COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY. Economic Impact Study Update. Technical Report

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1 COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY Economic Impact Study Update Technical Report November 2012

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3 COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY UPDATE November 2012 Prepared for: Prepared by: CDM SMITH 8805 Governor s Hill Drive, Suite 305 Cincinnati, OH

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5 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Study Summary Introduction Study Background Study Findings Port Columbus International Airport Rickenbacker International Airport Bolton Field Airport Combined Economic Impacts of CRAA Airports Comparison of CRAA Airports 2011 and 2004 Economic Impacts Port Columbus International Airport Rickenbacker International Airport Bolton Field Airport Conclusion Chapter 2: Market Area Overview Introduction Primary Market Area Secondary Market Area Columbus MSA Socioeconomic Overview Population Employment Per Capita Personal Income Summary Chapter 3: Study Approach Introduction The Economic Modeling Process Data Requirements for the Economic Modeling Process Surveys, Data Collection Methods, and Model Assumptions On-Airport Tenants Commercial Service Visitors General Aviation Visitors Select Off-Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port with Ties to the CRAA Construction Impacts Study Multipliers Multiplier Impacts Summary i

6 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Chapter 4: Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts for CRAA Airports Introduction Airport Locations and History Airport Overview Port Columbus International Airport Major On-Airport Tenants Airport Overview Rickenbacker International Airport Major On-Airport Tenants Airport Environs Airport Overview Bolton Field Airport Major On-Airport Tenants Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts for CRAA Airports On-Airport Tenants Direct Impacts Multiplier Impacts Total Impacts Commercial Service Visitors Direct Impacts Multiplier Impacts Total Impacts General Aviation Visitors Direct Impacts Multiplier Impacts Total Impacts Select Off-Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port with Ties to the CRAA Direct Impacts Multiplier Impacts Total Impacts Summary of CRAA Airports Economic Impacts Port Columbus International Airport Rickenbacker International Airport Bolton Field Airport Combined Economic Impacts of CRAA Airports Comparison of CRAA Airports 2011 and 2004 Economic Impacts Port Columbus International Airport Rickenbacker International Airport Bolton Field Airport Summary Chapter 5: Additional Benefits of CRAA Airports Introduction Tax Impacts State and Local Income Taxes Sales Taxes Commercial Service and General Aviation Visitor Expenditures ii

7 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Sales Taxes On-Airport Business Sales Total Tax Impacts of CRAA Airports Qualitative Airport Benefits Port Columbus International Airport Rickenbacker International Airport Bolton Field Airport Summary Appendices Appendix A iii

8 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Tables Chapter 1: Study Summary Table 1-1: Combined Economic Impacts, Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airports and Select Off- Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, Table 1-2: Combined Total Impacts, Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airports and Select Off- Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, Table 1-3: Comparison of 2011 and 2004 Total Economic Impacts, Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airports Chapter 2: Market Area Overview Table 2-1: Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area Employment by Industry, Table 2-2: Largest Employers in the Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area, Chapter 3: Study Approach Table 3-1: General Aviation Visitor Patterns, Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airports, Table 3-2: Ohio IMPLAN Multipliers by Economy Sector Chapter 4: Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts for CRAA Airports Table 4-1: On-Airport Tenants, Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-2: On-Airport Tenants, Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-3: On-Airport Tenants, Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Bolton Field Airport, Table 4-4: On-Airport Tenants, Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-5: On-Airport Tenants, Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-6: On-Airport Tenants, Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Bolton Field Airport, Table 4-7: On-Airport Tenants, Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-8: On-Airport Tenants, Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-9: On-Airport Tenants, Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Bolton Field Airport, Table 4-10: Commercial Service Visitor Expenditures Estimate, Port Columbus International Airport, iv

9 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Table 4-11: Commercial Service Visitors, Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-12: Commercial Service Visitor Expenditures Estimate, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-13: Commercial Service Visitors, Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-14: Commercial Service Visitors, Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-15: Commercial Service Visitors, Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-16: Commercial Service Visitors, Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-17: Commercial Service Visitors, Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-18: General Aviation Visitors, Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-19: General Aviation Visitors, Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-20: General Aviation Visitors, Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Bolton Field Airport, Table 4-21: General Aviation Visitors, Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-22: General Aviation Visitors, Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-23: General Aviation Visitors, Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Bolton Field Airport, Table 4-24: General Aviation Visitors, Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-25: General Aviation Visitors, Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 4-26: General Aviation Visitors, Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Bolton Field Airport, Table 4-27: Select Off-Airport Businesses, Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker Inland Port, Table 4-28: Select Off-Airport Businesses, Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker Inland Port, Table 4-29: Select Off-Airport Businesses, Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts, Rickenbacker Inland Port, Table 4-30: Economic Impacts Summary, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 4-31: Economic Impacts Summary, Rickenbacker International Airport and Select Off-Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, Table 4-32: Economic Impacts Summary, Bolton Field Airport, Table 4-33: Combined Economic Impacts, Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airports and Select Off-Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, Table 4-34: Combined Total Impacts, Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airports and Select Off- Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, v

10 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Table 4-35: Comparison of 2011 and 2004 Total Economic Impacts, Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airports Chapter 5: Additional Benefits of CRAA Airports Table 5-1: Ohio Income Tax Brackets, Table 5-2: State and Local Income Tax Impacts, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 5-3: State and Local Income Tax Impacts, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 5-4: State and Local Income Tax Impacts, Bolton Field Airport, Table 5-5: Sales Tax Impacts, Commercial Service and General Aviation Visitor Expenditures, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 5-6: Sales Tax Impacts, Commercial Service and General Aviation Visitor Expenditures, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 5-7: Sales Tax Impacts, General Aviation Visitor Expenditures, Bolton Field Airport, Table 5-8: Sales Tax Impacts, On-Airport Business Sales, Port Columbus International Airport, Table 5-9: Sales Tax Impacts, On-Airport Business Sales, Rickenbacker International Airport, Table 5-10: Sales Tax Impacts, On-Airport Business Sales, Bolton Field Airport, Table 5-11: Total Tax Impacts, Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airports, vi

11 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Figures Chapter 1: Study Summary Figure 1-1: The Columbus Regional Airport Authority s Airports Figure 1-2: Distribution of $6.6 Billion in Annual Economic Activity Chapter 2: Market Area Overview Figure 2-1: Primary and Secondary Market Area and Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area Figure 2-2: Socioeconomic Trends in the Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 to Chapter 4: Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts for CRAA Airports Figure 4-1: Major On-Airport Tenants, Port Columbus International Airport, Figure 4-2: Major On-Airport Tenants, Rickenbacker International Airport, Figure 4-3: Rickenbacker Inland Port Zones, Figure 4-4: Major On-Airport Tenants, Bolton Field Airport, Figure 4-5: Distribution of $6.6 Billion in Annual Economic Activity vii

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13 Chapter 1: Study Summary Introduction The Columbus Regional Airport Authority (CRAA) conducted the Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airport Economic Impact Study Update in 2012 to estimate the economic benefits generated by onairport businesses and government organizations, visitors to the Columbus region, and off-airport businesses near Rickenbacker International Airport. This study is an update of the CRAA s Regional Airports Economic Impact Study performed in The CRAA s mission is To develop and operate our aviation system assets in a manner that provides passengers, businesses, and the community the highest level of service, safety, satisfaction and economic benefit. The Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airport Economic Impact Study Update serves to identify and quantify the many economic contributions made to the local and regional economy by the CRAA s airports in the course of fulfilling the organization s mission and implementing its 2010 Strategic Business Plan. One of the CRAA s key strategies in its Strategic Business Plan is to Maximize Regional Economic Growth. This study demonstrates the important roles played by Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport in providing and supporting vital air transportation links, economic development, and jobs in the Columbus region. Study Background Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport are important transportation resources as well as critical economic catalysts. Figure 1-1 shows the location of each of these airports. The CRAA s airports support the air travel needs of the Columbus region s residents, businesses, and visitors. This study highlights the important economic contributions that the Columbus region realizes from the CRAA s airports by quantifying employment, payroll, and total economic activity (see Appendix A for a glossary of economic terms used in this report). The analysis presented in this study considers the annual economic impacts associated with on-airport businesses and government organizations (on-airport tenants), visitors who arrive via commercial airlines and privately-owned general aviation aircraft, and in the case of Rickenbacker International Airport, select off-airport, non-aviation-related businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port with ties to the CRAA. That includes the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, businesses within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park and any area businesses utilizing Foreign-Trade Zone No In 2004, the CRAA performed the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study in conjunction with The Ohio State University Airport and Fairfield County Airport, neither of which is included in this study. A separate study is being conducted in 2012 for The Ohio State University Airport only. 1-1

14 Figure 1-1 The Columbus Regional Airport Authority s Airports Source: CDM Smith The Rickenbacker Inland Port is a high-speed, multi-modal logistics hub anchored by Rickenbacker International Airport. The Rickenbacker Inland Port offers several advantages to logistics providers, importers, and exporters, including a cargo-dedicated airport with world-class facilities; proximity to major highways and major rail lines; the state-of-the-art Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, a facility where freight can be transferred from trains to trucks or vice versa; and an unparalleled geographic location in the heart of the Ohio Valley Region. 2 Due to the CRAA s influence 2 Moving at the Speed of Demand, Logistically Speaking, Columbus Regional Airport Authority, Winter

15 on development occurring in Rickenbacker International Airport s environs and the synergies between certain on- and off-airport activities, this study considered the economic impacts supported by off-airport businesses located within the following zones within the Rickenbacker Inland Port: the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal; businesses located within Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138; and businesses located within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park. These zones are described in greater detail in Chapter 4. Economic impacts in this study are reported for each individual airport. It is important to note that an economic impact study provides a "snapshot in time" with respect to airport operations and economic conditions. The data collection processes, economic modeling, and the state of the economy for this study are all specifically related to 2011 (the most recent full year of economic data). This study also summarizes other benefits attributed to the CRAA s airports. These benefits, some of which are not as easily quantified, are not typically captured by a traditional economic impact study. These additional areas of analysis included the following: Tax Impacts - While public airports do not generally pay taxes, airports and aviation-related services still help to contribute to state and local tax bases. This analysis identifies the sources of aviation-related and aviation-driven tax benefits in the Columbus region and provides an estimate of those benefits for each of the CRAA s airports. Qualitative Airport Benefits Airports provide contributions in forms other than jobs, payroll and economic activity. These may include medical flights, law enforcement operations, military training flights, air cargo operations, flight training activity, and corporate/business activity, among many others. This study highlights some of the benefits of the CRAA s airports that are not easily assigned a dollar value. Study Findings The Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Update found that the CRAA s airports have a significant positive impact on the Central Ohio economy. These impacts are summarized below. Port Columbus International Airport Port Columbus International Airport is a primary passenger airport with a vision to connect Central Ohio with the world. In 2011, the Airport transported an estimated 6.4 million passengers and accommodated more than 9.4 million pounds of freight and mail to meet the needs of regional businesses and consumers. This study estimated that direct impacts, which are those created by on-airport tenants (including the CRAA) and by visitor expenditures, supported 18,743 jobs earning more than $578.6 million in payroll and generating nearly $2.1 billion in economic output. Multiplier impacts, which are generated as on-airport tenant and visitor impacts circulate through the regional economy, were estimated at 14,721 jobs, more than $482.6 million in payroll, and more than $1.6 billion in output. When all 2011 impacts are summed, Port Columbus 1-3

16 International Airport: supported 33,464 jobs generated nearly $1.1 billion in annual payroll produced more than $3.7 billion in annual economic activity (output) The 2011 economic impact includes expenditures by more than 80 on-airport businesses and government organizations and more than 1.3 million commercial service and general aviation visitors to the Columbus region who arrive via Port Columbus International Airport, as well as multiplier impacts associated with this spending. Other important findings from this study include the following: Nearly 33,500 residents of the Columbus region are employed, either directly or indirectly, as a result of Port Columbus International Airport. These employees represent 2.9 percent of all the employees in the Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The 5,566 on-airport jobs make Port Columbus International Airport the 15th largest employer in the Columbus MSA. Rickenbacker International Airport Rickenbacker International Airport consists of a mixture of aviation services including air cargo, military and passenger (at a dedicated terminal), as well as rail and trucking activities. In 2011, the airport handled nearly million pounds of cargo (freight and mail). When all on-airport tenant and commercial service and general aviation visitor impacts are summed, Rickenbacker International Airport: supported 4,806 jobs generated nearly $267.3 million in annual payroll produced nearly $904.0 million in annual economic activity (output) In 2011, on-airport tenants directly supported 2,518 employees, of which 1,676 were employed by the military. Direct annual output from all on-airport tenants is estimated at more than $473.0 million annually. The estimated direct annual payroll of these on-airport tenants is more than $165.1 million. Operational data indicated that nearly 2,600 commercial service and general aviation visitors used the airport. This visitor-related annual output supported five additional employees earning $113,000 annually. Direct annual output from commercial service and general aviation visitors is estimated at $335,000. For 2011, the total annual output (including direct and multiplier impacts) generated by all on-airport tenants and commercial service and general aviation visitors arriving at the airport is nearly $904.0 million. Total employment related to on-airport tenants and commercial service and general aviation visitors, including all multiplier impacts, is estimated at 4,806 jobs, earning a total annual payroll (direct and multiplier) of nearly $267.3 million. 1-4

17 In 2011, the select off-airport, non-aviation-related businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port: supported 15,798 jobs generated more than $515.2 million in annual payroll produced more than $1.9 billion in annual economic activity (output) These impacts include direct and multiplier impacts. When the total (direct and multiplier) impacts for Rickenbacker International Airport and the select off-airport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port with ties to the CRAA are summed, the airport and off-airport businesses: supported 20,604 jobs generated more than $782.5 million in annual payroll produced more than $2.8 billion in annual economic activity (output) Bolton Field Airport Bolton Field Airport is a general aviation (GA) reliever airport for Columbus and serves primarily corporate aircraft and light aircraft. The Airport is one of 12 GA reliever airports in Ohio recognized in the Federal Aviation Administration s National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS). When all 2011 impacts are summed, Bolton Field Airport: supported 104 jobs generated more than $2.5 million in annual payroll produced nearly $11.2 million in annual economic activity There were seven aviation-related businesses and government organizations, including airport management, located on the airport in These businesses and government organizations supported 47 employees with a direct annual payroll of nearly $1.4 million. Direct annual output from all on-airport aviation-related tenants is estimated at more than $5.9 million annually. An estimated 2,012 general aviation visitors used the airport based on aircraft operations data. Direct visitorrelated annual output is estimated at $221,000. This output supported four employees with a direct annual payroll of $90,000. For 2011, the total annual output (including direct and multiplier impacts) generated by all aviation-related onairport businesses, government organizations, and general aviation visitors to Bolton Field Airport was approximately $11.2 million. Total employment related to these tenants and general aviation visitors, including all multiplier impacts, is estimated at approximately 104 positions, earning a total annual payroll (direct and multiplier) of 1-5

18 approximately $2.5 million. Combined Economic Impacts of CRAA Airports Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport generated more than $4.6 billion of economic activity and supported 38,374 jobs in This includes expenditures by more than 115 on-airport tenants and approximately 1.3 million commercial service and general aviation visitors, as well as multiplier impacts associated with this spending. In brief, the CRAA s airports: supported 38,374 jobs generated more than $1.3 billion in annual payroll produced more than $4.6 billion in annual economic activity (output) When the impacts tied to the expenditures of more than 40 off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port and multiplier impacts associated with this spending are included, the CRAA s airports and Rickenbacker off-airport businesses: supported 54,172 jobs generated more than $1.8 billion in annual payroll produced nearly $6.6 billion in annual economic activity (output) Table 1-1 summarizes the combined employment, payroll, and output impacts identified above. These economic impacts include direct impacts from on-airport tenants, off-airport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, capital improvement projects, spending by visitors using commercial airlines and general aviation, and the multiplier impacts resulting from the re-circulation of money spent by all of the aforementioned activities. 1-6

19 Table 1-1 Combined Economic Impacts COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY AIRPORTS AND SELECT OFF-AIRPORT BUSINESSES WITHIN THE RICKENBACKER INLAND PORT, 2011 Direct Impacts Multiplier Impacts Total Impacts Employment On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) 8,131 8,553 16,684 General Aviation Visitors Commercial Service Visitors 13,118 8,465 21,583 Airports Total 21,317 17,057 38,374 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 2) 8,165 7,633 15,798 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total 29,482 24,690 54,172 Payroll On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $450,076,000 $301,133,000 $751,209,000 General Aviation Visitors $1,536,000 $1,382,000 $2,918,000 Commercial Service Visitors $293,730,000 $283,180,000 $576,910,000 Airports Total $745,342,000 $585,695,000 $1,331,037,000 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 2) $294,178,000 $221,063,000 $515,241,000 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total $1,039,520,000 $806,758,000 $1,846,278,000 Output On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $1,757,928,000 $1,436,905,000 $3,194,833,000 General Aviation Visitors $3,926,000 $3,193,000 $7,119,000 Commercial Service Visitors $788,642,000 $643,236,000 $1,431,878,000 Airports Total $2,550,496,000 $2,083,334,000 $4,633,830,000 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 2) $985,913,000 $940,301,000 $1,926,214,000 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total $3,536,409,000 $3,023,635,000 $6,560,044,000 Note 1: Includes associated CIP activity. Note 2: Includes the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, area businesses utilizing Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138, businesses within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park, and associated CIP activity. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Table 1-2 presents the 2011 total impacts of the CRAA s airports by facility and includes the Rickenbacker off-airport businesses. 1-7

20 Table 1-2 Combined Total Impacts COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY AIRPORTS AND SELECT OFF-AIRPORT BUSINESSES WITHIN THE RICKENBACKER INLAND PORT, Employment Port Columbus International Airport 33,464 Rickenbacker International Airport 4,806 Bolton Field Airport 104 Airports Total 38,374 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 1) 15,798 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total 54,172 Payroll Port Columbus International Airport $1,061,252,000 Rickenbacker International Airport $267,282,000 Bolton Field Airport $2,503,000 Airports Total $1,331,037,000 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 1) $515,241,000 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total $1,846,278,000 Output Port Columbus International Airport $3,718,693,000 Rickenbacker International Airport $903,975,000 Bolton Field Airport $11,162,000 Airports Total $4,633,830,000 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 1) $1,926,214,000 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total $6,560,044,000 Note 1: Includes the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, area businesses utilizing Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138, businesses within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park, and associated CIP activity. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Figure 1-2 presents the distribution of annual economic activity between the CRAA s airports and the select off-airport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. As shown, Port Columbus International Airport generates the majority of the economic activity. 1-8

21 Figure 1-2 Distribution of $6.6 Billion in Annual Economic Activity Rickenbacker Off- Airport Businesses $1.9 billion 29% Bolton Field Airport $11.2 million <1% Rickenbacker International Airport $904.0 million 14% Port Columbus International Airport $3.7 billion 57% Source: CDM Smith Clearly, the CRAA s airports and Rickenbacker off-airport businesses are major catalysts to the continued growth of Central Ohio s economy. Other important findings included the following: Total economic impacts tied to commercial service visitors at Port Columbus International Airport and Rickenbacker International Airport are estimated at 21,583 jobs, more than $576.9 million in annual payroll, and over $1.4 billion in annual output. Total economic impacts tied to general aviation visitors at Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport are estimated at 107 jobs, more than $2.9 million in annual payroll, and more than $7.1 million in annual output. Total CRAA airport-related taxes collected in 2011 amounted to more than $129.6 million. The CRAA s airports serve as vital business links and support critical services such as medical care, search and rescue, military training, law enforcement, air cargo transport, and flight training, among others. Comparison of CRAA Airports 2011 and 2004 Economic Impacts The 2011 and 2004 total employment, payroll, and output impacts for the CRAA s airports, including direct and multiplier impacts, are compared in Table 1-3. As shown, total employment supported by the CRAA s airports increased from 23,520 jobs in 2004 to 33,464 jobs in Total annual payroll in 2004 stood at nearly $793.2 million and grew to more than $1.3 billion in Lastly, total annual 1-9

22 output produced by the CRAA s airports increased from more than $2.7 billion in 2004 to more than $4.6 billion in It is important to note that the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study performed in 2004 did not include an analysis of off-airport businesses located in the vicinity of Rickenbacker International Airport. Therefore, in order to provide an apples to apples comparison between the two studies, the 2011 economic impacts associated with the Rickenbacker off-airport businesses are not included in Table 1-3. Table 1-3 Comparison of 2011 and 2004 Total Economic Impacts COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY AIRPORTS Employment Port Columbus International Airport 33,464 23,520 Rickenbacker International Airport (Note 1) 4,806 6,300 Bolton Field Airport Total Employment 38,374 29,994 Payroll Port Columbus International Airport $1,061,252,000 $624,895,000 Rickenbacker International Airport (Note 1) $267,282,000 $163,599,100 Bolton Field Airport $2,503,000 $4,661,400 Total Payroll $1,331,037,000 $793,155,500 Output Port Columbus International Airport $3,718,693,000 $2,188,485,700 Rickenbacker International Airport (Note 1) $903,975,000 $547,987,900 Bolton Field Airport $11,162,000 $10,720,700 Total Output $4,633,830,000 $2,747,194,300 Note 1: Excludes 2011 economic impacts for the select off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, which are the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, area businesses utilizing Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138, and businesses within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park. Source: CDM Smith, IMPLAN multipliers, and Regional Airports Economic Impact Study The sections below identify the primary explanations for the differences between the 2011 and 2004 economic impacts for each airport. It should be noted that inflation between 2004 and 2011 accounts for approximately 30 percent of the increase. Port Columbus International Airport In addition to inflation, employment and payroll impacts increased between 2004 and 2011 due to a higher average expenditure per commercial service visitor in The higher expenditure per commercial service visitor in 2011 results in an increase in the number of jobs supported by visitors in the hospitality sector (i.e., hotels, restaurants, retail, etc.) and an associated increase in payroll. Output grew between 2004 and 2011 because of the increase in commercial service visitor spending and rising fuel costs. Rickenbacker International Airport For Rickenbacker International Airport, the lower employment at the airport (specifically, on-airport tenants employment) in 2011 is primarily due to the addition of select off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port to the Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact 1-10

23 Study Update. The 2004 Regional Airports Economic Impact Study, as previously explained, did not include a detailed analysis of off-airport businesses located in the airport s vicinity. However, some off-airport air cargo-related businesses were included with the on-airport tenants in the 2004 study due to synergies between on- and off-airport activities. The employment impacts tied to the offairport air cargo-related businesses from the 2004 study are essentially assigned in this study to a different category comprised of the select off-airport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. With regard to payroll impacts, this study identified a higher average payroll per employee for military tenants in 2011 compared to Higher fuel costs explain the increase in output in Bolton Field Airport There are two explanations for the decrease in employment and payroll impacts at Bolton Field Airport between 2004 and First, the airport s fixed base operator employed fewer people in Second, the airport accommodated approximately 52,000 fewer aircraft operations in General aviation visitor expenditures and the jobs and payroll supported by those expenditures were lower as a result. Output impacts increased in 2011 largely because expenditures by the CRAA and one of the airport s major tenants, Columbus State Community College, increased. Conclusion The Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Update determined that the CRAA s airports support 38,374 total jobs and that these jobs have a total annual payroll of more than $1.3 billion. The total annual economic activity (output) of the airports is estimated at more than $4.6 billion. When the off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port are included, these economic impacts increase to 54,172 total jobs, more than $1.8 billion in total annual payroll, and nearly $6.6 billion in total annual economic activity. When these economic impacts are considered along with the additional aviation-related benefits identified in this study, it is clear that Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, Bolton Field Airport, and the Rickenbacker off-airport businesses have a significant positive impact on the Central Ohio economy. 1-11

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25 Chapter 2: Market Area Overview Introduction An airport s or airport system s market area is defined by the region from which its commercial airline passengers, general aviation users, and other users of aviation-related services originate. The market area for Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport is divided into two levels. These include the primary market area and the secondary market area. This chapter defines the boundaries of these two market areas. The economic impact that the Columbus Regional Airport Authority s (CRAA) airports generate for Central Ohio varies directly with the demand for aviation services that is generated within the primary market area and to a lesser degree the secondary market area. While much of the Columbus region s air traffic is directly tied to the region s tourism activities, a larger percentage of the growth is driven by its residents and businesses. As population, employment, and income levels rise in the Columbus region, demand for airline travel, business aviation, air cargo shipments, personal flying, and other aviation-related activities also typically rise. This chapter provides an overview of the Columbus region s general economic characteristics. Information presented in this chapter helps to highlight the region s strong demand for aviation and aviation-related services, which is what ultimately fuels the economic impacts measured in this study. Primary Market Area The majority of an airport s or airport system s air passengers and general aviation users originate from within the primary market area. For this study, the primary market area for the CRAA s airports is defined as a 60-mile radius around the City of Columbus. The geographic focus of this study, where the majority of the economic impacts measured in this study occur, is the eight-county Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) located within the primary market area. The Columbus MSA includes the following counties: Franklin, Licking, Fairfield, Pickaway, Madison, Delaware, Union, and Morrow. The primary market area and Columbus MSA are illustrated in Figure

26 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Figure 2-1 Primary and Secondary Market Area and Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area Source: CDM Smith Secondary Market Area The secondary market area for the CRAA s airport system is defined as a 90-mile radius from the City of Columbus. The secondary market area is the result of low-cost carriers (LCCs) operating in the Columbus market. These carriers attract fare sensitive commercial service passengers to both Port Columbus International Airport and Rickenbacker International Airport. Consumers who live or work in the outlying secondary market area may have a choice of airports to use for their air travel or shipping needs. Airports in the secondary market area compete with the 2-2

27 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study CRAA s airports and airports outside the secondary market area for these consumers. Consumers in the secondary market area will choose which airport to use based on airfare costs and distance from the airport. Business travelers are generally less fare sensitive and will likely choose an airport closer to work or home due to convenience. Non-business travelers, however, are more fare sensitive and may be willing to drive a greater distance to an airport to save airfare costs. This is particularly true for airports that are served by LCCs, such as Port Columbus International Airport, which is served by Southwest Airlines and AirTran Airways, and Rickenbacker International Airport, which began offering service by Allegiant Air in October Automobile license plate surveys in airport parking lots have confirmed the drive-fly phenomenon for airports with LCCs. Columbus MSA Socioeconomic Overview Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport are located in Columbus, Ohio in Franklin County, one of eight counties comprising the Columbus MSA. 2 The Columbus MSA has a diversified economy that has helped the region weather the recession of To better understand how the region s economy has functioned in the past and is expected to perform in the near future, this section examines the Columbus MSA s socioeconomic trends from 2000 through forecasts of Typically, as population, employment, and income change in a particular market area, there is a corresponding change in demand for air carrier, air cargo and general aviation services. The following sections provide details on the socioeconomic trends that have occurred in recent years in the Columbus MSA. Population In 2000, the population of the Columbus MSA stood at more than 1.6 million. By 2011, the MSA s population had grown in size to nearly 1.9 million people, a 1.3 percent compound average annual growth rate (CAGR). During that 11-year period, the MSA s population increased by no less than 17,200 in any individual year, and averaged an increase of more than 22,300 people per year. The largest growth came in 2010, when population grew by nearly 34,700 people. The average growth rate of the Columbus MSA s population of 1.3 percent per year exceeded the Ohio and U.S. national averages of 0.2 percent and 0.9 percent, respectively, for the same period. Looking to the future, the MSA s population is forecast to grow to nearly 2.1 million by 2020, yielding an average annual growth rate of 1.3 percent. This is greater than the rate of population growth of 0.4 percent forecast for Ohio and 1.0 percent forecast for the U.S. during the same period. Figure 2-2 shows the trend of Columbus MSA population growth from 2000 to Port Columbus was also served by Frontier Airlines in Frontier ceased operations at the Airport in June A portion of Rickenbacker International Airport is located in Pickaway County, which is also one of the eight counties comprising the Columbus MSA. 2-3

28 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study 2,200,000 Figure 2-2 Socioeconomic Trends in the Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 to ,000,000 $75,000 1,800,000 $65,000 Number of People 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 $55,000 $45,000 $35,000 Per Capita Personal Income 800, ,000 Population Employment Per Capita Personal Income Population Forecast Employment Forecast Per Capita Personal Income Forecast $25, ,000 $15, Year Source: U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and Woods and Poole Economics, Inc. Employment According to U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) data, the workforce in the Columbus MSA totaled nearly 1.2 million workers in This reflects a total increase of approximately 50,400 workers from the number of workers identified in the year 2000, representing a 0.4 percent CAGR over this period. From 2008 to 2010, the region experienced a decline of nearly 28,400 employees, a decrease of approximately 2.4 percent, due to the economic recession that began in December By comparison, total employment grew by more than 76,000 workers from 2000 to 2007, an increase of 6.8 percent. Table 2-1 presents total employment in the Columbus MSA categorized by industry for the year Despite the recent short-term decrease in the Columbus MSA s total employment, longterm labor projections indicate continued employment growth through 2020 at a CAGR of 1.5 percent (see Figure 2-2). 2-4

29 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Table 2-1 Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area Employment by Industry, 2010 Industry Employment Percent Government 171, % Health Care and Social Assistance 127, % Retail Trade 116, % Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 87, % Administrative and Waste Services 83, % Accommodation and Food Services 80, % Finance and Insurance 77, % Manufacturing 67, % Other Services 56, % Transportation and Warehousing 49, % Real Estate, Rental, and Leasing 48, % Construction 46, % Wholesale Trade 39, % Educational Services 26, % Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 21, % Management of Companies 20, % Information 20, % Forestry, Fishing, Mining, and Related Activities 19, % Utilities 3, % Total 1,161, % Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Table 2-2 shows the number of jobs at the 25 largest employers in the Columbus MSA in When looking at the largest employers, it becomes clear how significant government and public education are to the economy. Almost 43 percent of those employed at the largest employers in the region work in these sectors. The importance of financial activities and healthcare is also evident, as these sectors employ one-third of those employed by the 25 largest employers. 2-5

30 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Table 2-2 Largest Employers in the Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2011 Rank Organization Sector Employment Percent 1 The Ohio State University Public Education 26, % 2 State of Ohio Government 26, % 3 JP Morgan Chase & Co. Financial Activities 18, % 4 OhioHealth Healthcare 13, % 5 Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. Financial Activities 11, % 6 Columbus City Schools Public Education 9, % 6 Kroger Co. Retail Trade 9, % 8 City of Columbus Government 8, % 9 Nationwide Children's Hospital Healthcare 7, % 10 McDonald's Corp. Retail Trade 7, % 11 Mount Carmel Health System Healthcare 7, % 12 Limited Brands Corporate Management/Retail Trade 7, % 13 Honda of America Manufacturing Inc. Manufacturing 7, % 14 Franklin County Government 6, % 15 Huntington Bancshares Inc. Financial Activities 5, % 16 Giant Eagle Inc. Retail Trade 4, % 17 Cardinal Health Inc. Healthcare/Wholesale Trade 4, % 18 Abercrombie & Fitch Co. Corporate Management/Retail Trade 3, % 19 Defense Logistics Agency Land and Maritime Government 3, % 20 American Electric Power Company Inc. Utilities 3, % 21 Target Corp. Retail Trade 2, % 22 Columbus State Community College Public Education 2, % 23 Battelle Professional Services 2, % 24 South-Western City Schools Public Education 2, % 25 Alliance Data Systems Corp. Information 2, % Total Employees 206, % Source: Business First of Columbus, 2011 Per Capita Personal Income Personal income can be used as an indication of how much residents will spend on the consumption of goods and services, including aviation. It can be assumed that the greater the amount of income, the greater the purchasing power one has. Per capita personal income for the Columbus MSA was approximately $31,500 in 2000, and grew to approximately $38,200 by The change in this figure represents a CAGR of 2.0 percent. By comparison, per capita personal income for Ohio and the U.S. as a whole grew from $28,700 to $36,200 (CAGR of 2.3 percent) and from $30,300 to $39,900 (CAGR of 2.8 percent), respectively, over the same period. This ranks the Columbus MSA above the 2010 statewide average of $36,200 but below the national average of $39,900. The region s per capita personal income level is influenced by the large percentage of the workforce possessing a college degree. In 2009, the effects of the recession were reflected in the Columbus MSA s per capita personal income, with the level decreasing to $37,400 from $38,500 in However, as the economy improved, the region s per capita personal income increased to $38,200 in This represents a CAGR of 2.2 percent from

31 Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study The region s per capita personal income is projected to increase from $38,200 in 2010 to $46,400 in 2015 at a CAGR of 4.0 percent and from $46,400 in 2015 to $58,100 in 2020 at an overall CAGR of 4.3 percent for the 2010 to 2020 period (see Figure 2-2). The region s CAGR between 2010 and 2020 is slightly below the statewide CAGR of 4.5 percent and the national CAGR of 4.4 percent for the same period. Summary From the statistics reported above, it is evident that the Columbus MSA experienced the impact of the recent economic downturn. However, due to its diversified economy, the region suffered less and has recovered stronger than most of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the nation. 3 A Brookings Institution Study identified the region as one of the 20 strongest performers since the beginning of the economic downturn, and Forbes picked Columbus as one of 2011 s Best Places for Businesses and Careers. 4 There are indications that the region s economy will continue to grow. Between 2000 and 2011, the Columbus MSA s population grew rapidly at a 1.3 percent CAGR and is expected to expand at the same rate through Employment grew at 1.0 percent CAGR from 2000 to 2007, with strong growth (1.5 percent CAGR) forecast through In fact, the region s employment is projected to exceed the pre-recession level in The region also fares well in terms of personal per capita income and is projected to continue to do so due to its highly educated workforce. These measures indicate an expanding economy for the Columbus MSA and its citizens, which should result in increased demand for aviation services and aviation-related businesses. 3 An Optimistic Outlook, Columbus CEO, January 13, An Optimistic Outlook, Columbus CEO, January 13,

32

33 Chapter 3: Study Approach Introduction This chapter details the methodology used to estimate the economic impacts of the Columbus Regional Airport Authority s (CRAA) airports. The total economic impact of each airport is quantified in terms of employment, payroll, and output. Output represents total spending or economic activity and accounts for the total value of aviation-related activities supported by the CRAA s airports. This report presents the economic impacts of the airports in terms of three aviation-related groups: On-airport tenants, including both businesses and government organizations (including the CRAA) Visitors traveling to the Columbus region via commercial airlines Visitors traveling to the Columbus region via general aviation aircraft This report also presents the economic impacts of a fourth group comprised of select off-airport, nonaviation-related businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port with ties to the CRAA. As explained in Chapter 1, this study considered the economic impacts supported by off-airport businesses located inside the following zones within the Rickenbacker Inland Port: the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal; businesses located within Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138; and businesses located within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park. Additionally, as mentioned in Chapter 1, this study summarizes other benefits attributed to the CRAA s airports. These additional areas that were analyzed include tax impacts and qualitative airport benefits. These additional benefits are presented in Chapter 5 of this report. The Economic Modeling Process All economic impacts for the CRAA s airports were calculated using an input-output model. The inputoutput model considers economic impacts associated with on-airport tenants, commercial service and general aviation visitors arriving at the airports, and off-airport, non-aviation-related businesses in the Rickenbacker Inland Port. Impacts that are discussed include the following: Direct Impacts Direct impacts include activities associated with businesses and government organizations located at the airport, which are directly related to the provision of aviation services. These impacts include the employment, payroll, and spending of businesses such as airlines, fixed base operators (FBOs), airport restaurants, corporate flight departments, and government entities, including airport management and operations staff. Expenditures for capital improvement projects (CIPs) are also included in direct impacts. Direct impacts also include the employment, payroll, and spending of off-airport, non-aviation related businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. 3-1

34 Direct impacts are also realized by visitor spending that results from air travel (both scheduled commercial service and general aviation). 1 These impacts generally take place off-airport and are attributed to the expenditures of visitors who arrive in the Columbus region by aircraft. Visitor expenditures support employment and payroll in the hospitality sector, which includes lodging, food and beverage, retail, and entertainment. Certain visitor spending for aviationrelated goods and services (such as AvGas purchases by visiting general aviation pilots) is not accounted for in the visitor expenses. Instead, it is included in the appropriate FBO s economic impacts to avoid double-counting. Multiplier Impacts Multiplier impacts consist of indirect and induced impacts. 2 Indirect impacts are related to the re-circulation of monies spent locally by on-airport tenants and offairport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. For example, when an FBO purchases fuel from a supplier, this expenditure circulates through the local economy. Induced impacts are the impacts resulting from the re-circulation of employee payroll within the economy. For example, as airport employees spend their salary for housing, food, and services, those expenditures also circulate through the economy resulting in increased spending, payroll, and employment throughout the Columbus region and state of Ohio. As this money is spent several times, it eventually leaks beyond the boundaries of Ohio, and thus no longer benefits the state s citizens. The economic model uses parameters specific to Ohio to estimate the leakage effect associated with aviation activities. Total Impacts Total impacts are the sum of all direct (on-airport, visitor spending, and offairport within the Rickenbacker Inland Port) and multiplier (indirect and induced) economic activities attributable to an airport or the system of airports. Note that because multiplier impacts are not as easily quantified as direct impacts, a reliable method for estimating multiplier impacts must be applied. As such, the Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN) model was used to quantify multiplier (indirect and induced) impacts. IMPLAN is an inputoutput model that estimates purchases and sales between various sectors of the economy, and is considered to be one of the leading methods available for estimating the total economic impact of an industry (in this case, airports). The IMPLAN model contains a large economic database that is used to generate input-output tables. IMPLAN multipliers and input-output tables specific to Ohio s industrial sectors were obtained and used in this analysis. The model used for this analysis requires estimates for three separate components of the economy. These categories include the following: Employment Employment is based on the total of full-time jobs plus part-time jobs. In this analysis, two part-time positions are the equivalent of a single full-time position. 1 In the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study performed in 2004, direct on-airport impacts and direct visitor impacts were referred to as first-round impacts when combined. When discussed separately in the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study, direct visitor impacts were referred to as indirect impacts. 2 In the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study performed in 2004, multiplier impacts were referred to as second-round impacts and induced impacts. 3-2

35 Payroll Payroll represents the annual salary, wages, and benefits paid to all employees. Economic Output (Spending) Output for on- and off-airport entities is typically assumed to be the sum of annual gross sales and average annual capital expenditures. While this assumption works well for profit-oriented organizations, it must be modified for those that do not generate sales, such as government or corporate flight departments. In order to estimate the impact of these important activities, output is assumed to be the sum of payroll, operating expenditures, and average annual capital improvement outlays. While airlines do generate sales, ticket revenue is usually transferred outside the area being modeled. This makes it difficult to assign that revenue to specific airports, so output for airlines is also assumed to be the sum of payroll, operating expenditures, and average capital improvement outlays. For visitors using an airport, output is assumed to equal total visitor spending. It is important to note that payroll and economic output cannot be directly combined because some elements related to payroll are also contained in the output estimate. Each of the three impact components (employment, payroll, and economic output) stands alone as a measure of an airport s or an airport system s total economic impact. Data Requirements for the Economic Modeling Process A number of data collection efforts were undertaken to gather information related to economic activity occurring at the CRAA s airports. This data served as inputs to the modeling process to identify total economic impacts. The following groups were part of the data gathering effort to estimate direct impacts: On-Airport Tenants This group includes airport businesses such as airlines, air cargo operators, FBOs, concessionaires, and corporate flight departments as well as government organizations such as the CRAA, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Transportation Security Administration (TSA), military units, and various other state and federal organizations. Commercial Service Visitors This group includes estimated non-local passengers (visitors) arriving via commercial airlines. Average visitor spending for this group was derived from JobsOhio s Ohio Commercial Service Airports Economic Impact Study prepared by CDM Smith in General Aviation Visitors Impacts from general aviation visitors are produced by non-local passengers arriving via private or business aircraft. General aviation visitors are associated with that portion of each airport s itinerant general aviation operations that are transient (or visiting) in nature. Itinerant operations are defined as those that leave the airport s local airspace. Some itinerant operations at an airport are attributable to residents of the airport s market area who fly their planes to more distant locations and subsequently return to their home airport. The remaining itinerant operations are attributed to visitors. Itinerant operations performed by visitors are considered transient operations. Impacts for this group 3-3

36 were estimated using survey data from the CRAA s airports, visitor expenditure data and visitors per aircraft data from the CRAA s Regional Airports Economic Impact Study conducted in 2004, and general aviation visitor data from similar airports located in the Midwest. Select Off-Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port with Ties to the CRAA Offairport, non-aviation-related businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, including the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, businesses located in Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138 and the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park, comprise this group. General categories of businesses located in Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138 and the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park include freight forwarders, distribution centers, manufacturing/production businesses, and business support services providers. Construction Impacts Each year, airports undertake CIPs such as a runway rehabilitation or terminal improvements. In addition, businesses and government organizations, including those located off-airport within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, undertake CIPs. These projects employ people in jobs such as construction, architecture, engineering, and consulting. For this analysis, construction impacts are included in the direct impact category. Direct economic impacts presented in this report were estimated primarily through surveys undertaken specifically to support this study. IMPLAN multipliers were then applied to direct impacts to estimate subsequent multiplier impacts. Surveys, Data Collection Methods, and Model Assumptions Estimating direct impacts requires an extensive data gathering effort associated with on-airport tenants, off-airport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, commercial service visitors, and general aviation visitors. The methods used to collect information from each group considered in the direct impacts are discussed in the following sections, followed by an explanation of the multiplier impacts resulting from the re-circulation of the direct impacts. On-Airport Tenants CRAA staff provided contact information for each airport tenant at Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport. All airport tenants having aviation-related employees on the CRAA s airports during 2011 were contacted to collect information regarding their economic activity. Since the purpose of this study was to measure the economic impacts of each CRAA airport, a distinction was made between those on-airport tenants that depended on the airport and those that did not. For example, HealthMetrix Research, a business located at Port Columbus International Airport that consults on Medicare health plans, would not be designated as aviation-related since this type of business typically does not need an airport to operate. An Airport Tenant Survey was provided to each aviation-related tenant and follow-ups were made to obtain responses and to verify information on returned surveys. Airport tenants at each airport were grouped into 16 categories to aid in analysis. These categories consisted of the following: 3-4

37 Airlines Air cargo Air charter companies Aircraft maintenance Airport management Air traffic control Concessions Corporate flight departments FBO Federal government (not including Transportation Security Administration) Flight instruction Military Parking Rental cars State/local government Transportation Security Administration The survey sent to each airport tenant, including airport management, requested the following information: Type of aviation activity conducted by the tenant Number of full-time and part-time employees in 2011 Estimated total annual wages and benefits paid to employees in 2011 Estimated total capital improvement expenditures for each year, 2008 through 2011 Estimated total operating expenses (excluding payroll and capital improvement expenditures previously identified) for 2011 Estimated total gross sales (where applicable) by the tenant on the airport in 2011 Because of its importance to the modeling process, a high response rate was required for the Airport Tenant Survey. As such, several rounds of follow-ups were made to non-responding entities to obtain the greatest response rate possible for on-airport employment. For airport tenants who did not supply complete information on payroll, expenses, and gross sales, estimates were developed using 3-5

38 ratios of payroll, expenses, and gross sales per employee, which is a standard methodology in airport economic impact modeling. In some cases, these ratios were developed from survey data obtained from those tenants and businesses who did respond to the survey. For those categories of tenants who did not have sufficient Columbus-specific data to provide reliable averages, additional data was used from CDM Smith s in-house database compiled from airport economic impact studies conducted throughout the United States. For purposes of estimating multiplier impacts, airport tenants were classified into one of three categories (aviation, concession, and government), based upon the nature of their business. This was done to facilitate subsequent modeling using IMPLAN multipliers. For this analysis, a set of aviation multipliers was used for airlines, aircraft maintenance, FBOs, air cargo, flight schools, and corporate flight departments. Retail, food and beverage, hotel, car rental, and parking tenants utilized a set of concession multipliers applied to estimate impacts. Government-related entities received their own set of multipliers for estimating impacts. Impacts stemming from construction projects were broken out from each tenant so a set of construction-related multipliers could be used. Commercial Service Visitors In 2011, Port Columbus International Airport was served by nine passenger airlines and Rickenbacker International Airport was served by one passenger airline. Airlines bring visitors to the Columbus region from all over the country and the world. Spending by these visitors supports local businesses such as hotels, restaurants, and retail establishments. To estimate these expenditures, a survey effort of commercial airline service passengers at Port Columbus International Airport was conducted as part of JobsOhio s Ohio Commercial Service Airports Economic Impact Study, prepared by CDM Smith. The survey effort was conducted between January 9-10, More than 550 passengers at Port Columbus responded to the survey. Each passenger was asked to identify themselves as either a resident of, or a visitor to, the Columbus region. Those that identified themselves as visitors were asked to provide the following information: Trip purpose Number of nights stayed Number of people traveling in their group Expenditures by their group for lodging, food, rental car, other ground transportation, retail, entertainment, and other expenses 3-6

39 For Rickenbacker International Airport, no surveys of commercial airline service passengers were conducted for this study or JobsOhio s Ohio Commercial Service Airports Economic Impact Study. In 2011, Rickenbacker International Airport was served by Direct Air, an airline that provided seasonal passenger service from Columbus to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Direct Air ceased operations nationwide in March Because Direct Air provided service to Myrtle Beach, a resort destination, passengers were primarily residents of the primary and secondary market areas of the CRAA s airports. Expenditures of commercial service visitors at Rickenbacker International Airport in 2011 were therefore estimated for this study from surveys of commercial airline service passengers conducted at Rickenbacker in 2004 for the CRAA s Regional Airports Economic Impact Study. The following methodology was used to estimate commercial service visitor impacts for Port Columbus International Airport and Rickenbacker International Airport: Enplanement data for 2011 for Port Columbus International Airport and Rickenbacker International Airport was obtained from CRAA staff. The breakdown of local, visitor, and connecting passengers was then applied to the annual enplanement data to determine the number of annual visitors using the airports. Average expenditures per visitor per trip were derived through the survey process for Port Columbus International Airport and from the CRAA s Regional Airports Economic Impact Study for Rickenbacker International Airport. 4 These estimates were applied to the estimate of annual visitors using either commercial service airport. This produced an estimate of the total annual economic activity (or output) generated by commercial service visitors using the airports. In order to estimate the employment associated with commercial service visitor expenditures, Columbus-specific employment ratios per million dollars of visitor output were developed using the IMPLAN model. It was estimated that approximately 15.3 persons are employed in the Columbus region as result of every $1 million in commercial service visitor output (spending). In order to estimate the payroll impacts associated with employment supported by commercial service visitors, average Central Ohio wages for appropriate industry sectors were applied to the estimated number of employees supported by commercial airline visitor spending. Most visitor expenditures take place in the hospitality sector, which includes hotel/motel, food and beverage, entertainment, retail, and ground transportation. Based on data obtained from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average payroll of $22,600 per employee in Columbus was assumed for these job categories. 3 Vision Airlines began seasonal non-stop service from Rickenbacker International Airport to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in June Average visitor expenditure data from the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study was inflated from 2004 to 2011 for Rickenbacker International Airport using the Consumer Price Index. 3-7

40 General Aviation Visitors Visitors to the Columbus region also arrive on corporate and general aviation aircraft. General aviation refers to all segments of aircraft that are not related to the commercial airlines or the military. The economic activity generated by general aviation visitors at the CRAA s airports was determined by using data from surveys of visiting pilots and passengers, data from the CRAA s Regional Airports Economic Impact Study, and general aviation visitor data from similar airports located in the Midwest. Visiting Pilot/Passenger Surveys were delivered to FBO managers at each airport. The survey requested the following information: Number of travelers in their aircraft Where their aircraft is based Trip purpose Length of stay Expenditures for lodging, food, ground transportation, retail/entertainment, and other expenses Number of people responsible for these expenditures Further comments regarding the value of the airport to the pilot or passenger This visiting pilot and passenger survey effort, which lasted approximately two months, was used to develop estimates of visitor expenditures for each airport. These estimates included the average number of visitors per aircraft and the average expenditure per visitor per trip. CRAA staff provided the number of itinerant aircraft operations at each airport in Since many of these operations are aircraft that are based at a CRAA airport, FBO managers were interviewed to obtain an estimate of true transient aircraft at each airport. Together, all of these estimates were used to assess the level of general aviation visitor spending at each airport as illustrated in the following example using Bolton Field Airport. This example demonstrates the calculations used to estimate general aviation visitor impacts in this study. For this example, rounded numbers are used and any variation in calculations is the result of rounding. Bolton Field Airport had approximately 12,216 itinerant operations in 2011; or 6,108 annual itinerant arrivals (since it is assumed that all arrivals have a corresponding departure). Furthermore, the FBO manager estimated that 10 percent of these itinerant arrivals were true transient arrivals. o 6,108 itinerant arrivals x 10 percent = 611 transient arrivals Visiting pilot and passenger survey data for Bolton Field Airport as well as data from the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study and similar general aviation airports in the Midwest 3-8

41 provided estimates of the average number of visitors per aircraft, including the pilot (3.3 visitors), and the average spending ($110 per visitor per trip). These averages were used to calculate the total annual visitors (2,016 visitors) and the impacts of those visitors spending in the Columbus region, or approximately $222,000 per year. It should be noted that visitor spending does not include purchases on the airport. For example, FBO services or fuel purchases are removed from this calculation to avoid double-counting. These are included in the direct impacts associated with each airport s tenants. o o 611 transient arrivals x 3.3 visitors per arrival = 2,016 visitors 2,016 visitors x $110 per visitor = $222,000 annual spending by visitors to Bolton Field Airport To determine payroll and employment impacts resulting from this visitor spending (or output), multiplier ratios based on $1 million of output were used. In other words, ratios developed by the IMPLAN model indicate that for every $1 million of general aviation visitor output, approximately 17.4 full-time positions in other industries are created. Most of these jobs are in the hospitality sector. Visitors using general aviation at Bolton Field Airport would then support approximately four full-time positions. o $222,000 x 17.4 jobs $1,000,000 = 4 jobs The average annual salary for the hospitality sector in the Columbus region ($22,600) was then applied to the estimate of employment to calculate the payroll impacts associated with general aviation visitors. In this example, visitor-related payroll created by the four full-time positions is estimated to total approximately $90,000. o 4 jobs x $22,600 = $90,000 annual payroll The general aviation visitor patterns for the CRAA s airports are presented in Table 3-1. Table 3-1 General Aviation Visitor Patterns COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY AIRPORTS, 2011 Visitors per Expenditures per Airport Aircraft Visitor per Trip Port Columbus International Airport 3.9 $160 Rickenbacker International Airport 3.8 $110 Bolton Field Airport 3.3 $110 Source: CDM Smith Select Off-Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port with Ties to the CRAA Data collection for select off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port followed a process similar to the one used for on-airport tenants. CRAA staff provided contact information for the select off-airport businesses. This included the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, area businesses that utilized Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138, and businesses within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park. An Off-Airport Business Survey was provided to each business to 3-9

42 obtain information regarding their economic activity in Off-airport businesses were grouped into the following four categories to aid in analysis: Intermodal terminal Freight forwarder/distribution center Manufacturing/production business Business support services provider The survey sent to each off-airport business requested the following information: Type of product or service provided by the business Number of full-time and part-time employees in 2011 Estimated total annual wages and benefits paid to employees in 2011 Estimated total capital improvement expenditures for each year, 2008 through 2011 Estimated total operating expenses (excluding payroll and capital improvement expenditures previously identified) for 2011 Estimated total gross sales generated by the business facility located near Rickenbacker International Airport in 2011 Several rounds of follow-ups were made to non-responding businesses to obtain the greatest response rate possible for employment. Estimates of payroll and output were made for businesses that did not provide complete information on the survey. To estimate payroll, data on average Central Ohio wages for appropriate industry sectors was obtained from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and applied to each business total employment. Output for non-responding businesses was estimated based on the average output per employee for appropriate industry sectors from the IMPLAN model. To estimate multiplier impacts, a set of multipliers for each category of off-airport business (intermodal terminal, freight forwarder/distribution center, manufacturing/production business, and business support services provider) was applied to the direct employment, payroll, and output impacts. Similar to on-airport tenants, impacts associated with construction projects were broken out from each business so a set of construction-related multipliers could be used. Construction Impacts Each year, the CRAA formulates a Capital Improvement Program for each airport, which includes CIPs such as runway rehabilitation, hangar construction, terminal improvements, etc. In addition, businesses and government organizations on the airports and off-airport near Rickenbacker International Airport undertake additional CIPs. These projects employ construction workers, architects, engineers, and consultants. 3-10

43 The following methodology was used to estimate construction impacts: CIP data for was gathered from the CRAA, on-airport tenants, and off-airport, nonaviation-related businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. CIP data for the period was averaged to avoid showing peaks or troughs in construction activity. The IMPLAN model indicates that every $1 million spent annually on construction activity supports approximately 8.3 construction-related jobs in Ohio. These jobs include construction workers, equipment operators, foremen, engineers, architects, and managers. Study Multipliers Multiplier Impacts Employment, payroll, and output impacts derived from on-airport businesses and government organizations, visitors, and off-airport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port comprise direct economic impacts. As these impacts enter the economy, they circulate among other sectors, creating multiplier impacts of additional spending beyond the direct impacts. Multiplier impacts arise from various interdependencies within an economic system. For example, the operation of an airport requires inputs in the form of supplies, equipment, and maintenance. These inputs generate a boost in sales for those businesses providing these services and products. Moreover, the goods and services themselves require inputs for their production. The process continues as a large number of impacts re-circulate through the economy. The total requirement for goods and services is the multiple of the initial needs of the airports considered in this analysis; hence it is referred to using the term multiplier. Multiplier impacts were derived from the IMPLAN model. The multipliers used in this study were developed specifically to measure the economic impacts that occur within different sectors of the Ohio economy. Table 3-2 summarizes the multipliers used for modeling the impacts of on-airport activities, visitor spending, and off-airport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. 3-11

44 Table 3-2 Ohio IMPLAN Multipliers by Economy Sector Economy Sector Employment Multiplier Payroll Multiplier Output Multiplier On-Airport Tenants Government Construction CIP (Note 1) Concessions (Note 2) Aviation (Note 3) Commercial Service Visitor Expenditures (Note 4) General Aviation Visitor Expenditures (Note 4) Off-Airport Businesses Near Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal (Note 5) Freight Forwarder/Distribution Center (Note 6) Manufacturing/Production Business (Note 7) Business Support Services Provider (Note 8) Construction CIP (Note 1) Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Note 1: Construction multipliers are the weighted average of the Construct Other New Nonresidential Structures; Maintenance and Repair of Nonresidential Structures; and Architectural Engineering and Related Services multipliers. Note 2: Concessions multipliers are the weighted average of the Food Services and Drinking Places; Business Support Services; and Miscellaneous Retail Store multipliers. Note 3: Aviation multipliers are the weighted average of the Transport by Air; Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; and Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Repair and Maintenance multipliers. Note 4: Visitor expenditures multipliers are the weighted average of the Food Services and Drinking Places; Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing; Hotels and Motels; and Miscellaneous Retail Store multipliers. Weightings were different for commercial service and general aviation visitor multipliers to reflect the difference in their spending habits. Note 5: Intermodal Terminal multipliers are the average of the Transport by Truck and Transport by Rail multipliers. Note 6: Freight Forwarder/Distribution Center multipliers are the average of the Transport by Truck and Warehousing and Storage multipliers Note 7: Manufacturing/Production Business multipliers are the average of the Printing; Warehousing and Storage; Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; and Paperboard Container Manufacturing multipliers Note 8: Business Support Services Provider multipliers are the average of the Employment Services; Office Administrative Services; and Business Support Services multipliers. While these economic sector groupings do not cover all on-airport, visitor, and off-airport impact categories, they do provide a representative average for generating multipliers that were used to estimate impacts in this study. For example, $100 in direct expenditures (output) in the aviation sector supports a total output impact equivalent to $173. In this example, the multiplier impacts would be $73 ($173 minus $100). This methodology was applied to each of the CRAA s airports and generated estimates of total employment, annual payroll, and annual output/spending associated with each airport. Summary This chapter presented the methodology used to estimate the economic impacts of Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport. The total 3-12

45 economic impact of each airport is quantified in terms of employment, payroll, and output for three aviation-dependent groups: on-airport businesses and government organizations; visitors traveling to the Columbus region via commercial airlines; and visitors traveling to the region via general aviation aircraft. The total economic impact of Rickenbacker International Airport is also presented in terms of a fourth group comprised of off-airport, non-aviation-related businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. The impacts for each of these groups are discussed as direct impacts (onairport, visitor-related, and off-airport), multiplier impacts, and total impacts. By following this methodology, estimates of total employment, annual payroll, and annual output/spending associated with each airport were developed. 3-13

46

47 Chapter 4: Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts for CRAA Airports Introduction The Columbus Regional Airport Authority s (CRAA) airports help to accommodate the needs of Central Ohio business travelers and leisure visitors. The airports themselves are also significant generators of economic activity, helping to support jobs, payroll, and output for the local economy. This chapter describes the economic impacts associated with employment, annual payroll, and total annual economic activity (output) for Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport. This chapter also provides a general overview of the CRAA s airports in order to provide context for the economic impacts presented. Airport Locations and History Port Columbus International Airport occupies a 2,271-acre site located approximately six miles northeast of downtown Columbus. The airport is conveniently located near several major highways, including Interstate 270, which bounds the airport to the north and east, and Interstate 670 and Interstate 71, which are located one and five miles to the west, respectively. Aviation services provided at the airport include passenger airline service, corporate aviation activity, general aviation, and air cargo. Port Columbus International Airport opened in 1929 as a stop on the first transcontinental air and rail service from New York to the West Coast. A total of 14 daily flights were occurring from the airport by By 1952, airline service had grown, which required a runway extension from 4,500 feet to 8,000 feet. A terminal building was constructed in The airport became known as Port Columbus International Airport in 1965 with the establishment of a U.S. Customs facility. In 1991, operation of Port Columbus International Airport was transferred from the City of Columbus to the Columbus Airport Authority. In 2003, the Columbus Airport Authority and the Rickenbacker Port Authority merged to form the new CRAA. Significant construction projects have recently been completed or initiated at the airport, including a new state-of-the-art airport traffic control tower which opened in 2004, a new cross-over taxiway connecting the north and south runways at the western end of the airfield which opened in 2008, and a new I-670/International Gateway Interchange which opened in Currently, the CRAA is in the process of constructing a new south runway to replace the airport s existing south runway. The replacement runway is expected to open in Rickenbacker International Airport is located approximately 11 miles south of downtown Columbus in southern Franklin County. The airport occupies a 4,120-acre site situated near several major highways. Interstate 71 is located eight miles to the west, while Interstate 270 and Interstate 70 are located three and eight miles to the north, respectively. The airport supports aviation activities including air cargo, passenger service, general aviation, and military operations. 4-1

48 In 1942, Rickenbacker International Airport opened following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in Known as Lockbourne Army Air Base at the time and later as Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base, the airport has evolved into a world-class logistics hub as the result of a strategic initiative. The Rickenbacker Port Authority (RPA) and the United States Government entered into a joint use agreement and lease in January Under this agreement, RPA was authorized to permit civil aircraft to use the airfield and agreed to assume responsibility for airfield operation and maintenance in October In 1985, the first development occurred under the joint use agreement when an air cargo hub and bulk sorting facility was established for Flying Tigers. 4 Flying Tigers was sold to Federal Express in 1989 and the majority of their operations moved elsewhere. 5 To encourage development, the RPA established Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138 in As explained previously, the RPA merged with the Columbus Airport Authority in 2003 to form the CRAA. Since the merger, two major milestones in the airport s history have included the construction and opening of the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal southwest of the airport and the opening of the upgraded Heartland Corridor in The Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal is a facility serving as a point where goods can be transferred from trains to trucks or vice versa. The terminal is the midpoint of the Heartland Corridor, a high speed, high capacity double-stack container rail route connecting Norfolk, Virginia, Columbus, Ohio, and Chicago, Illinois. Originally, the Heartland Corridor was a single-stack rail line that consisted of longer routes to avoid tunnels in the Appalachian Mountains and other obstructions that prevented double-stack containers. 8 After three years of construction to remove these obstructions, a revamped Heartland Corridor has doubled its capacity in a lane that reduces rail transit time from Norfolk to Chicago from four days to three and decreases travel distance by approximately 250 miles. 9 Lastly, Bolton Field Airport occupies a 1,454-acre site located approximately nine miles southwest of downtown Columbus in southwest Franklin County. Several major highways exist near the airport, including Interstate 70, located five miles to the north, and Interstate 270, located two miles to the northeast. Bolton Field Airport serves primarily corporate aircraft and light aircraft. Bolton Field Airport, named after long-time Port Columbus International Airport Superintendent Francis Jack Bolton, was constructed in 1970 to handle general aviation (GA) operations and serve as a reliever airport to Port Columbus. The airport is one of two GA reliever airports recognized in the Norfolk Southern Opens Heartland Corridor, September 9, 2010, Railway Gazette International. 9 New Thinking, New Resolve, and New Optimism Characterize Official Opening of Norfolk Southern s Heartland Corridor, September 9, 2010, 4-2

49 Federal Aviation Administration s (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems in the Columbus region and one of 12 in Ohio. Recent capital improvement projects at the airport have included replacement of the airfield/navaid emergency generator in 2009 and 2010 and AWOS upgrades in A project involving conversion of the airfield lighting to light-emitting diode (LED) technology is scheduled to occur in Airport Overview Port Columbus International Airport Port Columbus International Airport accommodated 135,374 aircraft operations in 2011 and is home to 83 based aircraft. The airport s airfield consists of two parallel 150-foot wide runways, both oriented at 10/28, and associated taxiways and ramps. Runway 10L/28R measures 8,000 feet, while Runway 10R/28L measures 10,125 feet. Separation between the runways is approximately 2,800 feet. A new runway measuring 10,113 feet in length will replace Runway 10R/28L in 2013, at a separation distance of 3,502 feet. In existing and future conditions, both ends of 10L/28R and 10R/28L are equipped with instrument landing systems and medium-intensity approach lighting systems with runway alignment indicator lights. An airport traffic control tower (ATCT) staffed by the FAA operates on a 24-hour basis and directs arrivals, departures, and ground movements at the airport. The terminal building at Port Columbus International Airport accommodated nearly 6.4 million passengers in 2011 and consists of three concourses and 33 gates. As of November 2012, Southwest Airlines and AirTran Airways operate from Concourse A. United Airlines, US Airways, American Airlines, and Air Canada operate out of Concourse B, the airport s largest, while Delta Air Lines operates from Concourse C. A variety of food and retail concessions operate in the terminal building. Construction of the terminal building was completed in The terminal has undergone a number of renovations and expansions, with the latest occurring in In 2011, construction of a $35 million in-line baggage screening system was completed. The new system eliminates the need for passengers to walk their checked baggage to a security screening location in the ticketing lobby, while freeing Transportation Security Administration personnel to monitor other areas of the terminal building. 10 Short- and long-term parking for passengers as well as rental car facilities are provided in a six-level parking garage. The parking garage is connected to the terminal building by an underground walkway. Additional long-term parking is available with shuttle service to the terminal building. 10 New Screening System at Port Columbus Means Passengers Won t Carry Bags to TSA Scanners, The Columbus Dispatch, November 11,

50 Major On-Airport Tenants Seven passenger airlines currently operate at Port Columbus International Airport, providing nonstop service to 32 cities with over 140 daily flights. These include: 11 Air Canada AirTran Airways American Airlines Delta Air Lines Southwest Airlines United Airlines US Airways In addition to these airlines, several charter and cargo airlines operate at the airport. Other major tenants include: NetJets NetJets transformed private aviation in 1986 when it introduced the concept of fractional jet ownership. A Berkshire Hathaway Company, NetJets is the largest private jet operator in the world, has its world headquarters at Port Columbus, and is the largest tenant at the airport. NetJets facilities are located on the airport s North Airfield and consist of a 200,000-square-foot operations center that opened in 2000 connected by an elevated walkway to a new 140,000-square-foot headquarters building that opened adjacent to the operations center in NetJets moved to the operations center at Port Columbus after vacating a 130,000-square-foot space located off airport property near Easton Town Center. Lane Aviation Lane Aviation is a fixed base operator (FBO) founded in Its facilities are located southwest of the main terminal building and are accessible from International Gateway. Both general aviation and airline services are provided. General aviation services include aircraft fueling, hangars, aircraft sales, charter services, aircraft maintenance, and parts support. Airline services include fueling, deicing, ground handling, and ground support equipment and repair. Lane s hangars are capable of accommodating aircraft ranging in size from small single-engine aircraft to large business jets. The charter department operates a King Air 350, Cessna Citation V Ultra, and a Bombardier Challenger 300. Landmark Aviation Located at the Columbus International Air Center on the south side of Port Columbus, Landmark Aviation is an FBO that serves the corporate and general aviation needs of the airport. Services include fueling, ground handling, aircraft maintenance, catering, quick turn service, and concierge services. Amenities include a passenger lobby, 73,000- square-foot hangar, pilot lounge, and an executive conference room. 11 In 2011, Frontier Airlines and Continental Airlines also operated at the airport. Frontier ceased operations at the airport in June 2012, while Continental officially merged with United Airlines in November

51 Republic Airways Holdings Republic Airways Holdings, whose subsidiaries operate flights under airline brands such as American Connection, Delta Connection, United Express, and US Airways Express, maintains an operations and maintenance base at Port Columbus. The airport is one of Republic Airways six major employment centers in the United States, with personnel based in Columbus including pilots, flight attendants, ticket agents, ground support workers, aircraft mechanics, and management staff. A 140,000-square-foot aircraft maintenance and repair facility is located at the Columbus International Air Center. American Eagle Airlines Maintenance American Eagle Airlines operates an aircraft maintenance and repair station at Port Columbus. Located at the Columbus International Air Center, the facility is one of the airline s five maintenance and repair stations in the United States. Flight Safety International Flight Safety International is the world s leading flight training company with 40 Learning Centers in the United States, Canada, France, and the United Kingdom. The Learning Center at Port Columbus is located at the southeast corner of the airport and uses eight flight simulators to provide training to pilots and pilots-to-be. Flight Safety International is a NetJets sister company. Corporate Aviation Several local corporations use Port Columbus International Airport to base their corporate jets, including Limited Brands, Scotts Miracle-Gro, Nationwide Insurance Company, LabCorp, Abercrombie & Fitch, American Electric Power, Bob Evans Farms, Battelle, and Columbus Blue Jackets, among others. Figure 4-1 identifies the locations of select on-airport tenants. 4-5

52 Figure 4-1 Major On-Airport Tenants Port Columbus International Airport, 2011 Source: CDM Smith and Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airport Overview Rickenbacker International Airport Rickenbacker International Airport consists of a mixture of aviation services including air cargo, military and passenger (at a dedicated terminal), as well as rail and trucking activities. Home to 91 based aircraft, the airport accommodated 39,424 aircraft operations in 2011 and handled nearly million pounds of cargo. The airfield is comprised of two runways oriented 5/23 with associated taxiways. Runway 5R/23L is 12,102 feet long and 200 feet wide, while Runway 5L/23R is 11,902 feet long and 150 feet wide. Both ends of 5R/23L are equipped with instrument landing systems, with the 5R end featuring a Category II instrument landing system for all-weather landing capabilities. The 5R end has a high-intensity approach lighting system with centerline sequenced flashing lights, while the 23L end has a medium-intensity approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lights. The 5L end of Runway 5L/23R has an instrument landing system and a medium-intensity approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lights. The 23R end is equipped with runway end identifier lights. An airport traffic control tower (ATCT) staffed by Dynamic Science, Inc., a Department of Defense contractor, operates on a 24-hour basis and directs arrivals, departures, and ground movements at the airport. The Rickenbacker Charter Terminal is a 43,000-square-foot, twogate terminal building developed to meet the charter needs of Central Ohio travelers. The Charter Terminal opened in 2003 and has proven to be a favorite among leisure travelers due to its convenience. Several airlines have conducted scheduled charter operations at Rickenbacker since the Charter Terminal opened, 4-6

53 including Southeast Airlines, Hooters Air, and Direct Air, among others. Direct Air operated at the airport in 2011, but ceased operations nationwide in The Charter Terminal accommodated nearly 15,000 passengers in Vision Airlines provides seasonal non-stop service from Rickenbacker to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Allegiant Air started year-round, non-stop service from Rickenbacker to Orlando, Florida in October Major On-Airport Tenants Major on-airport tenants at Rickenbacker International Airport include the following: Air Cargo Air cargo operations comprise a significant portion of aviation activities at Rickenbacker International Airport. The bulk of air cargo activity is generated by based integrated-express and all-cargo carriers that utilize the airport as a gateway for both domestic and international shipments. Air cargo volume peaked at Rickenbacker in 2006 when more than million pounds of cargo was processed. Since 2006, air cargo volume has decreased each year due to the economic downturn that began in late 2007 and shippers selections of alternate airports and modes of transportation. Rickenbacker s primary air cargo carriers include FedEx, UPS, Evergreen, AirNet Systems, and Kalitta Air, with FedEx having the largest market share of cargo activity. 12 FedEx has a regional hub at the airport. It should be noted that AirNet Systems was located at Port Columbus International Airport when the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study was conducted in Since the completion of that study, AirNet Systems has relocated to Rickenbacker International Airport. AirNet s freight hub, however, is no longer located in Columbus, but the cargo operator still maintains its headquarters and aircraft maintenance hangar at Rickenbacker. In addition to air cargo carriers, several air freight forwarding businesses are located on the airport. On-Airport Military Bases The United States military maintains a significant presence at Rickenbacker International Airport. The largest of the military tenants at the airport is the Ohio Air National Guard s 121st Air Refueling Wing (ARW). The 121st ARW is comprised of two squadrons, the 145th Air Refueling Squadron (ARS) and the 166th ARS, and is one of three super wings in the Air National Guard. The 121st ARW s missions include providing timely worldwide air refueling, airlift, and support forces of the United States military using KC-135 Stratotankers; protecting life and property, preserving peace, order, and public safety for Ohio; and participating in local, state, and national programs that add value to the American community. The Army Reserve National Guard s (ARNG) 1-137th Assault Helicopter Battalion operates two Army Aviation Support Facilities (AASFs) in Ohio. AASF No. 1 is located in North Canton and AASF No. 2 is located at Rickenbacker. The ARNG at AASF No. 2 flies UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters in support of their slogan, Maintaining Freedom. 12 The Rickenbacker Initiative, Brad McAllister, Airport Business, October

54 The Naval Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve are located in the consolidated Navy and Marine Corps Reserve Center (NMCRC) at Rickenbacker. Construction of the $10 million facility was completed in Over 1,000 Navy and Marine Corps Reservists are stationed at the NMCRC. Figure 4-2 identifies the locations of select on-airport tenants. Figure 4-2 Major On-Airport Tenants Rickenbacker International Airport, 2011 Source: CDM Smith and Columbus Regional Airport Authority Airport Environs In addition to the businesses and government organizations located on Rickenbacker International Airport, this study also estimated the employment, payroll, and output impacts supported by offairport, non-aviation-related businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. Rickenbacker International Airport is situated in the center of the Rickenbacker Inland Port, a highspeed, multi-modal logistics hub developed through years of planning, collaboration, building infrastructure, and anticipating industry needs. The Rickenbacker Inland Port boasts several assets that include: a cargo-dedicated airport with 130 acres of uncongested ramp space, a hydrant fueling system ideal for large aircraft, and more than 200,000 square feet of air cargo facility space; proximity to two major national rail lines that ship goods from the East Coast to the Midwest; the state-of-the-art Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal; an exceptional geographic location in the heart 4-8

55 of the Ohio Valley Region that is within 500 miles of 48 percent of the U.S. population; easy access to major highways; and an established base of importers, exporters, and logistics providers. 13 The Rickenbacker Inland Port is the result of a strategy developed following the merger of the RPA and the Columbus Airport Authority in 2003 to make Rickenbacker International Airport, which had been subsidized by Franklin County, self-sufficient. Under CRAA stewardship, Rickenbacker Inland Port serves as an international logistics center aimed at enhancing economic growth for Central Ohio. 14 This study focused on the economic impacts supported by off-airport businesses located in the following zones within the Rickenbacker Inland Port: Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal As previously described, the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal is a facility serving as a point where goods can be transferred from trains to trucks or vice versa. Located at the southwest end of Rickenbacker International Airport, the $65 million terminal opened in The terminal occupies approximately 175 acres and can handle more than 250,000 containers and trailers annually. As traffic volumes grow, an additional 125 acres of land are available to expand the terminal s cargo capacity to 400,000 containers and trailers annually. Containers handled at the terminal carry cargo ranging from retail products such as clothing and furniture to raw materials such as bulk agricultural products. An estimated 85 percent of the container traffic moving through the terminal is international. 15 Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138 A Foreign-Trade Zone (FTZ) is a site within the United States that is operated as a public venture located in or adjacent to a port of entry. It is considered outside of U.S. Customs territory. Any foreign and domestic material or merchandise may be moved into a FTZ without being subject to U.S. Customs duties. While in the FTZ, merchandise may be stored, manufactured, repackaged, exhibited or combined with domestic goods to qualify for a lower duty. Duties can, therefore, be deferred until the merchandise leaves the FTZ and enters U.S. territory for domestic consumption. If merchandise is exported to a foreign destination, no Customs duty is levied. Through reduced or eliminated duty and consolidated Customs entries, a level playing field is created with international competitors. The CRAA is the grantee of FTZ No. 138, which serves a 25-county area in Central Ohio. Nearly $1.2 billion in international and domestic products passed through FTZ No. 138 in For purposes of this study, only those businesses utilizing the FTZ within the Rickenbacker Inland Port were included in the economic impact analysis. 13 Moving at the Speed of Demand, Logistically Speaking, Columbus Regional Airport Authority, Winter The Rickenbacker Initiative, Brad McAllister, Airport Business, October Marks Third Year of Operations for Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, Logistically Speaking, Columbus Regional Airport Authority, Spring Foreign-Trade Zone #138 Announces 2011 Admissions Volume, Logistically Speaking, Columbus Regional Airport Authority, Summer

56 Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park The Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park (RGLP) is a master-planned 1,576-acre area of prime industrial land surrounding Rickenbacker International Airport and the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal. Comprised of five campuses that include the Gateway Campus, North Campus, Rail Campus, Air Cargo Campus, and Intermodal Campus, the RGLP will eventually include over 28 million square feet of industrial development and is a key part of the CRAA s strategy to make Rickenbacker International Airport self-sufficient. 17 To develop the RGLP, the CRAA formed a partnership with Duke Realty Corporation and Capitol Square, Ltd. during development of the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal. The partnership has developed, leased and sold more than $10.1 million of buildings and land since Figure 4-3 identifies these zones within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. 17 The Rickenbacker Initiative, Brad McAllister, Airport Business, October Comprehensive Annual Financial Report For the Year Ended December 31, 2011, Columbus Regional Airport Authority. 4-10

57 Figure 4-3 Rickenbacker Inland Port Zones, 2011 Source: CDM Smith and Columbus Regional Airport Authority 4-11

58 Airport Overview Bolton Field Airport Bolton Field Airport is served by one runway oriented 4/22 with a full length parallel taxiway. The runway measures 5,500 feet long by 100 feet wide. Runway 4 is equipped with an instrument landing system, a medium-intensity approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lights, and a visual glideslope indicator. Runway 22 is outfitted with runway end identifier lights and a visual glideslope indicator. The airport accommodated 20,927 aircraft operations in 2011 and is home to 82 based aircraft. An FAA contract airport traffic control tower (ATCT) staffed by Midwest Air Traffic Control provides service daily from 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Bolton Field Airport s 5,900-square-foot terminal houses the ATCT and Capital City Jet Center, the airport s FBO. Terminal facilities include a pilot lounge, flight planning area, and conference room. Aircraft storage at the airport is provided via 90 T-hangars and 70 paved tie-down spaces. Major On-Airport Tenants Major on-airport tenants at Bolton Field Airport include the following: Capital City Jet Center Capital City Jet Center provides a full complement of FBO services, including fueling, aircraft parking, aircraft maintenance, air charter, aircraft management, flight training, and aircraft rental. Columbus State Community College The Columbus State Community College (CSCC) has been providing training in aviation maintenance since The Aviation Maintenance Technology facility is located at the Columbus State Southwest Center at Bolton Field Airport. The college s fleet of single- and multi-engine, reciprocating, and turbine-powered aircraft are housed in a 10,000-square-foot hangar. CSCC students are provided hands-on experience in an airport environment. JP s Barbeque Ribs and Chicken Located adjacent to the terminal, JP's Barbeque Ribs and Chicken restaurant provides an award-winning full-service lunch and dinner menu enjoyed by locals and visitors. Voted in Plane & Pilot magazine in 2009 as Pilot Choices: Best Airport Eateries, the restaurant has a large outdoor patio that overlooks the airfield and also offers catering services for larger affairs. Figure 4-4 identifies the locations of these on-airport tenants. 4-12

59 Figure 4-4 Major On-Airport Tenants Bolton Field Airport, 2011 Source: CDM Smith and Columbus Regional Airport Authority Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts for CRAA Airports Employment, payroll, and output impacts of the CRAA s airports were identified for on-airport private businesses and government organizations, visitors arriving via commercial service airlines and general aviation aircraft, and in the case of Rickenbacker International Airport, off-airport, non- 4-13

60 aviation-related businesses located in zones including the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138, and the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park. This study also considered spending for capital improvement projects (CIPs) that make significant contributions to on-airport and off-airport (Rickenbacker only) employment, payroll, and output. This section presents the results of the analysis. On-Airport Tenants In 2011, there were over 115 businesses and government organizations with on-airport employees at Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport. In order to preserve the confidentiality of the individual respondents and to aid in the discussion of the employment, payroll, and output impacts for on-airport tenants, the tenant impacts were grouped together by function. The general categories used to summarize the activities of on-airport tenants at each airport are as follows: Aviation (airlines, air cargo operators, FBOs, corporate flight departments, etc.) Concessions (hotels, restaurants, retail, automobile rental, parking, etc.) Government (CRAA, FAA, Transportation Security Administration, etc.) Construction Direct Impacts Direct impacts supported by on-airport tenants at Port Columbus International Airport include 5,566 jobs earning more than $283.5 million in wages, with an annual output of nearly $1.3 billion. On-airport tenants at Rickenbacker International Airport supported direct impacts of 2,518 jobs, more than $165.1 million in annual payroll, and more than $473.0 million in annual output. Bolton Field Airport tenants supported direct impacts of 47 jobs, nearly $1.4 million in annual payroll, and more than $5.9 million in annual output. Tables 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 present the 2011 direct employment, payroll, and output impacts related to on-airport businesses and government organizations at the CRAA s airports, as described above. 4-14

61 Multiplier Impacts Table 4-1 On-Airport Tenants Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 On-Airport Tenant Category Employment Payroll Output Aviation 3,135 $174,878,000 $924,045,000 Concessions 1,021 $27,499,000 $152,397,000 Government 746 $54,211,000 $122,653,000 Construction 664 $26,958,000 $79,869,000 Total Direct Impacts 5,566 $283,546,000 $1,278,964,000 Source: CDM Smith Table 4-2 On-Airport Tenants Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 On-Airport Tenant Category Employment Payroll Output Aviation 523 $28,783,000 $135,641,000 Concessions 15 $317,000 $1,089,000 Government (Note 1) 1,750 $126,709,000 $308,681,000 Construction 230 $9,338,000 $27,618,000 Total Direct Impacts 2,518 $165,147,000 $473,029,000 Note 1: Includes military impacts totaling 1,676 jobs, $121.5 million in annual payroll, and $292.3 million in annual output. Source: CDM Smith Table 4-3 On-Airport Tenants Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 On-Airport Tenant Category Employment Payroll Output Aviation/Concessions (Note 1) 38 $883,000 $4,088,000 Government 6 $378,000 $1,519,000 Construction 3 $122,000 $328,000 Total Direct Impacts 47 $1,383,000 $5,935,000 Note 1: Aviation and Concessions are combined to protect tenant data confidentiality. Source: CDM Smith Multiplier impacts are the employment, payroll, and output impacts created by ripple effects stemming from the direct impacts supported by on-airport tenants at the CRAA s airports. For example, an employee of a fuel distributor may owe a portion of his job to an airport since the distributor sells fuel to an FBO at one of CRAA s airports. As a result of on-airport tenant activity, additional multiplier employment is created. Multiplier impacts associated with on-airport tenants at Port Columbus International Airport accounted for 6,222 jobs in the Columbus region; these employees received approximately $198.3 million in annual payroll. Annual output associated with 4-15

62 on-airport tenants was approximately $1.0 billion. These multiplier impacts are shown by category in Table 4-4. Table 4-4 On-Airport Tenants Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 On-Airport Tenant Category Employment Payroll Output Aviation 4,662 $121,827,000 $670,701,000 Concessions 378 $20,332,000 $134,986,000 Government 544 $31,240,000 $121,206,000 Construction 638 $24,866,000 $74,848,000 Total Multiplier Impacts 6,222 $198,265,000 $1,001,741,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Multiplier impacts supported by on-airport tenants at Rickenbacker International Airport include 2,280 jobs earning more than $101.9 million in annual payroll and an annual output of more than $430.3 million. Table 4-5 shows details of these impacts. Table 4-5 On-Airport Tenants Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 On-Airport Tenant Category Employment Payroll Output Aviation 777 $20,051,000 $98,453,000 Concessions 5 $235,000 $965,000 Government (Note 1) 1,277 $73,020,000 $305,038,000 Construction 221 $8,613,000 $25,882,000 Total Multiplier Impacts 2,280 $101,919,000 $430,338,000 Note 1: Includes military impacts totaling 1,223 jobs, $70.0 million in annual payroll, and $288.9 million in annual output. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Multiplier impacts associated with on-airport tenants at Bolton Field Airport accounted for 51 jobs in the Columbus region; these employees earned approximately $949,000 in annual payroll. Annual output associated with on-airport tenants was more than $4.8 million. These multiplier impacts are presented in Table

63 Total Impacts Table 4-6 On-Airport Tenants Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 On-Airport Tenant Category Employment Payroll Output Aviation/Concessions 44 $618,000 $3,018,000 Government Organizations 4 $218,000 $1,501,000 Construction 3 $113,000 $307,000 Total Multiplier Impacts 51 $949,000 $4,826,000 * Aviation and Concessions are combined to protect tenant data confidentiality. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers For 2011, the total annual output (including direct and multiplier impacts) supported by on-airport tenants at Port Columbus International Airport was nearly $2.3 billion. Total employment related to these businesses and government organizations was an estimated 11,788 jobs, with a total annual payroll of approximately $481.8 million. Table 4-7 summarizes the 2011 total employment, payroll, and output impacts supported by all on-airport tenants at Port Columbus International Airport. Table 4-7 On-Airport Tenants Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 On-Airport Tenant Category Employment Payroll Output Aviation 7,797 $296,705,000 $1,594,746,000 Concessions 1,399 $47,831,000 $287,383,000 Government 1,290 $85,451,000 $243,859,000 Construction 1,302 $51,824,000 $154,717,000 Total Impacts 11,788 $481,811,000 $2,280,705,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Table 4-8 shows the total 2011 on-airport tenant impacts at Rickenbacker International Airport. The airport s businesses and government organizations supported an estimated 4,798 jobs, with a total annual payroll of nearly $267.1 million. These businesses and government organizations supported nearly $903.4 million in annual output in

64 Table 4-8 On-Airport Tenants Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 On-Airport Tenant Category Employment Payroll Output Aviation 1,300 $48,834,000 $234,094,000 Concessions 20 $552,000 $2,054,000 Government (Note 1) 3,027 $199,729,000 $613,719,000 Construction 451 $17,951,000 $53,500,000 Total Impacts 4,798 $267,066,000 $903,367,000 Note 1: Includes military impacts totaling 2,899 jobs, $191.5 million in annual payroll, and $581.2 million in annual output. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers The total annual output supported by on-airport tenants at Bolton Field Airport in 2011 was nearly $10.8 million. Total employment related to these businesses and government organizations was an estimated 98 jobs, with a total annual payroll of approximately $2.3 million. Table 4-9 summarizes the 2011 total employment, payroll, and output impacts supported by the on-airport tenants at Bolton Field Airport. Table 4-9 On-Airport Tenants Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 On-Airport Tenant Category Employment Payroll Output Aviation/Concessions (Note 1) 82 $1,501,000 $7,106,000 Government 10 $596,000 $3,020,000 Construction 6 $235,000 $635,000 Total Impacts 98 $2,332,000 $10,761,000 Note 1: Aviation and Concessions are combined to protect tenant data confidentiality. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Commercial Service Visitors Economic impacts of commercial service visitors stem from their spending while in the Columbus region. Both Port Columbus International Airport and Rickenbacker International Airport supported commercial airline service in This section presents the employment, payroll, and output impacts associated with commercial service visitor spending at both airports. Direct Impacts In 2011, Port Columbus International Airport passenger traffic was ranked by Airports Council International as the 49 th busiest in the United States. According to U.S. Department of Transportation data, an estimated 41 percent of the nearly 3.2 million enplaning passengers at the airport in 2011 were visitors to the Columbus region. Survey data from JobsOhio s Ohio Commercial Service Airports Economic Impact Study prepared by CDM Smith indicates that these 4-18

65 visitors spend an average of $674 per person per trip for lodging, food, retail, and entertainment. Applying these averages to the airport s approximately 3.2 million enplanements in 2011 results in the figures shown in Table The estimated 1.3 million visitors to the region spent approximately $881.5 million in the local economy in Since automobile rental and on-airport hotel impacts were assessed as on-airport tenant impacts, it was necessary to subtract this portion of the visitor expenditures from the visitor impact total. The expenditure (output), employment, and payroll impacts for on-airport automobile rental and hotel businesses were subtracted from the estimated region-wide direct commercial service visitor data ($881.5 million) to avoid double counting Enplaned Passengers Table 4-10 Commercial Service Visitor Expenditures Estimate PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Percent Visitors Visitors Spending per Visitor Visitor Expenditures 3,190,068 41% 1,307,928 $674 $881,543,000 Source: CDM Smith, CRAA records, and U.S. Department of Transportation After adjusting for on-airport automobile rental and hotel revenues, commercial service visitors at Port Columbus International Airport supported direct impacts totaling more than $788.5 million in annual output and 13,117 jobs with an annual payroll more than $293.7 million. Table 4-11 summarizes the employment, payroll, and output impacts for commercial service visitors at Port Columbus International Airport in Table 4-11 Commercial Service Visitors Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output Commercial Service Visitors (Note 1) 13,117 $293,707,000 $788,548,000 Note 1: Impacts supported by automobile rental and hotel expenditures removed to avoid double-counting. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers In 2011, the scheduled commercial airline flights operated by Direct Air at Rickenbacker International Airport provided low cost access for passengers to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. 19 In 2011, 7,541 passengers enplaned aircraft at the airport. 20 It is estimated that of these passengers, 95 percent were residents of Central Ohio traveling to Myrtle Beach, a popular resort destination. The remaining 5 percent were visitors to Columbus who traveled from Myrtle Beach to conduct business or visit friends and family. Passenger surveys conducted in 2004 for the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study revealed that passengers visiting the Columbus region via Rickenbacker spent $212 per person per trip for lodging, food, retail, and entertainment. This expenditure per visitor was inflated to $250 for this study using the Consumer Price Index. Applying these averages to the airport s 7,541 enplanements in 2011 results in the figures shown in Table The estimated 377 visitors to the region spent approximately $94,000 in the local economy in Miami Air and Sun Country, two non-scheduled charter airlines, also operated charter flights at Rickenbacker International Airport in The economic impacts tied to these airlines are included in the FBO s economic impacts. 20 Business Development and Communications Department, Columbus Regional Airport Authority 4-19

66 2011 Enplaned Passengers Table 4-12 Commercial Service Visitor Expenditures Estimate RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Percent Visitors Visitors Spending per Visitor Visitor Expenditures 7,541 5% 377 $250 $94,000 Source: CDM Smith, CRAA records, and Regional Airports Economic Impact Study As shown in Table 4-13, commercial service visitors at Rickenbacker International Airport supported direct impacts totaling $94,000 in annual output and one job with an annual payroll of $23,000. Table 4-13 Commercial Service Visitors Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output Commercial Service Visitors 1 $23,000 $94,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Because Bolton Field Airport does not support commercial service activity, there are no calculations of direct impacts associated with commercial service visitors for that airport. Multiplier Impacts Multiplier impacts were calculated using IMPLAN multipliers. For Port Columbus International Airport, multiplier impacts accounted for 8,464 jobs earning nearly $283.2 million in annual payroll and supported nearly $643.2 million in annual output (see Table 4-14). Table 4-14 Commercial Service Visitors Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output Commercial Service Visitors (Note 1) 8,464 $283,158,000 $643,159,000 Note 1: Impacts supported by automobile rental and hotel expenditures removed to avoid double-counting. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Multiplier impacts at Rickenbacker International Airport accounted for one job with an annual payroll of $22,000. Annual output is estimated at $77,000 (see Table 4-15). Table 4-15 Commercial Service Visitors Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output Commercial Service Visitors 1 $22,000 $77,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers 4-20

67 Because Bolton Field Airport does not support commercial service activity, there are no calculations of multiplier impacts associated with commercial service visitors for that airport. Total Impacts When direct and multiplier impacts are combined, the total employment supported by commercial service visitors using Port Columbus International Airport in 2011 was 21,581 jobs with a total annual payroll approaching $576.9 million. The total annual output impact supported by commercial service visitors was estimated at more than $1.4 billion. These impacts are shown in Table Table 4-16 Commercial Service Visitors Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output Commercial Service Visitors (Note 1) 21,581 $576,865,000 $1,431,707,000 Note 1: Impacts supported by automobile rental and hotel expenditures removed to avoid double-counting. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Commercial service visitors arriving at Rickenbacker International Airport in 2011 supported a total of two jobs with an annual payroll of $45,000. Total annual output is estimated at approximately $171,000. Table 4-17 presents these impacts. Table 4-17 Commercial Service Visitors Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output Commercial Service Visitors 2 $45,000 $171,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Because Bolton Field Airport does not support commercial service activity, there are no calculations of total impacts associated with commercial service visitors for that airport. General Aviation Visitors Similar to visitors using commercial airline service, visitors using general aviation aircraft typically spend money while visiting, thereby helping to support additional economic impacts in the Columbus region. This section discusses the employment, payroll, and output impacts supported by spending from general aviation visitors arriving in Central Ohio via Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport. 4-21

68 Direct Impacts As explained in Chapter 3, the economic activity supported by general aviation visitors was estimated using visiting pilot and passenger survey data from the CRAA s airports, data from the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study, and general aviation visitor data from similar airports located in the Midwest. In 2011, there were an estimated 24,096 itinerant general aviation aircraft operations at Port Columbus International Airport, of which an estimated 5,542 were true transient arrivals. At Rickenbacker International Airport, these figures were approximately 3,850 itinerant operations, resulting in 578 true transient arrivals. Bolton Field Airport experienced an estimated 12,216 itinerant general aviation aircraft operations with 611 true transient arrivals. These estimates of true transient arrivals were calculated using the general aviation visitor spending methodology explained in Chapter 3. Based on the survey effort and other data sources described above, the average general aviation visitor using Port Columbus International Airport spends $160 per person per trip, while at Rickenbacker International Airport and Bolton Field Airport, this figure is $110. General aviation aircraft arriving at Port Columbus International Airport carry, on average, 3.9 passengers while those arriving at Rickenbacker International Airport and Bolton Field Airport carry 3.8 and 3.3 passengers, respectively. As shown in Table 4-18, general aviation visitors at Port Columbus International Airport supported direct impacts of 60 jobs, nearly $1.4 million in annual payroll, and nearly $3.5 million in annual output in Table 4-18 General Aviation Visitors Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output General Aviation Visitors 60 $1,356,000 $3,464,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers At Rickenbacker International Airport, spending by general aviation visitors supported four jobs paying $90,000 and an estimated $241,000 in annual output (see Table 4-19). Table 4-19 General Aviation Visitors Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output General Aviation Visitors 4 $90,000 $241,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers General aviation visitors at Bolton Field Airport supported four jobs, $90,000 in annual payroll, and $221,000 in annual output, as presented in Table

69 Multiplier Impacts Table 4-20 General Aviation Visitors Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output General Aviation Visitors 4 $90,000 $221,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Multiplier impacts supported by general aviation visitor spending were estimated using IMPLAN multipliers. At Port Columbus International Airport, multiplier impacts accounted for an additional 35 jobs, more than $1.2 million in annual payroll, and over $2.8 million in annual output (see Table 4-21). Table 4-21 General Aviation Visitors Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output General Aviation Visitors 35 $1,220,000 $2,817,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers At Rickenbacker International Airport, multiplier impacts were two jobs earning $81,000, while annual output was $196,000 (see Table 4-22). Table 4-22 General Aviation Visitors Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output General Aviation Visitors 2 $81,000 $196,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers As shown in Table 4-23, multiplier impacts at Bolton Field Airport accounted for two jobs, $81,000 in annual payroll, and $180,000 in annual output. Table 4-23 General Aviation Visitors Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output General Aviation Visitors 2 $81,000 $180,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers 4-23

70 Total Impacts When direct and multiplier general aviation visitor impacts were combined, the total employment impact supported by general aviation visitors using Port Columbus International Airport was estimated at 95 jobs earning a total annual payroll of nearly $2.6 million. Output supported by general aviation visitor activity was estimated at nearly $6.3 million in 2011 (see Table 4-24). Table 4-24 General Aviation Visitors Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output General Aviation Visitors 95 $2,576,000 $6,281,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers At Rickenbacker International Airport, spending by general aviation visitors supported six jobs earning $171,000. As shown in Table 4-25, these jobs supported an annual output estimated at $437,000. Table 4-25 General Aviation Visitors Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output General Aviation Visitors 6 $171,000 $437,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers The total employment impact supported by general aviation visitors using Bolton Field Airport was estimated at six jobs earning a total annual payroll of $171,000. Output supported by general aviation visitor activity was estimated at $401,000 (see Table 4-26). Table 4-26 General Aviation Visitors Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 Employment Payroll Output General Aviation Visitors 6 $171,000 $401,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Select Off-Airport Businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port with Ties to the CRAA There were more than 40 off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port in The off-airport business impacts were grouped by function in order to preserve the confidentiality of the individual respondents and to aid in the discussion of the employment, payroll, and output impacts. The general categories used to summarize the activities of off-airport businesses are as follows: 4-24

71 Intermodal terminal Freight forwarder/distribution center Manufacturing/production business Business support services provider Construction Direct Impacts The select off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port supported direct impacts of 8,165 jobs, nearly $294.2 million in annual payroll, and more than $985.9 million in annual output. Table 4-27 presents these impacts. Multiplier Impacts Table 4-27 Select Off-Airport Businesses Direct Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INLAND PORT, 2011 Off-Airport Business Category Employment Payroll Output Intermodal Terminal 150 $6,848,000 $25,800,000 Freight Forwarder/Distribution Center 7,395 $261,921,000 $875,127,000 Manufacturing/Production Business 216 $8,927,000 $37,351,000 Business Support Services Provider 14 $648,000 $721,000 Construction 390 $15,834,000 $46,914,000 Total Direct Impacts 8,165 $294,178,000 $985,913,000 Source: CDM Smith Multiplier impacts were calculated using IMPLAN multipliers. Multiplier impacts supported by the select off-airport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port include 7,633 jobs earning nearly $221.1 million in annual payroll and an annual output of approximately $940.3 million. Table 4-28 shows details of these impacts. Table 4-28 Select Off-Airport Businesses Multiplier Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INLAND PORT, 2011 Off-Airport Business Category Employment Payroll Output Intermodal Terminal 259 $6,077,000 $23,816,000 Freight Forwarder/Distribution Center 6,750 $192,633,000 $840,084,000 Manufacturing/Production Business 240 $7,362,000 $31,650,000 Business Support Services Provider 9 $386,000 $787,000 Construction 375 $14,605,000 $43,964,000 Total Multiplier Impacts 7,633 $221,063,000 $940,301,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers 4-25

72 Total Impacts Table 4-29 shows the total 2011 impacts (including direct and multiplier impacts) of the select offairport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. The off-airport businesses supported an estimated 15,798 jobs, with a total annual payroll of more than $515.2 million. These businesses produced more than $1.9 billion in annual output in Table 4-29 Select Off-Airport Businesses Total Employment, Payroll, and Output Impacts RICKENBACKER INLAND PORT, 2011 Off-Airport Business Category Employment Payroll Output Intermodal Terminal 409 $12,925,000 $49,616,000 Freight Forwarder/Distribution Center 14,145 $454,554,000 $1,715,211,000 Manufacturing/Production Business 456 $16,289,000 $69,001,000 Business Support Services Provider 23 $1,034,000 $1,508,000 Construction 765 $30,439,000 $90,878,000 Total Impacts 15,798 $515,241,000 $1,926,214,000 Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Summary of CRAA Airports Economic Impacts This section summarizes the economic impacts presented above for the CRAA s airports. Economic impacts are summarized by airport below. Port Columbus International Airport When all 2011 economic impacts are summed for on-airport tenants, commercial service visitors, and general aviation visitors, Port Columbus International Airport: supported 33,464 jobs generated nearly $1.1 billion in annual payroll produced more than $3.7 billion in annual economic activity (output) Note that these impacts include direct and multiplier impacts. Table 4-30 summarizes the economic impacts for Port Columbus. 4-26

73 Table 4-30 Economic Impacts Summary PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Direct Impacts Multiplier Impacts Total Impacts Employment On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) 5,566 6,222 11,788 General Aviation Visitors Commercial Service Visitors 13,117 8,464 21,581 Total 18,743 14,721 33,464 Payroll On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $283,546,000 $198,265,000 $481,811,000 General Aviation Visitors $1,356,000 $1,220,000 $2,576,000 Commercial Service Visitors $293,707,000 $283,158,000 $576,865,000 Total $578,609,000 $482,643,000 $1,061,252,000 Output On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $1,278,964,000 $1,001,741,000 $2,280,705,000 General Aviation Visitors $3,464,000 $2,817,000 $6,281,000 Commercial Service Visitors $788,548,000 $643,159,000 $1,431,707,000 Total $2,070,976,000 $1,647,717,000 $3,718,693,000 Note 1: Includes associated CIP activity. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Rickenbacker International Airport When all 2011 economic impacts are summed for on-airport tenants, commercial service visitors, and general aviation visitors at Rickenbacker International Airport, the airport: supported 4,806 jobs generated nearly $267.3 million in annual payroll produced nearly $904.0 million in annual economic activity (output) These impacts include direct and multiplier impacts. If the 2011 economic impacts for Rickenbacker International Airport and the select off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port with ties to the CRAA are combined, the airport and off-airport businesses: supported 20,604 jobs generated more than $782.5 million in annual payroll produced more than $2.8 billion in annual economic activity (output) These impacts include direct and multiplier impacts. Table 4-31 summarizes the economic impacts for the airport and off-airport businesses. 4-27

74 Table 4-31 Economic Impacts Summary RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AND SELECT OFF-AIRPORT BUSINESSES WITHIN THE RICKENBACKER INLAND PORT, 2011 Direct Impacts Multiplier Impacts Total Impacts Employment On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) 2,518 2,280 4,798 General Aviation Visitors Commercial Service Visitors Airport Total 2,523 2,283 4,806 Off-Airport Businesses (Note 2) 8,165 7,633 15,798 Airport and Off-Airport Businesses Total 10,688 9,916 20,604 Payroll On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $165,147,000 $101,919,000 $267,066,000 General Aviation Visitors $90,000 $81,000 $171,000 Commercial Service Visitors $23,000 $22,000 $45,000 Airport Total $165,260,000 $102,022,000 $267,282,000 Off-Airport Businesses (Note 2) $294,178,000 $221,063,000 $515,241,000 Airport and Off-Airport Businesses Total $459,438,000 $323,085,000 $782,523,000 Output On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $473,029,000 $430,338,000 $903,367,000 General Aviation Visitors $241,000 $196,000 $437,000 Commercial Service Visitors $94,000 $77,000 $171,000 Airport Total $473,364,000 $430,611,000 $903,975,000 Off-Airport Businesses (Note 2) $985,913,000 $940,301,000 $1,926,214,000 Airport and Off-Airport Businesses Total $1,459,277,000 $1,370,912,000 $2,830,189,000 Note 1: Includes associated CIP activity. Note 2: Includes the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, businesses located within Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138 and the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park, and associated CIP activity. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Bolton Field Airport Lastly, when all 2011 economic impacts are summed for on-airport tenants and general aviation visitors, Bolton Field Airport: supported 104 jobs generated over $2.5 million in annual payroll produced nearly $11.2 million in annual economic activity (output) These impacts include direct and multiplier impacts. The summary of economic impacts for Bolton Field Airport is shown in Table

75 Table 4-32 Economic Impacts Summary BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 Direct Impacts Multiplier Impacts Total Impacts Employment On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) General Aviation Visitors Total Payroll On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $1,383,000 $949,000 $2,332,000 General Aviation Visitors $90,000 $81,000 $171,000 Total $1,473,000 $1,030,000 $2,503,000 Output On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $5,935,000 $4,826,000 $10,761,000 General Aviation Visitors $221,000 $180,000 $401,000 Total $6,156,000 $5,006,000 $11,162,000 Note 1: Includes associated CIP activity. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Combined Economic Impacts of CRAA Airports Table 4-33 combines the economic impacts shown in Tables 4-30, 4-31, and 4-32 to summarize the 2011 economic impacts of the CRAA s airports. As shown in Table 4-33, when all 2011 economic impacts for on-airport tenants, commercial service visitors, and general aviation visitors are summed, the CRAA s airports: supported 38,374 jobs generated more than $1.3 billion in annual payroll produced more than $4.6 billion in annual economic activity (output) These impacts include direct and multiplier impacts. If the economic impacts for the CRAA s airports and off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port are added, the airports and Rickenbacker off-airport businesses: supported 54,172 jobs generated more than $1.8 billion in annual payroll produced nearly $6.6 billion in annual economic activity (output) These impacts include direct and multiplier impacts. 4-29

76 Table 4-33 Combined Economic Impacts COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY AIRPORTS AND SELECT OFF-AIRPORT BUSINESSES WITHIN THE RICKENBACKER INLAND PORT, 2011 Direct Impacts Multiplier Impacts Total Impacts Employment On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) 8,131 8,553 16,684 General Aviation Visitors Commercial Service Visitors 13,118 8,465 21,583 Airports Total 21,317 17,057 38,374 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 2) 8,165 7,633 15,798 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total 29,482 24,690 54,172 Payroll On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $450,076,000 $301,133,000 $751,209,000 General Aviation Visitors $1,536,000 $1,382,000 $2,918,000 Commercial Service Visitors $293,730,000 $283,180,000 $576,910,000 Airports Total $745,342,000 $585,695,000 $1,331,037,000 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 2) $294,178,000 $221,063,000 $515,241,000 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total $1,039,520,000 $806,758,000 $1,846,278,000 Output On-Airport Tenants (Note 1) $1,757,928,000 $1,436,905,000 $3,194,833,000 General Aviation Visitors $3,926,000 $3,193,000 $7,119,000 Commercial Service Visitors $788,642,000 $643,236,000 $1,431,878,000 Airports Total $2,550,496,000 $2,083,334,000 $4,633,830,000 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 2) $985,913,000 $940,301,000 $1,926,214,000 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total $3,536,409,000 $3,023,635,000 $6,560,044,000 Note 1: Includes associated CIP activity. Note 2: Includes the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, area businesses utilizing Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138, businesses within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park, and associated CIP activity. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Table 4-34 presents the 2011 total impacts of the CRAA s airports by facility and includes the Rickenbacker off-airport businesses. 4-30

77 Table 4-34 Combined Total Impacts COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY AIRPORTS AND SELECT OFF-AIRPORT BUSINESSES WITHIN THE RICKENBACKER INLAND PORT, Employment Port Columbus International Airport 33,464 Rickenbacker International Airport 4,806 Bolton Field Airport 104 Airports Total 38,374 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 1) 15,798 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total 54,172 Payroll Port Columbus International Airport $1,061,252,000 Rickenbacker International Airport $267,282,000 Bolton Field Airport $2,503,000 Airports Total $1,331,037,000 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 1) $515,241,000 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total $1,846,278,000 Output Port Columbus International Airport $3,718,693,000 Rickenbacker International Airport $903,975,000 Bolton Field Airport $11,162,000 Airports Total $4,633,830,000 Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses (Note 1) $1,926,214,000 Airports and Rickenbacker Off-Airport Businesses Total $6,560,044,000 Note 1: Includes the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, area businesses utilizing Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138, businesses within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park, and associated CIP activity. Source: CDM Smith and IMPLAN multipliers Figure 4-5 presents the distribution of annual economic activity between the CRAA s airports and the select off-airport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. As shown, Port Columbus International Airport generates the majority of the economic activity. 4-31

78 Figure 4-5 Distribution of $6.6 Billion in Annual Economic Activity Rickenbacker Off- Airport Businesses $1.9 billion 29% Bolton Field Airport $11.2 million <1% Rickenbacker International Airport $904.0 million 14% Port Columbus International Airport $3.7 billion 57% Source: CDM Smith Comparison of CRAA Airports 2011 and 2004 Economic Impacts Table 4-35 compares the 2011 and 2004 total employment, payroll, and output impacts, including direct and multiplier impacts, for the CRAA s airports. Note that because the 2004 Regional Airports Economic Impact Study did not include off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port in the analysis, their economic impacts are not included for Rickenbacker International Airport in

79 Table 4-35 Comparison of 2011 and 2004 Total Economic Impacts COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY AIRPORTS Employment Port Columbus International Airport 33,464 23,520 Rickenbacker International Airport (Note 1) 4,806 6,300 Bolton Field Airport Total Employment 38,374 29,994 Payroll Port Columbus International Airport $1,061,252,000 $624,895,000 Rickenbacker International Airport (Note 1) $267,282,000 $163,599,100 Bolton Field Airport $2,503,000 $4,661,400 Total Payroll $1,331,037,000 $793,155,500 Output Port Columbus International Airport $3,718,693,000 $2,188,485,700 Rickenbacker International Airport (Note 1) $903,975,000 $547,987,900 Bolton Field Airport $11,162,000 $10,720,700 Total Output $4,633,830,000 $2,747,194,300 Note 1: Excludes 2011 economic impacts for the select off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port, which are the Norfolk Southern Rickenbacker Intermodal Terminal, area businesses utilizing Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138, and businesses within the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park. Source: CDM Smith, IMPLAN multipliers, and Regional Airports Economic Impact Study As shown in Table 4-35, total employment supported by the CRAA s airports increased from 29,994 jobs in 2004 to 38,374 jobs in 2011 for a gain of 8,380 jobs. Total annual payroll grew from nearly $793.2 million in 2004 to more than $1.3 billion in 2011 for an increase of nearly $537.9 million. Lastly, total annual output produced by the CRAA s airports increased from more than 2.7 billion in 2004 to more than $4.6 billion in 2011 for a gain of nearly $1.9 billion. The primary explanations for the differences between the 2011 and 2004 economic impacts are discussed below by airport. It should be noted that inflation between 2004 and 2011 accounts for approximately 30 percent of the increase. Port Columbus International Airport The differences between the 2011 and 2004 employment and payroll impacts for Port Columbus International Airport are primarily a result of an increase in commercial service visitor expenditures in In 2004, the average expenditure per commercial service visitor was approximately $450 per trip. This figure was $674 in The higher expenditure per commercial service visitor in 2011 results in an increase in the number of jobs supported by visitors in the hospitality sector (i.e., hotels, restaurants, retail, etc.) and an associated increase in payroll. The difference between the 2011 and 2004 output impacts is largely driven by the increase in commercial service visitor expenditures and rising fuel costs. Rickenbacker International Airport For Rickenbacker International Airport, the lower employment at the airport (specifically, on-airport tenants employment) in 2011 is primarily due to the addition of select off-airport businesses located 4-33

80 within the Rickenbacker Inland Port to the Columbus Regional Airport Authority Economic Impact Study Update. As mentioned above, the 2004 Regional Airports Economic Impact Study did not include these off-airport businesses in the analysis. However, some off-airport air cargo-related businesses were included with the on-airport tenants in the 2004 study due to synergies between on- and offairport activities. The employment impacts tied to the off-airport air cargo-related businesses from the 2004 study are essentially assigned in this study to a different category comprised of the select offairport businesses within the Rickenbacker Inland Port. Payroll impacts are greater in 2011 largely because of a higher average payroll per employee for military tenants at the airport. Lastly, higher fuel costs in 2011 explain the increase in output. Bolton Field Airport At Bolton Field Airport, employment and payroll impacts decreased in 2011 from 2004 levels for two primary reasons. First, direct employment at the airport s FBO decreased by 17 positions between 2004 and Second, there were approximately 52,000 fewer aircraft operations at the airport in As a result, general aviation visitor expenditures as well as the jobs and payroll supported by those expenditures were lower. Output impacts increased in 2011 largely because expenditures by the CRAA and Columbus State Community College increased. Summary This chapter has demonstrated that the CRAA s airports are major catalysts for the Columbus region s economy. In addition to being gateways for travelers, the airports support a number of key businesses and government entities. In 2011, when direct and multiplier impacts are included, all on-airport tenants, general aviation visitors, and commercial service visitors at the CRAA s airports: supported 38,374 jobs generated more than $1.3 billion in annual payroll produced more than $4.6 billion in annual economic activity (output) When the total (direct and multiplier) impacts tied to the select off-airport businesses located within the Rickenbacker Inland Port are included, the airports and Rickenbacker off-airport businesses: supported 54,172 jobs generated more than $1.8 billion in annual payroll produced nearly $6.6 billion in annual economic activity (output) 4-34

81 Chapter 5: Additional Benefits of CRAA Airports Introduction As noted in Chapter 1, this study summarizes other benefits attributed to the Columbus Regional Airport Authority s (CRAA) airports. Some of these benefits are not as easily quantified as those described in Chapter 4 and are not typically captured by a traditional economic impact study. But identifying these additional benefits is nevertheless important because what truly makes the CRAA s airports valuable is more than simply the employment, payroll, and output impacts. For instance, airports and aviation-related services contribute to state and local tax bases. Airports also provide real value to those people who rely on them not just for their livelihoods, but also their safety and their quality of life. As such, this chapter provides an overview of the following areas where the CRAA s airports directly benefit the Columbus region: Tax Impacts Qualitative Airport Benefits Tax Impacts In addition to generating employment, payroll, and output impacts, activities at the CRAA s airports produce tax revenues for Ohio as well as for local municipalities. This section identifies the tax impacts produced by the CRAA s airports in three categories of taxes. These categories include the following: State and local income taxes paid by employees of on-airport tenants and by employees supported by commercial service and general aviation visitor expenditures Sales taxes generated by commercial service and general aviation visitor expenditures Sales taxes generated by on-airport business sales State and Local Income Taxes As identified in Chapter 4, the direct employment and annual payroll impacts associated with onairport businesses and government organizations at Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport are significant. At Port Columbus, these impacts included 5,566 jobs with an annual payroll of approximately $283.5 million in The onairport employees at Port Columbus pay a 2.5 percent income tax to the City of Columbus, which generates nearly $7.1 million in local income taxes. Expenditures by commercial service and general aviation visitors arriving at Port Columbus supported an estimated 13,177 jobs in the hospitality sector (hotels, restaurants, retail, etc.) with an annual payroll of approximately $295.1 million, which is also taxed. This analysis assumed two-thirds of employees who are supported by commercial service and general aviation visitor expenditures live or work within the City of Columbus and therefore pay a 2.5 percent income tax. The remaining one-third of employees pays the Columbus Metropolitan Statistical Area s (MSA) average local income tax rate. This analysis used an average 1 Includes on-airport construction employees. 5-1

82 local income tax rate of 1.9 percent. 2 The total income taxes generated by these employees are estimated at more than $7.0 million. The state of Ohio has an earnings tax that is based on the tax brackets shown in Table 5-1. Applying the average salary of on-airport tenant employees and onairport construction workers to these tax brackets yields an estimated $9.9 million that is generated in income taxes. Commercial service and general aviation visitors arriving at Port Columbus support jobs in the hospitality sector that are also taxed by the state. These taxes generate an estimated $9.5 million for the state. Table 5-2 summarizes the income tax impacts generated by Port Columbus International Airport. Table 5-1 Ohio Income Tax Brackets, 2011 Ohio Taxable Income Tax Calculation Low High Average 0 $5, % $- $30 $15 $5,100 $10,200 $ % of excess over $5,100 $30 $90 $60 $10,200 $15,350 $ % of excess over $10,200 $90 $211 $151 $15,350 $20,450 $ % of excess over $15,350 $22 $360 $191 $20,450 $40,850 $ % of excess over $20,450 $360 $1,079 $720 $40,850 $81,650 $1, % of excess over $40,850 $1,079 $2,755 $1,917 $81,650 $102,100 $2, % of excess over $81,650 $2,755 $3,715 $3,235 $102,100 $204,200 $3, % of excess over $102,100 $3,715 $9,281 $6,498 More than $204,200 $9, % of excess over $204,200 $9,281 $26,807* $18,044* * Based on an upper salary limit of $500,000, which is used here for presentation purposes Source: Ohio Department of Taxation Table 5-2 State and Local Income Tax Impacts PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Local State Employment Category Payroll Taxes Taxes On-Airport Tenants $256,588,000 $6,415,000 $9,397,000 Construction $26,958,000 $674,000 $478,000 Subtotal $283,546,000 $7,089,000 $9,875,000 Hospitality Sector - Within City of Columbus* $204,756,000 $5,119,000 $6,321,000 Hospitality Sector - Outside City of Columbus* $102,378,000 $1,925,000 $3,160,000 Subtotal $307,134,000 $7,044,000 $9,481,000 Total Income Tax Impacts $590,680,000 $14,133,000 $19,356,000 *Includes employment generated by commercial service and general aviation visitor expenditures Source: CDM Smith 2 The Impact of the I-71/I-670 Interchange Reconstruction Project on the Columbus MSA Economy, Bill LaFayette, Regionomics LLC, September 27,

83 At Rickenbacker International Airport, the direct employment and payroll impacts for on-airport tenants in 2011 included 2,518 employees earning an annual payroll of $165.1 million. 3 The analysis assumed that all on-airport employees pay the Columbus MSA s average local income tax rate of 1.9 percent. Local income taxes generated by on-airport employees totaled more than $3.1 million. An estimated five employees earning an annual payroll of $113,000 are supported by the spending of commercial service and general aviation visitors arriving at Rickenbacker. It is assumed that twothirds of these employees live or work within the City of Columbus and pay a 2.5 percent income tax, with the remaining one-third paying the Columbus MSA s average income tax of 1.9 percent. Income taxes collected from these employees are estimated at $3,000. Based on the State of Ohio income tax brackets in Table 5-1 and the average salaries of on-airport tenant employees and construction workers at Rickenbacker, an estimated $4.6 million is generated in state income taxes. An additional $3,000 in state income taxes is generated by employees supported by the spending of commercial service and general aviation visitors arriving at Rickenbacker. The state and local income taxes generated at Rickenbacker are presented in Table 5-3. Table 5-3 State and Local Income Tax Impacts RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Local State Employment Category Payroll Taxes Taxes On-Airport Tenants $155,809,000 $2,929,000 $4,386,000 Construction $9,338,000 $176,000 $165,000 Subtotal $165,147,000 $3,105,000 $4,551,000 Hospitality Sector - Within City of Columbus* $75,000 $2,000 $2,000 Hospitality Sector - Outside City of Columbus* $38,000 $1,000 $1,000 Subtotal $113,000 $3,000 $3,000 Total Income Tax Impacts $165,260,000 $3,108,000 $4,554,000 *Includes employment generated by commercial service and general aviation visitor expenditures Source: CDM Smith The direct employment and payroll impacts for on-airport tenants at Bolton Field Airport include 47 employees earning nearly $1.4 million in These employees pay a 2.5 percent income tax to the City of Columbus, which generates $35,000 in local income taxes. The expenditures of general aviation visitors arriving at Bolton Field in 2011 supported four employees in the hospitality sector with an annual payroll of $90,000. Assuming two-thirds of these employees pay a 2.5 percent income tax to the City of Columbus and the remaining one-third pay the Columbus MSA s average income tax of 1.9 percent, it is estimated that $2,000 in income taxes is generated. Applying the average salary of on-airport tenant employees and on-airport construction workers to the state of Ohio tax brackets in Table 5-1 yields an estimated $34,000 that is generated in state income taxes. Lastly, the earnings of employees in the hospitality sector who are supported by general aviation visitors arriving at Bolton 3 Includes on-airport construction employees. 4 Includes on-airport construction employees. 5-3

84 Field are taxed by the state. These taxes generate approximately $2,000 for the state. The income tax impacts for Bolton Field Airport are summarized in Table 5-4. Table 5-4 State and Local Income Tax Impacts BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 City State Employment Category Payroll Taxes Taxes On-Airport Tenants $1,261,000 $32,000 $32,000 Construction $122,000 $3,000 $2,000 Subtotal $1,383,000 $35,000 $34,000 Hospitality Sector - Within City of Columbus* $60,000 $1,000 $2,000 Hospitality Sector - Outside City of Columbus* $30,000 $1,000 $0 Subtotal $90,000 $2,000 $2,000 Total Income Tax Impacts $1,473,000 $37,000 $36,000 *Includes employment generated by commercial service and general aviation visitor expenditures Source: CDM Smith Sales Taxes Commercial Service and General Aviation Visitor Expenditures Commercial service and general aviation visitors arriving at the CRAA s airports pay various sales taxes during their stay in the Columbus region. These taxes are paid as a result of expenditures for lodging, food and beverage, retail and entertainment, and automobile rentals. At Port Columbus International Airport, passenger survey data indicated that 26 percent of visitor expenditures were spent on lodging, 30 percent were spent on food and beverage, 14 percent were spent on car rentals, and 30 percent were spent on retail, entertainment, and recreation. Based on these ratios and the tax rates shown in Table 5-5, the sales tax impacts produced by commercial service and general aviation visitors arriving at Port Columbus International Airport are identified. As shown in Table 5-5, the total sales tax impacts generated for state and local governments are approximately $79.4 million. Table 5-5 Sales Tax Impacts Commercial Service and General Aviation Visitor Expenditures PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Hospitality Sector Estimated Local State Estimated Industry Expenditures Room Tax* Sales Tax* Sales Tax Total Tax Rate 8.45% 1.27% 5.5% Lodging $230,102,000 $19,444,000 $2,922,000 $12,656,000 $35,022,000 Food & Beverage $265,502,000 $0 $3,372,000 $14,603,000 $17,975,000 Rental Car $123,901,000 $0 $1,574,000 $6,815,000 $8,389,000 Retail/Entertainment/Recreation $265,502,000 $0 $3,372,000 $14,603,000 $17,975,000 Total $885,007,000 $19,444,000 $11,240,000 $48,677,000 $79,361,000 *Average tax for Columbus MSA Source: CDM Smith 5-4

85 At Rickenbacker International Airport, passenger survey data from the Regional Airports Economic Impact Study indicated that 10 percent of visitor expenditures were spent on lodging, 55 percent were spent on food and beverage, 15 percent were spent on car rentals, and 20 percent were spent on retail, entertainment, and recreation. These ratios and the tax rates in Table 5-6 were used to estimate the sales tax impacts generated by commercial service and general aviation visitors arriving at Rickenbacker International Airport. These sales tax impacts are approximately $26,000, as shown in Table 5-6. Table 5-6 Sales Tax Impacts Commercial Service and General Aviation Visitor Expenditures RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 Hospitality Sector Estimated Local State Estimated Industry Expenditures Room Tax* Sales Tax* Sales Tax Total Tax Rate 8.45% 1.27% 5.5% Lodging $34,000 $3,000 $0 $2,000 $5,000 Food & Beverage $184,000 $0 $2,000 $10,000 $12,000 Rental Car $50,000 $0 $1,000 $3,000 $4,000 Retail/Entertainment/Recreation $67,000 $0 $1,000 $4,000 $5,000 Total $335,000 $3,000 $4,000 $19,000 $26,000 *Average tax for Columbus MSA Source: CDM Smith Survey data for Bolton Field Airport indicated that visitors arriving at the airport spent approximately 40 percent of their expenditures on lodging, 29 percent on food and beverage, 21 percent on car rentals, and 10 percent on retail, entertainment, and recreation. Based on these ratios and the tax rates shown in Table 5-7, the sales tax impacts produced by general aviation visitors arriving at Bolton Field Airport are identified. As shown in Table 5-7, the total sales tax impacts generated for state and local governments are approximately $23,000. Table 5-7 Sales Tax Impacts General Aviation Visitor Expenditures BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 Hospitality Sector Estimated Local State Estimated Industry Expenditures Room Tax* Sales Tax* Sales Tax Total Tax Rate 8.45% 1.27% 5.5% Lodging $88,000 $7,000 $1,000 $5,000 $13,000 Food & Beverage $64,000 $0 $1,000 $4,000 $5,000 Rental Car $46,000 $0 $1,000 $3,000 $4,000 Retail/Entertainment/Recreation $22,000 $0 $0 $1,000 $1,000 Total $220,000 $7,000 $3,000 $13,000 $23,000 *Average tax for Columbus MSA Source: CDM Smith Sales Taxes On-Airport Business Sales Sales taxes generated by on-airport business sales at Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport are a third category of taxes analyzed in 5-5

86 this study. Based on Franklin County s combined state and local sales tax rate of 6.75 percent, total state and local taxes on sales of goods and services provided by on-airport businesses at Port Columbus is nearly $8.6 million, as presented in Table 5-8. This includes taxes on concessions sales in the terminal building and sales by aviation-related businesses on the airport, such as fixed base operators (FBO), avionics businesses, and flight instruction businesses. It does not include airline or air cargo sales. Table 5-8 Sales Tax Impacts On-Airport Business Sales PORT COLUMBUS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 State and Local On-Airport Sales Sales Taxes On-Airport Concessions $59,402,000 $4,010,000 Aviation-Related Businesses* $67,442,000 $4,552,000 Total $126,844,000 $8,562,000 *Excludes airline and air cargo sales. Source: CDM Smith As shown in Table 5-9, applying the 6.75 percent combined state and local sales tax rate to on-airport business sales at Rickenbacker International Airport yields $137,000 in taxes. On-airport sales include concessions sales (parking) and aviation-related business sales (FBO), but exclude airline and air cargo sales. Note that concessions and aviation-related businesses are aggregated in Table 5-9 to protect the confidentiality of the individual tenants data. Table 5-9 Sales Tax Impacts On-Airport Business Sales RICKENBACKER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, 2011 State and Local On-Airport Sales Sales Taxes On-Airport Concessions/Aviation-Related Businesses* $2,023,000 $137,000 *Excludes airline and air cargo sales Source: CDM Smith Based on the combined state and local sales tax rate of 6.75 percent for Franklin County, state and local sales taxes generated by on-airport concessions and aviation-related business sales at Bolton Field Airport are estimated at $276,000 (see Table 5-10). On-airport sales at Bolton Field include concessions and aviation-related businesses, such as the FBO. As shown in Table 5-10, concessions and aviation-related businesses are aggregated to protect the confidentiality of tenant data. 5-6

87 Table 5-10 Sales Tax Impacts On-Airport Business Sales BOLTON FIELD AIRPORT, 2011 State and Local On-Airport Sales Sales Taxes On-Airport Concessions/Aviation-Related Businesses $4,088,000 $276,000 Source: CDM Smith Total Tax Impacts of CRAA Airports Table 5-11 summarizes the total tax impacts of the CRAA s airports. Port Columbus International Airport generates the majority of the three airports tax impacts for state and local governments with more than $121.4 million in total taxes. Rickenbacker International Airport and Bolton Field Airport generate approximately $7.8 million and $372,000 in total taxes, respectively. The total combined tax impacts generated by the CRAA s airports are more than $129.6 million. Table 5-11 Total Tax Impacts COLUMBUS REGIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY AIRPORTS, 2011 Tax Category Qualitative Airport Benefits Total Taxes Port Columbus International Airport State and Local Income Taxes $33,489,000 Sales Taxes - Commercial Service and General Aviation Visitor Expenditures $79,361,000 Sales Taxes - On-Airport Business Sales $8,562,000 Total Tax Impacts $121,412,000 Rickenbacker International Airport State and Local Income Taxes $7,662,000 Sales Taxes - Commercial Service and General Aviation Visitor Expenditures $26,000 Sales Taxes - On-Airport Business Sales $137,000 Total Tax Impacts $7,825,000 Bolton Field Airport State and Local Income Taxes $73,000 Sales Taxes - Commercial Service and General Aviation Visitor Expenditures $23,000 Sales Taxes - On-Airport Business Sales $276,000 Total Tax Impacts $372,000 CRAA Total Tax Impacts $129,609,000 Source: CDM Smith Beyond the quantitative benefits of Port Columbus International Airport, Rickenbacker International Airport, and Bolton Field Airport that have been discussed previously, there are also a wide variety of qualitative benefits that deserve consideration when the total value of the CRAA s airports is considered. Qualitative benefits are those activities which take place at an airport on a regular basis 5-7

88 that add to the quality of life of an area s residents and visitors, but are difficult to assign a dollar value. Qualitative benefits typically enhance the health, welfare, or safety of individuals in an airport s market area. This may be through accommodating emergency medical flights, supporting law enforcement operations, supporting military training flights, providing educational outlets for youth groups, among many others. The qualitative benefits of the CRAA s airports are discussed by airport below. Port Columbus International Airport In addition to the employment, payroll, output, and tax impacts previously identified in this report, Port Columbus International Airport supports a multitude of aviation activities to which it is difficult to assign a monetary value. Beyond being a major commercial service airport, Port Columbus offers the full range of general aviation services required in a metropolitan region. Daily activities include recreational flights, corporate operations, air cargo flights, flight training, and aircraft maintenance. Other common activities include operations by local and regional law enforcement, military operations, medical flights such as patient transfer and evacuation, environmental patrol, and aerial photography and surveying. Business aviation is a major component of general aviation activity at Port Columbus, with global businesses using the airport to access interests in the Columbus region and area corporations using the airport to access the world. Examples of Fortune 500 corporations that used Port Columbus in their business activities in 2011 include: 5 Wal-Mart Stores Bank of America Corp. Wells Fargo Honeywell International Allstate FirstEnergy Many Columbus area businesses with a need for aviation services use Port Columbus International Airport. Examples of area businesses with aircraft based at the airport include Battelle, Limited Brands, Abercrombie & Fitch, American Electric Power, Scotts Miracle-Gro, Nationwide Insurance Company, LabCorp, Bob Evans Farms, and Columbus Blue Jackets. The CRAA hosts or takes part in a variety of on-airport and regional events. Some of these on-airport events include annual fund-raising drives for United Way and Operation Feed, an organization that

89 benefits the Mid-Ohio Food Bank. CRAA airfield maintenance employees also have an annual tradition of transforming an aircraft firefighting truck into a glowing snow-making machine for the Gahanna Holiday of Lights Parade, seen annually by more than 50,000 attendees. The CRAA has a long tradition of supporting Columbus area schools through a variety of events and programs. For example, as part of a long-standing partnership with East Columbus Elementary School, Airport Authority employees participate in a guest reader program, serve as judges at the school science fair, work stations during field days, assist students during the school s holiday craft fair, and make donations of clothing and hygiene products. In addition to these programs, many CRAA employees support East Columbus fifth graders participation in the virtual life-skills experience at the annual Junior Achievement s BizTown. CRAA employees and volunteers participate in a variety of other school programs as well. Twice annually, employees assist with horse rides for Early Childhood Education students at Franklin County Board of Developmental Disabilities. The Airport Ambassadors, a group of volunteers who provide customer service to travelers at the airport, offer guided airport tours for school groups, youth organizations, or interested groups of any type. The CRAA helps to spread interest in aviation careers by hosting a variety of student groups. The CRAA is also an avid supporter of regional artists and performers. Artwork by students from Columbus City Schools is featured in 12-month displays at two locations in the airport, while an annual reception is held to honor those artists selected for exhibition. In addition, the CRAA partners with the Ohio Art League to showcase quarterly, rotating exhibits of artwork created by league members. Rickenbacker International Airport Rickenbacker International Airport also supports a wide range of aviation, rail, and trucking activities, the total value of which extends beyond the quantitative impacts previously addressed. The airport occupies the center of the Rickenbacker Inland Port, which also includes the Norfolk Southern Intermodal Terminal, Foreign-Trade Zone No. 138, and the Rickenbacker Global Logistics Park. FedEx has an on-airport regional hub and AirNet Systems maintains its world headquarters at the airport, while rail freight is handled at the Norfolk Southern Intermodal Terminal by one of the largest providers of rail-based transportation services in the nation, Norfolk Southern. Freight movement is supported by leading industry participants such as Forward Air, CEVA, Exel, RCS, Hellmann, Expeditors, and many others. Together all of these facilities and services make Rickenbacker Inland Port a premier shipping and logistics center that connects the region to much of the U.S., Europe, Asia, and elsewhere. As a military base, Rickenbacker International Airport is home to the Ohio Air National Guard s (OANG) 121 st Air Refueling Wing. The 121 st was the first Air National Guard unit to fly KC-135 Stratotankers. The airport is also home to the Ohio Army National Guard s (OARNG) Army Aviation Support Facility (AASF) #2, which hosts the th Assault Helicopter Battalion. The OANG 5-9

90 and OARNG regularly conduct military training flights at the airport. Lastly, the Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve have a presence at Rickenbacker, jointly occupying the Navy Marine Corps Reserve Center on the airport. Beyond the airport s role as a major cargo and military facility, many other general aviation activities take place. Recreational flying is a daily occurrence, while flight training, search and rescue operations, and various medical flights are also common. Activities such as law enforcement operations and environmental patrol take place on a seasonal basis. Corporate aviation is also a daily activity at Rickenbacker International Airport, with global businesses using the airport to access interests in the Columbus region and area corporations using the airport to access the world. Examples of Fortune 500 companies that used Rickenbacker in 2011 include General Electric, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo. CRAA employees at Rickenbacker International Airport participate in community and charitable efforts which the CRAA organizes and hosts. Twice annually, airport employees assist with student horse rides for Early Childhood Education students at the Franklin County Board of Developmental Disabilities. Airport employees also host several luncheons throughout the year which raise generous donations for Operation Feed. This program benefits the Mid-Ohio Food Bank, while also funding adoption of a needy family during the holiday season, providing toys for the children and grocery store gift cards for the adults. Airport employees also volunteer in an annual fundraising drive to benefit United Way. In addition to regular events, Rickenbacker International has hosted several one-time events of national significance. In 2007, The Gathering of Mustangs and Legends air show was held at the airport. The event brought an estimated 150,000 visitors to the airport, all eager to view the historic World War II aircraft on display and in flight. Featured planes included approximately 75 P-51 Mustangs and a large variety of other classic aircraft such as P-38s, P-40s, P-47s, a P-63, two each of B- 17s and B-25s, an Avro Lancaster, and a C-47. The U.S. Air Force was also on hand with ground displays of many aircraft from throughout the years. Another such event was the National Intercollegiate Flying Association s (NIFA) Safety and Flight Evaluation Conference (SAFECON), held at Rickenbacker in SAFECON is an annual competition of aeronautical schools involving a number of events including navigation, message drop, power-off landing, short field approach and landing, computer accuracy, aircraft recognition, ground trainer, aircraft preflight inspection, and others. A variety of awards are also given out for individual and team efforts. Bolton Field Airport The levels of service and activity at Bolton Field Airport make it one of the premier general aviation airports in the Columbus region. Daily activities include recreational flying, corporate operations, flight training, and other types of aviation career education. Other common activities include aerial inspections of utilities, operations by local and regional law enforcement, military exercises, aerial photography, and medical flights such as patient transfer and evacuation. Bolton Field Airport also supports various activities that take place seasonally, such as environmental patrol flights, real estate tours, and aerial advertising. 5-10

91 Many Columbus area businesses with a need for aviation services use Bolton Field Airport. Area businesses with aircraft based at the airport include South Florida High Line, Motivational Enterprises, Hague Quality Water, Wonder Weld, Conrad Co., Sinclair Custom Graphics, RJR Leasing, and Instantwhip Foods. In addition, many national and Fortune 500 companies utilize the airport to access interests in the Columbus region. Bolton Field Airport is also the site of many community and organization events throughout the year. The local Experimental Aircraft Association chapter hosts an annual Young Eagles Rally, at which free airplane rides are given to youths ages eight to 17. Pilots are encouraged to bring their aircraft and take part in the event. The airport restaurant, JP s Barbeque Ribs and Chicken, hosts a Valentine s Day dinner each year, also featuring airplane rides for patrons. The restaurant pays Capital City Jet Center, the airport s FBO, to provide the rides. The Wings of Freedom Tour, an event sponsored by the Collings Foundation that showcases historic aircraft from World War II, made a stop at the airport in 2011, attracting approximately 2,000 visitors. Among the visitors were many WWII veterans or family members of veterans who came to reminisce by viewing the aircraft. Finally, the Pilot s Review of Proficiency (PROP) 2012 event was held at Bolton Field in May PROP 2012 was a safety seminar on the Mitsubishi MU-2 aimed at aircraft owners and pilots. Summary As demonstrated in this chapter, the CRAA s airports provide economic benefits for the Columbus region s businesses, residents, and visitors that extend beyond the substantial employment, annual payroll, and annual output impacts presented in Chapter 4. Traditional economic impact studies of airports generally do not include analyses of the benefits detailed in this chapter, as some of them defy conventional measurement. The additional areas of economic benefits summarized in this study included the following: Tax Impacts Qualitative Airport Benefits Aviation-related activities tied to the CRAA s airports serve as a source of notable tax revenues for Ohio and many of its municipalities. The aviation-related activities associated with the CRAA s airports, either directly or indirectly, included: State and local income taxes paid by employees of on-airport tenants and by employees supported by commercial service and general aviation visitor expenditures Sales taxes generated by commercial service and general aviation visitor expenditures Sales taxes generated by on-airport business sales These taxes totaled more than $129.6 million in

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