ACRP Project Evaluating Airfield Capacity

Transcription

1 DEN572 PRESENTATION ACRP Project Evaluating Airfield Capacity Presented by Pam Keidel-Adams, Landrum & Brown Brian Poe, Landrum & Brown February 13, 2012

2 Objectives of Research Develop Guidebook for airport planners All types of airports Runways, taxiways, apron areas, aircraft parking positions, approach/departure procedures Assess existing modeling techniques beyond AC 150/ and ACM Identify capabilities and limitations of the existing techniques Develop specifications and functional prototype for new model Present capacity modeling guidelines for Determining the appropriate level of modeling sophistication Making the process more consistent from airport to airport 2

3 ACRP Project Panel and Project Team Panel and ACRP Support Rick Busch, Denver Chair Greg Albjerg, HNTB Monica Alcabin, Boeing David Byers, University of Nebraska Nancy Dorighi, NASA Bruce Love, URS Scott Marsh, PANY&NJ ACRP Support Theresia Schatz, ACRP Joseph Snell, ACRP Liaison members Aimee McCormick, FAA Chris Oswald, ACI-NA Kent Duffy, FAA Don Guffey, FAA Richard Cunard, TRB Timmy RoIf Schindler, GAO 3 LeighFisher Bill Dunlay, PI Suzanne Akkoush, Project Manager Landrum & Brown Matt Lee, Deputy, Deputy PI Pam Keidel-Adams, Deputy PM Brian Poe University of California, Berkeley Mark Hansen Liuyi Feier George Mason University Lance Sherry Presentation & Design, Inc. Patti J. Douglas

4 ACRP Deliverables 1. Guidebook 2. Decision Hierarchy How to Choose a Level of Modeling Sophistication 3. New and Newly Available Tools a. Prototype of New Spreadsheet Tools b. Assessment of MITRE runwaysimulator (plans for public release) 4. Final Report Project deliverables will provide comprehensive tools for evaluating airfield capacity 4

5 Scoping Issues for the Project Three major scope items that define project 1. Definitions of Capacity 2. Capacity vs. Aircraft Delay 3. Airfield Components 5

6 1. Definitions of Capacity Maximum Throughput: How many aircraft operations can a particular airfield accommodate in given period when there is a continuous demand for service in that period (i.e., the period is saturated)? Practical Capacity or Service Volume: How many aircraft operations can a particular airfield accommodates at a specified level of service (e.g., at a specified level of aircraft delay)? Time interval (15-minutes, hourly, daily, annual) Guidebook will suggest under what circumstances the various definitions are appropriate. 6

7 2. Estimating Capacity vs. Aircraft Delay Will focus on methods for estimating capacity not delay Will emphasize maximum-throughput definition of airfield capacity rather than practical/service-volume capacity Will provide guidance and examples for using capacity estimates in analytical models for estimating aircraft delay 7

8 3. Airfield Components Major emphasis will be on runways and close-in terminal airspace Taxiways, aprons, and gates will be included only in terms of how they affect runway/airspace capacity Runway exit and entrance taxiways, parallel taxiways, runway crossings, bypass taxiways, aprons High-level measures of gate capacity vs. airfield capacity 8

9 Guidebook Overview 9

10 Chapter 2 Review of Airfield Capacity Concepts 1. Capacity definitions a. Maximum sustainable throughput b. Delay-based 2. Factors that Affect Capacity 3. Levels of Capacity Modeling Sophistication 21 Factors Airport Geometry Runway Exit Design Runway Entrance Taxiways Staging Pads/Taxiways Runway Crossings Parallel Taxiway Airport User Information Aircraft Fleet Mix Daily Demand Distribution Aircraft Performance Avionics Equipage Braking Action Random Variability Runway Use & ATC Procedures Applicability of Visual Flight Rules Wake Turbulence Weather Multiple Approach Technology Runway Specific Fleet Mix Human Factors Air Traffic Controller Workload Air-Ground Communications Random Variability Airspace Factors Departure Fix Restrictions Neighboring Airports Missed Approach 10

11 Chapter 2 Levels of Modeling Sophistication 11

12 Chapter 4 New and Newly Available Capacity Evaluation Tools and Guidance 1. Prototype of New Spreadsheet Models (Levels 1, 2, and 3) 2. Soon-to-be-released Level 4 Model MITRE runwaysimulator 3. Guidance on Estimating Capacity of Specialty Cases a. Effects of partial parallel taxiways and runway crossings b. Effects of staggered runway thresholds/runway ends c. Aircraft type runway-use restrictions d. Airports without an operating Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) 12

13 Chapter 4 Prototype of New Spreadsheet Tool Addresses 3 levels of modeling sophistication in 1 tool Macro-enabled Excel-based file using tabs Will have 3 model options Single runway Parallel runways Intersecting runways Can calculate hourly capacity and Annual Service Volume (ASV) as defined in FAA AC 150/5060-5, Airport Capacity and Delay 13

14 Chapter 4 Levels of Modeling 14

15 Chapter 4 Prototype of Spreadsheet Model Airfield Capacity Estimation using Spreadsheet Models Use the spreadsheet model to quickly estimate airfield capacities for Arrivals only, Departures only and Mixed Operations. ENTER OR ADJUST MODEL INPUTS OBSERVE AND EVALUATE OUTPUTS USE RESET BUTTON TO RETURN INPUTS TO DEFAULT SETTINGS INPUTS Light Green fill, with Bold Green text OUTPUTS Blue fill, with Bold White text Reset Inputs Grey fill, with Bold Red text Calculated/Linked Values & Descriptions have white backgrounds Calculated Values Linked Values Comments are attached to Input descriptions to provide understanding/definitions to input titles 15

16 Chapter 4 Partial Input Screen INPUTS Meteorological Conditions VMC, % Occurrence 90% IMC, % Occurrence 10% VMC-Departure-Arrival Separation 2.0 nm Arrival - Arrival Std. Dev sec IMC-Departure-Arrival Separation 2.0 nm Departure ROT Std. Dev. 6.0 sec Length of Common Approach 7.0 nm Z-Value, 95% Confidence Operations Assumption on Touch -N- Go's 0% T-Factor (Touch-N-Go's) 1.00 RESET INPUTS Aircraft Classification New Category Small - S Small - T Small + Large-TP Large-Jet Large-757 Heavy Previous FAA Category A B C C C C D Maximum Gross Takeoff Weight (MTOW) Less than 12,500 lbs (Single Engine) Less than 12,500 lbs (Twin Engine) Between 12,500 lbs and 41,000 lbs Between 41,000 lbs and 255,000 lbs Between 41,000 lbs and 255,000 lbs Boeing 757 Series More than 300,000 lbs Fleet Mix Enter the actual or expected % share each aircraft class Share Allocations 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% Arrival Runway Occupancy Time Enter the estimated time from touchdown to runway clearance Time in Seconds Average Approach Speeds Enter the average suggested manufacturers final approach speed under normal conditions Velocity in Knots Runway Exit Availability Excellent (4 or more Exits) 100% Runway Crossing Demand No 0 Full Parallel Taxiway Full Taxiway 1.00 Approach Control Radar Yes Availability Use Advanced Settings to change ATC procedures and adjust 16 Arrival/Departure mix and priority

17 Chapter 4 Advanced Features Example Use Advanced Settings to change ATC procedures and adjust Arrival/Departure mix and priority Arrival Gap Spacing Buffer 0.0 sec <----OR----> Arrival Gap Spacing Buffer 1.0 nmiles Departure Hold Buffer 0.0 sec Arrival-Arrival Separation Requirements Distance in Nautical Miles (nm) Trailing Aircraft Leading Aircraft VMC IMC Small-S --- Heavy Small-S, Small-T Alternate IMC Minimum Small-S --- Small+ Small (if Observed AROT < 50 Seconds) Large --- Heavy Small Use 2.5 nm in place of 3.0 nm? Small-S --- Small+ Large-TP, Jet No Large --- Heavy Large-TP, Jet Small-S --- Small+ Large Large --- Heavy Large Small-S --- Small-T Heavy Small Heavy Heavy Heavy Departure - Departure Separation Requirements Time in Seconds Trailing Aircraft Leading Aircraft VMC IMC Small-S --- Small + Small-S- Small Large -TP --- Large 757 Small-S- Small Heavy Small-S- Small Small-S --- Small+ Large Large --- Heavy Large Small-S --- Large 757 Heavy Heavy Heavy

18 Arrivals/Hour Chapter 4 Partial Output Screen OUTPUTS VMC IMC Average Arrivals Only Capacity Arrivals Only Capacity (including TNG's) Departures Only Capacity Mixed Ops - Departure Capacity (including TNG's) Total Mixed Operations Capacity Arrivals Percentage 50% 50% 50% Capacity estimates for: Arrival priority Departure priority Various percentages of arrivals Pareto Frontier Chart Selection VMC 40 VMC Arrival -Departure Ca Save - 35 Used for Graphing only! 34, , 34 Used in Graph Departures 25 Arrivals Departures Arrivals Departures Arrivals VMC IMC Average 10 5 VMC Arrival -Departure Capacity Frontier 60, 0 Similar to capacity charts in the FAA Airport Capacity Benchmark Report 2004 (and upcoming 2011) Departures/Hour 18

19 Chapter 4 MITRE runwaysimulator ACRP Project will provide an independent assessment of the runwaysimulator for purposes of airfield capacity evaluation Developed at MITRE CAASD Discrete-event simulator based on link-node system Simulates aircraft on runways & terminal airspace Comparison with data from ASPM database Appropriate level of modeling sophistication and applications MITRE plans to release this model to the public in 2012 Jennifer Gentry and Bill Swedish of MITRE will cover this model in more detail 19

20 Chapter 5 How to Select the Level of Modeling Sophistication Hierarchy/Decision Tree (see next 6 slides) 20

21 Chapter 5 Decision Hierarchy 1: Data Requirements / Availability 21

22 Chapter 5 Decision Hierarchy 2: Checklist Items (1 of 3) 22

23 Chapter 5 Decision Hierarchy 2: Checklist Items (2 of 3) 23

24 Chapter 5 Decision Hierarchy 2: Checklist Items (3 of 3) 24

25 Chapter 5 Decision Hierarchy 3: Questionnaire (1 of 2) 25

26 Chapter 5 Decision Hierarchy 3: Questionnaire (2 of 2) 26

27 Chapter 6: Subsequent Uses of Capacity Information 1. Demand-Capacity Comparisons 2. Aircraft Delay Estimation 3. Aircraft delay-based definitions of capacity (e.g., annual service volume as defined in FAA FACT studies) 4. Reference ACRP Project 03-20, Defining and Measuring Aircraft Delay and Airport Capacity Thresholds 27

28 Guidebook Appendices A. User s Guide for Spreadsheet Model B. Available Guidance on MITRE runwaysimulator C. Definitions of Terms D. Essential References and Data Sources E. Case Studies lessons learned 28

29 Next Steps 1. Submit draft Guidebook, draft Final Report, and results of modeling tasks to ACRP Panel for review in February Submit final Project deliverables to ACRP by end of March Expect publication of final ACRP Report a few months thereafter 29