June 9th, 2011 Runway Excursions at Landing The n 1 Global Air Safety Issue Can We Reduce this Risk Through Innovative Avionics?
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1 Runway Excursions at Landing The n 1 Global Air Safety Issue Can We Reduce this Risk Through Innovative Avionics? Presented by Bill Bozin VP, Safety and Technical Affairs, Airbus Americas
2 Agenda Safety at landing: the n 1 air transportation safety issue Mitigation Means: Technology A Part of the Solution Runway Overrun Prevention System (ROPS) ROPS, an already available solution on Airbus fleet Airbus decision to address globally this top safety priority Conclusion and Perspective
3 Agenda Safety at landing: the n 1 air transportation safety issue Mitigation Means: Technology A Part of the Solution Runway Overrun Prevention System (ROPS) ROPS, an already available solution on Airbus fleet Airbus decision to address globally this top safety priority Conclusion and Perspective
4 Safety at Landing: the n 1 Air Transportation Safety Issue AIRBUS-WILLIS Analysis on Period : Incidents Statistics En Route (Cruise) 287 3, Ground - Taxi Landing - Approach 1,120 8,718 1,802 Landing - Go Around 107 1, Landing - Initial Descent 178 2, Landing - Landing Roll 2,587 1, Take Off - Climb to Cruise 298 5, Take Off - Initial Climb 541 3, Data based on incidents arising from all western built fixed wing aircraft being used for domestic, international and passenger, cargo, ferry, business flights. Take Off Aborted Take Off Run Source : ASCEND Database Landing roll, the most critical phase
5 Safety at Landing: the n 1 Air Transportation Safety Issue AIRBUS-WILLIS Analysis on Period : Incidents Statistics Landing Roll Incidents # Breakdown Landing Roll Incidents # Time History Source : ASCEND Database 0 Landing roll safety, a deteriorating situation
6 Safety at Landing: the n 1 Air Transportation Safety Issue AIRBUS-WILLIS Analysis on Period : Claims Data En Route (Cruise) 287 3, ,576 2,727 Ground (Taxi) Landing - Approach 1,120 8,718 1,802 2, Landing - Go Around 107 1, Landing - Initial Descent 178 2, Landing Roll - Excursions 1, , , Landing Landing Roll Others 1, , Take Off - Climb to Cruise* 298 5, , , Take Off - Initial Climb 541 3, , , Take Off Aborted Take Off Run , * Includes WTC Source : ASCEND Database Excursions, the n 1 source of claims (mainly hull losses)
7 Agenda Safety at landing: the n 1 air transportation safety issue Mitigation Means: Technology A Part of the Solution Runway Overrun Prevention System (ROPS) ROPS, an already available solution on Airbus fleet Airbus decision to address globally this top safety priority Conclusion and Perspective
8 Safety at Landing: the n 1 Air Transportation Safety Issue Existing Situation Main contributing factors to runway overrun at landing No regulation defining realistic operational landing distances Unstable Approaches at 1000ft / 500ft Destabilization of the Approach at low or very low altitude Long flare Long derotation Late selection of Reversers (MAX) Runway condition / friction lower than reported Reversers Max to Reverser Idle at usual procedure speed Too weak basic auto-brake setting Late or insufficient pedal braking (no auto-brake or after disconnection / override) Failures affecting landing distance A vast majority of overruns at landing is avoidable
9 Safety at Landing: the n 1 Air Transportation Safety Issue A Mapping of Mitigation Means of Runway Overrun Risk ATC/Crews Operational Procedures Proactive On- Board Technology Airport Infrastructures FSF/IATA Approach and Landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Toolkit/ Runway Excursion Tools FAA Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment (TALPA) Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC) Honeywell SmartLanding TM Airbus ROPS Recommended ICAO Runway End Safety Area (RESA) Arresting System (EMAS) Runway Condition Reporting Only a combined prevention approach should be effective As it was for CFIT and Mid-Air collisions
10 Safety at Landing: the n 1 Air Transportation Safety Issue A Mapping of Mitigation Means of Runway Overrun Risk ATC/Crews Operational Procedures Proactive On- Board Technology Airport Infrastructures FSF/IATA Approach and Landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Toolkit/ Runway Excursion Tools Monitoring of some measured ALA aircraft parameters Honeywell SmartLanding TM Recommended ICAO Runway End Safety Area (RESA) Arresting System (EMAS) FAA Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment (TALPA) Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC) Monitoring of realistic aircraft landing performance Airbus ROPS Runway Condition Reporting Like E-GPWS & TCAS, on-board technology will be key to mitigate Runway Excursion Risk But clear different design intents exist
11 Agenda Safety at landing: the n 1 air transportation safety issue Mitigation Means: Technology A Part of the Solution Runway Overrun Prevention System (ROPS) ROPS, an already available solution on Airbus fleet Airbus decision to address globally this top safety priority Conclusion and Perspective
12 Runway Overrun Prevention System A Sound Expertise June 9th, st Prototype Apr Ph. D Thesis Oct Feb A380 Oct A320 Family 2012 A330/A Exploration on Airbus flagship A350XWB 2013 Deployment for all existing Airbus models in production Standardization for all existing Airbus models in production
13 Runway Overrun Prevention System Design Objectives June 9th, 2011 To significantly reduce runway overrun risk at landing, it was necessary to 1. Compute continuously, in real time aircraft landing distance and remaining landing/stopping distance 2. Compare it in real time with legal Landing Distance Available (LDA) 3. Trigger, only when necessary, alerts with simple operating procedures 4. Guarantee both reliability and not excessive margins 5. Be approved through a dedicated EASA rule 6. Ensure consistency with future FAA TALPA rule 7. Avoid any additional tuning by airline (no liability transfer) This does not invalidate the need to fly stable approach this is a supplement to the necessary Stable Approach concept
14 Runway Overrun Prevention System Description June 9th, 2011
15 Runway Overrun Prevention System Description June 9th, 2011 PFD (and HUD) (Below 500 ft) Audio (Below 200 ft) Crew Actions (Below 500 ft) ND line symbols ROW (WET) IF WET: RWY TOO SHORT (amber) None Go-Around if runway is wet / damp or more slippery WET (amber) DRY (magenta) ROW (DRY) RWY TOO SHORT (red) "RWY TOO SHORT!" Go-Around WET (red) DRY (red) ROP MAX BRAKING MAX REVERSE (red) BRAKE MAX BRAKING MAX BRAKING "MAX REVERSE" "KEEP MAX REVERSE" MAX braking (Auto/Pilot) MAX REV (Pilots) Red STOP bar Red path
16 Safety at Landing: the n 1 Air Transportation Safety Issue Main Contributing Factors Addressed by ROPS Main contributing factors to runway overrun at landing No regulation defining realistic operational landing distances Unstable Approaches at 1000ft / 500ft Destabilization of the Approach at low or very low altitude Long flare Long derotation Late selection of Reversers (Max) Runway condition / friction lower than reported: DRY, DAMP, WET Reversers Max to Reverser Idle at usual procedure speed Too weak basic auto-brake setting Late or insufficient pedal braking (no auto-brake or after disconnection/override) Failures affecting landing distance Addressed in R O P S CERTI FIED STEP R O P S NEXT STEP ON A350
17 Runway Overrun Prevention System Implementation Challenges of such a New Technology June 9th, 2011 In safety enhancement design, failure is not an option Conservative iterative approach of such new system In-depth analysis of (E)GPWS design and deployment history To ensure pilot acceptance System with multi-dimension aspects Simple operating procedures well integrated in existing environment For sake of training simplicity Leading to 12 year of R&D effort A complex and long development A real know-how
18 Agenda Safety at landing: the n 1 air transportation safety issue Mitigation Means: Technology A Part of the Solution Runway Overrun Prevention System (ROPS) ROPS, an already available solution for the Airbus fleet Airbus decision to address globally this top safety priority Conclusion and Perspective
19 ROPS, an already available solution on Airbus fleet A380 Approved by EASA on October 15 th, 2009 Selected on 63% of ordered / in-service A380s Fitted by software update A350 XWB Basic at Entry Into Service A320 and A330/A340 families First flight tests on December 2010 First certification mid-2012 Option easy to install (retrofit in 1 night) Airbus types in production are now addressed
20 Agenda Safety at landing: the n 1 air transportation safety issue Mitigation Means: Technology A Part of the Solution Runway Overrun Prevention System (ROPS) ROPS, an already available solution on Airbus fleet Airbus decision to address globally this top safety priority Conclusion and Perspective
21 AIRBUS Decision to Address Globally this Top Safety Priority Runway overrun incidents are costly in lives and treasure! June 9th, 2011 Safer runway operations are a key enabler in ensuring sustainable growth and long-term public acceptance of air transportation In the opinion of the IFALPA team, with ROPS, Airbus has created a system which will inevitably become a life saving addition to the safety system. The Journal of IFALPA 2009 July/August Edition Airbus has decided to share ROPS cutting-edge technology for the benefit of the whole aviation industry That s why ROPS is now accessible to all aircraft manufacturers
22 Agenda Safety at landing: the n 1 air transportation safety issue Mitigation Means: Technology A Part of the Solution Runway Overrun Prevention System (ROPS) ROPS, an already available solution on Airbus fleet Airbus decision to address globally this top safety priority Conclusion and Perspective
23 Conclusion and Perspective Reduction of runway excursions/overruns A top priority for all aviation segments ROPS on-board technology A game changer like EGPWS and TCAS Aircraft Operators Complex and long development A real know-how Airbus types in production now addressed A credible basis to go further Airports Aircraft Manufacturers
24 Conclusion and Perspective EASA-approved design intent to prevent overrun at landing Initial step: DRY/WET only without failure affecting landing performance But already on the complete flight domain up to landing at MTOW And whatever the crew-selected level of braking automation Consistent with future rules (FAA TALPA) and future Airbus in-flight documentation Minimum training Clear SOP No impact on Go-Around rate except when justified! Homogeneous design and HMI on complete Airbus fleet at least No hide of vital call outs, i.e. RETARD Easy to install in one overnight visit Delivered ready to fly No complex tuning and SOP to be designed and justified by airline
25 Conclusion and Perspective NTSB Safety Recommendations to FAA (March 29, 2011) Actively pursue with aircraft and avionics manufacturers the development of technology to reduce or prevent runway excursions and, once it becomes available, require that the technology be installed. (A-11-28) ROPS is that requested technology and it is now accessible for all aircraft manufacturers!
26 Thank you Gracias! This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
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