UAV - D A CH. Industrial UAV Task Force Working Group for Frequency Allocation for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

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1 UAV - D A CH Industrial UAV Task Force Working Group for Frequency Allocation for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Spectrum Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Dr.- Ing. Uwe G. Hingst uwe.hingst@diehl-bgt-defence.de DIEHL-BGT-Defence Research & Development Überlingen / Germany 1

2 NATIONAL UAV-PROGRAMMES* EADS EuroHawk UMAS/URAV DBD Predator-B Sensocopter RDE KZO / Taifun Stemme S-10, S-15 EMT Luna, Aladin OHB CONDOR (S-10) Schiebel (A) Camcopter S-100 RUAG (CH) Ranger *) no comprehensive collection 2

3 UAV-Mil. & Civil APPLICATIONS Military Reconnaissance/Surveill. Civil Surveillance & Monitoring: Sea, Coast and Borders Forest Fires, Floodings, Dikes Pipelines & Railways Fishery-Control, Oilwasting Search & Rescue Flights Catastrophic Disaster Monitoring Environmental Control / Pollution Communication / Relaisstation Keep Crew off Danger Homeland Security / Anti-terrorism Monit. of Mass Events (Pope, OG) The tasks are growing with the different types and increasing numbers of UAVs! 3

4 UAV DATA-LINK PATHES Satellite Relay- Station not incl. Sense & Avoid MALE/HALE-UAV Relay-Station Command & Control (C²I) Sensory-Data Broadband Air Traffic Control (ATC/ATM) Ground Control Station (Remote Pilot & Operator) 4

5 UAS DATA-LINK PERFORM. REQUIREM. A. UAS Command & Control: B. Air Traffic Management (ATM): Steering of the UAV, a/o Direct Voice Channel to ATC: C&C of Automatic System GCS UAV ATC [or directly] Aircraft Control Functions & Indirect: UAV as Relay-Station(s) Avionic Information Supply SATCOM (Time increm.!) Detect, Sense & Avoid (S&A) Non-cooper. Systems [Optical] C. Payload Performance D-L: Coop. Systems [TCAS, ADS-B] Data-Transfer (BB-DL) [alternatively] EO/IR-Sensory (Video) Radar (SAR / Video) C&C of UAV-Payloads [Special Deliveries (milit.)] 5

6 UAS-FREQUENCY REQUIREMENTS UAV-Scenario: Operational Range: >300 km (HALE/MALE >>300 km) For greater Ranges (BLOS) UAS-Operations via SATCOM Simultan. operation of 20 UAV-Systems [600 km ] is possible Data-Link must be Safe & Secure [OAT-Protected] Data Flow for one UAV/UAS: Data-Link for EO/IR & SAR Payload-Sensordata (Broadband) Down-Link Bandwidth Mb/s Up-Link Bandwidth Mb/s (Assumption 1bit 1Hz) Up- & Downlink Command & Control for UAS (Narrowband) Total Bandwidth 700 khz MHz for C³I including ATC [9.6 kb/s], S&A [10 kb/s], C² [50 kb/s], etc. and a Spreadfactor of 10 for Anti-Jamming -Safety & Security. Redundancy of Data-Link(s) must be considered separately! P R O B L E M 6

7 UAS Spectrum Allocation Requirements I UAV-Frequency Problems: 1. Multiplicator: One UAS consists often out of several oper. UAVs, which will be commanded over one or more mobile ground control stations (GCS). 2. Multiplicator: Within each nation a lot of effort is provided for the development & introduction of different Types of [state] UAV-Systems. 3. Multiplicator: In future also the civil side (Governments, Police, etc.) will use/operate special or derived civil UAV-systems (Synergy-Effect)! Especially from military sides are demands for a lot of frequencies at short-sight for several UAVs & -Types (mainly for HALE&MALE UAVs). Therewith in a very short time internationally valid sets of frequencies in relation to the (WRC03) Agenda Item 1.5 and 1.6 are requested! 7

8 UAS Spectrum Allocation Requirements II THE REQUESTED GENERAL FREQUENCY SPECTRUM ALLO- CATIONS MUST BE CONFORMAL WITH THE FOLLOWING ITEMS: SAFE SECURE REDUNDANT BROADBAND LONG RANGE HW-Technology (Distance to other frequ.-allocat.) (No terrorist s attacks possible) (Sufficently high reliability) (For real time video transmissions) (High transmission power) (COTS-HW availability required) 8

9 UAS-SPECTRA SEARCH & DEFINITION Spectrum Allocation Problems: For civil applications normally all frequ. spectra are occupied! For military purposes usable spectra are strongly limited! For HALEs & MALES internationally valid frequencies requested For longe range applications high transmission power needed For C³I Broadband Safe & Secure Frequencies are required Data-Link Spectra Search Ranges: Military Application: 4,400 4,900 MHz Civil Application: Refer.: ITU-R WRC07 Preparatory Process [UVS UAV-HDBK] 5,250 5,850 MHz 3,400 4,200 MHz 5,030 5,090 MHz GHz 27.0 GHz [HW availability?] P R O B L E M 9

10 UAS-CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT For the Airworthiness Certification and Usage of UAS within the non-segregated international IFR/VFR Airspace & within the Frequency Region 1 [or worldwide], it is absolutely necessary, that 1. defined, safe & secure frequencies are allocated for CC of any UAS from & to the Pilots at the Ground Control Stations, that 2. for the execution of the payload tasks for each UAV extreme broad-band telemetry-frequencies must be provided and that 3. last not least aeronautical transmitter & reveiver HW [COTS] in the foreseen frequency-spectrum must be available. 10

11 UAS Spectrum Allocation Requirements III THE REQUESTED GENERAL FREQUENCY SPECTRUM ALLO- CATIONS MUST BE CONSIDERED & PROVIDED BY THE: World Radio Conference 2007 Spectra as Interims Solution, or [minimal] A.I Command & Control [AM(R)S] A.I Video Telemetry (for Payload) World Radio Conference 2011 A.I Final UAS Spectrum Allocation Support from all National Delegates requested! 11

12 UAS Spectrum Allocation Activities National Chain & Support towards WRC07: BNetzA Herr Martin Weber BMVBS Herr Werner Kleine-Beek BMWi Herr Alexander Kühn / Frau Warmbold NARFA OTL B. Edelmann, Maj. Günther, Hr. Pawlowski NATO OTL D. Poplawski / GEAR International Support Network: Frankreich Italien Niederlande England Schweden Russland Finnland Süd-Afrika Spanien USA (Region 2) Schweiz Ukraine Österreich 12

13 National & Intern.- UAV Market-Situation Within the different global aircraft industries the development and manufacturing of UAS is at the moment an important & strongly growing [billion] Market, which at the long term saves employment and creates new workmanship, is a replacement for the shrinking market of military manned A/Cs, retains the proper knowledge within the national industries and holds & enlarges the actual technological progress. But: Without safe and secure frequencies no UAS will be certified and therewith cannot fly neither in the segregated nor in the non-segregated National [VFR/IFR] Airspace System [NAS]! Questions? 13

International Civil Aviation Organization. Satellite spectrum to support the safe operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems

International Civil Aviation Organization Satellite spectrum to support the safe operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Loftur Jónasson, Air Navigation Bureau, ICAO 23 May 2012 Convention on International