Connecting Northern Tanzania

Transcription

1 Connecting Northern Tanzania A socio-economic comparison of the alternative routes for a highway from Arusha to Musoma by Frankfurt Zoological Society J. Grant C. Hopcraft (May, 2011)

2 Tanzania s Road Network & New Alternative Routes

3 Three Alternative Routes

4 Three Alternative Routes

5 Three Alternative Routes

6 Elevation and Distance: North Route

7 Elevation and Distance: North Route Total distance: 548 km Elevation change: 1537 m

8 Elevation and Distance: Eyasi Route

9 Elevation and Distance: Eyasi Route Total distance: 628 km Elevation change: 674 m

10 Elevation and Distance: Mbulu Route

11 Elevation and Distance: Mbulu Route Total distance: 692 km Elevation change: 1099 m

12 Elevation and Distance: Summary

13 Elevation and Distance: Summary 1537 m 548 km shortest distance greatest elevation gain too steep for oil / gas pipelines or railways 674 m 628 km least elevation gain 1099 m 692 km longest distance

14 Current Conditions

15 Current Conditions North Route is shortest, but requires the most amount of new pavement (i.e. most expensive) Proposed Route Total Km Km Currently Paved Km Currently All Seasonal Murum Km Currently Seasonal Tracks or No Road Km of new pavement required North Route South Eyasi South Mbulu

16 Estimated Travel Times

17 Estimated Travel Times North Route is shorter distance, but would be longer travel time Proposed Route Total Km Total Km inside Protected Areas (50 km/hr speed limit) Total Km outside Protected Areas (80 km/hr speed limit) Total Travel Time North Route hours South Eyasi hours South Mbulu hours

18 Human Density

19 Human Density fewest number of people connects very few high human density areas (ie red bars)

20 Voter Population

21 Voter Population fewest number of voters

22 Economic Activity

23 Economic Activity fewest number of economically active people connects the least number of economic hubs (red bars)

24 Total Number of Unemployed

25 Total Number of Unemployed largest unemployment in the south number of unemployed people on South Mbulu route is almost equal to total number of people on North route

26 School Aged Children (5-19 years old)

27 School Aged Children (5-19 years old) greatest number of school aged children in the south many centres with large numbers of school aged children (red bars)

28 Access to Agriculture

29 Access to Agriculture twice as much agriculture / km 2 mainly herbaceous crops sold at local markets (and some cash crops) Area under agriculture per km of road Tree / Shrub Crops Herbaceous Crops South Mbulu South Eyasi North Route

30 Livestock Density

31 Livestock Density three times as many livestock than northern route Total number of Livestock within 20km of route South Mbulu South Eyasi North Route

32 Future Agriculture: Rainfall

33 Future Agriculture: Rainfall highest annual rainfall

34 Future Agriculture: Soil Quality

35 Future Agriculture: Soil Quality high average soil fertility but low rainfall

36 Wildebeest Migration: Wet Season

37 Wildebeest Migration: Wet to Dry Transition

38 Wildebeest Migration: Dry Season

39 Threatened Species: Rhino and Wild dog

40 Letter from Tanzania s Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (22, June 2011) 1) The proposed road will not dissect the Serengeti National Park 2) TANAPA will maintain jurisdiction of all roads in the Serengeti for tourism and administration only (not commercial traffic) 3) New paved roads to address the socioeconomic needs of rural communities will not be adjacent to the park (122 km of ecologically sensitive area between Loliondo and Mugumu will be left) 4) The Government of Tanzania is considering the construction of a route south of the park (many donors including the World Bank and the German Government have already offered support)

41 Sources of Data Elevation: NASA SRTM Digital Elevation Model Human demography: Tanzania Bureau of Statistics Livestock: FAO Gridded Livestock of the World 2007 Agriculture, Crops & Rainfall: FAO AfriCover Soil: World Harmonized Soil Data base Maps: Frankfurt Zoological Society and Tanzania National Parks

42 THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM Telegrams: "MALIASILI" P.O. Box 9372 DAR ES SALAAM DAR ES SALAAM Telephone: Fax: On reply please quote: Ref. NO. EA.297?593/01/20 22"d June Director, World Heritage Centre, 7, Place de Fontenoy Paris 07 SP, FRANCE Re: STATE OF CONSERVATION OF SERENGETI NATIONAL PARK The United Republic of Tanzania is honored to take this opportunity to clarify on the proposed tarmac road in northern Tanzania. The proposed road will be constructed in two sections: (i) The eastern stretch of 214 km tarmac road which will be constructed from Mto wa Mbu to Loliondo, (ii) The western stretch tarmac road that will be constructed from Makutano-Natta-Mugumu, a distance of 117 km. The stretch of 12 km from Mugumu to the Serengeti National Park western border plus a corresponding stretch of 57.6 km from Loliondo to Serengeti National Park eastern border will not be tannac. The 53 km section traversing Serengeti National Park will remain gravel road and continue to be managed by TANAPA mainly for tourism and administrative purposes as it is currently. In view of this intended plan of constsuction, the State Party confirms that the proposed road will not dissect the Serengeti National Park and therefore will not affect the migration and conservation values of the Property. The ongoing ESIA will take into consideration these developments and will be submitted to WHC accordingly. This decision has been reached in order to address the increasing socio-economic needs of the rural communities in Northern Tanzania while safeguarding the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of Serengeti National Park. The Government of United Republic of Tanzania is also seriously considering the constsuction of a road from Mugumu to Arusha running south of Ngorongoro Conservation Area and Serengeti National Park. EZEKIEL MAIGE MINISTER FOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM