Life in Ancient Egypt
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1 Life in Ancient Egypt
2 Rapid Fire- SGA Instructions! Groups will have 5 min to create a rapid fire SGA.! Using the information provided, you must say the highlighted words on your resource sheets! You must come up with a title for your SGA! Be creative!
3 Group 1 UNIFICATION OF EGYPT: King Menes unites Upper and Lower Egypt and wears double crown in 3100 BCE. Following Menes came 31 dynasties over 3000 years. AGE OF PYRAMIDS: Era of the Old Kingdom (2690 BCE), Pharaohs were absolute rulers and viewed as a god holding absolute secular and religious power. Stone monuments were embodiment of Pharaoh's power and a medium of immortality. Pyramids evolved from mastabas, then Step Pyramids, most known are Pyramids at Giza ( BCE) IMHOTEP: not a ruler but revered and his life was recorded (architect, medicine, right hand to Pharaoh Djoser ( BCE) NATIONAL GOD AMON-RE : Middle Kingdom: Under Theban Kings (south), the Theban god Amon merged with sun god Re which became Egyptian national god Amon-Re EXODUS: under the leadership of Moses, Hebrew slaves under Rames II leave Egypt in mass migration called Exodus (end of 13 th century BCE). Moses receives the 10 Commandments at Mount Sinai but never find the Promised Land
4 Group 2! Law was governed by religious principle of Ma at! GODDESS MA AT represented truth, righteousness and justice= balance and order! Laws were applied equally to all classes specifically protected the family (children and wives)! Women shared the same legal rights as men (free slaves, make adoptions, divorce, own property)! Punishments for crimes could be quite severe- act as a deterent or disgrace the guilty (Examples: minor crimes had 100 lashes; corrupt officials had their hands amputated; crimes that resulted in a death sentence could have choice= devoured by a crocodile, suicide, burning alive)
5 Wealth Group 3! Agriculture made up most of Egypt s wealth grain, vegetables, fruit, cattle, goats, pigs and fowl! Abundance and management of food supplies (not royal treasury) was the measure of Egypt s wealth = full granaries, plenty of wildlife and fish, and thriving herds were the signs of prosperity. These were the images used in the tombs of the Pharaohs to illustrate the wealth of their reign Economy! Simple economy based on food production and minerals from desert! access to the Mediterranean their routes extended trade as far as Northern Europe, subtropical Africa and the Near East! Trading was done by bartering goods (grain, oil, wheat)! Taxes, salaries and loans were all paid entirely on goods! extensive trading made Egypt a powerful influence on culture, art, ideas and technology (ie. Western calendar was taken from the Romans who had borrowed it from the Egyptians)! Trade eventually grew and expanded, bringing new ideas and goods into Egyptian society
6 Group 4 Role of Men! Head of the family Role of Women! Well treated and had considerable legal rights compared to other civilizations! Left women to be economically independent! Primary role was in domestic life! Common title for a married women in ancient Egypt was nebet per meaning the lady of the house! Bear and raise children! Men could have numerous wives but economically men had only 1 wife! Labourers, craftsmen! Jobs were hereditary Jobs! Labour required for construction projects and was mostly filled by poor, serfs! Stability of Egypt thrived as skilled trades were passed from father to son! Children always learned the trade from parents; seldom could choose occupation
7 Group 5 What is the Rosetta Stone?! The Rosetta Stone is a stone with writing on it in two languages (Egyptian and Greek), using three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek). It was carved in 196 BCE. Why is it in three different scripts?! The Rosetta Stone is written in three scripts (hieroglyphs for religious documents; demoticcommon script of Egypt; Greek- language of the rulers of Egypt at that time)! The Rosetta Stone was written in all three scripts so that the priests, government officials and rulers of Egypt could read what it said. When was the Rosetta Stone found?! The Rosetta Stone was found in 1799 by French soldiers who were rebuilding a fort in Egypt (in a small village in Delta called Rosetta (Rashid) What does the Rosetta Stone say?! The Rosetta Stone is a text written by a group of priests in Egypt to honour the Egyptian pharaoh. It lists all of the things that the pharaoh had done that were good for the priests and the people of Egypt.
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