Exploring Drivers of Fecal Coliform Pollution Trends in the Puget Sound. Washington Commercial Shellfish

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1 9/22/2016 Exploring Drivers of Fecal Coliform Pollution Trends in the Puget Sound Authors: Lindsey Hamilton, Scott Berbells, Lawrence Sullivan, Jean Snyder Washington State Department of Health Washington Commercial Shellfish 105 Growing Areas 270 million dollar industry Cultural Significance 1

2 9/22/2016 Commercial Shellfish Regulation WA Department of Health (DOH) is the designated shellfish authority National Shellfish Sanitation Program RCW requires formation of Shellfish Protection District when a growing area experiences a classification downgrade Shellfish Protection Districts Agriculture On-site Sewage Stormwater Pet Waste 14 active Shellfish Protection Districts doing water quality restoration 2

3 9/22/2016 How are we doing? How have fecal coliform levels in marine waters changed over the last 25 years? Are trends driven by changing environmental factors or water quality restoration efforts? What restoration actions seemed to have significant impacts on water quality? 15 Growing Areas Study Areas Puget Sound Estuary Washington, USA All located in Puget Sound, WA, USA All have had fluctuating water quality Most have had active Shellfish Protection Districts Variety of watershed Characteristics

4 9/22/2016 Growing Area Trend Analysis By Season Multiple Linear Regression Fecal Coliform = α + β 1 + β 2 + β 3 + β 4 Salinity Surface Water Temp Rainfall (API) Sample Date 15 Growing Areas: MLR Trend Results No increasing trends in areas with Shellfish Protection Districts Declining trends detected in 10 out of 15 growing areas No apparent regional trends 4

5 FECAL COLIFORM FC/100 ML Fecal Coliform Geometric Means fc/100 ml 9/22/2016 Dungeness Bay Trends SEASONAL FECAL COLIFORM TRENDS Nov - Jan Feb - Oct Growing Area Box Plots DUNGENESS BAY GROWING AREA Max Estimated 90 th Percentile Geometric Mean Estimated 10 th Percentile Min Failing NSSP 90 th Percentile Standards Failing NSSP Geometric Mean Standards Year 5

6 WATER QUALITY RESTORATION ACTIONS FECAL COLIFORM FC/100 ML 9/22/2016 Restoration Timelines Agricultural BMPs Stormwater Retrofits Pet Waste Campaigns Septic Repairs Wildlife Exclusions DUNGENESS BAY FECAL COLIFORM TRENDS AND RESTORATION TIMELINE Max Estimated 90 th Percentile Geometric Mean Estimated 10 th Percentile Min Clallam Conservation District Agricultural BMP Implementation Matriotti Creek Fencing Projects Rivers End Restoration Project Septic Solutions Irrigation Ditch Pipe and Cap Projects Shellfish Protection District Formed Craft3 Clean Water Loans TMDL Septic System Plan Implementation Targeted Watershed Initiative Grant (TWIG) Expanded Septic System O&M Program 6

7 WATER QUALITY RESTORATION ACTIONS FECAL COLIFORM FC/100 ML Fecal Coliform fc/100 ml 9/22/2016 Dungeness Bay Shoreline Stations ROLLING ESTIMATED 90 TH PERCENTILES FOR STATIONS ALONG INNER SHORELINE OF DUNGENESS BAY An irrigation Pipe and Cap project prevents agricultural water from discharging into the inner bay. DYES INLET FECAL COLIFORM TRENDS AND RESTORATION TIMELINE Max Estimated 90 th Percentile Geometric Mean Estimated 10 th Percentile Min Septic System PIC Projects West Shore WQ Project Surface and Stormwater Management Program Formed Bremerton CSO Reduction Plan Kitsap Lake/Chico Bay Septic System PIC Dyes Inlet Restoration Project Barker Creek Septic PIC Silverdale Stormwater Correction NPDES Phase II Permit 7

8 Fecal Coliform fc/100 ml Fecal Coliform fc/100 ml 9/22/2016 Chico Bay in Dyes Inlet ROLLING ESTIMATED 90 TH PERCENTILES OF CHICO BAY STATIONS Kitsap County Health addressed wildlife and on-site septic system issues in Chico Bay ROLLING ESTIMATED 90 TH PERCENTILES FOR PORTAGE BAY STATIONS MOST INFLUENCED BY THE NOOKSACK RIVER Portage Bay Washington Dairy Nutrient Management Act ROLLING ESTIMATED 90 TH PERCENTILES FOR SOUTH SKAGIT BAY STATIONS NEAREST STILLAGUAMISH RIVER South Skagit Bay Washington Dairy Nutrient Management Act 8

9 Fecal Coliform Geometric Means fc/100 ml WATER QUALITY RESTORATION ACTIONS FECAL COLIFORM FC/100 ML 9/22/2016 HENDERSON INLET FECAL COLIFORM TRENDS AND RESTORATION TIMELINE Max Estimated 90 th Percentile Geometric Mean Estimated 10 th Percentile Min Woodland Creek Watershed Implementation Plan Agricultural BMP Projects Stormwater Infrastructure Improvements Stream Team Education and Restoration Programs Clean Water Farms Ruddell Road Centennial Grant Septic Projects Shellfish Protection District formed Fones Road City of Lacey Pet Waste Stations and Education College Regional Septic O&M Program with Mandatory Dye Testing NPDES Phase II/Lacey Illicit Discharge Program Tanglewilde Hend/Nisq WQ Improvement Woodland Crk Estates Sewer TMDL BMP Response Septic Connection Henderson Inlet Trends By Season Wet Season Dry Season Woodland Creek Stormwater Facility Multiple Stormwater Infrastructure Improvements 9

10 9/22/2016 What We Think All watersheds should have well organized and funded septic operations and maintenance programs, combined with cost share programs. There should adequately funded and staffed programs to provide education, and technical and financial assistance to agricultural operations. We need sustained funding for all of our Shellfish Protection Districts. Thank You! Lindsey Hamilton