Xp-S - p-sim-t -bn-cn- p- ]-cn-wm-a h- -\-Iƒ

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Loreen Robinson
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$- 0100 / 2018 Unkw_ 15 / 1440 d_od BJn 07 / ]pkvxiw 02 / e w 49 Xp-S - p-sim-t -bn-cn- p- ]-cn-wm-a h- -\-Iƒ Aen snωmsv- / 10 apjsamgn C-fw-X-e-ap-d-bn-te- v- e-l-cn-am-^-n-b-ss -Iƒ - /-05 FUn tej\w$

3 / 2018 Unkw_ 15 / 1440 d_od BJn 07 / ]pkvxiw 02 / e w 49 Xp-S - p-sim-t -bn-cn- p- ]-cn-wm-a h- -\-Iƒ Aen snωmsv- / 10 apjsamgn C-fw-X-e-ap-d-bn-te- v- e-l-cn-am-^-n-b-ss -Iƒ - /-05 FUn tej\w in -t m...! A-sX- m -tam-t\? / 06 F-kv-.-F- sf-zo-zv X-ßƒ- - H-cp-a-bp-sS- s]-cp-a- / 15 sa-l-_q-_v- a-z-\n- H- - m-ew ]p-ø-\m-nm-c-øn-\pw {]-am-w-tam?- / 20 aq-k- kz-em-ln,- Im-c- - tem-i-kp-cp-: ap-l-ω-zv- \-_n(kz) / 26 ^-Zv-ep l-jv D-a-cn Izp B Z i\w _pdqpv (\ {X afi-e-ßƒ) `mkw: 2 / 18 hnh: lmcnkv _n keow Ncn{X]Yw kp-sse-am \-_n(a)-: 01 / 29 lp-ssk - k-e-^n,- jm -P- ImgvN hn-[n-bp-ss- I-\-em- w- / 34 C-_v-\p- A-en F-S-Ø-\m- p-i-c Printed, published and owned by K. Sajjad I Printed at Sprint Offset Printers I Kozhikode Published at Kozhikode I I Editor: Usman Palakkazhi Chief Editor: Anil Primrose I Web Editor: Haseeb Elayur I Design, Cover & Layout: Elan Creativo Nerpatham Weekly PB No: 597 EKP Complex Kallai Road Kozhikkode 2 Kerala India Ph: mail@nerpatham.com

$- hmb\ m FgpXp p \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-j-hpw {]-hm-n-i kv-t\-l-øn-se ssh-cp-[-y-hpw tim-tf-pv- ]T-\-Im-e-Øv- H-cp kp-lr-øp-ambp- m-b t^m kw-`m-j-w-am-wv- ap Zn-h-kß-fn \-S- \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-j-ßƒ I- t mƒ Hm$ $tb-ip-{in-kv-xp Cu-sbm-cp Zn-h-kw Ipcn-in-te- -s -s - m-wv- R-ßƒ hn-iz-kn- p- -Xv-.- Cu- Zn-h-k-sØ- R-ßƒ B-tLm-jn- m-dn-.- {]m -Y-\-bpw a- p-am-bn I-gn-bm-dm-Wv- ]-Xn-sh- pw A-h ]-d- p.$

4 - hmb\ m FgpXp p \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-j-hpw {]-hm-n-i kv-t\-l-øn-se ssh-cp-[-y-hpw tim-tf-pv- ]T-\-Im-e-Øv- H-cp kp-lr-øp-ambp- m-b t^m kw-`m-j-w-am-wv- ap Zn-h-kß-fn \-S- \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-j-ßƒ I- t mƒ Hm -a-h- -Xv-. Cu-Ã A-h-[n-bm-b-Xn-\m \m- n -t]m-b A-h-t\m-Sv- B-tLm-j-ß-sfm-s F-ß-s\-bp-s - v tnm-zn- -t mƒ Cu-Ã R- ßƒ-s m-cp B-tLm-j-a-s - m-bn-cp- p A-h ]-d- -Xv-. tb-ip-{in-kv-xp Cu-sbm-cp Zn-h-kw Ipcn-in-te- -s -s - m-wv- R-ßƒ hn-iz-kn- p- -Xv-.- Cu- Zn-h-k-sØ- R-ßƒ B-tLm-jn- m-dn-.- {]m -Y-\-bpw a- p-am-bn I-gn-bm-dm-Wv- ]-Xn-sh- pw A-h ]-d- p. C-kv-e-m-an-I hn-j-b-ß-sf Kuc-h-Øn-se-Sp- m-xn-cp- H-cp k-a-b-am-b-xn-\m A-Xn {]-txy-in-s m- pw txm- n-bn-cp- n-. ap-kv-en-w-i-fn ]-e-cpw d-_o-d A-Δ 12s\- - {]-hm-n-i-s P- -Zn-\-sa- t]-cn B-tLm-jn- m-dp-s - n-epw A- y-{]-hm-n-i ap-l-ω-zv- \- _n P-\n- Zn-h-kw F- m-sw- -Xn-\v- N-cn-{X- Øn Ir-Xy-am-b tc-j-s -Sp-Ø-ep-I-fn-s - v ]n- o-sm-wv- A-dn-bm I-gn- -Xv-. {]-hm-n-i P-\n- Zn-h-k-sØ- p-dn- v- d-_o-d A-Δ 2,8,9,10,12 F- n-ß-s\ ]-e A-`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-ap- v-. A-X- k-^ am-k-øn-em-sw- pw A- d-a-z-m am-k-øn-em-sw- p-sam-s A-`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-s - v C-kv-e-m-an-I N-cn-{X ]-fi-n-x \-sω ]Tn- n- p- p. F- m \m -]-Xm-a-sØ h-b- n {]- hm-n-i-\m-bn \n-tbm-kn- -s - -Xp ap-x a- -bpss-bpw a-zo-\-bp-ss-bpw ]n- o-sv- tem-i-øn-s -bpw X-s {i- m-ti-{μ-am-b A-t±-l-Øn-s th - ]-m-sn-s\- - n N-cn-{X-Øn H-cp-]m-Sv- Im-Wm-hp- -Xm-Wv-. {]-hm-n-i Po-hn-X-Øn am-xr-i-bn- m-ø,- C- kv-e-m-an-i tem-i-øn-s {]-Y-a J-eo-^-am-cn B-cpw \-S-Øn-bn- n- m-ø, H-cp e- -Øn-e-[n-Iw h-cp- {]-hm-n-im-\p-n-c- m -t m A-h-sc I- vh-f - v A-h-cn \n- v a-xw- ]-I -Øn-b Xm-_n- D-Iƒ-t m A-h-cn -\n- v- C-kv-e-m-an-s\ a-\- n- em- n-b A-h-cp-sS- ti-j- m -t m- ]-cn-n-b-an- m-ø H- m-wv- \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-jw F- -Xv-. ss{i-kv-x-h k-aq-lw \-S-Øp- {In-kv-a-kv- B-tLm-j-am-tWm C-Xn-\p {]-tnm-z-\-sa- v kwi-bn- m-sx X-c-an-. D-Æn-tb-ip-hn-\v- ]-I-cw D- Æn ap-l-ω-zpw, Un-kw-_-dn {In-kv-Xy ]- n- Iƒ A-e- -cn- p- -Xv- t]m-se a-kv-pn-zp-iƒ A- e- -cn- -epw Ip-d- v- h -j-ßƒ- v- ap-tº ti-c-f- Øn Xp-S-ßn- -gn- -Xm-Wv.- {In-kv-a-kn-\v- ti- v- ap-dn- p- -Xn-s\ A-\p-I-cn- v- ti- v- ap-dn- epw d-_o-d A-Δ 12se B-tLm-j-Øn-s `m-k-am-bn Xp-S-ßn- -gn- p! ss{i-kv-x-h k-aqlw tb-ip-hn-s P- -Zn-\w F- v ]-d- v- B-tLmjn- m Xn-c-s -Sp-Ø-Xv- tb-ip Ip-dn-in-te- - s - p F- v A-h hn-iz-kn- p- Zn-h-k-a-, A- -h {]m -Y-\-I-fn-epw a- p-am-bv- I-gn-bp-I-bm-bncn- pw. F- m \-_n-zn-\-am-tlm-jn- p- ap-kve-nw k-aq-lw A-Xn-\m-bn Xn-c-s -Sp-Ø-Xv- {]- hm-n-i C-l-tem-Iw sh-sn- p F- v- A-h hn-iz-kn- p-i-bpw ]Tn- n- p-i-bpw sn-øp- Znh-k-sØ-b-m-Wv- F- -Xm-Wv-. A- m-wv- - dm-en-i-fpw I-em ]-cn-]m-sn-i-fpw Z-^v- ap- pw a-[p-cw hn-x-c-ww sn-ø-epw k-ar- -am-b `- -Ww hn-f-º-ep-sam-s - A-h - \-S-Øp- -Xv-! {]-hm-n-i-s Im-en-sem-cp ap- p X-d- p- - Xv- t]m-epw kz- w a-c-w-sø- m-tf-sd A-h sh-dp-øp. kz-i-co-c-sø bp- -th-f-bn {]-hm- N-I-\p-ap- n-sem-cp ]-cn-n-bm- m - A-h - X-ømdm-bn-cp- p. A-{X-b-[n-Iw- \-_n-sb- kv-t\-ln- - A-h - ao-em-zp- -_n- sim- m-snbn- n- -;- H-cn- - t]m-epw.- - s]m-xp-p-\-sø _p- n- n- v- \-Sp-tdm- n - t]mepw- tim-{]m-b-ßƒ- ]-e-xpw- Im- n- B-tLm-jn- p-am-dv- {]-hm-n-i kv-t\-lw C-h-cn - \n-d-s mgp-ip- p-sh- n B-Zyw sn-tø- -Xv- A-Xn-\m-bn d-_o-d A-Δ 12 Xn-c-s -Sp- m-xn-cn- p-i F- -Xm-Wv-. s{si-kv-x-h k-aq-l-sø-t m-se A- Xn-\m-bn a-s m-cp Zn-h-kw Xn-c-s -Sp- p-i. A- ß-s\ A-h-sc Nm-Wn-\p-Nm-Wm-bn- ]n -]- p-i.- dnbmkv AlΩZv A c n 4

5 - C-fw-X-e-ap-d-bn-te- v- \o-fp- - e-l-cn-am-^-n-b-ss -Iƒ- apjsamgn e-l-cn-bp-]-tbm-k-hpw- e-l-cn-_m-[n- h- - \-S-Øp- - Ip- -Ir-Xy-ß-fpw- \-Ωp-sS- \m- n - \mƒ- p-\mƒ- h -[n- p-sim-t bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv.- Ip- -Ir-Xy-ßƒ- h -[n- p-h-m-\p- - {]-[m-\- Im-c-Ww- e-l-cn- D- ]-tbm-k-am-sw- v- s]m-eo-kv- D-tZym-Kÿ - X-s - hy- -am- p- p.- a-zy-øns -bpw- a-b- p-a-cp- n-s -bpw- e-l-cn-bn sn-øp- - sim-spw-{iq-c-x-i-fp-ss- sr- n- p- - hm -Ø-I-fp-am-bm-Wv- F- pw- - Zn-\- -{X-ßƒ- \-Ωp-sS- ]-Sn-I-S-s -Øp- -Xv.- kv-iqƒ,- tim-tf-pv- hn-zym -Yn-Iƒ- n-sbn - e-l-cn-bp-]-tbm-kw- hym-]-i-am-bn-s m- n-cn- p-i-bm-sw- hm- -Ø-Iƒ- c- n- Xm- -fp-ss- D-d- w-si-sp-øn-s m- n-cn- p- p.- ssl-kv-iq-fn - ]-Tn- p- - s] - Ip- n-iƒ- t]m-epw- e-l-cn-h-kv-xp- ƒ- v- A-Sn-a-s - p-sim- n-cn- p- p.- kv-iq-fn-tes - v- ]-d- v- ho- n -\n- n-d-ßn- ]m - n-epw- _o- n-epw- A-\y-]p-cp-j- -m-cp-ambn- "X-e-In-dp-ßn'- I-d-ßn- \-S- p- p-! C-fw-X-e-ap-d- e-l-cn-h-kv-xp- ƒ- vh -[n- - txm-xn - A-Sn-a-I-fm-bn-s m- ncn- p- p- F- h-kv-xp-x- p- t\-sc- D-Øc-hm-Z-s - -h - I-Æ-S- p-i-bm-sw- n - A-Xn-s - A-\- -c-^-ew- {]-h-n-\m-xo-x-ambn-cn- pw.- cm-jv -{So-b- ]m - n-iƒ-,- a-x-kw-l- S-\-Iƒ,- kmw-kv-im-cn-i- Iq- m-bv-a-iƒ...- F- m-h-cpw- Cu- ]p-gp- p-øn-s\- ]n-gp-xp-am- p-hm - _- -{i- -cm-ti- n-bn-cn- p- p.- e-l-cn-a-cp- v- am-^n-b-iƒ- kv-iq-fp-ifn - t]m-epw- ]n-sn-ap-dp- n-s m- n-cn- p- I-bm-Wv.- hn-zym -Yn-I-sf- C-S-\n-e- m-cm- n- I- m-hv- hn -]-\- X-Ir-Xn-bm-bn- \-S- psim- n-cn- p- p.- kv-iq-fn-se-øn-b- tijw- A-[-ym-]-I-c-dn-bm-sX- "ap-ßn-'-bm-wv- ]- e- hn-zym -Yn-I-fpw- I- -m-hv- I- -h-sw- \-S- Øp- -Xv.- ÿn-cw- B-h-iy- m - -m-wv- C- Ø-c-Øn - F-Øn- p-i.- I- -m-hn-\v- A- Sn-a-s - - hn-zym -Yn-Iƒ- v- ku-p-\y-am-bn- 5 I- -m-hpw- ]n-s - I-Ωo-j-\pw- \ -In- A-h - h-cp-xn-bn- em- p- p.- - k-l-]m-tn-i-sf- I- m-hn-te- v- B-I -jn- nt - - Np-a-X-e-bpw- C-h - p-x-s.- kv-iqƒ- ]-cn-k-cß-fn - e-l-cn-h-kv -X-p- -fp-ss- hn- -]-\- v - I-S-p-Ø- \n-b- { -W-ß-fp-s - n-epw- \n -_m-[w- I- -h-sw- \-S- p- p.- e-l-cn-bp-ss- ]p-xp-h-gn-i-fm-wv- ]p-xp-x-e-ap-d- A-t\zjn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv.- l-jo-jv,- sim-s -bv,- I- mhv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h- Iq-Sm-sX- ]p-xp-x-e-ap-d-bn - s]- - Fw.- Un.-Fw.-F,- F.-F-kv -Un- kv - m-ºp-iƒ,- F-Iv -kv - -kn- ]n kp-iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b- e-l-cn-h-kv-xp- -fpw- - hym-]-i-am-bns m- n-cn- p- p.- -ssh- v-\-dpw- B-kv-X-a- pw- Iym -kdn-\pw- D-]-tbm-Kn- p- - a-cp- p-i-fp-sam-s - sn-e-hp- Ip-d- - e-l-cn-h-kv-xp- -fm-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn- -s -Sp- p.- Po-hn-X-sa- n-\v- F- - tnm-zy-øn-\v- i-cn-bm-b- D- Ø-cw- \-Ωp-sS- a- ƒ- v- e-`n-t - -Xp- v.- Xn- pw- Ip-Sn- pw- Iq-Øm-Sn-bpw- kz-bw- a-d- pw- ar-k-k-am-\-ambn- Po-hn- v- C-l-tem-I-tØm-Sv- bm-{x- ]-d-tb- -h-c- - \-Ωƒ- F- pw- G-sd- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß-ƒ- sn-bv-xp-xo - m-\p-s - pw- - D-Zm-Ø-am-b- e- yw- Po-hn-X-Øn-\p-s - pw- A-h - v- t_m-[y-am-i-ww.- C-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Cu- hn-j-b-øn-ep- - C-kv-em-an-s - \n-e-]m-sv- {]-k- -am-ip- -Xv.- hy- -n-i-sf-bpw Ip-Spw- _-sø-bpw k-aq-l-sø-bpw Zp-jn- n- p-i-bpw \-in- n- p-i-bpw sn-øp- k-i-e-hn-[ e-l-cn-h-kv-xp- -sfbpw C-kv-emw \n-jn- -am- n-bn-cn- p- p; e-l-cn-_m- [n- m-ø-{x sn-dn-b A-f-hm-sW- n t]m-epw. Im-c- Ww, C-kv-emw a-\p-jy-s\ B-Z-cn- p- p. e-l-cn-bn ap-ßn Po-hn-Xw Xp-e- m a-\p-jy-s\ C-kv-emw A- \p-h-zn- p- n-. e-l-cn-bn A-en- p-xo-cm-\p- -X- a-\p-jy-s - Po-hn-Xw. A-Xv-sIm- p-x-s hn-ip- Iz-p -B a-zy-hpw Nq-Xm- -hpw A-S- -ap-, i-{xp-xbpw hn-tzz-j-hpw C-f- n hn-sp-i-bpw \m-i-tl-xp-hpam-b F- m Xn- -I-sf-bpw hn-tcm-[n- p. hn-ip- Iz-p - B ]-d-bp- p: ""]n-im-nv D-t±-in- p- -Xv a-zy-øn-eq-ss-bpw Nq-Xm- -Øn-eq-sS-bpw \n-ßƒ- n-s-bn i-{xp-x-bpw hn-tzz-jhpw D-f-hm- p-hm-\pw A- m-lp-sh Hm -an- p- -Xn \n- pw \-a-kv-im-c-øn -\n- pw \n-ß-sf X-S-bp-hm-\pw am-{x-am-ip- p. A-Xn-\m \n-ßƒ (A-h-bn -\n- v) - hn-c-an- p-hm H-cp- -ap-t m?'-'(5:91).

$F-kv-.-F- sf-zo-zv X-ßƒ- - aydeed41@gmail.com tej\w in -t m...! A-sX- m -tam-t\? Hm-Sv-ta- B ]-g-b X-d-hm- n-te- v I-b-dn-s - p-tºmƒ c- v aq- v kv-{xo-iƒ am-{x-am-bn-cp- p A-hn-sS D- m-bn-cp- -Xv.$

6 F-kv-.-F- sf-zo-zv X-ßƒ- - aydeed41@gmail.com tej\w in -t m...! A-sX- m -tam-t\? Hm-Sv-ta- B ]-g-b X-d-hm- n-te- v I-b-dn-s - p-tºmƒ c- v aq- v kv-{xo-iƒ am-{x-am-bn-cp- p A-hn-sS D- m-bn-cp- -Xv. ]p-d-øp- m-bn-cp- - B kv-{xo-iƒ R-ß-sf- I- -bp-s-s\ X- w X-e-bn-te- v-h-en- n- v A- I-tØ- v Hm-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp- p. ]-e ap-kv-enw kv-{xo-i-fn-epw km-[m-c-w I- p-h-cm-dp- {]-Ir-X-am- Wn-Xv. _-kv Ãm n-tem A-ßm-Sn-bn-tem sh- v bm-zr- -n-i-am-bn Xm-Sntbm, X-e-s -t m D- -h-sc I- m am-{xw Du - p-t]m-b X- w X-e-bnte- v [r-xn-bn h-en- n-sp- H-cp kz-`m-hw. F- m ]-d-ºn tx-ßbn-sm h-cm-dp- -h-sc-tbm- ao -Im-c-s\-tbm- a-t m- I- m-tem X-ß-fpsS X-e-b - X- -an-s-w-sa- v- Hm -a- A-h - p- m-in-.- G-Xm-bm-epw- A-h-cp-sS- A-\p-hm-Zw- In- n-b-t mƒ- Np-a-cn \n-d-sb cmjv-{so-b t\-xm- - m-cp-ss t^m-t m-iƒ s{^-bn-w sn-bv-xv sh- B ho- nte- v R-ßƒ {]-th-in- p.- 6

$F-ß-s\- Xp-S-ß-W-sa- - i- -bn-em-bn-cp- p- Rßƒ.- ap-pm-ln-zv- k-tω-f-\-øn-te- v -Wn- m h- -Xm-sW- v ]-d-bp- -Xv a- -Ø-c-am-hn-t?$

7 F-ß-s\- Xp-S-ß-W-sa- - i- -bn-em-bn-cp- p- Rßƒ.- ap-pm-ln-zv- k-tω-f-\-øn-te- v -Wn- m h- -Xm-sW- v ]-d-bp- -Xv a- -Ø-c-am-hn-t? Ckve - mw a-xs - a- m Ip-sd- am-ei - f - pw- au-eq-zp-if - p-w Pm-d-hpw B- pw t\ - -bpw ssi-jpw tjm-p-bpsa- mw A-S-ßn-b F-s m-s -tbm B-sW- v- [cn- v- sh- n-cp- p- -h-cp-ss- Iq- -Øn-em-Ipw- C-h-sc - Im-cy-Øn - kw-i-b-an-.- Im-c-Ww- ap-pm-ln-zpi-fp-ss- i-_v-z-sa-øm-ø- {]-tz-i-am-w-xv.a -]-t\-c-sø- B-tem-N-\- v- ti-jw- "R-ßƒ h-cp- h-gn- v C-S-h-gn-bn H-cp aq -J ]m-ºns\ I- p' F- v ]-d- v Rm kw-km-c-øn-\v Xp-S- -an- p.""tl...-sl- v...-aq -J ]m-tºm?... ]m-tºm...? Fhn-sS? F-hn-sS...?''- -aq-h-cpw- t_-pm-tdm-ss- tnm-zn- p.""mm...-aq -J ]m-ºv X-s!''""F- n- v- -\n-ßƒ sim-t m?''""tl-bv... sim- p-i-tbm?- -A-Xn-\v ]m-sº-hn-ss?''""\n-ßƒ- X-s -b-t - ]-d- -Xv?''- A-h - ]-c-kv]-cw- t\m- n.""rm ]-d- p Xo - n- -t m? A-Xn-\v ap-tº \n-ß-sf- m-h-cpw C-ß-s\ t]-sn- mtem? Rm ]m-ºn-s\ I- p F- ;- Rm h-gn-bn - H-cp ]m-ºn-s\ I- p F- v ]-d- m ]n-s B h-gn t]m-im \n-ßƒ- v `-b-ap- mhn-t F- m-wv ]-d-bm-\p-t±-in- -Xv.''""R-ßƒ- F-ß-s\- t]-sn- m-xn-cn pw.- C-S-bv- n-ss- ]m-ºn-s\- Im-Wmdp- -Xm...''- Iq- -Øn - h-b- m-b- kv{xo- ]-d- p.""t\m- q-;- -H-cp ]m-ºn-s\- - n ]-d -t m-tg- pw \n-ßƒ F-{X I- v `-b-s - p! D-{K hn-j-ap- ]m-ºn-s\bpw tx-fn-s\-bpw H-s \mw- `-bs -Sp- p F- -Xv i-cn-x-s. F m, A-Xn-t\- m-sf-{x-tbm G-sd `-b-s -ts- -Xm-b- H-cm-]-Øv \m-sf \-ap-s - mw h-cm-\n-cn- p- p F- Ku-c-h-ap- - H-cp Im-cyw \n-ß-sf Hm -Ω-s -Sp-Øp-I- F- -Xm-Wv- Ct mƒ R-ßƒ h- -Xn-s D-t±-iw.''""]-S- d- n-s in- In- p- Imcy-sØ- - n h- -Xpw ]-d-bm-\m-bn-cn pw A-t? \n-ß-fp-ss- Xm-Sn- I- t mƒ- a-\- n-em-bn.- R-ß-sfm-s t\-c-tøm-sv t\-cw \n-kv-i-cn- m-dp v. t\m-ºv- t\m - m-dp- v. A-dn- 7 v sim- v R-ß-fm-cpw H-cp sx pw sn-øp-t m-c-. ]n-s - n-\v Rß-fv \-c-i-øn-se in- -sb- - n t_pm-dm-i-ww?''""\n-ßƒ- ]-d-bp- -Xv- i-cn-bm-bn-cn mw.- ]-t,- \mw sn-øp- A-a-epI-sfm-s A- m-lp \-Ωn \n- pw kzo-i-cn- -W-sa- n \mw H-cn- t]m-epw in - v sn-øm-ø-h-cm-bn-cn -Ww. in - v sn-øp- H-cm-fp-sS-bpw I -a-ßƒ A- m-lp kzo-i-cn- p-i-bn F- -Xm-Wv {]-[m-\-am-bpw \mw Adn- n-cn-t - Im-cyw.''""in -t m...-?- A-sX- m- -tam-t\?''{]m-bw- sn- kv-{xo-bp-ts-xm-bn-cp- p B tnm-zyw-! ]p-tcm-ln-x h -Kw Cu k-ap-zm-bsø F-{X-am-{Xw- A- -X-bn-em-Wv X-f- n- n-cn- p- -sx- v A-t mƒ Nn n- p-t]m-bn. F- m-wv "in - v' F v-t]m-epw a-\- n-em-hm-sx in - v sn-bvx - v F-{X t] - Po-hn- v a-cn- v t]m-

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8 bn- p- m-hpw \-Ωp-sS- \m- n -! C-Xp-t]m-se- F-{X-t] - A-X-dn-bmsX- Po-hn- p-sim- n-cn- p- p-! C-Ø-cw \n -`m-kyhm- m-cm-b B-fp-I-s-f k-ao-]n- v- A-h - v Xu-lo-Zn-s sh-fn- w F-Øn- p sim-sp- m `m-kyw kn- n- -txm - Øv Rm A- m-lp-hns\ kv-xp-xn- p-t]m-bn. ""A- m-lp-hn-\v- am- {Xw- A-h-Im-i-s - -Xv- A-h-\- m-ø-h - v- h-i-sh- p-sim-sp- p- -Xm-Wv- in - v.''- ""A-Xv- R-ßƒ- sn-øp- n-.- \n-kv- Im-c-hpw t\m-ºp-sam-s - A- m- v- th- n- am-{x-am-wv- R-ßƒ- sn-øp- -Xv.''- ""{]m -Y-\-bpw- t\ - -I-fpw- h-gn-]m- Sp-I-fp-sa- mw- A- m-lp-h-n-t\m-sm-i- Ww.- A-h-s - am-{xw- s]m-cp-øw- tx- Sn-bm-I-Ww.-''- C-Xv- ti- -t mƒ- A-h - ]-c-kv-]-cw- t\m- n.- ""A- m-lp-hn-t\m-ts- R-ßƒ- {]m - Yn- -m-dp- q.- F- m - t\ ''- hr- - kv-{xo- A -t[m- n-bn - \n -Øn.- ""t\ -...?''- ""A-Xv-...- Po-em-\n- ssi-jn-s - t]- cn-sem-s - t\ - -bm- m-dp- v...''- ""ssi-jn-t\m-sv- {]m -Y-n- m-dp- t m?''- ""tl-bv...- A-Xn-.- ssi-jn-t\m-sv- tx- Sm-dp- v-;- A- -m-lp-hn-s - Im-h - hm- ßn-Ø-cm.''- ""\n-ßƒ- ]-d- - Cu- tx- w- X-s bm-wv- C-Øm- {]m -Y-\.- A- m-lp-hnt\m-sv- am-{xw- \-S-tØ- -Xv.- A-Xvssi-Jn-t\m-Sv- \-S-Øn-bm - in - m- Wv.- \-c-iw- D-d- m- p- - Ip- w.''- ""A- - a- -tf,- \n-ßƒ- R-ß-sf- \-c-i-øn-em- m - h- -h-cm-twm?- R- ß-sf- D-kv-Xm-Zp-am - ]-d- p-x-cp- tx- R-ßƒ- sn-øp- p- q.-''- ""B-cv- ]-d- n-s - m?- A- m-lp- ]- tem-i-øn-s - \m-\m-`m-k-øp-\n- v- \m-\m-hn-[- `m-j-ifn - tim-sn- -W- -n-\m-fp-iƒ- H-tc-k-a-bw- hn-fn- p- tx- Sn-bm - Po-em-\n- ssi-jn-\v- D-Ø-cw- \ -Im-\p- - I-gn-hv- D-s- - m-wv- hn-iz-kn- p- -Xv.- A-Xv- A- m-lp-hn-s - I- gn-hm-wv.- B- I-gn-hv- th-sd- B - p-s - -v- hn-iz-kn- mepw- A-Xn-s - t]-cv- in - v- F- m-wv.- A- m-lp- s]m-dp- m-ø,- F- m- I -a-ß-fp-ss-bpw- {]-Xn-^-ew -\-jv-s-s -Sp- Øp- - a-l-m- A-]-cm-[w. d- -Xn-s\-Xn-cv- sn-bv-xm - F-ß-s\- c- - In- pw?''- ""Po-em-\n- ssi-jn-t\m-sv- tx-sm - ]m-sn- - F- v- A- m-lp- ]-d- n- p-t m- a- -tf?''- ""A-ß-s\- Im-Wn-.- A- m-lp-hn-t\m-sv- am-{x-ta- Zp-B- sn-øm - ]m-sp- q- F- v- ]-d- n- p- v.- A- t mƒ- A-Xn - Po-em-\n-b-S- w- F- m-h-cpw- s]-spw.''- ""A-h - v- A- m-lp- sim-sp-ø- I-gn-hn - \n- vtnm-zn- m - sx- - - F- m-wv- D-kv-Xm-Zp-am - h-afn -]-d- p- ti- n- p- -Xv.-''- ""a-c-w-s - - ti-jw- A-h-cp-sS- I-gn-hv- Iq-Sp-I-bmtWm- Ip-d-bp-I-bm-tWm- sn-øp-i?''- ""A-Xv...- ]n-s...-''- ""kw-i-bw- th- - C-Øm.- a-c-w-tøm-ss- F- m- I-gn-hpw- \-jv-s-s -Spw.- A-Xp-sIm- m-w-t m- \-Ωƒa-c-n- -h-sc- Iz-_v-dn - aq-sp- -Xv.- F- m- I-gn-hp-ap- h-sc- Iz-_v-d-S- p- -Xv- i-cn-bm-twm?''- ""A-ß-s\- tnm-zn- m...-''- 8

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9 ""\n-ßƒ- D-Ø-c-Øn-\m-bn- _p- n-ap-t -.- tem- I-Øn-s - \m-\m-`m-k-øp-\n- v- \m-\m-hn-[- `m-j-ifn - tim-sn- -W- -n-\m-fp-iƒ- H-tc-k-a-bw- hn-fn- ptx-sn-bm - Po-em-\n- ssi-jn-\v- D-Ø-cw- \ -Im-\p- - I-gn-hv- D-s- - m-wv- \n-ßƒ- hn-iz-kn- p- -Xv.- A-Xv- A- m-lp-hn-s - I-gn-hm-Wv.- B- I-gn-hv- th-sd- B - p-s - -v- hn-iz-kn- m-epw- A-Xn-s - t]-cv- in - v- F- m-wv.- A- m-lp- s]m-dp- m-ø.- F- m- I - a-ß-fp-ss-bpw- {]-Xn-^-ew -\-jv-s-s -Sp-Øp- - a-l-m- A-]-cm-[w.''- ""R-ß-sf- v- sn-øm-\m?- D-kv-Xm-Zp-am - ]-d-bp- - Xpw- ho- n-ep- - B-Wp-ßƒ- ]-d-bp- -Xpw- A-\-p-kcn- m-xn-cn- m - I-gn-bn-. ]n-s - \-Ωp-sS- {]-bmk-sam-s - _-Zv-co-ß-tfm-Spw- Po-em-\n-tbm-Sp-sam-s - ]-d-bp-tºmƒ- \o-ßn-t m-im-dp- v.- ]n-s - C-sXm- pw- ]- q-em- v- F-ß-s\-...''- ]m-h-ß-fp-ss- \n-jv-i-f- -X-bpw- a-x- ]-c-am-b- A-dn-hn- m-bv-a-bpw- Nq-j-WwsN-øp- - ]p-tcm-ln-x- m-tcm-sv- h- m- Ø- tz-jyw- txm- n- Cu- hm- p-iƒ- ti- -t mƒ.- Xu-lo-Zn-s - {]m-[-\y-hpw- in- - ns - Ku-c-h-hpw- hn-i-z-o-i-cn- v- sim-sp- Ø-t mƒ- Ip-d-s m-s - Dƒ-s m- m - A-h - v- km-[n- -Xm-bn- a-\- n-em-bn.- a-\- n-em-b- Im-cyw- ho- n-se- ]p-cp-j- m-cp-am-bn- ]- p-sh- p-hm-\pwkm-[n- p- -{X- Xu-lo-Zn - A-Sn-bpd- v- \n - p-hm-\pw- in - n-s\- A- tß-b- w- `-b- v- Po-hn- p-hm-\pw- D-]- tz-in- p-sim- v- R-ßƒ- B- ho- n - \n- v- C-d-ßn.- Ne\ßƒ C-cp-]-Øn-aq- m-a-xv s{]m-^v-tim {]-Jym-]n- p tim- - : hn-kv-uw C-kveman-Iv Ãp-U v- kv Hm -K-ss\-tk-j kw-ÿm-\ k-an-xn kw- L-Sn- n- p- C-cp-]-Øn aq- m-a-xv s{]m-^-j- W Ãp-U -kv t m-_ tim -^-d -kv "s{]m-^vtim ' am - v 8 ap-x 10 h-sc s]- cn- -a-æ-bn \-S- pw. s{]m-^v-tim {]-Jym-]-\ k-tω-f-\w hnkv-uw C-kvem-an-Iv bq-øv Hm -K-ss\-tk-j kw-ÿm-\ P-\-d sk-{i- -dn si. k mzv D-Zv- Lm-S-\w sn-bv-xp. hn-kv-uw Ãp-U -kv kw- ÿm-\ ssh-kv {]-kn-u v tum. ]n.]n \-ko- ^v A-[y- -X h-ln- p. hn-kv-uw C-kvem-an-Iv Hm -K-ss\-tk-j Pn- m sk-{i- -dn ]n.]n d- jo-zv Im-c- p-dw, hn-kv-uw sl -Øv hnwkv P-\- d sk-{i- -dn ]n jm-lp l-ao-zv, ku-zn a- X-Im-cy h-ip- v a-e-bm-fn hn-`m-kw {]-t_m-[- I k-ao ap-t -cn, hn. sk-ep A-_q-_-, k-øn-zv ap-l-ω-zv a-jv-lq, C -jm-zv kz-em-ln, si ap-\-δ, kn hn A-ko F- n-h kwkm-cn- p. 9

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10 Aen snωmsv Ih tãmdn Xp-S psim-t -bn-cn- p- ]-cn-wm-a h- -\-Iƒ kq- v-a-hpw ÿq-e-hp-am-b Zr-iy-{]-]- -Øn-se A-t\-Im-bn-cw tim-sn ssp-h-ssh-hn-[y-ß-sf {k- m-hn-s km- n-[y-sø am- n \n -Øn hn-i-zo-i-cn- m a-\-pjy I-s -Øn-b D]mbamWv ]-cn-wm-a-kn- m- -w. ti-hew Ip-td A-\p-am-\-ßƒ am-{x-am-bn-c-p n- p Iq-Sn im-kv-{x-tem-i-øv C-Xn-\v ta hn-em-kw I-s -Øm km- [n- -p F Xv k -h tem-i c- n-xm-hm-b {k- m-hn-s\ \n-tj-[n- p F- -Xv sim v am-{x-am-wv. F- m, imkv-{x-]t-\w ]p-tcma-k-an- pw txm-dpw ]-cn-wm-a-kn- m- -Øn-s A-Sn-th-cn-f-Ip- Im-gv-N-bm-Wv I- p-h-c-p - Xv. C-Xn-s\ a-dn-i-s- m ]-cn-wm-a-hm-zn-iƒ \-S-Øn-b X- n- p-iƒ G-sd c-k-i-c-am-wv. `q-an-bn-se G- -hpw a-l-øm-b Zr-iy-hn-kv-a-b-am-Wv- ssp-h-ssh-hn- [y-ßƒ! H-cp tim-iw F- v t]m-epw ]-d-bm km-[y-a- m-ø,- kq- va-z -in-\n-bn-eq-ss- t]m-epw Zr-iy-am-Im-Ø kq- v-a ssp-h-km- n-[yw ap-x Xn-anw-K-ew,- B-\ t]m-ep- -h- - h-sc-bp- `o-am-im-c-ß-fm-b P- p-tem-iw.- B- ssp-h tem-i-øn-se A-Xn-_p- n-am F- v kz-bw A-`n-am-\n- m ti-jn-bp- Po-hn-bm-b- a-\p-jy! C-{X-bpw a-l-ømb ssp-h-tem-i-sø- hn-i-i-e-\w sn-øm _p- n-am-\m-b a-\p-jy kz-bw B-hn-jv-I-cn- H- m-wv- ]-cn-wm-a-kn- m- w.- ]-cn-wm-a-hm-z-øn- \v hym-]-i-am-b kzo-im-cy-x h- -Xv Nmƒ-kv Um -hn X-s - "Po-h-Pm-Xn-I-fp-sS D -]-Øn'- F- {K-Ÿw {]-kn- o-i-cn- -Xv ap-x-em- Wv.- ]-t,- A-Xn-\v \q- m- p-iƒ- v- ap-ºpw ssp-h ]-cn-wm-aw F- kn- m- -hpw Nn- -I-fpw tc-j-s - p-in-s- p- p-.-v Um -hn-s - ]-cn-wm-a kn- m- -Øn-\v A- -sø {]-txy-i N-cn-{X km-l-n-cyw Iq-Sp-X kzo-im-cy-xbp- m- n F- -Xv h-kv-xp-x-bm-wv.- bq-tdm- n-se hym-hkm-bn-i hn-π-h-hpw Xp-S - v I-a-yq-Wn-Ãv kzm-[o-\-hp-am-wv ]-cn-wm-a kn- m- -Øn-\v kzo-im-cy-x h -[n- n- -Xv

$- ]-e-t m-gpw kq-{x- -Wn-I-fpw X- n- p- I-fpw- am-{x-a- sim-spw N-Xn-Iƒ X-s -bm-wv- C-h \-S-Øn-bn- p- -Xv.$

11 3 ]-cn-wm-a hn-izm-kw im-kv-{xo-b-hpw hm-kv-x-h-hpw- B- sw- v sx- n- -cn- n- m ]-cn-wm-a hm-zn-iƒ- Nn-ekq-{X- -Wn-I-fpw X- n- p-i-fpw Xp-S-ßn-sh- -Xv C- pw C- -se-bp-a-.- ]-e-t m-gpw kq-{x- -Wn-I-fpw X- n- p- I-fpw- am-{x-a- sim-spw N-Xn-Iƒ X-s -bm-wv- C-h \-S-Øn-bn- p- -Xv.- X-s - hn-z-kv-[ I-c-ß-fm A-Xn-at\m-l-c Nn-{X-ß-fpw I-em-kr- n-i-fpw \n -a-n- n-cp- G-W-kv- v- sl-bv- -em-wv- kp-μ-c kv-si- p-i-fm - A- Xn-\v Xp-S- w Ip-dn- -Xv F- v a-\- n-em- m - km-[n- p- p.- sl-bv- -en-s - B-bn-c- -W- n-\v Nn-{Xßƒ- A- m-e-øpw C- m-e-øpw ]-cn-wm-a hn-izmk-øn-s - "im-kv-{xo-b'- sx-fn-hp-i-fm-wv! B-Zy-Im-e-Øv- ]-cn-wm-a-øn-\v sx-fn-hp-i-fm-bn Nq- n- m- n-bn-cp- -Xv t^m-kn-ep-i-sf-bm-bn-cp- p.- Um -hn A- m-cyw X-s {K-Ÿ-Øn {]-txy- Iw F-Sp-Øv ]-d- n- p- v.- F- v am-{x-a- a-[yh -K- t^m-kn-ep-i-fp-ss A-`m-hw X-s - kn- m- - Øn-\v \n-e-\n - m-\p- tbm-ky-x(survival for fittest) \- -s -Sp-Øp-sa- pw `-b-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cp- p.-(1) - ssp-h-tem-i-sø hn-i-zo-i-cn- m a-\p-jy B- hn-jv-i-cn- H-tc-sbm-cp kn- m- w ]-cn-wm-a-hm-zam-sw- v- kq-nn- n- p-h-t m.- A-Xn-s - A-im-kv-{Xob-X-bpw im-kv-{x hn-cp- -X-bpw ]-cn-tim-[n- m-\p- {i-a-a- Cu Ip-dn- n-ep- -Xv. ]-cn-wm-a-im-kv-{x-im-j-sb- ]-t,- Nn-e- {]-Xyb-im-kv-{X- h- m- ƒ- kz- -am- n-bn- p- v.- B- {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X- C-S-s]-S - X-s -bm-wv- ]-cn-wma-sø- A- pw- C- pw- \-bn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv.- tem-tim-ø-c-sa- v ]-d-b-s -Sp- ]-cn-wm-a ]T-\ {K-Ÿ-ß-fn - - t]m-epw Cu- {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{Xm- - X-bpw- A-im-kv-{Xo-b-X-bpw- -\n-d- p-\n - p- -Xmbn- Im-Wm-hp- -Xm-Wv.- F- m-e-øpw ssz-h-\n-tj-[-øn-\v ]-gp-xp-iƒ- A-t\z-jn- p \-S- p-i-(science of gape) F- -Xv \n-co-iz-c-hn-izm-kn-i-fp-ss B-Z -i-am-bn-cp- p.- C- v A-h-cp-sS B-sI-bp- ]n-sn-h- n-bm-h-s - ]-cn-wma-{]-xy-bim-kv-{x-am-wv.- A-Xp-sIm- v X-s -bm-wv am -Iv-kpw Gw-K -kpw A-Xn-s\- ]m-eq- n-h-f -Ønb-Xv.- (2) - ]-cn-wm-a-hm-zw {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-h -I-cn- s - -txm-ss A-Xn-\v C- m-ø "im-kv-{xo-b'- sx-fnhp-iƒ kr- n- -s -ts- A-\n-hm-cy-X-bpw {]-Xyb-im-kv-{X h- m- ƒ- v D- m-bn.- A-Xv A- mew ap-x C- pw Xp-S - p-sim-t -bn-cn- p- p.- A-Xn-se Nn-e Ip-{]-kn- G-Sp-I-sf-b-m-Wv \mw- C-Xn - hn-i-i-e-\-øn-\v- hn-t[-b-am- p- -Xv.- 11 sl-bv- - h-c-iƒ ]-cn-wm-a hn-izm-kw im-kv-{xo-bhpw hm-kv-x-h-hpw- B-sW- v sx- n- -cn- n- m ]-cn-wm-a hm-zn-iƒ- Nne- kq-{x- -Wn-I-fpw X- n- p-i-fpw Xp- S-ßn-sh- -Xv C- pw C- -se-bp-a- F- v ]-d- p-h-t m.- ]-e-t m-gpw kq- {X- -Wn-I-fpw X- n- p-i-fpw- am-{x-a- sim-spw N-Xn-Iƒ X-s -bm-wv- C-h \-S-Øn-bn- p- -Xv.- X-s - hn-z-kv-[ I-cß-fm A-Xn-a-t\m-l-c Nn-{X-ß-fpw I-em-kr- n-i-fpw \n -a-n- n-cp- G-Wkv- v- sl-bv- -em-wv-(ernst Haeckel) ( ) (3) - X-s - kp-μ-c kv-si- p- I-fm - A-Xn-\v Xp-S- w Ip-dn- -Xv F- v a-\- n-em- m - km-[n- p- p.- sl-bv- -en-s - B-bn-c- -W- n-\v Nn- {X-ßƒ- A- m-e-øpw C- m-e-øpw ]-cn-wm-a hn-izm-k-øn-s - "im-kv-{xob'- sx-fn-hp-i-fm-wv! {]-kn- o- I-cn- {`q-w-h-f - -sb sx-fn-bn- p- H-cp I-em-kr- n (4) -A-Sp-Ø-Im-e- Øpw \-Ωp-sS kv-iqƒ hn-zym -Y-n-Iƒ ]Tn- m hn-[n- -s - n-cp- p.- Nn-{Xw: 1 Nn-{Xw 1 Im-Wp-I.- a- yw,- D-c-Iw,- D-`-b-Po-hn,- ]- n,- k-kv-x-\n,- a-\pjy Xp-S-ßn-b- \-s - p-i-fp- - F- m- Po-hn-I-fpw- {`q-wm-h-ÿ-bn a- yw,- ]- n Xp-S-ßn-b ]-cn-wm-a L- -ßƒ B-h -Øn- p- p- F- v- k-a - Y-n- p- Nn-{X-am-bn-cp- p G-Xm-\pw h -jw ap-ºp-h-sc \-Ωp-sS ]-Ømw m-kv hn-zym -Y-n-Iƒ ]Tn- m \n - _- n- -s - n-cp- -Xv.- ]-t,- C- v \-ap- -dn-bmw C-Xv ti-h-e k- -]w am-{x-am-sw- v!

$Nn-{Xw: 2 Nn-{Xw- 2se- sl-bv- -en-s - I-emkr- n-bpw Nn-e Po-hn-I-fp-sS {`q-wh-f - -bp-ss t^m-t m-i-fpw Xm-c-X-ayw sn-bv-xv Iq-Sn hn-e-bn-cp-øp-i.$

12 Nn-{Xw: 2 Nn-{Xw- 2se- sl-bv- -en-s - I-emkr- n-bpw Nn-e Po-hn-I-fp-sS {`q-wh-f - -bp-ss t^m-t m-i-fpw Xm-c-X-ayw sn-bv-xv Iq-Sn hn-e-bn-cp-øp-i.- Cu X- n- v 135 te-sd- h -jw {]-N-cn- n- s - p-sim- n-cp- p-f- -Xv F-{X Kuc-h-X-c-a-! Cu a- y- -a-\p-jy-{`q-w Xm-c-X-ayw F-{X-tØm-fw _m-en-i-amsw- v t_m-[y-s -ts- -Xp- v.- {`q- W-Xm-c-X-ay-Øn-se Po-h-im-kv-{X hntbm-pn- p-iƒ Cu- Ip-dn- n-s - A-hkm-\- `m-k-øv- hn-i-zo-i-cn- mw.- Im- p-]- n-bp-ss- ]- n -\n- pwa-\p-jy -! C-Xn-epw Ku-c-h-ta-dn-b a-s m-cp N- Xn-bm-Wv "\-{_m-kv-i a-\p-jy!' (Nebraska Man) \-{_m-kv-ibn - \n- v In- n-b H-cp Im- p-]- n-bp-ss ]- n \n- v k- -]n- v \n -a-n-s - Sp-Ø a-\p-jy-h -K-am-Wv- "\-{_m-kv- I a-\p-jy.'- - \-{_m-kv-i a-\p-jy-s\- hn- n-]o-un-b ]-cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- p:- ""sl-kv-]-tdm ]n-xn-i-kv- l-td-mƒ-uv Ip- v-(hespero pithecus harold cook) F- km- -]n-i Bƒ- p-c-ßv h -KsØ hn-fn- m D-]-tbm-Kn- n-cp- t]- cm-wv \-{_m-kv-i a-\p-jy.- sl-kv-]- tdm- ]-n-xn-i-kv- F- hm- p-sim- v ]- Sn- m-d tem-iw- Bƒ- p-c-ßv F- m-wv A -Y-am- n-bn-cp- -Xv.- h-s-s A-ta-cn- -bn \n- p- B-Zy-sØ \-s - m-bn A-Xv hn-fw-_-cw sn-ø-s -Sp- I-bpw sn-bv-xp.- l-td-mƒ-uv Ip- n kv- ]o-jn-kv \m-a-am-wv \-{_m-kv- I-bn - \n- v Pn-tbm-f-Pn-Ãm-bn-cp- l-td-mƒ-uv Ip- v I-s -Øn-b H-cp ]- n-s\ A-Sn-ÿm-\-am- nbm-wv \-{_m-kv-i a-\p-jy-s\- kw-_- n- v k- - ]w hn-i-kn- p-h- -Xv F- -Xp-sIm- m-wv kv-]ojn-kv- \m-a-am-bn- "l-tdmƒ-uv- Ip- n-'- F- v- \ -Inb-Xv sl -{U-n ^-b ^o -Uv Hm-kv-_ - B-Wv B-Zy-am-bn Cu ]- n-s\- Ip-dn- v hn-i-z-am-bn h -W-n- -Xv.- s\-{_m-kv-i a-\p-jy-s -Xv- F- v ]-db-s -Sp- ]- v I-s -Øn-b-Xv,- a-\p-jy-s - a-s mcp km- -]n-i a-\p-jy ]q -hn-i-\m-bn- A-h-X-cn- n- -s -,- F- m ]n- o-sv hym-p-am-sw- v hy- -am-b ]n - v-uu - a-\p-jy I-s -Ø-s - v- G-I-tZ-iw ]-Øv h -j-ßƒ I-gn- m-wv.-''- (5) a-s m-cp sh-_v ssk- v Cu hn-j-b-sø- p-dn- v C- ß-s\ hn-i-zo-i-cn- p- p:- ""kv-iq- v hn-nm-c-w (6) - I-gn- v- h -j-ßƒ- p-ti-jw Cu ]- v-h- ar-k-øn-s - k-ºq -W- A-ÿn-Iq-Sw I-s -Sp- -s - p.- A-Xn \n- v hy- -am-b-xv \-{_m-kv-i- a-\p-jy F- k- - ]w \n -a-n-s -Sp- m D-]-tbm-Kn- ]- v b-ym -Y-Øn hw-i-\m-iw kw-`-hn- p-t]m-b H-cp ]- n h -K-Øn-s - Xm-Wv- F- m-bn-cp- p! an-ã {_-bm-\n-s (Mr. Brayan) -(7)- ta A- -X B-tcm-]n- p-sim- pw- ]-cn-l-kn- pw- A-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ H-cp ]- n- - -n \n- v ]q -W a-\p-jyhw-i-sø kr- n-s -Sp- p-i-bm-wv sn-bv-x-xv! im-kv- {X-tem-I-Øn-\v F-{X h-en-b A-]-am-\w! F- m Cu X- n- v ]p-d-øm-b hm -Ø X-a-kv-I-cn- -s - p- t]m-bn F- -Xv {]-txy-iw F-Sp-Øp ]-d-tb- -Xn- -t m.- km- [m-c-w,- a-\p-jy-s\ sx- n- -cn- n- m-\pw hn-c- m-\pw D- ]-tbm-kn- -s -Sp- hn-z-kv-[ km- n-sam-gn-i-fp-ss B- [n-im-cn-i-x-sb- p-dn- v h-en-sbm-cp ]mtw \n- -b-ambpw C-Xn-ep- v.- ]- v D-]-tbm-Kn- p-sim- p-x-s \-S- Ø-s - C-Xp-t]m-ep- a-s m-cp I-s -Ø-em-bn-cp- p sx- v-]-sn- m-d - sim-f-dm-tum a-\p-jy.- B ]- vb-ym -Y-Øn H-cp Ip-Xn-c-bp-sS-Xm-bn-cp- p F- v C- t mƒ A-dn-hm-bn- p- v.- im-kv-{x "hn-z-kv-[ '- ]-e-t mgpw F- v am-{xw hn-`-h k-º- -cpw `m-h-\-i-fp-am-sw- v t\m- q! A-h -s m-cp ]- v sim-sp-øm a-xn,- A-Xv a-\p-jy-s -Xv- B-I-W-sa- v t]m-ep-an- ;- A-Xn - \n- pw H-cp a-\p-jy-hw-i-øn-s - N-cn-{Xw ]q -W-am-bn A-h a-\x-]q -h-w kz-cq-]n-s -Sp- pw.''- (8) hn-i-zo-i-c-wß-fn- m-sx- X-s - Im-cyw- kv-]- w.- su -dn-ßv- I-c-hn-cp-Xn Xo -Ø Zn-t\m-k In-g- {_-ko-en \n- v In- n F- v A-h-Im-i-s -Sp- 80 sk -n-ao- am-{xw h-ep- ap- H-cp F- n I-jv-W-Øn \n- v \n -a-n-s - Sp-Ø,- C- pw k-po-h-am-bn \n-e-\n - p- Zn-t\m-k B-Wv {_-ko-en-b C-cn-t - -.(Brazilian Irritator)-(9) - I-a-\o-b-am-b- Cu- kr- n I- m Xo - -bm-bpw B-cpw A- m-fn- -pw.- i-cn- pw A-ß-s\-sbm-cp- Po-hn- D- m-bn-cp-s - n F- v B-{K-ln- p t]m-ipw.- A- Xn-\v- ]-Øp-ao- \o-f-hpw H-cp S `m-c-hpw A-h - 12

$\ -In-bn-cp- p.- am-{x-a-,- A-Xn-s - `- -W sa-\p t]m-epw A-Xn-s -{k- m- ƒ Xo-cp-am-\n- p.- A-Xv- "ko-^p-uv'- am-{x-sa C- -s - n-cp- p- q- F- -Xv F-{X h-en-b I-s -Ø!$

13 \ -In-bn-cp- p.- am-{x-a-,- A-Xn-s - `- -W sa-\p t]m-epw A-Xn-s -{k- m- ƒ Xo-cp-am-\n- p.- A-Xv- "ko-^p-uv'- am-{x-sa C- -s - n-cp- p- q- F- -Xv F-{X h-en-b I-s -Ø! (10) - ]-t,- Cu 80 sk -do-ao- \o-f-ap- - F- n I-jv -Ww t]m-epw hn-izm-k-tbm- Ky-a- F- m-wv a-\- n-em-ip- -Xv.- G-tXm Po-hn-bpsS Io-gv-Øm-Sn-sb- v ]-i-bpw ss^-_ m-kv t]m-fnjnw-kv tim-ºu- pw- (11) - tn -Øv- H- n- p- m- n t^mkn - I- - -S-Øp-Im am - - n-se-øn- - F- n I-jv-Ww (12) - C- v {_-ko-en-se G- -hpw {]-i-kv-x-amb "km-tb-m-t]m-tfm bq-wn-th-gv-kn- n'-bn (13) - kv-]nt\m-tkm -Uv Zn-t\m-k t^m-kn-em-bn(spinosaurus dinosaur) kq- n- n-cn- p- p! (14) - B- 80 sk n-ao- \o-f-ap- Io-gv-Øm-Sn-sb- v Zn-t\m-k-dn-s -Xv- X- s -bm-h-w-sa- n-.- A-Xv ^mƒ-kv No- -Æn-bp-sS-Xv- B-bn-cn- m-\p- km-[y-x H- pw A-h-K-W-\o-b-a-.- F-{X `m-h-\m-k-º- -hpw km-t -Xn-I \n-d-hpw Xn- I- -Xm-Wv Cu ]p-xn-b Zn-t\m-k ap-ø-! Izm-dn ap-x-em-fn-bp-ss X-e-tbm- n H-cp-]-t,- ]-cn-wm-a N-cn-{X-Øn-se B-Zyw I- s -Øn-b a-\p-jy X-e-tbm- n 1866 s^-{_p-h-cnbn Im-en-t^m -Wn-b-bn-se "I-em-sh-d-kv'- - {]-hniy-bn \n- v I-s -Øn-b "I-e-m-sh-d-kv X-e-tbm- n'-bm-bn-cn- pw.- - Um -hn X-s - Po-h-Pm-Xn-I-fp-sS D -]-Øn {]-kn- o-i-cn- v- G-gv h -j-øn-\p- n X-s Cu X-e-tbm- n I-s -Øn.- kz-tz-in-bm-b H-cp Izm-dn ap-x-em-fn-bm-wv 40 ao- Xm-gv-N-bn \n- v C-Xv I-s -Øn-b-Xv.- Cu X-e-tbm- n Im-ent^m -Wn-b Pn-tbm-f-Pn k -th-x-e-h-\pw- lm -hm - Uv bq-wn-th-gv-kn- n Pn-tbm-f-Pn s{]m-^-k-dp-am-b "tpm-kn-b- sh- -n-\n-'- v-(15) - ssiam-dn.- kq- v-a ]T-\-ßƒ- v ti-jw 1866 Pq-sse 16\v Imen-t^m -Wn-b k-b -kv A- m-z-an-bn -h- v "πn-tbm-kn - Im-e-L- -Øn '- - sx-t -A-ta-cn- -bn a-\p-jyhm-kw D- m-bn-cp- -Xn-\v sx-fn-hm-wv Cu X-e-tbm- n F- v- tpm-kn-b Hu-tZ-ym-Kn-I-am-bn {]-Jym-]n- p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s - ]T-\-Øn am-a-øp- I-fpw- B-\-I-fpw a-\p-jy-cpw C-hn-sS H-cp-an- v Pohn- n-cp- p F- pw I-s -Øn! Cu a-\p-jy-]q -hn-i-s\- ]-cn-wm-a-hm-zn-iƒ- G- sd B-tLm-jn- n-cp- p.- F- m Cu B-tLm-jw 13 h -jw am-{x-sa \n-e-\n- p- q! A-t m-tg- pw- C-Xv A-Sp-Ø-Im-e-Øv a-cn- a-\p-jy-s - X-tem- -nbm-sw- v ^-v-fq-dn - A-\-sse-kn-eq-sS- sx-fn-bn- p Cu X-e-tbm- n Xo -Øpw N-Xn-bm-bn-cp- p F- v hy- -am-bn.- F- m-epw B X-e-tbm- n- ]q-p-i A-Sp-Ø-Im-ew h-sc D- m-bn-cp- p.- A-h- 13 km-\w \-S-Øn-b Im -_ ss-ãn B X-e-tbm- n- v ti-h-ew B-bn-cw h -j-sø ]-g- -ta-bp- q F- v I-s -Øn. (16) -- C-Xv ]T-\-hn-t[- b-am- n-b Pn-tbm-f-Pn-Ãv tpm-kn-b sh- n-\n- 3.5 an-ey h-b- v \ -Inb "I-em-sh-d-kv- a-\p-jy '- ti-h-ew B-bn-cw h-b- p-am-{xw {]m-b-ap- "sn-dp- - m-c-\m-bn'- am-dn-b I-Y-bpw ]-cn-wm-a X- n- v N-cn-{X-Øn tc-js - p In-S- p- p! "B - n-tbm-dm-]v '- F- -Xv \m-j-w Pntbm-{K-^n am-k-kn-\n,- ssn-\-bn \n- p- H-cp t^m-kn-en-\v- A-\u-]-Nm-cn-I-am-bn \ -I-s - P-\-dn- Iv \m-a-am-wv.- ]- n-iƒ- pw I-c-Po-hn-I-fm-bn-cp- Zn-t\m-k-dp-Iƒ- pw C-S-bn-ep- H-cp \-jv-s-s - I- Æn-bm-Wv t^m-kn F- v- am-k-kn A-h-Im-i-s - p.- am-k-kn-\n Cu te-j-\w h-cp- -Xn-\v ap-ºv X-s t^mkn-en-s - B-[n-Im-cn-I-X kw-_- n- v- Kp-cp-X-c-am-b kw-i-b-ß-fp- m-bn-cp- p.- C-Xv h hn-hm-z-øn-\v h- gn-sh- p-i-bpw H-Sp-hn Iq-Sp-X im-kv-{xo-b-]t-\- ßƒ t^m-kn - H-cp X- n- m-bn-cp- p-sh- v sx-fn-bp- I-bpw sn-bv-xp.- hy-xy-kv-x kv-]o-jn-kp-i-fn s]- hy- Xy-kv-X Po-hn-I-fp-sS F- n Xp- p-iƒ H- n- v H- n- p sh- m-wv Cu X- n- v \-S-Øn-b-Xv!

14 ]-cn-wm-a N-cn-{X-Øn-se B-Zyw I-s -Øn-b a-\p-jy X-e-tbm- n 1866 s^-{_p-h-cn-bn Im-en-t^m -Wn-bbn-se "I-em-sh-d-kv'-- {]-hn-iy-bn \n- v I-s -Øn-b "I-e-m-sh-d-kv X-e-tbm- n'-bm-bn-cn- pw Cu X- e-tbm- n Xo -Øpw N-Xn-bm-bn-cp- p F- v hy- -am-bn.- A-h-km-\w \-S-Øn-b Im -_ ss-ãn B X- e-tbm- n- v ti-h-ew B-bn-cw h -j-sø ]-g- -ta-bp- q F- v I-s -Øn. t^m-kn sa-bv-uv C ssn-\ "sa-bv-uv C ssn-\'- F- v I- m X-s A-sXm-cp X- n- q- v- - X- n- v- km-[-\-am-sw- v B - pw txm- pw.- A-Sp-Ø-Im-e-Øv \-S-Øn-b A- Ø-cw H-cp X- n- q- v X- n- m-wv A-Sp- Ø-Xv.- "B - n-tbm-dm-]v '- F- -Xv \m-j-w Pn-tbm-{K-^n am-kkn-\n,- ssn-\-bn \n- p- H-cp t^m-kn-en-\v- A-\u-]-Nm-cn-I-am-bn \ -I-s - P-\-dn-Iv \m-a-am-wv.- ]- n- Iƒ- pw I-c-Po-hn-I-fm-bn-cp- Zn-t\mk-dp-Iƒ- pw C-S-bn-ep- H-cp \-jv- S-s - I-Æn-bm-Wv t^m-kn F- vam-k-kn A-h-Im-i-s - p.- am-k-kn- \n Cu te-j-\w h-cp- -Xn-\v ap-ºv X-s t^m-kn-en-s - B-[n-Im-cn-I-X kw-_- n- v- Kp-cp-X-c-am-b kw-i-b-ßfp- m-bn-cp- p.- C-Xv h hn-hm-z-øn- \v h-gn-sh- p-i-bpw H-Sp-hn Iq-Sp-X im-kv-{xo-b-]t-\-ßƒ t^m-kn - H- cp X- n- m-bn-cp- p-sh- v sx-fn-bp-ibpw sn-bv-xp.- hy-xy-kv-x kv-]o-jnkp-i-fn s]- hy-xy-kv-x Po-hn-Ifp-sS F- n Xp- p-iƒ H- n- v H- n- p sh- m-wv Cu X- n- v \-S-Øn-b-Xv! Cu t^m-kn-en-s - X-e-bpw i-coc-øn-se {]-[m-\ `m-k-ß-fpw b-ym - Y-Øn ]p-cm-x-\ ]- n h -K-am-b "b-t\m -\n-kn' -\n- v (17)- F-Sp-Ø-Xmbn-cp- p F- v I-s -Øn \- S- a-s m-cp ]T-\w B t^m-kn-ense hm-ev Ip- p-hm-ep- "t{um-ssak-dn'-s -Xm-sW- pw- I-s -Øn.- Imep-I-fpw Im -]m-z-hpw a-t -txm ar-k- Øn-s -Xpw-! (18)- Cu X- n- n-s\- p-dn- p- - H-cp- hn-i-zo-i-c-ww- Im-Wp-I-:- ""C-Xn-\p-ti-jw ^n-en- v Iy-q-dn-sb-bpw \m-j-w tpym-{k-^n-iv am-k-kn-s\-bpw- t^m-kn X- n- m-wv F- v I-s -Ø-en-s\- p-dn- v A-dn-bn- p.- A-h ssn-\o-kv hn-z-kv-[-\m-b kq- kn-ßn-t\m- Sv tn - v t^m-kn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am- m-\pw- \m- Nz-d -am-k-kn-\n A-Xv kw-_- n- v- te-j-\w {]- kn- o-i-cn- m-\pw- Xp-S - v H-cp ]-{X-k-tΩ-f-\w- \-S-Øm-\pw- \m-j-w tpm-{k-^n-s - H-cp ^o- ]-Xn- v ]p-d-øn-d- m-\pw k-ω-xn- p.- F- m B- Zy hn-i-i-e-\-øn X-s Iyq-dn t^m-kn-en-s - hm - A-Xn-s - i-co-c-hp-am-bn tn-cp- n- - F- - Imcyw {i- n- n-cp- p.- Xp-S - v A-t±-lw "Snw- tdm-hn-'- s\- sim- v kv-im-\nw-kn-\v- hn-t[-b-\m- n- p.- Sn-w I-s -Øn-b-Xv t^m-kn-en-s - Im-ep-I-fpw hm-epw t^m-kn-en-s - a- p i-co-c-`m-k-ß-fp-am-bn H-cp-\n-ebv- pw tbm-pn- p- n- F- p- X-s -bm-bn-cp- p.- A-Xp-sIm- p-x-s B- t^m-kn H-cp X- n- msw- -\n-k-a-\-øn-se-øn-t -cp-i-bpw- sn-bv-xp.- (19) - d^d kkv: 1. Po-h-Pm-Xn-I-fp-sS- D -]-Øn,- N-mƒ-kv- -Um -hn.- a-e-bm-f- ]-cn-`m-j-:- Fw.- kp-z -i-\.- ssa-{xn- _p-iv-kv-,- Xn-cp-h-\- -]p-cw.- t]-pv- 185, influeces_on_karl_marx William_Jennings_Bryan irritator.html FillerGlassDavidsIsoponBridges/dp/B003HJMTPA between_death_and_data/5_greatest_palaeontology University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo between_death_and_data 5_greatest_palaeontology 14

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15 sa-l-_q-_v- a-z-\n- H- - m-ewmail@nerpatham.com H-cp-a-bp-sS- s]-cp-atej\w Fw.-F-kv.Fw Xr-iq i- X-ºp-cm Ãm n k-tωf-\w kw-l-sn- n- m Xo-cp-am-\n- p- p. A-Xn-s `m-k-am-bn hn-hn-[ kv-iq-fp-i-fn "ssz-h-sam- v am-\-h-scm- v' F- {]-ta-b-øn-ep- e- Lp-te-J hn-x-c-ww \-S- p. H-cp hn-zym -Y-n X-\n- v In- n-b e-lp-te-j Np-cp- n ho- n-se sn-sn- - n-bn-te-s -dn- p. A-h-cp-sS ho- n s]-bn nw- Kv \-S- p- k-μ -`-am-bn-cp- p A-Xv. s]-bn -d-p-ss I-Æn-te- v A-hn- Nm-cn-X-am-bn s]-bn v sx-dn- p. A-t±-lw Xp-S- m t\m- n-b-t mƒ s]-s - v I-Æn s]- -Xv sn-sn- - n-bn-se Np-cp- v In-S- p- I-S-emkm-bn-cp- p. A-t±-lw A-Xv F-Sp-Øp.- A-Xn-s - Np-cpƒ- \n-h -Øn.- I- Æp- Xp-S- p.- ti-jw- sh-dp-sx- A-Xn-se- h-cn-i-fn-eq-ss- I-tÆm-Sn- p.- hmbn- -t m-ƒ- Nn-e- kw-i-b-ß-fp-zn- p.- B- kw-i-b-ßƒ- A-t±-l-Øn-s - a-\- n-s\- A-e- n.- A-t±-lw k-tω-f-\-øn-s\-øn. C-kv-em-an-s\- p-dn- v ]Tn- p-hm-\m-cw-`n- p. k-xyw -{K-ln- p. C- -t±-lw ap-kv-en-am-bn Pohn- p- p. k -h -kv-xp-xn-bpw A- m-lp-hn-\v am-{xw.

$- k-xy-am -K-Øn D-d- p-\n - m I-gn-bp-I F- -Xm-Wv b-ym -Y- \n -`-b-xzw.- in - n-s\-bm-wv- G-sd- `-b-s ts- -Xv.$

16 - k-xy-am -K-Øn D-d- p-\n - m I-gn-bp-I F- -Xm-Wv b-ym -Y- \n -`-b-xzw.- in - n-s\-bm-wv- G-sd- `-b-s ts- -Xv.- kz-po-hn-x-øn - in - v- A-Y-hm- A- m-lphn - ]- p-tn - p-i- F- - I-Sp-Ø- A-{I-aw- kw-`-hn- m-xn-cn- m - hn-izm-kn-iƒ- Pm-{K-X- ]p-e -tø- - Xp- v.- hn-izm-k-øn in - m-ip- - A-Xn-{I-aw- I- e -Øm-Ø-h - v in-, `-bw, Zu -`m-kyw F- n-h-bn \n-s - mw- A- m-lp \n -`-b-xzw- \ -Ip- -Xm-Wv.- A-t±-l-Øn-\p am-{x-a-,- A-t±-lsØ-t m-se-bp- A-t\-I - v- - C-Øcp-W-Øn - A-{]-Xo- n-x-am-bn- C-kve-m-an-s sh-fn- w e-`n- n- n- p- m-ipw.- A-h -s m-s - "ln-zm-b-øv' sim-sp- Ø-Xv A- m-lp am-{x-am-wv. A-Xnsem-cmƒ- pw ]- n-. ]-t,- A-Xn- \v \n-an-ø-am-im Fw.-F-kv.-F-Ωn-\v I-gn- p. kw-l-s-\-sb- \- -sim- p- m-hp- t\- -ßƒ hn-h-c-wm-xo- X-am-Wv. B k-tω-f-\-øn-\v th- n Nn- n- -h - pw ]-Wn-sb-Sp-Ø-h- - pw ]-Ww sim-sp-ø-h - p-sam-s - A-Xn-s - {]-Xn-^-ew In- n-s m- n-cn- p-sa- -Xn - kw-i-b-an- -;- B-flm - Y-am-bn- s-n-bv-x-xm-sw- n.- k-tω-f-\w \-S-Øm \n -tz-in- h - v- {]-Xn-^-e-ap- v. kw-lm-s-i- - v {]-Xn-^-e-ap- v. e-lp-te-j F- B-i-bw ap-t m- v sh- -h - pw {]-Xn-^-e-ap- v-. A- sx-gp-xn-b-h - pw sim-sp-ø-h - pw em-`-ß-tf-sd. Ip-sd B-fp-Iƒ- v {]-Xn-^-e-ap- m-ip- -Xv Im-c- W-Øm - B -s - n-epw Ip-d- p-t]m-ip-tam? C-!- F- m-h - p-ap- v. Cu tem-i-hpw A-Xn-ep- - Xp-sa- mw t\-sp- -Xn-s\- mƒ a-l-ø-c-am-b {]-Xn- ^-ew! kw-l-sn-x {]-h -Ø-\-ßƒ- v k-zv-^-e-ß-tf-sdbm-wv.- hy-h-ÿm-]n-x-am-bn \-S-Øp- {]-h -Ø- \-ßƒ sim- v P-\-e- -ß-fn-te- v- k-tμ-i-sa- Øn- m-sa- -Xn - kw-i-b-an-.- \-a-kv-im-cw -kw-lw tn - m-wv \n -h-ln-t - -Xv. l- pw A-ß-s\-Ø-s.- k-i-m-øn-s ÿn-xn-bm-sw- n-epw a-dn- -. C-kv-e-m-an-I {]-t_m- [-\-hpw A-ß-s\-Ø-s -bm-h-ww. kw-l-sn-x-am-bn {]-h -Øn- p- ;- -C-kv-em-an-te- v -Wn- p- k- aq-l-am-i-ww- ap-kv-e-nw-iƒ.- A- m-lp ]-d-bp- p:- ""\- -bn-te- v -Wn- p-i-bpw k-zm-nm-cw I -]n- p- I-bpw Zp-cm-Nm-c-Øn \n- v hn-e- p-i-bpw sn-øp- H-cp k-ap-zm-bw \n-ß-fn \n- v D- m-bn-cn- s. A-h-c-s{X hn-p-bn-iƒ''- (Izp -B - 3:-104).- a-x-kw-l-s-\-i-fp-ss e- yw thm- p-_m- m-h-cp- Xv. _m-e- v Im-Wn- p ap-x-se-sp- v \-S-Øp- -Xv c- mw-in-s G -]m-sm-wv. `u-xn-i Xm -]-cy-ß-sfm- -pw A-Xn-\v ]n- n-ep- m-h-cp-xv. Z-Av-h-Ø-n-\v th- n-bm-wv kw-l-s-\. {]-t_m-[-\ {]-h -Ø-\-ßfn G -s]-sp- -Xn-\v th- n kw-l-s-\-bn {]- h -Øn- p- -h-\v {]-Xn-^-e-ap- v.- A- m-lp-hn-s k-lm-bw kw-l-øn-\m-wv D- m-hp-i-sb- -Xpw \-_n bp-ss D-]-tZ-iw X-s. H- -s - v \n - p- -h-s\ ]n-im-nm-wv \-bn- p-i. kw-l-øn-s - h-e-p- w {]-iv-\-a-. B-Z -i-am-wv {]-[m-\w. B-Z -iw Ir-Xy-am-sW- n A- m-lp-hns k-lm-b-ap- m-hpw. k-xy-k-tμ-i-apƒ-s m- p- sim- p kw-l-ß-sf k- m-l-ß-tf-sd-bp- h-en-b kw-l-ß-fn \n- v A- m-lp c- n- n- p- v. _-Zv-dn-s N-cn-{Xw C-Xn-\v {]-Xy- -am-b sxfn-hm-wv. kw-l-sn-x {]-h -Ø-\-ß-sf F-Xn- - p- -h-cpw k-aq-l-øn-ep- v. ]-t,- A-h-cp-sS hm-z-ßƒ- v {]-am-w-ß-fp-ss ]n -_-e-an-. hy-xy-kv-x kz-`mh-ß-fpw Im-gv-N- m-sp-i-fpw D- H-cp-]m-Sv hy- n-ifm-wv kw-l-s-\-bn-ep- m-hp-i. A-h - n-s-bn-ep- m-i-p- sn-dn-b {]-iv-\-ß-sf s]-cp- n- p- Im-Wn- v kw-l-s-\-bn \n- v ]n-cn- p- -\n - p- -Xv hn- Uv-Vn-Ø-am-Wv. A-kzm-c-ky-ßƒ- v ]-cn-lm-cw I- s -tø- -Xv {]-am-w-ß-fn-te- v a-s-ßn-s m- mbn-cn- -Ww. A-X- m-sx kw-l-s-bn \n- v th-dn- p \n- p-sim

17 A-dn- -Xv ]-d- p-sim-sp- m-\m-wv {]-hm-n- I -s \n -tz-iw. "F- n \n- v H-cp B-b-sØ- n-epw \n-ßƒ a- p- -h - v F-Øn- p-i'- -sb- v \- _n ]-d-bp-i-bp- m-bn. "F- mw A-dn- '- ti-jsa {]-t_m-[-\w \-S-Øm-hq F- v ]-d-bp- -Xv _men-i-am-wv;- A-\-n-kv-em-an-I-hp-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww \-_n A-ß-s\ ]Tn- n- n- n-. kz-lm-_-øv B cq-]-øn a-\- n-em- n-bn- n-. D-Ø-a \q- m- p-im A-{]-Imcw {]-h -Øn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn- n-. {]-hm-n-i- m-cpw A-h-cp-sS A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw X- ßƒ Po-hn- p- k-aq-l-øn-te- v C-d-ßn-s - h-cpw A-h-cp-am-bn kw-h-zn- -h-cp-am-wv. A-h-scm- pw A-dn-hv e-`n- p- -Xv ]q -Øn-bm-I-s,- A-Xn-\p tijw P-\-ß-tfm-Sv ]-d-bmw F- v ]-d- v- C-cp- n- n-. kz-lm-_n-i-fp-ss-bpw Xm-_n-D-I-fp-sS-bpw N-cn- {X-hpw C- m-cy-am-wv \-sω ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. kw-l-sn-x {i-a-ßƒ si-m- v C-kzv-e-m-ln- {]- ÿm-\-øn-\v ti-c-f-øn-\-i-øpw ]p-d-øpw D- m- m I-gn- n- p- N-e-\-ßƒ sn-dp-x-. A- mlp A- m-ø-h-sc hn-fn- p-{]m -Y-n- p- -Xv sx- mbn Im-Wm-Ø P-\-e- -ß-sf- - A-h-s\- am-{xw hnfn- p {]m -Y-n- p- -h-cm- n am- n-sb- v ]-d-bp- -Xv sn-dn-b- Im-cy-a-.- hn-izm-k cw-k-sø-t m-se B- Nm-c-ta-J-e-I-fn-epw I-S- p-h- A-\m-Nm-c-ß-sf i- -am-bn F-Xn - p-h-m-\pw kp- -Øn-s\ ]p-\x-ÿm- ]n- p-hm-\pw k-e-^n- {]-ÿm-\-øn-\v I-gn- n- p- v. hn-zym-`ym-k, km-aq-ln-i, kmw-kv-im-cn-i cw-k- Øv \-thm- m-\-øn-s \m-ºp-iƒ ]m-in-b-xpw A-Xn-\v \m-b-i-xzw h-ln- -Xpw ap-pm-ln-zv {]-ÿm- \-am-wv. Po-h-Im-cp-Wy {]-h -Ø-\-ß-fn-te -s -Sp- Im-cy-Øn-epw Cu {]-ÿm-\w H-cn- -epw ]n- n \n- n- n-. B-[p-\n-I k-aq-l-øn ap-pm-ln-zv {]-ÿm-\w \-S-Øn-b \-thm- m-\ kw-cw-`-ß-fp-ss-sb- mw sam- Ø- p-ø-i Nn-e-sc- mw A-h-Im-i-s -Sp- p- v. ]- t,- A-h-sc- mw X-ß-fp-sS \-thm- m-\ {]-h - Ø-\-ßƒ- v sx-fn-h-t\z-jn- m X-b-m-dm-bm D- n-bp-ss Im-º-t\z-jn- -h-s\-t m-se C-fn-`y-cm-bn- Øo-cp-sa- -Xv ]-c-a-bm-ym -Y-yw am-{xw. H-cp Im-e- -a-x-sø b-ym-hn-[n- Po-hn-X-Øn - \n-e-\n -Øn A-Xn-te- v P-\-ß-sf -Wn- p- -h - v k-lm-bw- \ -Ip-sa- -Xv- A- m-lp-hn-s - hm-kv-zm-\-am-wv.- a- m-hn-p-b-th-fbn-epw a- p- ]-e- \n -Wm-b-I- L- -ß-fn-epw- Cu- k-lm-bw- hnizm-kn-iƒ- v- e-`n- -Xm-bn- Izp- -B-\pw- {]-hm-n-i- h-n- \-ß-fpw- N-cn-{X-hpw- hy- -am- p- p- v.- 17 L- -Øn Iz-p -B ]T-\-sØ-bpw kv-{xo hn-zym-`ym-k-sø-bp-sa- mw F- Xn -Øp-sIm- v \-thm- m-\ kw-cw- `-ßƒ-s - mw hn-e-ßp-x-sn-bm-hm C-h {i-an- n-cp- p. k-aq-l-sø A- -hn-izm-k-ß-fn-epw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fnepw X-f- n-sm-\m-bn-cp- p Cu- -{i-aw. C-sX- mw C- q- -cp-ss B-Z -i ]m- c-ø-am-wv hn-fn-t m-xp- -Xv. kw-l-s-\-sb- hm-l-\-øn \mw I-b-d-Ww. Im-c-Ww A-Xv \-sω e- y-øn-te-s -Øn- p- c- -bpss hm-l-\-a-m-wv. kz-tz-l-sø \-c- I-Øn -\n- v- c- n- -epw kz -K- Øn {]-th-in- -ep-am-wv kw-l-s- \m {]-h -Ø-\-Øn-s ]-c-a- {]-[m-\- am-b e- yw. A-tXm-sSm- w k-ap-zmb-øn-\pw- k-aq-l-øn-ep- C-X-c hn- `m-k-ßƒ- pw- ku-`m-ky-øn-te- p- - h-gn-im-wn- -epw- \-S- p- p.- A- m-lp ]-d-bp- p:- ""A- m-lp-hnte- v -Wn- p-i-bpw k -I -a-w {]-h -Øn- p-i-bpw Xo - -bm-bpw Rm ap-kv-enw-i-fp-ss Iq- -Øn-em-Ip- p F- v ]-d-bp-i-bpw sn-bv-x-h-s\- mƒ hn-in-jv-s-am-b hm- v ]-d-bp- a- m-cp- v?''- (Izp -B - 41:33).- Cu hm- v D -tlm-jn- m-\p- tã-pp-i-fpw t]-pp-i-fp-am-wv \-ap- v kw-l-s-\ D- m- n-ø-cp- -Xv. kw-l-s-\ a-\p-jy i-co-c-sø-t mse-bm-wv. F- m A-h-b-h-ß-fpw {]- h -Ø-\ tbm-ky-am-sw- n am-{x-sa B-tcm-Ky-tØm-sS ap-t m- v t]m-im- \m-hq. A-X-s - n {]-bm-k-ß-fpw {]-Xn-k- n-i-fpw ]n-sn-iq-spw. kw-l- S-\-bp-sS A-h-ÿ-bpw C-Xn \n- v hy-xy-kv-x-a-. H-sØm-cp-a-tbm-sS,- B- flm -Y-X-tbm-sS,- A- m-lp-hn-s - Xr- ]v-xn- am-{xw- D-t±-in- p-sim- v- {]-h - Øn- m - A- m-lp-hn-s - k-lm-b-ap- m-ip-w.- A-`n-{]m-b- hy-xym-k-ß-fp- m-imw.- - A-Xn-s\-sbm- pw- Iq- m-bv-asb- Xp-c- w- sh- p-hm-\p- - - B-bp-[- am- -cp-xv.- -Kp-W-Imw- -bp- -h-scm- pw- A-Xn-\v- ap-xn-cp-i-bn-.- \mw k- Po-h-am-bn C-S-s]-Sp-I;- \-Ωp-sS kz - K- {]-th-i-\-øn-\v th- n,- d- n-s Xr-]v-Xn- v th- n A-Xp-am-{X-am-Is \-Ωp-sS e- yw.

18 A pdlvam \mkn A AZnhnh: lmcnkv _n keow Izp B Z i\w X^vko-dp- -AZn A-[ym-bw: 85 _pdqpv (\ {X afi-e-ßƒ) `mkw: 2 a -bn Ah-X-cn- Xv 8. {]-Xm-]-im-en-bpw kv-xp-xy -l-\p-am-b A- m-lp-hn A-h hn-iz-kn- p- p F- -Xv am-{x-am-bn-cp- p A-h-cp-sS (k-xyhn-izm-kn-i-fp-ss) ta A-h (a -Z-I ) Np-a-Øn-b Ip- w. 9. B-Im-i-ß-fp-sS-bpw `q-an-bp-ss-bpw ta B-[n-]-Xyw D- -h-\p-am-b (A- m-lphn ). A- m-lp F- m-im-cy-øn-\pw km- n-bm-ip- p. 10. k-xy-hn-izm-kn-i-sf-bpw k-xy-hn-izm-kn- \n-i-sf-bpw a -Zn- p-i-bpw ]n- o-sv ]- m- Ø-]n- m-xn-cn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-x-h-cm-tcm A-h - p \-c-i-in- -bp- v;- Xo -! A- h - v Np- p-i-cn- p- in- -bp- v. 11. hn-iz-kn- p-i-bpw k -I- -a-ßƒ {]-h - Øn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-x-h-cm-tcm A-h - v Xm-gv-`m-K-Øp- Iq-Sn A-cp-hn-Iƒ H-gp-Ip- kz -K-tØm- p-i-fp- v; Xo -. A-Xs{X h-en-b hn-p-bw. 12. Xo - -bm-bpw \n-s c- n-xm-hn-s ]n- Sp-Øw ITn-\-am-b-Xv X-s -bm-ip- p. 13. Xo - -bm-bpw A-h X-s -bm-wv B- Zy-am-bn D- m- p- -Xpw B-h -Øn- v D- m- p- -Xpw. 14. A-h G-sd s]m-dp- p- -h-\pw G-sd kv-t\-l-ap- -h-\pw, 15. knw-lm-k-\-øn-s D-S-a-bpw a-l-ø-z-ap- -h-\pw, 16. Xm D-t±-in- p- -sx-t m A-Xv Xn-I- pw {]m-h -Øn-I-am- p- -h-\p-am-wv. ]n- o-sv A- m-lp A-h-sc X-m o-xv sn-øp-ibpw `-b-s -Sp-Øp-I-bpw ]- m-xm-]-øn-s Imcyw A-h-X-cn- n- p-i-bp-am-wv. (k-xy-hn-izm-kn- I-sf-bp-w k-xy-hn-izm-kn-\n-i-sf-bpw a -Zn- p-ibpw ]n- o-sv ]- m-ø-]n- m-xn-cn- p-i-bpw snbv-x-h-cm-tcm A-h - v \-c-i-in- -bp- v. Xo - 18

19 -bm-bpw A-h - v Np- p-i-cn- p- in- -bp- v). ITn-\-hpw I-cn- p I-f-bp- -Xp-am-b in-. l-k ]-d- p: A- m-lp-hn-s a-l-ømb Hu-Zm-cy-Øn-te- v t\m- q. A-h-s an-{x-ßsf-bpw Io-gv-s - v Po-hn- p- -h-sc-bpw sim- p- I-f- -h. A-h-sc A-h ]m-]-tam-n-\-øn-te- v -Wn- p- p. A-{I-an-I-fp-sS in- -sb- pdn- v ]-d-bp-tºmƒ X-s hn-izm-kn-i-fp-ss {]- Xn-^-e-sØ- p-dn- pw ]-cm-a -in- p- p. Xp-S - v (hn-iz-kn- p- -h ) A-Xm-b-Xv lr-z-bw sim- v,- (k -I- -a-ßƒ {]-h -Øn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-x-h ) A-h-b-h-ßƒ sim- v,- (A-h - v Xm-gv-`m-K-Øp Iq-Sn A-cp-hn-I-sfm-gp-Ip- kz -K-tØm- p-i-fp- v. Xo - -bm-bpw A-X-s{X h-en-b hn-p-bw). A- m-lp-hn-s Xr-]v-Xn sim- pw A-h-s B-Z-c- Wo-b `-h-\w sim- pw ssi-h-cn- -Xm-b hn-pbw. (Xo - -bm-bpw \n-s c- n-xm-hn-s ]n-sp- Øw ITn-\-am-b-Xp X-s ). h -]m-]-ßƒ sn-bv-x-h - pw sx- p-im - p-ap- A-h-s in- ITn-\-hpw i- -hpw X-s -bm- Wv. A-h A-{I-a-Im-cn-I-sf -]-Xn-ÿm-\-Øn-cp- v \n-co- n- p- -h-\m-ip- p. A- m-lp ]-d-bp- p: ""hn-hn-[ cm-py- m A-{I-an-I-fm-bn-cn-s A- h-sc ]n-sn-iq-sn in- n- p-tºmƒ \n-s c- n- Xm-hn-s ]n-sp-øw A-{]-Im-c-am-Ip- p. Xo - bm-bpw A-h-s ]n-sp-øw th-z-\-tb-dn-b-xpw ITn- \-am-b-xp-am-wv''- (11:102).- (Xo - -bm-bpw A-h X-s -bm-wv B-Zy-ambn D- m- p- -Xpw B-h -Øn- p- m- p- -Xpw).- kr- n- n-s Xp-S- -hpw B-h -Ø-\-hpw \n -hln- p- -Xn A-h G-I-\m-Wv. H-cp ]- m-fnbpw A-Xn ]- p-tn-cp- n-. (A-h G-sd s]mdp- p- -h-\m-wv). ]- m-ø-]n- p- -h - v F- m sx- p-i-fpw A-h s]m-dp-øv sim-sp- pw. tj- Zn- v a-s-ßp-i-bpw ]m-]-tam-n-\w tx-sp-i-bpw snøp- -h - v A-h hn- p-ho-gv-n \ -Ipw. (G-sd kv-t\-l-ap- -h-\pw). km-zr-iy-s -Sp- Øm-\m-hm-Ø hn-[w A-h-s\ kv-t\-ln- p- -hsc kv-t\-ln- p- -h-\m-w-h. A-h-t\m-sSm- pw A-h-s a-l-ø-z-øn-s -bpw `w-kn-bp-ss-bpw hnti-j-w-ß-fn {]-h -Ø-\-ß-fn km-zr-iy-amhp-i-bn-. kv-t\-l-øn-s bm-sxm-cp C-\-tØm- Spw km-zr-iy-am-im-ø hn-[w A-h-s kr- n-ifp-ss lr-z-b-ß-fn A-h-t\m-Sv kv-t\-l-ap- v. Cu kv-t\-lw B-cm-[-\-bp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-Wv. A-sX- m kv-t\-l-ß-sf-bpw A-Xn-P-bn- p- p. a-s - m kv-t\-l-ß-f-pw B kv-t\-l-øn-s `m- K-am-sW- v h-cp- n-. a- p kv-t\-l-ßƒ A-Xn- 19 s B-fp-Iƒ- v in- -bm-hm-dp- v. X-\n- v C- -s - -h-tcm-sv A-tß-b- w kv-t\-lw Im-Wn- p- -h-\m-wv A- m-lp. A- m-lp ]-d-bp- p: fƒñëjh º Ñëj (A-h C- -s - Sp- -h-cpw A-h-s\ C- -s -Sp- -h-cp-am-b) (5:54). C-hn-sS kv-t\-lw ip- -am-b kv-t\-l-am-wv. OhOƒdG F- -Xv QƒØ dg (A-tß-b- w s]m-dp- p- -h ) F- -Xn-t\m-Sv tn -Øp-]-d- -Xn h-en-b bp- n-c-l-ky-ß-fp- v. sx- p sn-øp- -h A-h-cp-sS sx- p-i-fn tj-zn- p ]- m-ø-]n- v a-s-ßn-bm A-h A-h-cp-sS ]m-]-ßƒ s]m-dp-øp sim-sp- p-i-bpw A-h-sc kv-t\-ln- p-i-bpw sn-øpw. H-cp A-Sn-a ]- m-ø-]n- p-tºmƒ A- m-lp A-tß-b- w k-t m-jn- p- p. H-cmƒ X-s `- -W-hpw sh- -hpw a- p A-h-iy h-kv -Xp- -fp-sa- mw H-cp hm-l- \- p-d-øv sh- p p. A-ß-s\ A-Xv a-cp-`q-an-bn h-gn sx- p- p. A-Xn \n-cm-i-\m-bn H-cp a-c-ø- W-en a-c-ww Im-Øv A-bmƒ In-S- p- p. A- t m-g-xm A-bm-fp-sS hm-l-\w A-bm-fp-sS X-e- cn-in \n - p- p. A-bmƒ A-Xn-s I-Sn- m ]n-sn- -p- p. A-bmƒ- p- -Xn-s\- mƒ h-en-b k-t m-jw H-c-Sn-a ]- m-ø-]n- p-tºmƒ A- mlp-hn-\p- m-i-p p. A- m-lp-hn-s - kv-t\-l-sa- {X-bm-Wv. kv-xp-xn A-h-\p- X-s! sx-fn- kvt\-lw, A-h-s \- -sb-{x a-l-ø-cw! Im-cp- Wy-sa-{X hn-im-ew! Im-cp-Wy-sa-{X k-º- w! (a-l-ø-z-ap- -h-\pw knw-lm-k-\-øn-s D-Sa-bpw). a-l-øm-b knw-lm-k-\-øn-s D-S-a F- -Xv A-h-s a-l-ø-z-øn-s `m-k-am-wv. Im-c- Ww, A-Xv B-Im-i `q-an-i-tfm-fw hn-im-e-am-wv. (» SôμdG A-[n-Im-c-]oTw) F- -Xv Tô dg knw-lmk-\-hp-am-bn A-Xn-s h-ep- -sø _- -s -Sp- Øp-tºmƒ hn-im-e-am-b a-cp-`q-an-bn-se H-cp h-fb-sø t]m-se-bm-wv. A -iv C-hn-sS {]-txy-iw ]-cm-a -in- m Imc-Ww A-Xn-s a-l-ø-z-ø-m-em-wv. Im-c-Ww A- Xv A-h-s {]-txy-i kr- n-i-fn A-h-\n-te- v G- -hpw A-Sp-Øv \n - p- -Xm-Wv. ~«ÛG F- -Xv a-l-ø-z-ap- -h F- v A- m-lp-hn-te- v tn -Øpw, a-l-ø-z-ap- -Xv F- v knw-lm-k-\- Øn-te- v tn -Øpw hy-jym-\n- -s -Smw. (Xm D-t±-in- p- -sx-t m A-Xv Xn-I- pw {]m-h -Øn-I-am- p- -h-\p-am-wv). A-h-s\- v D- t±-in- m-epw A-Xv sn-bv-xn-cn- pw. A-h H-cp Im-cyw D-t±-i-n- m A-Xn-t\m-Sv D- m-iq F- v ]-d- m A-t mƒ A-Xp- m-ipw. A- m-lphn-\- m-sx C-Xv km-[y-a-. A- m-lp-hn-s D-t±iy-ß-sf k-lm-bn- p- -h-t\m- X-S- -s -Sp-Øp- -h-t\m C-. Xp-S - v {]-hm-n-i -am sim- ph- -Xn-s k-xy-x-sb A-dn-bn- -p- A-h-s Nn-e {]-h -Ø-\-ß-sf ]-cm-a -in- p- p.

$aq-k- kz-em-ln,- Im-c- - mail@nerpatham.com tej\w ]p-ø-\m-nm-c-øn-\pw {]-am-w-tam?- C-kv-emw a-l-øm-b A-\p-{K-l-hpw k-xy-k-ºq -W-hp-am-Wv.$

20 aq-k- kz-em-ln,- Im-c- - mail@nerpatham.com tej\w ]p-ø-\m-nm-c-øn-\pw {]-am-w-tam?- C-kv-emw a-l-øm-b A-\p-{K-l-hpw k-xy-k-ºq -W-hp-am-Wv. A- Xn-s - - am -K-Z -i-\w- ]n -]- n- Po-hn- -h - v- am-{x-a-m-wv- ]-c-tem-i- c- -bp- -Xv-.- A- m-lp ]-d-bp- p-:- ""C- v Rm \n-ßƒ- v \n-ß-fp-ss a-xw ]q -Øn-bm- n-ø- n-cn- p- p. F-s A-\p-{K-lw \n-ßƒ- v Rm \n-d-th- n-ø-cn-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cn- p- p. a-x-am-bn C-kv-e-m-an-s\ Rm \n-ßƒ- v Xr-]v-Øn-s - p X- n-cn- p- p''- (Izp -B - 5:3).- C-_v-\p A- m-kv ]-d- -Xm-bn C-_v-\p I-Yo D- -cn- p- p: ""C-Xv C-kv-em-am-Wv. \n- -bw \-_n - pw hn-izm-kn-iƒ- pw A- mlp Cu-am-\n-s\ (k-xy-hn-izm-k-sø)- A-Xn-te-s m- pw Iq- n-t - em-h-iy-an- m-ø hn-[w ]q -Øn-bm- n. A-Xn \n- v H- pw Ip-d- p-if-bm-\n- m-ø hn-[w A- m-lp A-Xn-s\ ]-cn-]q -W-am- n. A-Xn-s\ H- cn- -epw sh-dp- m ]m-sn- m-ø hn-[w A- m-lp Xr-]v-Xn-s - p''- (X-^vko - C-_v-\p- I-Yo,- hm-fyw -2, t]-pv, 18).- 20

$C-amw am-en-i-v(d-ln-) ]-d-bp- p: ""B-sc- n-epw C- kv-e-m-an ]p-xn-b h- -Xpw \n -a-n- p- m- p-i-bpw A-Xn-s\ \- -Xm-bn Im-Wp-I-bpw sn-bv-xm A- h ap-l-ω-zv \-_n X-s Zu-Xy-Øn-s Im-cy- Øn h- -\ Im-Wn- p$

21 C-amw am-en-i-v(d-ln-) ]-d-bp- p: ""B-sc- n-epw C- kv-e-m-an ]p-xn-b h- -Xpw \n -a-n- p- m- p-i-bpw A-Xn-s\ \- -Xm-bn Im-Wp-I-bpw sn-bv-xm A- h ap-l-ω-zv \-_n X-s Zu-Xy-Øn-s Im-cy- Øn h- -\ Im-Wn- p F- m-wv hm-zn- p- -Xv. Im-c-Ww C- v \n-ß-fp-ss a-xw \n-ßƒ- v ]q -Ønbm- n-ø- n-cn- p- p F- v- ]-d- p I-gn- p. A- v a-x-øn Dƒ-s]- n- n- m-ø H-cp Im-cyw C- v a-x-am-bn Xo-cp-I-bn- ''-(A C-Av-Xn-kzmw, C-amw im-xzn-_n,hm-fyw-1, t]-pv 65). F- pw F-hn-sS-\n- pw- F-Sp-Øp- -cn- m {]-am- W-am-Ip-sa- v I-cp-Xn-b Nn-e-cp- v. a-x-øn-s A- Sn-ÿm-\ {]-am-w-ßƒ- Iz-p -B-\pw kp- -Øp-am- Wv.- hn-izm-k,- I -a- cw-k-ß-fn-ep- m-ip- kw-ib-ßƒ- v D-Ø-cw- In- p-i C-h c- n \n- p-am- Wv. A- m-lp ]-d-bp- p: ""k-xy-hn-izm-kn-i-tf, \n-ßƒ A- m-lp-sh A- \p-k-cn- p-i. (A- m-lp-hn-s ) Zq-X-s\-bpw \n-ßfn \n- p- ssi-im-cy-i -Øm- -sf-bpw A-\pk-cn- p-i. C-\n h- Im-cy-Øn-epw \n-ßƒ- n-sbn `n- n- p- -m-ip-i-bm-sw- n \n-ß-f-xv A- m-lp-hn-te- pw d-kq-en-te- pw a-s- p-i. \n-ßƒ A- m-lp-hn-epw A- y-zn-\-øn-epw hn-iz-kn- p- psh- n (A-Xm-Wv th- -Xv).- A-Xm-Wv D-Ø-a-hpw Iq- Sp-X \- ]-cy-h-km-\-ap- -Xpw''-(Izp -B - 4:59).- C-_v-\p I-Yo (d-ln-) ]-d-bp- p: ""a-x-øn-s A- Sn-ÿm-\-]-c-hpw im-jm-]-c-hp-am-b Im-cy-ß-fn P- \-ßƒ A-`n-{]m-b hy-xym-k-øn-em-bm A-Xn-s\ I-p -B-\n-te- pw \-_n-n-cy-bn-te- pw a-s- -W-sa- -Xn-\v A- m-lp-hn-s I -]-\-bm-wn-xv'-'- (C-_v- \p I-Yo, hm-fyw-1).- "B-tLm-jw {]-am-wn-iw' F- t]-cn 2018 \- hw-_-dn-se- "kp- -Øv'- am-kn-i-bn h- H-cp- te- J-\w- {]-am-w-ß-sf- Zp -hym-jym-\w- sn-øp- -Xpwa-X-hn-cp- \n-e-]m-sp-i-fpw sh-fn-hm- p- -Xp-am-bncp- p.- A-Xn-se- {]-k- -am-b- Nn-e- Im-cy-ßƒ- am- {Xw- ]-cn-tim-[n- mw-:- te-j-i F-gp-Xp- p: ""tem-im-\p-{k-ln-bm-b Xncp-\-_n X-ß-fp-sS P- -Zn-\w sim- v A-\p-Kr-lo- X-am-b ]p-wy-d-_o-av- B-K-X-am-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. C-\n Hm-tcm hn-izm-kn-bp-ss a-\- pw Xn-cp-\-_n-bnte- v. H-cp am-kw B-\-μ-Øn-s -bpw- B-Àm-Z-Øns -bpw Zn-\-ß-fm-Wv''- (t]-pv 21).- d-_o-d A-Δ-en-s\- B-tLm-j am-k-am- n A- h-x-cn- n- m-\m-wv- te-j-i - {i-an- p- -Xv.- \- _n bp-ss \n-tbm-kw tem-i - v Im-cp-Wy-hpw A- \p-{k-l-hp-am-sw- v Iz-p -B kq-dx- B-ep Cw-dm- \n-epw kq-dx- A-ºn-bm-C-epw ]-d-bp- p- v. Cu- A- 21 \p-{k-l-w- H-cp- am-k-øn-tem- H-cp- Zn-h- k-øn-tem- - ]-cn-an-x-hp-a- -.- A- m-lp ]-d-bp- p: ""A- m-lp-hn-s d-kq-em- Wv \n-ßƒ- n-s-bn-ep- -sx- v \nßƒ a-\- n-em- -Ww. ]-e Im-cy-ßfn-epw A-t±-lw \n-ß-sf A-\p-k-cn- n-cp-s - n \n-ßƒ hn-j-an- v t]m- Ip-am-bn-cp- p. F- n-epw A- m-lp \nßƒ- v k-xy-hn-izm-k-sø {]n-b- - c-am- n-øo - p-i-bpw \n-ß-fp-ss lr- Z-b-ß-fn A-Xv A-ew-Ir-X-am-bn txm- n- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cn- p- p. A-hnizm-k-hpw A-[ -a-hpw A-\p-k-c-Wt -Spw \n-ßƒ- -h A-\n-jv-S-I-cam- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cn- p- p. A-ßs\-bp- -h-cm-ip- p t\ -am -Kw kzo- I-cn- -h ''- (Izp -B - 49:7) C-Xn hn-i-z-o-i-c-w-øn C-_v- \p I-Yo (d-ln-)]-d-bp- p: ""\n-ßƒ A-dn-bp-I, \n-ßƒ- n-s-bn A- m-lp- C-amw am-en-i-v(d-ln-) ]-d-bp- p: ""B-sc- n-epw C-kv-e-man ]p-xn-b h- -Xpw \n -a-n- p- m- p-i-bpw A-Xns\ \- -Xm-bn Im-Wp-I-bpw sn-bv-xm A-h ap-l- Ω-Zv \-_n X-s Zu-Xy-Øn-s Im-cy-Øn h- -\ Im-Wn- p F- m-wv hm-zn- p- -Xv. Im-c-Ww C- v \nß-fp-ss a-xw \n-ßƒ- v ]q -Øn-bm- n-ø- n-cn- p- p F- v- ]-d- p I-gn- p. A- v a-x-øn Dƒ-s]- n- n- m-ø H-cp Im-cyw C- v a-x-am-bn Xo-cp-I-bn- ''-(A C-Av-Xn-kzmw, C-amw im-xzn-_n,hm-fyw-1, t]-pv 65).

$C-_v-\p I-Yo (d-ln-)]-d-bp- p: ""\n-ßƒ A-dn-bp-I, \nßƒ- n-s-bn A- m-lp-hn-s {]-hm-n-i-\p- v. A- t±-l-sø \n-ßƒ B-Z-cn- -Ww. _-lp-am-\n- -Ww.$

22 C-_v-\p I-Yo (d-ln-)]-d-bp- p: ""\n-ßƒ A-dn-bp-I, \nßƒ- n-s-bn A- m-lp-hn-s {]-hm-n-i-\p- v. A- t±-l-sø \n-ßƒ B-Z-cn- -Ww. _-lp-am-\n- -Ww. A-t±-l-Øn-s I -]-\- v \n-ßƒ Io-gv-s]-Sp-I-bpw a-cym-z Im- p-i-bpw th-ww. \n-ßƒ- p- \- -I-sf Ip-dn- v G-sd A-dn-bp- -Xpw \n-ß-tfm-sv G-sd kv-t\- l-ap- -Xpw \n-ß-fp-ss A-`n-{]m-b-ß-sf- mƒ G- - hpw \- A-`n-{]m-b-ap- -Xpw A- m-lp-hn-s d-kqen-\m-wv''- (hm-fyw- 4, t]-pv 246) kn-i, \-hw-_,- t]-pv 22).- C-Xv ]- -bm-b Zp -hym-jym-\-hpw sx- n- -cn- n- -ep-am-wv. A-lv-ep- -p- -bp-ss ]-fin-x- m C- Xn-\v sim-sp-ø hn-i-z-o-i-c-ww ]q -W-am-bpw F-Sp- m-sx H- -s - A-`n-{]m-b-ßƒ Nn-I-s -Sp-Øv A-h-X-cn- n- p-i-bm-wv- te-j-i - sn-bv-xn-cn- p- -Xv. C-_v-\p A- m-kv ]-d-bp- p: "A-\p-{K-l'sa- m \n-ß-sf B-Z-cn- -Xm-b Iz-p -B-\pw "Im-cp-Wy'sa- m \n-ßƒ- v tbm-pn- v \ -In-b C-kv-em-ap-am- Wv''- (X-^v-ko C-_v-\p A- m-kv, t]-pv 225).- Xz-_v-c-n, Iz-p -Xzp-_n, dm-kn, C-_v-\p I-Yo F- n-h-cpw Cu hn-h-c-ww X-s -bm-wv \ -In-bn- p- -Xv. C-amw kp-bq-xz-n-bpw ap -K-W-\ sim-sp-ø- Xv Cu hn-i-z-o-i-c-w-øn-\m-wv. A-Xv ]q-gv-øn sh- v te-j-i X-s - Xm -]-cy-a-\p-k-cn- p- - `m-kwam-{xw- A-h-X-cn- n- p-i-bm-wv- sn-bv-xn-cn- p- -Xv.- C-\n Cu B-b-Øn-\v k-a-kv-x-bp-ss- ]-fin-x- m F-gp-Xn-b hn-i-z-o-i-c-ww F-s - v- t\m- mw-:- A- p-d-lv-am a-iz-v-zq-an s]m- m-\n F-gp-Xp- p: ""hn-ip- Iz-p -B A- m-lp-hn \n- p- k-zp- ]-tz-i-am-wv. lr-z-b-ß-fn-ep- k-xy-\n-tj-[w, Im- ]-Syw, kw-i-bw Xp-S-ßn-b tcm-k-ßƒ- p- kn- u-j-[-am-wv. k- m -K-Z -i-\-am-wv. k-xy-hn-izmkn-iƒ- p- Im-cp-Wy-am-Wv.- A- m-lp-hn-s a- l-øm-b A-\p-{K-l-hpw Im-cp-Wy-hpw sim- m-wv \-a-p- -Xv- e-`n- n- p- -Xv. A-Xp-sIm- v \mw k-t mjn- p-i-bpw A-X-\p-k-cn- v Po-hn-X-sØ Nn- -s - Sp-Øp-I-bpw th-ww. a-\p-jy ti-j-cn- p- k- º-Øp-I-sf- m-fpw kp-j k- o-i-c-w-ß-sf- mfpw F- p-si-m- pw A-Xyp-Ø-a-am-W-Xv''- (^-Xvlp A-eow -1/451).- si.hn ap-l-ω-zv ap-kv-en-bm Iq- -\m-sv F-gp-Xp- p: ""a-\p-jy - v F-s - mw t\-sp-hm-\pw ti-jcn- p-hm-\pw I-gn-bp- p-thm A-Xn-s\- m-sf- mw hne-]n-sn- -Xpw A-h-cp-sS Po-hn-X-hn-P-b-ßƒ- v D-]- bp- -hp-am-wv Iz-p -B. A- m-lp-hn-s Hu-Zmcy-hpw Im-cp-Wy-hpw aq-e-am-wv A-X-h a-\p-jy - v \ -In-b-Xv. A-Xp-sIm- v A-Xn k-t m-jw {]-I-Sn- n- p-i-bm-wv a-\p-jy sn-tø- -Xv''- (^- Xv-lp -d-lv-am 2:453,454).- Sn.sI.- A- p- ap-kv-e-n-bm F-gp-Xp- p: ""]-dbp-i;- A- m-lp-hn-s Hu-Z-m-cy-hpw (C-kv-emw) A- h-s Im-cp-Wy-hpw (Iz-p -B ) sim- v A-h k- t m-jn- -s. A-h kz-o-i-cn- p- -h-sb- mƒ D- Ø-aw A-Xm-Ip- p''- (X-^v-ko-dp Iz-p -B, t]- Pv 284).- Iq-Sp-X - hn-i-zo-i-cn-t - -Ø-hn-[w- k-a-kv-xbp-ss- ]-fin-x- m - k-xyw- F-gp-Xn-sh- n- p-s - vhn-s {]-hm-n-i-\p- v. A-t±-l-sØ \n-ßƒ B-Z-cn- -Ww. _-lp-am-\n- - Ww. A-t±-l-Øn-s I -]-\- v \nßƒ Io-gv-s]-Sp-I-bpw a-cym-z Im- p-ibpw th-ww. \n-ßƒ- p- \- -I-sf Ip-dn- v G-sd A-dn-bp- -Xpw \n-ß-tfm- Sv G-sd kv-t\-l-ap- -Xpw \n-ß-fp-ss A-`n-{]m-b-ß-sf- mƒ G- -hpw \- A-`n-{]m-b-ap- -Xpw A- m-lp-hn-s d- kq-en-\m-wv''- (hm-fyw- 4, t]-pv 246).- C-\n te-j-i \-S-Øn-b Zp -hym- Jym-\-ßƒ ]-cn-tim-[n- mw:- 1. ""Cu B-tLm-jw sim- m-sm A- m-lp Iz-p -B-\n-eq-sS ]-d-bp- p- v: \-_n-tb, A- m-lphn-s ^-Zv-ev sim- pw d-lv-a-øv sim- pw P-\- ßƒ k-t m-jw {]-I-Sn- n- p sim- -s. A-Xv A-h-cp-sS ap-gp-h k- t m-j-sø- m-fpw Kp-W-I-c-am-Wv.' -C-amw kp-bq-xz-n C-Xn-s hn-i-z-o-ic-w-øn ]-d-bp- p: d-lv-a-øv sim- p- D-tZ-iyw d-kq bm-wv (Zp - dp a -kz-q 4/327)''- (kp- -Øv- am- 22

$23 a - -kv i-co-a-øv tim-tf-pv s{]m-^-k-dm-bn-cp- A- t m-w ]n.$

23 23 a - -kv i-co-a-øv tim-tf-pv s{]m-^-k-dm-bn-cp- A- t m-w ]n.si ap-ln-bn-±o ap-kv-en-bm F-gp-Xp- p: ""`- n-{]-i-s-\-am-bn B-cw-`n- au-en-zm-tlm-jw kv-iu- v, h-sn ho-i, Ip- - -b- v, ]- w-sim-fp-øv Xp-S-ßnb-h-bn-eq-sS i- n-{]-i-s-\-am-bn am-dp- p- v. Cu-am- \n-s A-Xyp- -X in-j-cw em-c-em-l C- - m-lv F- - Xm-sW- pw A-Xn-s G- -hpw Xm-sg In-S-bn-ep- -Xv am -K-X-S- w \o- -em-sw- pw ]Tn- n- {]-hm-n-is P- -Zn-\-Øn-s t]-cn a-wn- q-dp-i-tfm-fw hml-\-ßƒ- pw bm-{x- m - pw am -K-X-S- w kr- n- p- -Xv i-cn-b-.'' (A C -^m-zv, 1993 sk-]v-xw-_, t]-pv 9).- hy- -am-b-t m.- Zp - hym-jym-\- ho-c- m - v- C-Ø-cw- D- -c-wn- Iƒ- Nn- -d- X-e-th-Z-\- b- - kr-jv-sn- p- -Xv.- 2. ""C-Xn-\v D-t]m - _-e-i-am-wv \-_n-xß-sf Iz-p -B d-lva-øv- F- v hn-ti-jn- n- -Xpw. \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-j-øn- \v Iz-p -B-\n-s ]n -_-e-hp-ap-s - p Np-cp- w. am-{x-a- Cu-km \-_n- v s]-cp- mƒ B-tLm-j- Øn-\v kp-{] C-d- n-s m-sp-ø kw-`-hw hn-h-cn- p- B-b-Øn-\p X-^v-ko-dm-bn C-amw C-kv-am-Cuep lo-jn ]-d-bp- p: C-Xn-s\- m-fpw h-en-b _-lp-a-xn-bm-wv \-_n-bp-ss ao-em-zv''-(t]-pv 22).- aq- v X-cw I-_-fn- n- -em-wv te-j-i C-hnsS \-S-Øn-b-Xv. H- v, \-_n v A- m-lp \ -Inb "d-lv-a-øv'- F- hn-ti-j-w-øn-s A -Y-sØ "B-tLm-jw'- - F- m- n am- n. C-amw Iz-p -Xp-_n(dln-) ]-d-bp- p: ""C-_v-\p A- m-kv hn \n- v: ap-l-ω-zv tem-i - v Im-cp-Wy-am-Wv. B-cv d-kqen hn-iz-kn- p-i-bpw k-xy-s -Sp-Øp-I-bpw snbv-xp-thm A-h hn-p-bn- pw''- (X-^v-ko Iz-p -Xp- _n, t]-pv 6:- 232, hm-fyw-).- c- v, Cu-km \-_n bp-ss {]m -Y-\m ^-e-ambn B-Im-i-Øp-\n- v A- m-lp C-d- n-s -m-sp-ø Zr-jv-S-m- -am-b `- -W-Ø-fn-I-bp-sS a-d-hn X-s {]-am-w Zp -hym-jym-\-øn-\v s]m-en-a Iq-. aq- v, ao-em-zv B-tLm-j-Øn-s ]q -h-]n-xm- fm-b kz-q-^n-i-fn-se {]-[m-\ ]-fin-x C-kv-am- Cu A ln-jn-bp-ss hm- p-iƒ F-Sp-Øv A- lv-ep- p- -bp-ss \n-e-]m-sn-s\ H-gn-hm- n. 3. ""Iz-p -B X-s ]-d-bp- p: \n- -bw A- mlp-hpw A-h-s am-em-j-am-cpw Xn-cp-\-_n- v "kzem-øv' snm- p- p. A-Xn-\m \n-ß-fpw kz-em-øpw kz-em-apw snm- p-i.'- C-hn-sS kz-em-øv F- ]-Z- Øn hn-h- \-_n-bp-ss t{i-jvt-x sh-fn-hm- ns m- pw _-lp-am-\n- v sim- pw \-_n-bp-ss _ - -Øv sim- pw Zp-B C-c- p-i F- -Xm-sW- v C-amw ss_-fm-hn hy- -am- p- p- v''- (t]-pv,22).- \-_n v Im-cp-Wy-hpw im- n-bpw In- p- -Xn- \v th- n hn-izm-kn-iƒ {]m -Y-n- -W-sa- I - ]-\-bm-wv kq-dx- A-lv-km-_n-se 56-mw- h-n-\w. kzem-øv F-ß-s\ snm- -W-sa- pw A-hn-Sp- v ]Tn- n- p-x- n- p- v.- F- m ]-e \n -a-n-x kz-em-øp- I-fpw A-Xn-eq-sS \-_n sb A-an-X-am-bn {]-iwkn- -epw in - pw _n-zv-a-øp-sa- mw Cu B-b- Øn-s\ a-d-hn - ]p-tcm-ln-x- m k-aq-l-øn - {]- N-cn- n- n- p- v.- si.hn.- ap-l-ω-zv ap-kv-en-bm Iq- - \m-sv Cu B-b-Øn-\v sim-sp-ø hni-z-o-i-c-ww Im-Wp-I:- ""A- m-lp \- _n-bp-ss ta kz-em-øv \n -h-ln- p-i F- -Xv a-e- p-i-fp-ss A-Sp-Øv sh- v \-_n sb {]-iw-kn- -em-sw- pw a-e- p-iƒ k-em-øv snm- p-i F- -Xv A-h \-_n- v th- n {]m - Y-n- em-sw- pw C-amw A-_p B- en-b {]-kv-xm-hn- -Xm-bn C-amw _p- Jm-cn D- -cn- n-cn- p- p. A- m-lp hns "kz-em-øv' A-h-s Im-cp-Wy-h - j-am-sw- pw hym-jym-\-ap- v. k-xyhn-izm-kn-iƒ kz-em-øv snm- p-i F- -Xv \-_n v A- m-lp-hn- \n- pw Im-cp-Wyw snm-cn- p-sim-sp- phm-\m-bn {]m -Y-n- -em-wv. k-emw F- hm- n-\v k-am-[m-\w, im- n, c- F- o A -Y-ß-fp- v. \-_n- v k-emw snm- p-i F- -Xn-s hn-h- \-_n- v im- n-bpw k-am-[m-\-hpw h -

$""ho-sn-s D- n A-S-ßn-sbm-Xp-ßn-bn-cn- m I - ]-n- -s - X-cp-Wo-a-Wn-Iƒ ssi- -p- p-ß-sf-bpta- n A -[-\-Kv-\-I-fm-bn tdm-un-\n-cp-h-i-øpw ÿ- ew ]n-sn- v ]-c-]p-cp-j Z -i-\-øn-\pw kv-] -i-\-øn- \pw$

24 ""ho-sn-s D- n A-S-ßn-sbm-Xp-ßn-bn-cn- m I - ]-n- -s - X-cp-Wo-a-Wn-Iƒ ssi- -p- p-ß-sf-bpta- n A -[-\-Kv-\-I-fm-bn tdm-un-\n-cp-h-i-øpw ÿ- ew ]n-sn- v ]-c-]p-cp-j Z -i-\-øn-\pw kv-] -i-\-øn- \pw Im-c-W-am-Ip- -Xn-s ap-jy ]- v C- -sø kv-iu- n-\pw Z-^v-^n-\pw a- p-am-sw- n B kv-iu- n-s -bpw Z-^v-^n-s -bpw Im-cy-hpw ]-fin-x k-`-bp-ss Nn- - v hn-j-bo-`-hn-t - -Xm-Wv. A-Xv sim- v A-Ø-cw Imcy-ßƒ-s m- pw C-Sw sim-sp- m-ø hn-[w `- ym-z-c {]-I-S-\w am-{x-am-bn \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-jw am-td- n-bncn- p- p F- -Xm-Wv F-s hn-\o-x-am-b A-`n-{]m-bw''- (A C -^m-zv, 1993 sk-]v-xw-_, t]-pv 9). [-n- n- p-sim-sp- m th- n {]m -Y-n- -em-wv''- (^-Xv-lp -d- m 3/545, 546).- C-amw ss_-fm-hn(d-ln-) ]-d-bm-ø H- v A-t±-l-Øn-te- v tn -Øn- -dbp-i-b-m-wv- te-j-i sn-bv-xn-cn- p- -Xv.- ""A- m-lp-hpw A-h-s a-e- p- I-fpw {]-hm-n-i-s a-l-ø-zw {]-I-Sam- p- -Xn-\pw A-t±-l-sØ a-l-ø-zs -Sp-Øp- -Xn-\pw ]-cn-k-w-\ \ -Ip- p. (hn-izm-kn-i-tf) \n-ß-fpw- A-Xv- {]-Im-cw ]-cn-k-w-\ \ -Ip-I.- Im-c- Ww \n-ß-fm-w-xn-\v G- -hpw A -lcm-bn- p- -Xv''- (X-^v-ko - ss_-fm-hn 4/375) F- Cu hn-h-c-w-sø-bm-wv ta -{]-Im-cw te-j-i - tim- n am- nbn-cn- p- -Xv. 4. ""Xn-cp-\-_n J-Zo-P _o-hn-sb {]-Io -Øn- - Xpw B-Sn-s\ A-dp-Øv `- -Ww sim-sp-ø-xpw C- amw _p-jm-cn kz-lo-ln D- -cn- p- p- v. C- sx- mw au-en-zn-\v hy- -am-b tc-j-i-fm-wv''- (t]- Pv 22).- h-en-b sx-fn-hm-bn \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-j-hm-zn-iƒ sim- v \-S- p- kw-`-h-am-wn-xv. C-amw _p-jmcn(d-ln-) a-cym-z-iƒ ]Tn- n- p- A-[-ym-b-Øn-epw C-amw ap-kv-enw(d-ln-) kz-lm-_-øn-s t{i-jvt-x- Iƒ ]-d-bp- `m-k-øp-am-wv Cu l-zo-y-v tn -Øn- p- -Xv. A- m-lp-hn-te- p- A-Sp- w, Zm-\-[ -a-w, J-Zo-P tbm-sp- kv-t\-lw Xp-S-c, A-h-cp-sS Iq- p-im-cn-i-fp-am-bp- _- w tn - C-sX- m-am- Wv \-_n C-Xv sim- v e- yw sh- -Xv.- A- msx P-\-\-Øn-epw- a-c-w-øn-epwk-t m-jw {]-I-Sn- n-t m, {]- txy-i k-a-bw I-t m A- C- Xv- sn-bv-xn- p- -Xv.- ]n-s C-sXß-s\ \-_n- -b-p-ss- P- -Zn-\-amtLm-jn- m-\pw- d-_o-d A- Δ am-kw ap-gp-h-\m-bn B-Sn- Ø-n-a - m-\pw C-kv-e-m-an-I aqey-ßƒ- v- hn-cp- -am-b- Im-cyßƒ- sn-øm-\pw- C-h - v- tc-j- bm-ipw?- 5. A-_q-_-Iv- ]-d-bp- p: ""B-sc- n-epw \-_n-bp-ss au-en- Zn H-cp Zn -lw Nn-e-h-gn- m A-h kz -K-Øn F-s k- Xo -Yy-\m-Wv.'- D-a ]-d-bp- p: "h- -h-\pw au-en-zv B-tLm-jw a-l-ø-z-am- n-bm A-h C- kv-e-m-an-s\ Po-hn- n- p' (C-_v-\p l-p,- \n-av-a- Xp Ip-_v-dm-).(kp- -Øv am-kn-i, t]-pv 23).''- a-lm- m-cm-b- kz-lm-_n-am-cp-ss- t]-cn ]-d-bp- - ip- -\p-w-bm-wn-sx- v ]-d-bm-xn-cn- m h-ø. C-cp-h-sc-bpw C-kv-em-an \n- v ]p-d-øm- -W-sa- v ]-c-ky-s -Sp-Øn-b in-bm- -fp-ss B-Z -iw- t]- dp- -h - v- F- pw F-gp-Xn-hn-Sm-a-t m. 7. ""\-_n-zn-\-tøm-s-\p-_- n- v C- v Im-Wp- tlm-j-bm-{x-bpw A- -Zm-\-hpw a- pw kq-d-øv bq- \p-kn ]-d- B-tLm-j ]-cn-[n-bn s]- -Xm- Wv. ap-a-hv-h-n-zn-s a-iƒ dp-_-bv-a-bp-ss hn-hml Zn-h-kw _-Z ip-l-zm-c-s\ kv-a-cn- v Z-^v-ap- n ]m-sp- -Xv \-_n-bp-ss {i- -bn s]-sp-i-bpw X-ßƒ A-Xv Aw-Ko-I-cn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. Cu kw-`-hw _p-jm-cn-bn Im-Wmw. C-Xn \n- v B-h-iy-Øn- \v Z-^v D-]-tbm-Kn- mw F- v hy- -am-wv''- (kp- - Øv am-kn-i, t]-pv-23).- 24

$25 ]-d-b-s - B-b-Øpw l-zo-y-pw Zo-\n ]p-xp-xmbn D- m- -s - B-tLm-j-sØ kw-_- n- - m- Ø-Xn-\m Iz-p -B-\n-s -bpw l-zo-y-n-s -bpw D-t±i-sØ X-ßƒ- hn-nm-cn- p- -Xn-te- v am- p-i F- kz-`m-hw c- -Øn A-en-$

25 25 ]-d-b-s - B-b-Øpw l-zo-y-pw Zo-\n ]p-xp-xmbn D- m- -s - B-tLm-j-sØ kw-_- n- - m- Ø-Xn-\m Iz-p -B-\n-s -bpw l-zo-y-n-s -bpw D-t±i-sØ X-ßƒ- hn-nm-cn- p- -Xn-te- v am- p-i F- kz-`m-hw c- -Øn A-en- p-tn - - C-h - p- - a-dp-]-sn C-h-cn-ep- - Nn-e - X-s - \ -Inbn- p- v.- a - -kv i-co-a-øv tim-tf-pv s{]m-^-kdm-bn-cp- A-t m-w ]n.si ap-ln-bn-±o ap-kv-enbm F-gp-Xp- p: ""`- n-{]-i-s-\-am-bn B-cw-`n- auen-zm-tlm-jw kv-iu- v, h-sn ho-i, Ip- - -b- v, ]- w-sim-fp-øv Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bneq-sS i- n-{]-i-s-\-am-bn am-dp- p- v. Cu-am-\n-s A-Xyp- -X in-j-cw em-cem-l C- - m-lv F- -Xm-sW- pw A-Xns G- -hpw Xm-sg In-S-bn-ep- -Xv am -K- X-S- w \o- -em-sw- pw ]Tn- n- {]-hm- N-I-s P- -Zn-\-Øn-s t]-cn a-wn- qdp-i-tfm-fw hm-l-\-ßƒ- pw bm-{x- m - pw am -K-X-S- w kr- n- p- -Xv i-cnb-. hm-l-\-ßƒ dq- p-am- n hn-sm-dp- -Xv sim- v am -K-X-S- w h-cn-s - m-wv hm- Z-sa- n am-dn-b dq- n-s \o-fw Im-c-Ww [-\-\-jv-s-hpw k-a-b-\- -hpw A-\p-`-h-s - Sp-sa- v Xo -. C-Ø-cw Im-c-W-Øm \-_n sb h- -h-cpw ]-gn- m C-S-h- m (\-Du-Zp-_n- m-lv) A-Xn-s {]-Xym- Lm-Xw Du-lm-Xo-X-am-Wv. ho-sn-s D- n A-S-ßn-sbm-Xp-ßn-bncn- m I -]-n- -s - X-cp-Wo-a-Wn-Iƒ ssi- -p- p-ß-sf-bp-ta- n A -[-\-Kv-\-I-fm-bn tdm-un-\n-cp-h-i-øpw ÿ-ew ]n-sn- v ]-c-]p-cp-j Z - i-\-øn-\pw kv-] -i-\-øn-\pw Im-c-W-am-Ip- -Xns ap-jy ]- v C- -sø kv-iu- n-\pw Z-^v-^n-\pw a- p-am-sw- n B kv-iu- n-s -bpw Z-^v-^n-s -bpw Im-cy-hpw ]-fin-x k-`-bp-ss Nn- - v hn-j-bo-`hn-t - -Xm-Wv. A-Xv sim- v A-Ø-cw Im-cy-ßƒs m- pw C-Sw sim-sp- m-ø hn-[w `- ym-z-c {]- I-S-\w am-{x-am-bn \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-jw am-td- n-bncn- p- p F- -Xm-Wv F-s hn-\o-x-am-b A-`n-{]mbw''- (A C -^m-zv, 1993 sk-]v-xw-_, t]-pv 9).- 8. "A-Sp-Ø Im-ew h-sc C-Xn-sem- pw Im-cy-ambn X - -ap- m-bn-cp- n-. F- m F- pw hn-hm- Z-am- m-\p- ]-cn-jv-i-c-w {]-ÿm-\-øn-s A- P- -bp-ss `m-k-am-bn ap-øv \-_n-sb snm- n-bpw ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-øn X - -ap-b-cp- -Xv \mw ImtW- n h- p. ap-l-ω-zv \-_n bp-ss ÿm-\-hpw am-\-hpw a-\- n-em- p- -Xn Nn-e - v Im-cy-am-b X-I-cm-dv h- p F- v \mw ]-d-bp- -Xv C-Xn-s -b-snÿm-\-øn-em-wv''- (kp- -Øv- am-kn-i,- t]-pv-21).- \-_n sb k-aq-l-a-[y-øn \n-μn- p- X-c-Øn ap-sn-bpw h-sn-bpw s]m-sn-bpw sn-cn- pw C-Ωm-Xn-cn B- tlm-j-bm-{x-bpw Np-a- v \-S- p- C-h - v _m-[n- X-I-cm Hm -Øm B - pw k- -Sw-h-cpw. a-x-hncp- hn-izm-km-nm-c-ßƒ B-cn \n- v F-s - mw D- m-bn- p-t m A-s - mw k-xy-k- ap-jw t\m- msx F-Xn -Øn- p-ap- v. A-Xv hn-hm-z-am- -e-, i-cns -Sp-Ø-em-Wv. \-_n sb k-aq-l-a-[y-øn \nμn- p- X-c-Øn ap-sn-bpw h-sn-bpw s]m-sn-bpw sn-cn- pw C-Ωm-Xn-cn B- tlm-j-bm-{x-bpw Np-a- v \-S- p- C- h - v _m-[n- X-I-cm Hm -Øm B - pw k- -Sw-h-cpw. a-x-hn-cp- hnizm-km-nm-c-ßƒ B-cn \n- v F-s - mw D- m-bn- p-t m A-s - mw k- Xy-k- ap-jw t\m- m-sx F-Xn - Øn- p-ap- v. A-Xv hn-hm-z-am- -e-, i- cn-s -Sp-Ø-em-Wv. \-_n-zn-\m-tlm-jw- C-kv-em-an-I-sa- v- hm-zn- p- -h-cm-wv sx-fn-hv lm-pdm-t - -Xv. H- p-in t\-cn- v hn-jbw ]-d-bp- -txm, A-s - n hn-jb-sø Dƒ-sIm- p- -txm B-b kzo- Im-cy-am-b sx-fn-hp-iƒ. A- m-sx {]- am-w-ß-sf h-{io-i-cn- v- sx-fn-hp- \n - an- p- -Xv- ]-c-tem-i-t_m-[-ap- -h - v- `q-j-w-a-.

$com ap-l-ω-zv- \-_n(kz): 1 tej\w tem-i-kp-cpap-l-ω-zv- \-_n A- y-\mƒ- h-sc-bp- - am-\-h-cm-in-bp-ss- am -K-Z -i-i-\m-b- ap-l- Ω-Zv- \-_n- -bp-ss- kw-`-h-_-lp-e-hpw- am-xr-im-tbm-ky-hp-am-b-$

26 ^-Zv-ep l-jv D-a-cn ap-l-ω-zv- \-_n(kz): 1 tej\w tem-i-kp-cpap-l-ω-zv- \-_n A- y-\mƒ- h-sc-bp- - am-\-h-cm-in-bp-ss- am -K-Z -i-i-\m-b- ap-l- Ω-Zv- \-_n- -bp-ss- kw-`-h-_-lp-e-hpw- am-xr-im-tbm-ky-hp-am-b- Po-hn-XsØ- p-dn- v- a-\- n-em- p-hm - {i-an- -h-scm-s - A-t±-l-Øn-s - A- \p-]-a- hy- n-xz-øn - hn-kv-a-bn- v- t]m-bn- p- v.- k-xy-hn-izm-kn-iƒ- v- B- Po-hn-X-sØ- A-Sp-Ø-dn-bp- -Xn-eq-sS- hn-izm-k- Zr-Vo-I-c-Ww- e- `n- p-sa- -Xn - kw-i-b-an-.- \-_n kz-bp-ss Po-h-N-cn-{Xw ]Tn- p- -Xn-eq-sS H- -\-h-[n Kp-W-ßƒ H-cp ap-kv-e-n-an-s\ e-`n- m-\p- v.- A-h \-ap- v C-{]-Im-cw kw-{k-ln- mw:- 1. kz-`m-h-øn-epw Po-hn-X-co-Xn-bn-e-pw H-cp k-ºq -W a-\p-jy-s - D- Zm-Ø am-xr-i-bm-wv \-_n-bp-ss Po-hn-Xw.- a-\p-jy - X-s - Po-hn-X-Øn A-t\z-jn- p- -Xpw A-Xp-X-s -bm-wv.- A- m-lp- ]-d-bp- p-:- ""Xo - -bmbpw \o a-l-øm-b kz-`m-h-øn-em-ip- p.''- (Izp -B - 68:-4).- 26

$2. Iz-p -B-\n-epw kp- -Øn-epw h- n- p- C-kve-m-an-I \n-b-a-ß-fp-ss {]m-h -Øn-I cq-]-am-wv \- _n -bp-ss-bpw kz-lm-_n-am-cp-ss-bpw Po-hn-Xw.- A- Xv- ]T-n- B-cm-[-\-bp-sS H-cp `m-kw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.$

27 2. Iz-p -B-\n-epw kp- -Øn-epw h- n- p- C-kve-m-an-I \n-b-a-ß-fp-ss {]m-h -Øn-I cq-]-am-wv \- _n -bp-ss-bpw kz-lm-_n-am-cp-ss-bpw Po-hn-Xw.- A- Xv- ]T-n- B-cm-[-\-bp-sS H-cp `m-kw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- A- m-lp- ]-d-bp- p-:- ""...-\n-ßƒ- p d-kq \ -Inb-sX-t m A-Xv \n-ßƒ kzo-i-cn- p-i. F-s m- n \n- v A-t±-lw \n-ß-sf hn-e- n-tbm A- Xn \n- v \n-ßƒ H-gn- v \n - p-i-bpw sn-øp- I...-''- (Izp -B - 59:-7).- 3. hm- n-epw {]-hr-øn-bn-epw D-t±-iy-Øn-epw- kz- `m-h-øn-epw \-_n -sb- ]n -]- a-x-]-c-am-b \n - _- I-S-a-bm-W.-v \-_n -bp-ss Po-hn-X-hpw A-hn- S-sØ N-cy-I-fpw kz-`m-h-ß-fpw {]-txy-i-x-i-fpw {]-hm-n-i-xz-øn-s - sx-fn-hp-i-fpw a-\- n-em- n-sb- n am-{x-sa Cu ]n -]- km-[y-am-hp-i-bp- q.- A- m-lp- ]-d-bp- p-:- ""]-d-bp-i: a-\p-jy-tc, Xo - bm-bpw Rm \n-ß-fn-te-s - m-ap- A- m-lp-hns Zq-X-\m-Ip- p. B-Im-i-ß-fp-sS-bpw `q-an-bp-ssbpw B-[n-]-Xyw G-sXm-cp-h- m-twm A-h-s (Zq- X ).- A-h-\- m-sx H-cp ssz-h-hp-an-. A-h Pohn- n- p-i-bpw a-cn- n- p-i-bpw sn-øp- p. A-Xn- \m \n-ßƒ A- m-lp-hn-epw A-h-s Zq-X-\n-epw hn-iz-kn- p-hn. A-sX, A- m-lp-hn-epw A-h-s h-n-\-ß-fn-epw hn-iz-kn- p- A- -c-pv-rm-\-an- m- Ø B {]-hm-n-i-\n. A-t±-l-sØ \n-ßƒ ]n - ]- p-hn \n-ßƒ t\ -am -Kw {]m-]n- mw''- (Izp - B - 7:-158).- 4. D- p-sim- pw ]p-dw-sim- pw \-_n -sb ]n - ]- X-s - c- n-xm-hn-t\m-sp- kv-t\-l-øn-s - A-S-bm-f-am-Wv.- A-Xn-s - ^-e-am-i-s d- n-s - kvt\-lw- Xn-cn- p- e-`n- -epw.- A- m-lp- ]-d-bp- p-:- ""(\- _n-tb,) ]-d-bp-i: \n-ßƒ A- m-lp-sh kv-t\-ln- p- p-s - n F-s \n-ßƒ ]n- p-s-cp-i. F- n A- m-lp \n-ß-sf kv-t\-ln- p-i-bpw \n-ßfp-ss ]m-]-ßƒ s]m-dp-øp-x-cn-i-bpw sn-øp- -Xm- Wv. A- m-lp G-sd s]m-dp- p- -h-\pw I-cp-Wm- \n-[n-bp-a-s{x''- (Izp -B - 3:-31).- 5. F- m X- n-ep-ap- P-\-ßƒ- pw {]-hm-n-i Po-hn-X-Øn ]mt-ß-fp- v.- A-h-sc _m-[n- p- {]-bm-k-ß-fn-epw ]-co- -W-ß-fn-epw B-izm-k-am- Wv {]-hm-n-i Po-hn-Xw.- {]-txy-in- pw ]-fin-x- m - pw `-c-wm-[n-im-cn-iƒ- pw.- A- m-lp- ]-d-bp- p-:- ""\n-s c- n-xm-hn-s Xo-cp-am-\-Øn-\v \o -am- ]q -h-w Im-Øn-cn- p-i. Xo - -bm-bpw \o \-Ωp-sS Zr-jv-Sn-bn-em-Ip- p. \o F-gp-t - p- k-a-b-øv \n-s c- n-xm-hn-s\ kv-xp-xn- p- -txm-ssm- w A- h-s ]-cn-ip- n-sb \o {]-Io -Øn- p-i-bpw snøp-i. cm-{xn-bn Ip-d- v k-a-b-hpw \- -{X-ßƒ ]n -hm-ßp-tºm-gpw \o A-h-s ]-cn-ip- n-sb {]- Io -Øn- p-i''- (Izp -B - 52:-48,49) {]-hm-n-i Po-hn-Xw k- -cn- Cu-am-\n-s - ]m-x-i-fpw D-Ø-a kz- `m-h-ß-fpw hn-izm-kn-bp-ss a-\- -n-\vi- n ]-I-cp-I-bpw lr-z-b-ßƒ- v B-izm-kw snm-cn- p sim-sp- p-ibpw \- hm- p-iƒ- pw {]-h -Ø- \-ßƒ- pw t{]-c-w \ -Ip-I-bpw {]- Xn-^-e-ß-fp-sS I-hm-S-ßƒ Xp-d- psim-sp- p-i-bpw sn-øp- p. A- m-lp- ]-d-bp- p-:- ""...-A- m-lp-sh-bpw A-hs Zq-X-s\-bpw B A-\p-k-cn- p- p-thm A-h a-l-øm-b hn-p-bw t\-sn-bn-cn- p- p''- (Izp -B - 33:-71).- 7. Iz-p -B-\pw l-zo-y-pw a-\- n-em- m-\p- H-cp k-lm-bn-bm-wv \-_n- N-cn-{Xw:- ""hy- -am-b sx-fn-hp-i-fpw th-z-{k-ÿ-ß-fp-am-bn (A-h-sc \mw \ntbm-kn- p).- \n-\- v \mw D -t_m-[- \w A-h-X-cn- n- v X- n-cn- p- p. P- \-ßƒ- m-bn A-h-X-cn- n- -s - -Xv \o A-h - v hn-h-cn- p-sim-sp- m th- -n-bpw A-h Nn- n- m th- -n-bpw''- (Izp -B - 16:-44).- 8. cm-pm-hpw {]-P-I-fp-w Dƒ-s mt - -p- H- -\-h-[n ]mt-ßƒ- \n-d- -Xm-Wv- {]-hm-n-i N-cn-{Xw.- A-l- m-cn-i-fn -\n- pw [n- -m-cn-i-fn \n- pw- c- - e-`n- m-\p- - am -K-sa-s - v- a-\- n-em- m-\p- - h-gn-bm-wv- {]- hm-n-i Po-hn-Xw:- ""Xo - -bm-bpw A- h-cp-ss N-cn-{X-Øn _p- n-am -am - v ]mt-ap- v-...-''- (Izp -B - 12:-111).- 9. h-ºn- hn- m-\ ti-j-c-am-wv {]-hm-n-i-po-hn-xw.- A-Xn hn-izm-kw,- hn-[n-hn-e- p-iƒ,- Z-Av-h-Øv,- A-[ym-

28 \-_n-bp-ss {]-txy-i-x-iƒ A-hn-Sp-sØ N-cn-{Xw ]Tn- p- -Xn-eq-sS-b- m-sx a-\- n-em- m I-gn-bp-I-bn-.- Cu-am-\n-s -b-pw Z-Av-h-Øn-s -bpw A-[ym-]-\-Øns -bpw- hn-[n-hn-e- p-i-fp-ss-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-ßƒ-- ssh- m-\n-i-am-bpw I -a-]-c-am-bpw a-\- n-em- -Wsa- n {]-hm-n-i N-cn-{Xw A-dn-bp-I-X-s th-ww. -F m X- n-ep-ap- P-\-ßƒ- pw {]-hm-n-i Po-hn-X- Øn ]mt-ß-fp- v.- A-h-sc _m-[n- p- {]-bm-kß-fn-epw ]-co- -W-ß-fn-epw B-izm-k-am-Wv {]-hm- N-I Po-hn-Xw.- {]-txy-in- pw ]-fin-x- m - pw `-c-wm- [n-im-cn-iƒ- pw.-- ]-\w,- cm-{ o-bw,- Pn-lm-Zv,- kz-`m-h a- cym-z-iƒ...- F- mw Dƒ-s m- p- p:- ""A- -c- -m-\-an- m-ø-h - n-sbn, X-s Zr-jv-Sm- -ßƒ A-h - v hm-bn- p-tiƒ-]n- p-i-bpw A-h-sc kw-kv-i-cn- p-i-bpw A-h - v th-z-{k- Ÿ-hpw X-Ø-z- -m-\-hpw ]Tn- n- p- I-bpw sn-øm A-h-cn \n- p-x-s bp- H-cp Zq-X-s\ \n-tbm-kn- -h-\m- Ip- p A-h. Xo - -bm-bpw A-h ap-ºv hy- -am-b h-gn-ti-sn-em-bn-cp- p''- (Izp -B - 62:-2) A- m-lp-hn-te- p- - Z-Av-h-Øns - A-Sn-ÿm-\-ßƒ A- -m-lp Iz-p - B-\n hn-i-zo-i-cn- p- p.- \-_n-amcp-ss- {]-t_m-[-\-øn-s - A-Sn-ÿm-\- ß-fpw A-hn-sS B-h-iy-am-b -abpw Kp-W-Imw- -bpw A- m-lp-hn-s - h-n-\-øn-s - D- -Xn- p-th- n k - h-xpw k-a - n- -epw F-s - pw- F- ß-s\-sb- pw- A- m-lp Iz-p -B-\neq-sS ]Tn- n- p- p.- A-Xn-\p-ti-jw \-_n - X-s - Po-hn-X-Øn {]-hr- Øn-]-Y-Øn-eq-sS A-Xv Im-Wn- p sim-sp- p- p.- A-ß-s\- i-{xp- ƒ t]m-epw an-{x-ß-fm-bn am-dn-sb- m-wv- N-cn-{Xw.- ""\- -Xpw No-Ø-bpw k-a-am-hp-i-bn-. G- -hpw \- -Xv G-tXm A-Xv sim- v- \o (Xn- -sb) {]-Xn-tcm-[n- p-i. A-t mƒ G-sXm-cp-h-\pw \o-bpw X- Ωn i-{xp-x-bp-t -m A-h-\-Xm (\ns ) D- -_- p F-t m-ww B-bn- Øo-cp- p. -a ssi-s m- -h - - m-sx A-Xn- \p- A-\p-{K-lw \ -I-s -Sp-I-bn-. h-ºn- `m- Ky-ap- -h- - m-sx A-Xn-\p- A-\p-{K-lw \ -Is -Sp-I-bn- ''- (Izp -B - 41:-34,35) Iz-p -B h-n-\-ß-fp-ss A-h-X-c-W Im-c-Wß-fpw \m-kn-jpw a -kq-jpw (\n-b-a t`-z-k-xn h- cp-ø-s - h-n-\-ßƒ)- \-_n -bp-ss I-c-ß-fn-eqsS A- m-lp \-S- m- n-b A-am-\p-jn-I Zr-jv-Sm- ß-fpw- {]-hm-n-i N-cn-{X-Øn-s - sh-fn- -Øn-eq-sSb- m-sx a-\- n-em- m km-[n- p-i-bn-.- - ""A-t±-lw X- n-jv-s-{]-im-cw kw-km-cn- p- p-an-. A-Xv A-t±-l-Øn-\v Zn-hy-k-tμ-i-am-bn \ -I-s -Sp- H-cp D -t_m-[-\w am-{x-am-ip- p''- (Izp -B - 53:-3,4) \-_n-bp-ss {]-txy-i-x-iƒ A-hn-Sp-sØ N- cn-{xw ]Tn- p- -Xn-eq-sS-b- m-sx a-\- n-em- m I-gn-bp-I-bn-.- Cu-am-\n-s -b-pw Z-Av-h-Øn-s -bpw A-[ym-]-\-Øn-s -bpw- hn-[n-hn-e- p-i-fp-ss-bpw D- kz-q-ep-iƒ (A-Sn-ÿm-\-ßƒ-)- ssh- m-\n-i-ambpw I -a-]-c-am-bpw a-\- n-em- -W-sa- n {]-hm- N-I N-cn-{Xw A-dn-bp-I-X-s th-ww.- ""Xo - -bm-bpw k-xy-hn-izm-kn-i-fn A-h-cn \n- v X-s -bp- H-cp Zq-X-s\ \n-tbm-kn- p-i h-gn A- m-lp a-l-øm-b A-\p-{K-l-am-Wv A-h - v \ - In-bn- p- -Xv. A- m-lp-hn-s Zr-jv-Sm- -ßƒ A-h - v Hm-Xn-t -ƒ-]n- p-i-bpw A-h-sc kw-kv-i-cn- p- I-bpw A-h - p {K-Ÿ-hpw -m-\-hpw ]Tn- n- p- I-bpw sn-øp- (H-cp Zq-X-s\)...''-(Izp -B - 3:-164).- {]-hm-n-i N-cn-{X-Øn-s - A-h-ew-_w Iz-p -B X-s -bm-w.-v {]-hm-n-i-xz-øn-\v ap-ºpw ]n-ºp-ap- Im-cy-ßƒ A- m-lp A-Xn hn-i-zo-i-cn- n- p- v-;- A-Xp-t]m-se X-s ln-pv-d- v ap-ºpw ti-j-hpw D- Im-cy-ß-fpw.- {]-hm-n-i N-cn-{Xw a-\- n-em- m Iz-p -B ]q -W-am-bpw D-]-tbm-K-s -S-W-sa- n c- p Imcy-ßƒ A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv:- 1) A-h-X-c-W Im-c-W-ß-fpw \m-kn-jpw a -kq- Jpw (\n-b-a t`-z-k-xn h-cp-ø-s - h-n-\-ßƒ) hni-zo-i-cn- p- Izp -B - hym-jym-\- {K-Ÿ-ß-fnte- v- a-s-ßp-i.- 2) \-_n -bp-ss hm- p-i-fpw {]-h -Ø-\-ß-fpw Aw-Ko-I-m-c-ß-fpw kz-`m-h-]-c-hpw im-co-cn-i-hp-am-b hn-ti-j-w-ß-fpw Dƒ-s m- n- Aw-Ko-Ir-X l- Zo-Y-v {K-Ÿ-ß-fn-te- v a-s-ßp-i.- _p-jm-cn,- ap-kv-e-nw,- ap-kv-\-zp A-lv-a-Zv,- kp-\-\p-iƒ (kp-\-\p-ø-n -ap- Zn, A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, C-_v-\p am-p, \-km-cu-) P-hm-an- D-I-ƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h A-Xn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.- A- Xn-s\-Ø-p-S - v N-cn-{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fpw A-h-ew-_n-t - -Xp- v 28

$lp-ssk - k-e-^n,- jm -Phsalafi@gmail.com kp-sse-am \-_n-(a)-: 01 Ncn{X]Yw kp-sse-am \-_n 29 Zm-hq-Zv \-_n- -v [m-cm-fw k- -Xn-Iƒ- D- mbn-cp- p. A- h-cn G-sd- {]-txy-i-x-i-f-p- B-fm-bn-cp- p kp-sse-am.$

29 lp-ssk - k-e-^n,- jm -Phsalafi@gmail.com kp-sse-am \-_n-(a)-: 01 Ncn{X]Yw kp-sse-am \-_n 29 Zm-hq-Zv \-_n- -v [m-cm-fw k- -Xn-Iƒ- D- mbn-cp- p. A- h-cn G-sd- {]-txy-i-x-i-f-p- B-fm-bn-cp- p kp-sse-am. A-t±-l-Øn-s - \m-aw Izp -B-\n ]-Xn-t\-gv X-h-W ]-cm-a - in- n- p- v. A-Xn H-cp ÿ-e-øv A- m-lp C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv ]- d- n- p- -Xv:- ""kp-sse-am Zm-hq-Zn-s A-\- -cm-h-im-in-bm-bn...''- (27:16). Zm-hq-Zv \-_n- bn- \n- v kp-sse-am A-\- -c-sa-sp- Ø-Xv F- m-sw- v ]-d- n- n-. [-\-am-bn-cp-t m A-t±-lw A-\- -cw F-Sp-Ø-Xv? H-cn- -ep-a-! Im-c-Ww,- \-_n-am hn-t - p t]m-ip- [-\-Øn-s - A-\- -cm-h-im-i-w k- m-\-ßƒ- v e-`n- n- ;- A-Xv A- m-lp \n-b-a-am- n-b-xm-wv. \-_n ]Tn- n- -Xm-bn _p-jm-cn-bn-epw ap-kv-e-n-an-ep-sa- mw \-ap- v C-{]-Im-cw Im-Wm-hp- -Xm-Wv.- R-ßƒ ({]-hm-n-i- m ) A-\- -c-sa-sp- s -Sp- -h-c-s - pw R-ßƒ D-t]- n- p- -Xv kz-z-iz-bm-sw- pw A-hn-Sp- v A-cp-fn-bn- p- v. a- p- -h - v A-\- -sc-sp- - Ø- hn-[-øn {]-hm-n-i- m k-º-øv hn-t - p t]m-ip- h-c- F- -Yw.-

30 A- m-lp A-h-s - Hm-tcm kr- n- pw A-Xn-s -Xm-b I-gn-hpw {]-Ir-X-hpw \ -In-b-h-\m-Wv. A-Xv A-\pk-cn- v Hm-tcm kr- n-bpw {]-h -Øn- p-i-bpw sn-øp- p. ]-e kr- n-i-fpw ]-e hn-[-øn \-Ωp-sS Po-hn- X-Øn C-S-s]-Sp- p- v. ]-e-xn-s\ ]- n-bpw \mw A- dn-bp- p. ]-e-xn-s\ ]- n-bpw \mw A- -cp-am-wv. \- ap- v km-[m-c-w- \n-e-bn - Im-Wm I-gn-bm-Ø H-cp kr- n A- m-lp A-Xn-\v- \ -In-b I-gn-hn-s - A-Snÿm-\-Øn \-Ωn C-S-s]-Sp- p-s - v hn-iz-kn- p- -Xv a-d- am -K-Øn-eq-sS A- m-lp-hn-\v am-{xsa \-Ωn C-S-s]-Sm km-[n- q F- hn-izm-k-øn- \v- F-Xn-c-.- A-Y-hm- Xu-lo-Zn-\v hn-cp- -a-. a-d- am -K-hpw sx-fn- am -K-hpw \mw th -Xn-cn-t - - Xv Im-cy-Im-c-W _- -ß-fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-emtWm A- -tbm- F- v t\m- n-bm-wv. ""Xo - -bm-bpw ]-fin-x- m \-_nam-sc A-\- -c-sa-sp- p- -h-cm-ip- p. Xo - -bm-bpw {]-hm-n-i- m Zn-\m-tdm Zn -l-tam A-\- -c-am- n t]m-ip- h-c-. \n- -b-am-bpw A-h A-\- -cam- p- -Xv A-dn-hn-s\-bm-Ip- p''- (-an- iv-im-øv).- Zm-hq-Zv \-_n- -v ]-Xn-s\-t m-fw a- -fp- m-bn-cp-s - m-wv N-cn-{Xw tc-j-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv. A-h-cn - kpsse-am F- ]p-{x-s\ am-{xw ]- cm-a -in- -Xn \n- v k-º-ø- C- hn-ss D-t±-iw F- v hy- -am-w-t m. A-Xp-t]m-se ]n-xm-hv a-c-w-s - m a- ƒ A-\- -c-sa-sp- p-sa- -Xpw {]- txy-iw F-Sp-Øp ]-d-tb- -Xp-an-.- A-t mƒ, \-_n hn-h-cn- -Xv t]m-se {]-hm-n-i- m C-hn-sS k-º-øv A- \- -c kz-øm-bn D-t]- n- p t]m-ip- -h-c-. A-dn-hm-Wv A-h hn-t - p t]m-ip- -Xv. A-Y-hm, Zm-hq-Zv \-_n- bn- \n- v a-i kp-sse-am A- \- -c-sa-sp-ø-xv A-dn-hn-s\-bpw hn-th- I-sØ-bp-am-Wv. {]-hm-n-i-xz ]-Z-hnbpw- A- m-lp- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- \ -In- A-\p-{K-ln- p.- Hm-tcm {]-hm-n-i-\pw- hy-xy-kv-x-ßfm-b {]-txy-i-x-iƒ A- m-lp \ - In-b-Xv \-ap- v Im-Wm I-gn-bpw.- A- {]-Im-cw kp-sse-am \-_n- -pw A- m-lp Nn-e {]-txy-i-x-iƒ \ -In-bn-cp- p. Izp -B A-Xvkw-_- -am-bn ]-d-bp- -Xv Im-Wp-I:- ""kp-sse-am Zm-hq-Zn-s A-\- -cm-h-im-in-bmbn. A-t±-lw ]-d- p: P-\-ß-tf, ]- n-i-fp-ss `m-j \-ap- v- ]Tn- n- -s - n-cn- p- p. F- m Im-cyß-fn \n- pw \-ap- v- \ -I-s -Sp-I-bpw sn-bv-xncn- p- p. Xo - -b-m-bpw C-Xv- X-s -bm-ip- p {]- Xy- -am-b A-\p-{K-lw''- (27:16). kp-sse-am, A- m-lp X-\n- v \ -In-b A-\p- {K-l-ß-sf P-\-ß-fp-sS ap- n A-dn-bn- p- -Xm-Wv Cu h-n-\-øn-eq-ss \mw Im-Wp- -Xv. A- m-lp A- t±-l-øn-\v ]- n-i-fp-ss kw-km-cw ]Tn- n- p sim- Sp-Øn-cp- p F- -Xv A-Xn {]-[m-\-s - H- m-wv. kp-sse-am \-_n- bp-ss- ssk-\y-øn-se- Aw- K-ßƒ- a-\p-jy am-{x-am-bn-cp- n-. A- m-lp- ]- d-bp- p-:- ""kp-sse-am- v- th- n Pn- n-epw a-\p-jy-cn-epw ]- n-i-fn-epw s]- X-s ssk-\y-ßƒ ti-j-cn- -s - p. A-ß-s\ A-h-c-Xm {I-a-{]-Im-cw \n -Øs -Sp- p''- (Izp -B - 27:17). kq-sse-am \-_n- bp-ss- ssk-\y-øn Pn- p-i-fpw a-\p-jy-cpw ]- n-i-fpw D- m-bn-cp- p F- m-wv Cu kq- w \-sω ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. A- m-lp A-h-s - Hm-tcm kr- n- pw A-Xn-s - Xm-b I-gn-hpw {]-Ir-X-hpw \ -In-b-h-\m-Wv. A-Xv A-\p-k-cn- v Hm-tcm kr- n-bpw {]-h -Øn- p-i-bpw sn-øp- p. ]-e kr- n-i-fpw ]-e hn-[-øn \-ΩpsS Po-hn-X-Øn C-S-s]-Sp- p- v. ]-e-xn-s\ ]- nbpw \mw A-dn-bp- p. ]-e-xn-s\ ]- n-bpw \mw A- -cp-am-wv. \-ap- v km-[m-c-w- \n-e-bn - Im- Wm I-gn-bm-Ø H-cp kr- n A- m-lp A-Xn-\v- \ -In-b I-gn-hn-s - A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn \-Ωn C- S-s]-Sp- p-s - v hn-iz-kn- p- -Xv a-d- am -K- Øn-eq-sS A- m-lp-hn-\v am-{x-sa \-Ωn C-S-s]- Sm km-[n- q F- hn-izm-k-øn-\v- F-Xn-c-.- A- Y-hm- Xu-lo-Zn-\v hn-cp- -a-. a-d- am -K-hpw sxfn- am -K-hpw \mw th -Xn-cn-t - -Xv Im-cy-Imc-W _- -ß-fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-tWm A- tbm- F- v t\m- n-bm-wv. Pn- p-i-fpw a-e- p-i-fpw A-`u-Xn-I-kr-jv-Sn-I-fmsW- pw A-h \-Ωn C-S-s]-Sp- p- v F- v hniz-kn- p- -Xv in - v B-sW- pw Nn-e hm-zn- p- p- v. "Pn- p-i-sf A- m-lp kp-sse-am \-_n- v- Io-gv-s]-Sp-Øn sim-sp-øn-t? A-Xv A-t±-l-Øn-\v- A- m-lp \ -In-b ap-av-pn-k-øm-wv.- ap-av-pn-k- Øv Im-cy-Im-c-W _- -Øn-\v A- p-d-øp- -Xp-a-m- Wv.- A-t mƒ Pn- p-iƒ Im-cy-Im-c-W _- -Øn-\v 30

31 A- p-d-ø-t? A-Xn-\m A-h \-Ωn C-S-s]- Sm I-gn-bpw F- v hn-iz-kn- m A-Xv- in - m- Wv'- F- m-wv C-h-cp-sS- hym-jym-\w. D-]-cn-kq-Nn-X- Izp -B - h-n-\-øn - A- m-lp kp-sse-am \-_n- -v Io-gv-s]-Sp-Øn sim-sp-ø- Xn-s - Iq- -Øn - Pn- p-iƒ am-{x-am-twm D- -X-v?- ]- n-i-sf-bpw Iq- -Øn - ]-d- n- p- -t m. ]- n- Iƒ- v- \-Ωn G-sX- n-epw hn-[-øn C-S-s]-Sm I-gn-bpw F- -Xn - B - m-wv - X - -ap- -Xv?- F- n - B- hn-izm-k-hpw- in - m-sw- -v- ]-d-tb- n-h-cn-t?- A-t mƒ B-cm-Wv in - n \n- v ap- -cm-hp-i?- hn-izm-kw kz- -am-bn D- m- n A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn- v {]-am-w-ß-sf hy-jym-\n- p-tºmƒ kw-`-hn- p- hn-h-c-t -Sp-I-fm-Wv C-Xn-s -sb- mw A-Sn-ÿm-\w. C-hn-sS kp-sse-am \-_n- -v A- m-lp \ - In-b ap-av-pn-k-øv Pn- p-i-sf-bpw a-e- p-i-sf-bpw Io-gv-s]-Sp-Øn-s -m-sp-øp F- -Xm-Wv. A-Xv km- [m-c-w a-\p-jy - v km-[n- m-ø Im-cy-am-W-t m. kp-sse-am \-_n- X-s - Cu ssk-\n-i-scsb- mw- H-cp-an- v Iq- p-i-bpw A-h-sc F-Æn ]-cntim-[n- p-i-bpw sn-øp-am-bn-cp- p. A-t±-l-Øn-s - \n-b-{ -W-Øn-em-bn-cp- p A-h-sc- m-h-cpw. H-cn- A-h H-cp bm-{x ]p-d-s - p. B bm- {X- n-s-bn D- m-b c- v kw-`-h-ß-fm-wv \w-ev- F- - A-[ym-b-Øn A- m-lp \-ap- v hn-h-cn- p X-cp- -Xv. Cu c- v kw-`-h-øn-epw A- p-x-i-cam-b Nn-e- Im-cy-ßƒ- D- m-bn- p- v.- A-h-cp-sS bm- {X-sb kw-_- n- v Izp -B ]-d-bp- -Xv Im-Wp-I:- ""A-ß-s\ A-h D-dp-ºn Xm-gv-h-c-bn-eq-sS sn- -t mƒ H-cp D-dp-ºv- ]-d- p: tl, D-dp-ºp-I-tf, \n-ßƒ \n-ß-fp-ss ]m - n-s-ß-fn {]-th-in- p sim- p-i. kp-sse-am-\pw A-t±-l-Øn-s - ssk- \y-ß-fpw A-h Hm - m-ø hn-[-øn \n-ß-sf N-hn- n-tø- p-i-f-bm-xn-cn- -s ''- (Izp -B - 27:18). kp-sse-am \-_n- Dƒ-s]-Sp- B ssk-\n- I-hyq-lw bm-{x ]p-d-s - p. A-ß-s\ A-h-cp-sS bm- {X [m-cm-fw D-dp-ºp-I-fp- H-cp Xm-gv-h-c-bn F- Øn. B k-μ -`-Øn B D-dp-ºn Iq- -Øn \n- v H- m-wv- X-s - B-i- - hn-fn- p ]-d- -Xv.- D-dp-ºn-s - kw-km-cw kp-sse-am ti- p. A- t±-l-øn-\v Im-cyw a-\- n-em-ip-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. F- m a-\p-jy - v A-km-[y-am-b- Cu- I-gn-hv- A- m-lp- X-\n- v- \ -In-b-Xn-s - t]-cn - A-t-±-lw- A- l- -cn- n-.- - ti-h-ew- H-cp- D-dp-ºn-s - kw-km-c-sø- Im-cy-am-t - -Xn-s - pw A-t±-lw- Nn- n- n-.- G-sXm-cp A-\p-{K-lw e-`n- p-tºm-gpw A-Xv \ - In-b-h-s\ Hm -a-n- -epw- \-μn- Im-Wn- -ep-a-m-wv \- -h-cp-ss e- -Ww. A-Xv A-l- m-c-øn-t\m Zp-c- 31 Pn- p-i-fpw a-e- p-i-fpw A-`u-Xn-I-kr-jv-Sn-I-fm-sW- pw A-h \-Ωn C-S-s]-Sp- p- v F- v hn-iz-kn- p- -Xv in - v B-sW- pw Nn-e hm-zn- p- p- v. "Pn- p-i-sf A- m-lp kp-sse-am \-_n- v- Iogv-s]-Sp-Øn sim-sp-øn-t? A-Xv A-t±-l-Øn-\v- A- mlp \ -In-b ap-av-pn-k-øm-wv.- ap-av-pn-k-øv Im-cy- Im-c-W _- -Øn-\v A- p-d-øp- -Xp-a-m-Wv.- A- t mƒ Pn- p-iƒ Im-cy-Im-c-W _- -Øn-\v A- p-d- Ø-t? A-Xn-\m A-h \-Ωn C-S-s]-Sm I-gnbpw F- v hn-iz-kn- m A-Xv- in - m-wv'- F- m-wv C-h-cp-sS- hym-jym-\w. `n-am-\-øn-t\m \n-an-ø-am- p- -Xv tam-i-s - -h-cp-ss A-S-bm-f-am-Wv. D-dp-ºn-s - kw-km-cw kp-sse-am \-_n- -v a-\- n-em- m km-[n- - Xv A- m-lp X-\n- v \ -In-b A-\p- {K-l-am-sW- v A-t±-l-Øn-\v a-\- n- em-bn. Xp-S - v kp-sse-am A- m-lp-hn-t\m-sv {]m -Y-n- p-i-bm-wv:- ""A-t mƒ A-Xn-s hm- v- ti- v- A-t±-lw \- m-sbm- v- ]p- n-cn- p. F-s c- n-xm-th, F-\n- pw F-s am-xm-]n-xm- -fv- pw \o sn-bv-xv- X- n- p- \n-s A-\p-{K-l-Øn-\v- \- μn-im-wn- p-hm-\pw \o Xr-]v-Xn-s -Sp- k -I -a-w sn-øp-hm-\pw F-\n- v- \o {]-tnm-z-\w \ -ti-w-ta. \n-s Im-cp-Wy-Øm \n-s k-zv-hr-ø-cmb Zm-k- m-cp-ss Iq- -Øn F-s \o Dƒ-s]-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sn-tø-w-ta''- (Izp -B - 27:19). aq- p Im-cy-ßƒ- m-bm-wv- kpsse-am A- m-lp-hn-t\m-sv tx-sp- -Xv. H- v, A- m-lp \ -In-b A-\p- {K-l-ßƒ- v \-μn Im-Wn- m txm- n- n- m -. c- v, A- m-lp-hn-\v Xr- ]v-xn-bp- k -I -a-ßƒ sn-øm txm- n- n- m -. aq- v, k-zv-hr-ø-cmb Zm-k- m-cp-ss Iq-sS kz -K-Øn {]-th-in- n- m.- A- m-lp-hm-wv ap-gp-h A-\p-{Kl-ß-fp-sS-bpw D-S-a-ÿ. A-Xv \-ΩpsS a-\- n-s\ C-S- n-s- v Hm -a-n- n- p- h-n-\-am-wv kq-d-øp ^m-xn-l-

32 D-dp-ºn-s - kw-km-cw kp-sse-am \-_n-u ti- p F- - Xpw D-dp-ºv A-h-sc- p-dn- v- a-\- n-em- n F- -Xpw Izp -B hy- -am- n-b-xm-sw- n-epw Nn-e a-x-bp- n-hm-zn-iƒ- v A-Xv hn-iz-kn- m km-[n- m-ø H- m-wv. A- m-lp-hn-s - h-n-\-ß-fn - ]-e-xn-s\-b-pw t\ - p-t\ - Aw-Ko-I-cn- m a-\- v h-cm-ø C- q- Cu kw-`-h-sø-bpw A-h-cp-sS ]-cn-an-x-am-b _p- n-sim- v Zp -hym-jym-\n- v X- n- -f-bp-i-bm-wv- snøp- -Xv. bn-se "A -lw-zp -en- m-ln- d- n - B-e-ao '- (tem-i-c- n-xm-hm-b A- m-lp-hn-\m-i-p- p k -h-kv-xp-xn-bpw) F- -Xv. tem-i-øp- F- m h-kv-xp- -sf-bpw kr- n- p-i-bpw A-h-bv- v B-h-iy-am-b-Xv \ -In-s -m- n-cn- p- I-bpw- sn-øp- -h-\-m-wv A- m-lp. A- h-t\m-sv- \-μn-im-wn- - A-Sn-a-I-fpsS- _m-[y-x-bm-wv.- A- m-lp-hn-\v C- jv-s-an- m-ø-xv sn-øm-xn-cn- -epw A- m-lp-hn-\v C-jv-S-ap- -Xv- am-{xw- snø-ep-am-wv- b-ym -Y-am-b- \-μn-im-wn-.- A-h - \ -In-b- A-\p-{K-l-ßsf- \- -bn - am-{xw- D-]-tbm-K-s -Sp- Ø - A-h-bp-sS- t]-cn-ep- - \-μn- {]- I-Sn- n- -em-wv.- a-\p-jy-cn - A- m-lp-hn-\v \-μn-im- Wn- p- -h-cn ap -\n-c- m-cm-wv {]- hm-n-i- m. A- m-lp-hn-\v Io-gv-s]-Sp- hn-j-b-øn A-h-tcm-fw D-b-cm a- p- -h - v- I-gn-bn-. B {]-hm-n- I- m-cn H-cm-fm-b kp-sse-am B-Wv A- m-lp-hn-t\m-sv \-μn Im-Wn- m txm- n- n- -tw F- v {]m - Y-n- p- -Xv. "\o Xr-]v-Xn-s -Sp- k -I -aw- snøp-hm-\pw F-\n- v- \o {]-tnm-z-\w \- ev-ti-a-w-ta' F- -X-m-Wv A-Sp-ØtX- w.- A- m-lp-hn-\v Xr-]v-Xn-bp- I -a-ßƒ sn-ø-em-w-t m \-μn-bp- A-Sn-a-I-fp-sS kz-`m-hw. {]-hm-n-i- m B Im-cy-Øn ap -]- n-bn-em-sw- Im-cy-Øn \-ap- v kw-i-b-hp-an-. A- m-lp-hn- \n- p- {]-txy- I-am-b ]m-]-kp-c- n-x-xzw \ -I-s - -h-cm-w-t m A-h. A-Xn-\m X-s Xn- -I-fn-te- v H-cn- -epw h-gp-xn ho-gp- -X- A- h -. A-tXm-sSm- w, A- m-lp-hn-s - {]o-xn I-c-ÿam- p- -Xn-\m-bn- [m-cm-fw k -I -a-ßƒ A-\pjvTn- p- -h-cp-am-wv A-h. F- m-epw A- m-lphn-t\m-sv A-\p-k-c-W Im-Wn- p- -Xn ho-gv-n kw- `-hn- p-tam- F- t]-sn A-h - p- m-bn-cp- p. A- Xv- A-h-sc- Iq-Sp-X - hn-\-bm-ep- -fm- n.- k -I - a-\n-c-x-cm-bn- Po-hn- p-hm - A-h - {i- -]p-e -Øn.- - A-Xn-\m-bn- {]m -Yn- p.- \mw- Nn- n- p-i-;- A- mlp-hn-s - Xr-]v-Xn e-`n- p- Im-cy-Øn \mw F- {X am-{xw B-{K-lw- sh- p-]p-e -Øp- p-sh- v.- aq- m-a-xm-bn A-t±-lw- tx-sp- -Xv- "\n-s Im-cp- Wy-Øm \n-s k-zv-hr-ø-cm-b Zm-k- m-cp-ss Iq- -Øn F-s \o Dƒ-s]-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sn-tø-wta'- F- m-wv. A- m-lp-hn-s - A-Sp- G- -hpw Iq-Sp-X km-ao-]yw A -ln- p- -h-cm-w-t m {]- hm-n-i- -m. A-h kz -Km-h-Im-in-I-fm-sW- - Imcy-Øn - kw-i-b-an-.- F- n- pw kp-sse-am - \- _n- - A- m-lp-hn-t\m-sv {]m -Y-n- p- -Xv t\m- q! a- p- {]-hm-n-i- m-cpw- C-{]-Im-cw- {]m -Yn- n-cp- p- F- v- Izp- -B - \-ap- v- hy- -am- n-ø-cp- p- v.- kp-sse-am \-_n- bp-w ssk-\y-hpw X-ß-fpsS k- m-c-]m-x-bn-eq-ss- h-cp- p-s - v B D-dp- ºp-Iƒ- v a-\- n-em-b-t m. A-t±-l-Øn-s - t]-cv t]m-epw a-\- n-em-bn- p- v- F- m-wv- Izp -B - hy- -am- p- -Xv.- D-dp-ºn-s - kw-km-cw kp-sse-am \-_n- ti- p F- -Xpw D-dp-ºv A-h-sc- p-dn- v- a-\- n-em- n F- -Xpw Izp -B hy- -am- n-b-xm-sw- n-epw Nn-e a-x-bp- n-hm-zn-iƒ- v A-Xv hn-iz-kn- m km-[n- m-ø H- m-wv. A- m-lp-hn-s - h-n-\-ßfn - ]-e-xn-s\-b-pw t\ - p-t\ - Aw-Ko-I-cn- m a-\- v h-cm-ø C- q- Cu kw-`-h-sø-bpw A- h-cp-ss ]-cn-an-x-am-b _p- n-sim- v Zp -hym-jym-\n- v X- n- -f-bp-i-bm-wv- sn-øp- -Xv.- D-dp-ºp-I-ƒ- kw-km-cn- p- F- -Xpw- kp-sse-am \-_n- bp-ss-bpw- ]- m-f-øn-s -bpw h-c-hv A-h- a- \- n-em- n F- -Xpw- D-ƒ-s -m- m C-h - X-ømd.- A-Xn-\m X-s Izp -B-\n-s - hy- -am-b Cu ]-cm-a -i-sø Zp -hym-jym-\w sn-øp-hm - A- h \n -_- -n-x-cm-bn. D-dp-ºn-s - Xm-gv-h-c (hm-zn- w-ev)- F- Izp- -B-\n-se- {]-tbm-k-s-ø A-hn-SpsØ H-cp {]-tz-i-øn-s - t]-cm-bn- A-h - hym-jym- \n- p-i-bm-wv- sn-øp- -Xv.- D-dp-ºv- F- m-wv- ]-d- -Xv- F- v- A- m-lp- hy- -am- n-b-xm-wv.- D-dp-ºv kw-km-cn- p-i, D-dp-ºv Im-cy-ßƒ {K-ln- p-i Xp-S-ßn-b Im-cy-ßƒ C-hcp-sS _p- n- pw- bp- n- pw- Dƒ-sIm- p-hm I- gn-bp- n-.- A-Xn-\m D-dp-ºv kw-km-cn- p F- - 32

$Xn-\v "\w-e-øv tkm-{x- m-cn-bm-b H-cp s]-æv ]-d- p'- F- v C-h - Zp -hym-jym-\n- p. A-Xn-se hn- Uv-Vn-Øw- A-h - Im-Wm-sX- t]m-bn.- tl, D-dp-ºp- I-tf, \n-ßƒ \n-ß-fp-ss ]m - n-s-ß-fn {]-thin- p sim- p-i.$ $- \w-e-øv- tkm-{x- m-cn-bm-b- s]- Æn-s - hm- m-wn-sx- n - F- m-bn-cn- pw- C-Xn-s - B-i-bw?$

33 Xn-\v "\w-e-øv tkm-{x- m-cn-bm-b H-cp s]-æv ]-d- p'- F- v C-h - Zp -hym-jym-\n- p. A-Xn-se hn- Uv-Vn-Øw- A-h - Im-Wm-sX- t]m-bn.- tl, D-dp-ºp- I-tf, \n-ßƒ \n-ß-fp-ss ]m - n-s-ß-fn {]-thin- p sim- p-i. kp-sse-am-\pw A-t±-l-Øn-s - ssk-\y-ß-fpw A-h Hm - m-ø hn-[-øn \nß-sf N-hn- n-tø- p-i-f-bm-xn-cn- -s '- F- m-w-t m- D-dp-ºv- ]-d- -Xv.- \w-e-øv- tkm-{x- m-cn-bm-b- s]- Æn-s - hm- m-wn-sx- n - F- m-bn-cn- pw- C-Xn-s - B-i-bw?- kp-sse-am - \-_n- -bp-ss-bpw- Iq-sS-bp- h-cp-ss-bpw- I-Æn - s]-sm-ø-xn-\m - N-hn- n-b-c- -s -Spw- h-n-[w- sn-dn-b- a- \p-jy-cm-bn-cp- p- \w-e-øv- tkm-{x- msc- v-! _p- n-bp- -h - Nn- n- p-i.- A- m-lp-hn-s - h-n-\-ßƒ- \-_n A-\p-N-c- m - v - Hm-Xn-t -ƒ-]n- -t mƒ A -]w t]m-epw kw-i-b-an- m-sx A- h A-Xv kzo-i-cn- p-i-bpw Dƒ-sIm- p- I-bp-am-Wv - sn-bv -X-Xv. A-Xm-Wv kz -K-w B-{K-ln- p- -h - sn-t-ø- -Xv.- Cu BgvNbnse {][m\ ]cn]msniƒ {]-Im-i Xo-cw h-eo-a ap-l-ω-zv km-zn-jv a-zo-\n Xn ƒ 9:30 PM, _p[ 9:35 AM sse-^v hp-fp kp- -Øm-Ip- k-μ -`-ßƒ ^-Zv-ep l-jv D-a-cn Xn ƒ 10:00 PM C -ssk- v {]-hm-n-i- m-cn-ep- hn-izm-kw k- m-zv _n A- p-d- m-jv snmδ 06:30 AM sse-^v m- v 29 ]m-z-c- -I-fn X-S-h, `m-kw: 2 ^v-z-ep l-jv D-a-cn snmδ Xn ƒ 10:00 PM P-\-t -aw tdmuv kpc m {i nt Imcyßƒ, `mkw: 3 ]utemkv Ip ºpg ({Sm^nIv F.Fkv.sF at cn, Police Assosiation State Joint Secretary) C_v\p Aen FSØ\m pic (]o-kv td-un-tbm {]-Xn-\n-[n) _p[ 9:00 PM sse-^v m- v 29 ]m-z-c- -I-fn X-S-h, `m-kw: 3 ^v-z-ep l-jv D-a-cn, _p[ 10:00 PM lr-z-b h-k- w kq-d: a-b-cn-pv \n-jm-zv k-e-^n hym-gw 07:45 PM ke^n Zpdqkv \_n Xncpta\nsb ] nbp ]T\w, `mkw: 6 A_q_ ke^n hymgw, 09:30 PM i\n, 09:35 AM sse-^v m- v 31 X-b-Ωpw, `m-kw: 1 ^v-z-ep l-jv D-a-cn hym-gw 10:00 PM sse-^v m- v 32 X-b-Ωpw, `m-kw: 2 ^v-z-ep l-jv D-a-cn sh- n 10:00 PM A D-kq A- p am-en-iv k-e-^n i-\n 09:30 PM Xn- ƒ 09:35 AM C-e A-d-_n-ø A-d-_n `m-jm ]T-\w. `m-kw: 20 lp-ssk ]m-e-t m-s Rm-b, 9:30 PM snm-δ, 9:35 AM 33

34 C-_v-\p- A-en F-S-Ø-\m- p-i-c ImgvN sa-en- p-w-ßn-b- i-co-c-hpw- \o- Xm-Sn-bpw ap-sn-bp-am-bn H-cp Bƒ-cq-]w.- I-dp-Øp-sa-en- v- Iq- \n- -q-sn-b H-cp hr- kv-{xo.- km-aq-ly-{]-h -Ø- I-\m-b kp-lr-øv A-t±-lw- ]-d- - I-Y- k-xysa- v -sx-fn-bn- m-\m-bn sam-ss_ -t^m-wn Im-Wn- p X- -Xm-Wv C-h-cp-sS t^m-t m-iƒ.- I-Y-b- ;- bm-ym -Y-y-am-Wv! X-an-gv-\m-Sn-t\m-Sv tn - ÿ-ew.- A-hn-sS G-Xm-\pw Ip-Spw-_-ßƒ- v am-kw-txm-dpw `- -W-hpw a- pw \ -Ip- p- v kp-lr-øpw kw-l-hpw.- A-bm-sf F-t - k- lm-bn- m-ø-xv- F- v- tnm-zn- Ip- n-i-fm-wv B ho-sv Nq- n- m-wn- -Xv.- sn- p-t\m- n-b-t mƒ H- cp hn-ir-x cq-]w.- Im-ep-Iƒ- X-f - n-cn- p- p! kp-lr-øv A-bm-sf sim- p-t]m-bn B-ip-]-{Xnbn-em- n.- hn-z-kv-[ tum-iv-s-dp-ss Nn-In- sim- v \- ]p-tcm-k-xn-bp- m-bn.- Nq-Sp-]n-Sn- n- -c-psx- I -i-\ \n -tz-i-tøm-ss B-bp -th-z Nn- In- \-S-Øm D-]-tZ-in- p.- G-sd- \m-f-sø- Nn-In- - v- ti-jw- A-bmƒ G-Xm- v ]q -h-ÿn- Xn-bn-te- v F-Øn.- ]n- o-sv A-hn-sS F-Øn-b kp-lr-øn-s\ \m- p-im h-f- p.- A-h-cp-sS Aw-Ko-Im-c-an- m-sx F- n-\v A-bm-sf Nn-In- n- p F- m-bn-cp- p A- h-cp-ss tnm-zyw! "H-cp a-\p-jy-po-hn-bm-w-t -m- A- bmƒ- F- \n-e-bv- m-wv Nn-In- n- m- - s-im- p-t]m-b-xv-'- F- - a-dp-]-sn- v "a-\p-jy-\- ;- ar-kam-wv A-h '- F- m-bn-cp- p A-h-cp-sS- a-dp-]-sn! A-bmƒ H-cp tem-dn ss{u-h B-bn-cp- p.- hnhn-[ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn B-gv-N-Iƒ \o- Hm- - Øn-\v ti-jw C-S-bv- v ho- n-se-øpw.- ao,- C-d- n,- ]- - -dn-iƒ,- ]-e-n-c- v km-[-\-ßƒ Xp-Sßn hn-hn-[ km-[-\-ßƒ k-ln-x-am-i-pw ho- n-se- Øp-I.- ]n-s \o- Zn-h-k-ßƒ `- -Ww,- e- l-cn,- D-d- w F- n-h am-{xw.- A-Xn-\n-S-bn - `- n,- {]m -Y-\ F- n-h-sbm-s A-\yw.- `m-cy-bpw a-i-\pw A-bm-fp-sS {]m-b-am-b am- Xm-hp-am-bn-cp- p ho- n Xm-a-kw.- A-Ωm-bn-b-Ωbpw a-cp-a-i-fpw an- -t m-gpw I-e-l-Øn B- bn-cn- pw.- A-bmƒ ho- n-ep- m-bn-cp- H-cp-Zn-hkw t]m-cv I-e-i-em-h-p-I-bpw `m-cy Ip- n-sb Iq- hn-[n-bp-ss- I-\-em- w- n A-h-fp-sS ho- n-te- p t]m-hp-i-bpw sn-bv-xp.- H-cp- Znh-kw- a-zy-tk-h- v- h- w-iq- m m-kv B-h-iy-s - -Xv F-Øm ssh-in-b-xn-\m - A- bmƒ- s]- -Ω-bp-sS- h-b- -n B- p sxm-gn- p.- N-hn-t - hr- sx-dn- p-ho-wp.- A-h-\v P- w-\ - In-b K -`-]m-{xw ]p-d-øp-h- p! tnm-c-bn Ipfn- p-in-s- A-h-sc \m- p-im-cm-wv B-ip-]-{Xn-bnse-Øn- -Xv.- B-gv-N-Iƒ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn I-gn- B kv-{xo-bp-ss K -`-]m-{xw \o- w sn-bv-xp.- Poh Xn-cn- p-in- n-b A-h ho- n-te- v a-s-ßn.- ho-sp- hn- v- tpm-en- v t]m-b a-i A-h-sc Xncn- p t\m- n-b-tx-bn-.- H-cn- - tpm-en- p ti-jw tem-dn-bn \n- v C-d-ßn-b A-bm-fp-sS H-cp Im-en-\v _-ew Ip-d- t]m-se txm- n.- D-u- n-b- c- m-a-sø Im-en-\pw- _-e-an-.- A-bmƒ \n-e-øn-cp- p t]m-bn.- \-S- m ti-jn \- -s - A-bm-sf h- n-bn-em-wv ho- n-se-øn- -Xv.- s]- - Ω-sb sim- m-s m-e sn-bv-x A-bm-sf- Nn-In- n- v t`-z-am- n-b Iq- p-im-c-s\ \m- p-im No- Ø ]-d- n-s - n-te A- p-x-ap- q! I-Y-Xo - n-.- Im-e-p-Iƒ ]q -h-ÿn-xn-bn-embm sxm- -Sp-Ø A-º-e-Øn-se I-\-em- -Øn - ]-s -Sp- m-sa- v A-bmƒ- t\ - sn-bv-xn-cp- ph-s{x.- Im-en Nq-Sv X- n- -cp-sx- tum-œ-dpss I -i-\-\n -tz-iw h-i-h-bv- m-sx A-bmƒ- I- \-em- w t\ - ]q -Øn-bm- n.- A-tXm-sS- ho- pw Im-en-s - ti-jn \- -s - p.- \-S- m h-øm-sx A-bmƒ ho- pw ho- n-se I- n-en H-Xp-ßn- q-sn.- `m-cy Ip- n-i-sf-bpw Iq- n A-h-fp-sS ho- n-te- v am-dn.- h-b- m-b am-xm-hpw A-bm-fpw X-\n- m-bn.- {]m-bm-[n-iyw h-f- Ip-\n- i-co-c-hp-am-bn A-b -ho-sp-i-fn ]-Wn- p-t]m-bn In- p- k- lm-bw sim- m-wv P- w-\ -In-b K -`-]m-{xw H- - -hn- n-\v X-I -Øp I-f- B a-i-s\ C- v s]- -Ω t]m- p- -Xv! Cu I-Y,- A- kw-`-hw hn-iz-kn- m I-gn-bmsX h- -t m-gm-wv kp-lr-øv sam-ss_ -t^m - Kym-e-dn-bn \n- v t^m-t m Im-Wn- p X- -Xv.- hn-izm-kn-iƒ- v ]-e-xpw ]Tn- m-\p- v- Cua-\p-jy-P- -ß-fp-sS- kw-`-h-i-y-bn - \n- v.- 34

KÄ^v aebmfw sszz-hmcni

GULF MALAYALAM BIWEEKLY KÄ^v aebmfw sszz-hmcni Published by P B C PRAVASI BHARATHI BROADCASTING CORPORATION THE INTERNATIONAL INDIAN MEDIA P.B. No. 77914, Two four 54, Media Zone Authority Abu Dhabi, UAE