Environmentally sustainable tourist behaviour in the function of sustainable development
|
|
- Shanon Shields
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Environmentally sustainable tourist behaviour in the function of sustainable development EXPRES 2017 ISBN M. JELAČA STRUGAR a, A. BOLJEVIĆ b, S. BOLJEVIĆ c Department of Management, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Subotica, Segedinski put 9-11, Srbija a m.strugar.jelaca@ef.uns.ac.rs b aboljevic@ef.uns.ac.rs c Rapid tourism growth, along with irrational use of natural resources, leads to negative effects and multiple-growing crisis in the field of applying the principles of sustainable development and especially environmental preservation of tourist destinations. Therefore, within this paper s framework is the focus on future propagation of tourists environmentally responsible behavior in order to minimize the destruction of the environment. The initiative for conducting research in this area stems from the present gap between theoretical activities to be implemented in order to successfully realize this way of tourist behavior and the actual actions being carried out, that are often completely absent or present just on a small scale. Previous theoretical base on this subject had put its emphasis on planning phase of the concept of sustainable tourism development with some slight looking back at its implementation. It should be noted that the topic was dealt with from a macro point of view more than from a point of view of the role of individual participants, where tourists have the most important role as agents of environmental impacts on the tourist destination and are also potential agents of change in the light of benefits of ecologically responsible behavior. As a result of the paper, the proposal of activities to be implemented during all phases of tourists travel organization is pointed out, starting from the analysis and selection of the tourist product to implementation of activities during realization of the selected travel arrangement. Keywords: sustainable development concept, sustainable tourism development, environmentally sustainable behavior 1. Introduction Given that tourism is described as the largest human migration in history, which annually represents 10% of the world's population [1, p. 499], one of the most important issues being raised is the impact of such a large movement of people on the cultural and historical heritage of a tourist destination and the possibility of its long-term preservation. Therefore, it is necessary to observe tourist destination through the prism of sustainable development, in order to analyze strong effects of tourists on all elements of sustainability, namely economic, social and environmental, which can lead to preservation vs erosion of a tourist destination. Emphasis is placed on the ecological side, because previous researches indicate and prove evident negative impact of tourism trends in the ecological sphere [2, 3, 4]. The need for observing this problem with a high degree of seriousness stems from the fact that travel becomes more and more accessible and therefore more common and can be seen as a social norm of modern life. Studies indicate exponential growth in the number of tourists in the future and therefore greater negative environmental effects caused by irrational use of natural resources, environmental pollution and endangering natural heritage. Thus, popular tourist destinations are faced with water shortage, high emissions of carbon dioxide, excessive amounts of garbage, dirty coast and numerous other problems [5]. Research suggests that particular destinations around the tourism industry need to find a sustainable way of doing business in order to achieve stable long-term development of the tourism sector [8]. Mediterranean are already close to the ecological risks that threaten natural environment and population, and finally the entire society [6]. Negative effects of mass tourism developments on environment can be classified as follows [7]: Mechanical effects, such as destruction of vegetation, soil erosion, etc.; Impacts caused by intensive use of surfaces and changing the landscapes; Impacts due to the increase of harmful substances in the air, water and soil due to higher combustion of fuel, vapor emissions and waste; Hindering effects, such as increased noise. In the long run, uncontrolled tourism growth and neither taking into consideration this problem nor resolving it will lead to future decline in tourism demand and hence tourism revenues, which currently record significant foreign exchange effects. Therefore, timely planning tourism s future development and the need for increased environmental awareness of tourists will minimize or completely eliminate potential damage that destroys the environment of tourist destinations crucial for its sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to interpret ecologically responsible tourist behavior and identify instructions for its improvement. However, this is just one link on the path of solving the diagnosed problem, since it is necessary to involve all participants of the tourism industry. All actors in 83
2 2. The concept of sustainable tourism development Application of the principles of sustainability has been lately, and in most cases by a large number of scholars, the topic in the field of tourism that was dealt the most with. However, despite the aforementioned statement there is no generally accepted unique definition of the concept of sustainable tourism development. According to Milenković [9], sustainable development and sustainable tourism can be seen through the balance of production and consumption of environmental elements in all intervals. Thus, the principle of sustainable development, if applied in a controlled tourist activity, involves the development of from economic, social and environmental angle followed by meeting the needs of present tourists along with the preservation and improvement of tourist potential for the future generations of tourists. In order to explain the difference between unsustainable tourism development as a source of accumulated environmental problems of most tourist destinations and the concept of sustainable tourism development, the table 1. lists the main characteristics. Crucial tourism potential that creates tourist offer is nature of tourism activities, which should be protected and intact in order to offer a unique experience and it was a constant generator of income. Since the nature of tourist destinations is characterized by non-renewable natural resources, it is necessary to simultaneously focus on both economic and environmental objectives and their mutual alignment so that each additional night would result in less energy consumption and lower environmental pollution [10]. Tourism potential in the form of natural landscapes of a tourist destination is under direct influence of the largest mass movements of tourists and therefore the most important area for ecological principles. However, current practice has put more emphasis on the application of this principle on a macro level - by the state, in creating tourism development policy; while at the micro level it was applied only by tourist organizations which have drawn up plans for the development of sustainable tourism and the principles on which the same should be based [11] without taking into account tourists as an important category in the process. To date, this issue is being considered theoretically, but in practice the positive effects are often absent. Emphasis is placed on planning how to implement sustainable development of tourism activities, but the proposed actions have still not been transformed into practical realization. Thus, one can say that in most cases actual implementation of previously formulated plans for sustainable tourism development is missing. Therefore, the following practice of all participants in the tourism industry should be minimizing the gap between the proposed theoretical and practical criteria of conduct. Also, little accent has been placed on environmentally responsible tourist behavior, as they are the main stakeholders in tourism movement that produce the actual environmental impact on tourist destinations. There are indications that travel behavior can be improved from the perspective of ecological principles in the use of tourism resources, management of waste which remains at the tourist destination after mass tourist visits and optimizing transport [12, 13]. However, when analyzing this topic, tourists as an interest category are less interested in application of environmentally responsible behavior because it limits them to a smaller number of tourist destinations to visit as well as the use of a smaller range of tourist services during the journey than in case of other participants, such as public authorities and tourism organizations. The above statement is confirmed also by the author Martens and Spaargaren, [14], indicating that tourists response to the required application of environmentally sustainable behavior is still small and does not lead to matching their goals with the goals of tourism for further development. In order to ensure general acceptance of the concept of sustainable tourism development one should apply a holistic approach, which advocates inclusion of direct and indirect participants in the tourism sector at micro and macro level. Previously mentioned speaks in favor of developing initiatives to create partnerships in this area at both national and global levels in order to achieve positive results and multiply their influence as soon as possible. Table 1. Characteristics of sustainable and unsustainable tourist development [15] Characteristics Unsustainable tourist development Sustainable tourist development Emphasizes three key elements of Basic elements Focuses on economic factors of tourism tourism development, such as trends economic, social and ecologic development Speed of development Aggressive and rapid development, which often leads to uncontrolled growth Result time determinants Short-term results Long term results Result type Spatial observation Tourism product Focuses exclusively on quantitative results The emphasis is on the local access to tourism Focus on the price of the tourism product Cautious, slower development based on spatial planning and controlled growth Focus is given to qualitative results, based on the principle of balancing qualitative and quantitative observation Global impact of tourism is gaining in significance Focus on the quality of the tourism product based on the principle of the 84
3 Tourists profile Mass tourists who have no sense of sustainable development and the need to preserve natural sites for future generations true value for money Tourists who are educated and aware of the importance of tourism s sustainable development 3. Environmental dimension of tourist behaviour Environmentally responsible behavior of tourists is considered that "behavior that does not adversely affect the environment or even leads to positive effects globally and locally viewed through tourist destination" [16, p. 31]. In order to promote previously explained behavior, a significant step is recognized in adequate education of tourists and establishment of ethical and eco-system values that determine their behavior. Norms of his behavior, in terms of whether or not to behave environmentally responsible, derive from the system of values adopted by the tourists [17]. Their ecological awareness derives from the existing problems caused by current tourist activities as well as their sense of responsibility that they should affect the reduction of this problem [16]. Tourists who have developed environmental awareness and responsibility aimed at ecologically acceptable behavior belong to the group of so-called "green" or eco-tourists. However, in order to be categorized as a "green" or eco-tourist, it is not enough just to have a correct belief and sense of responsibility - it is a precondition - but in addition, to practically transform ecologically desired norms of behavior into actual behavior. In environmentally responsible behavior of tourists we categorize those tourists who have intentions to act in this way and who conduct such actions during vacation, affecting the environment in a minimized way or even have a positive impact on the environment of the tourist destination. The following table summarizes definitions of various authors who have dealt with the environmental dimension of tourists behavior. In order to implement the analysis of the existence of the above mentioned categories of tourists in practice, empirical research was conducted by the authors Juvan and Dolnicar [16]. The results indicate that 31% of respondents possessed only good intention to behave environmentally responsible, but such behavior was absent; also the same percentage of respondents (31%) stated that they possess pro-environmental values and standards, but still do not behave environmentally responsibly as tourists. Thus, 62% of tourists does not behave environmentally responsibly in practice. The remaining 38% emphasizes application of such behavior in practice, so that 22% of them did not have intention to behave environmentally responsibly, but they still acted this way, while only 15% of tourists identified intention and real environmental responsibility during the trip. It is pointed out that tourists who are environmentally responsible, as shown in paying the registration fee for carbon dioxide, choosing transport which is more environmentally friendly, they were housed in environmentally responsible hotels and used services of providers that operated by the principle of ecological sustainability [16, p. 36]. A small percentage of tourists who identified the desired environmental responsibility can be attributed to mass tourists lower awareness of the importance of it, as well as the result of application of such behavior that leads to narrowing tourist choice onto using only those services that are not inconsistent with ecological principles. On the other hand, research conducted by the author Martin (2001), which deals with the tourists from Great Britain only, showed that majority of about 90% of tourists said it was very important to behave in an environmentally responsible while traveling. However, contrary to these empirical results, authors Goodwin and Francis [18] point out that there is a difference in intent of British tourists and their actual behavior during their visit to a tourist destination, noting that only 32% of tourists from the UK choose package tours which are especially formed for the purpose of minimizing harmful effects of tourism on the environment destination. Number Author Definition Poon (1993) Dolnicar (2004) Swarbrooke & Horner (1999) Table 2. Environmentally responsible tourist [16, p ] A group of new tourists includes those tourists that take into account natural environment and tend to its preservation in a tourist destination. There are three groups of "green tourists": 1) completely "green" tourists are those who do not go on tourist trips because they do not want to destroy the environment of the tourist destination in any way; 2) "Green tourist" is a tourist who does not accept and does not visit hotels that do not point to the importance of preserving the environment from the perspective of tourists; 3) Partially "green tourist" considers environmental issues of tourism activities and strives to minimize negative effects. 3. Dinan & Sargeant (2000) Sustainable tourist is understood to be the one who appreciates the possibilities of visits to certain tourist destinations with respect to 85
4 cultural, social and environmental norms and the uniqueness of a destination. 4. Dolnicar & Matus (2008) 5. Stanford (2008, str. 270) Bergin-Seers & Mair (2009, str. 117) Mehmetoglu (2010) Wehrli and others (2011) Perkins & Brown (2012) "Green tourists" behave environmentally responsible while traveling and during implementation of all activities that are associated with tourism context. Responsible tourists should have the following dimensions: respect, awareness; involvement; excellence and reciprocity. "Green tourist" is interested in behaving environmentally responsibly towards the environment while on vacation. Also, one is ready to pay a higher price in order to be the user of goods and services obtained by environmentally responsible tourist agency. A tourist who advocates the principle of sustainable development and is concerned with the issues of sustainability and economic benefits for the local population of the tourist destination. A tourist who is aware of the importance of tourist destinations sustainable development and when booking a holiday takes into account sustainability factor. The real eco-tourist travels guided by the values of the biosphere, on one s way supports environmental responsibility and avoids the use of resources just for entertainment, while taking into account the impact of that usege on the environment. 4. Proposal for action in implementation of environmentally responsible tourist behavior The impact of tourist behavior on social, economic and ecological system is essential for tourist destination and follows all the stages of tourist travel - from its planning, through selection and realization of the selected packages, as shown in the Figure 1. While planning a tourist travel, tourists choose individual elements of the tourist package tour, such as travel itinerary, or the path to arrive to the selected travel destinations and accommodation capacities. Decisions about the elements mentioned should be based on principles of environmentally responsible behavior, so that the tourists choose: such a product of a tourist agency or a package deal, consisting of a set of tourist services that are in line with the concept of sustainable development of tourism in a chosen tourist destination. This criterion may reduce available tourist offer and narrow the choice. Since the demand for these packages is still not large and massive, they cannot be considered the usual tourist outfit, so agencies often do not have them in mind when forming advertised arrangements, but only order and create those individually, if there are interested tourists. The above situation leads to differentiation and individualization of tourist offer, which carries a higher price; transport by railways, since it has the smallest contribution to the greenhouse effect compared to road and air transport [19], which are, when observing the European Union, the most common choices of tourists. Selection of rail transport reduces the possibility of going to destinations that are not connected by rails, as well as tourist destinations that are spatially very far from the potential tourists place of residence; accommodation in such facilities which have lower consumption of water and energy, the so-called eco-efficient accommodation facilities. The attractiveness to these properties is present with tourists from Denmark, who are even willing to allocate more funds for such accommodation. Most Italian tourists also prefer this type of accommodation, while tourists from Germany are minority here [1, p. 500]. Observing from the perspective of mass tourists who focus on the cost of the service provided, it is unlikely that they will choose such accommodation facilities, which are often offered at a higher price. Also, tourists and their stay at the selected tourist destination must be accompanied by preservation of the welfare of local population and the existing ecosystem, from the point of activity to be performed [1]: natural area should not be over-used, in order to avoid the crowds (skiing in the Alps) activities targeted towards party, that lead to consumption of high amount of energy, such as diving, should be carried out to a lesser extent; use of alcohol should be limited in order not to upset local population and infringe upon their well-being; the differences in culture, social values and religion should not be highlighted, in order to reduce tensions between the tourists and residents. 86
5 Fig. 1. The impact of the choice of tourism product on environment [1, p. 501] 5. Final consideration Placing emphasis on the environmental dimension of tourist trips will allow better control of negative impacts of aggressive growth of mass tourism trends which they have on the environment. Further growth in the tourism activities should be followed by the course of transformation of the traditional economic Trinity, such as profit, power and prestige into elements of sustainable economic Trinity - efficiency, economy and ecology. In order to implement the aforementioned transformation into practice and lead to tangible results, it is necessary to include not only participants of the tourism supply, but also those on the side of tourist demand, it est tourists. Today there is a mismatch between the preferences of modern tourists and their motivation for selecting certain tourism products and services, as well as expectations from them on one hand and environmental principles on the other. Therefore, it is necessary to develop awareness on tourists side of the need for ecologically responsible behavior during tourist visits. However, in addition, it is necessary and direct tourists to form a group of eco-tourists, or so-called green tourists who apply such tourist behavior. Parallel support and implementation of such behavior will lead to positive long-term effects, both in terms of natural resources of tourist destinations and their residents, through minimizing tensions and other social problems. With regard to environmental and social problems accumulated at the most famous and most visited tourist destinations, it is necessary to implement the proposed course of action in a short period of time, which is possible only through radical changes on the demand and supply side. It is necessary to correct common tourist behavior through application of more rigorous criteria and initiatives in favor of ecology preservation (such as introduction of taxes, fees, etc.), as well as the expansion of the tourist offer in terms of a large number of variants of tourist services, along with satisfying principles of economy. In this way, obligation for environmentally responsible behavior will be created for all the tourists, who will be able to find pro-ecological tourist services in accordance with their preferences, expectations and purchase power. References [1] Budeanu A. (2007), Sustainable tourist behaviour a discussion of opportunities for change. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 31, [2] Gössling S. (2002), Global environmental consequences of tourism. Global Environmental Change, 12(4), [3] UNWTO & UNEP (2008): Climate change and tourism: Responding to global challenges. last accessed: Decembre 20, [4] World Wide Fund For Nature (2012). Living Planet Report. Switzerland, WWF. [5] European Commission (2004), Feasibility and Preparatory Study Regarding Multi-stakeholder European Targeted Action Sustainable Tourism and Transport. European Commission, DG Enterprise, Hague. [6] Schmidt H.W. (2002), How Europeans go on holiday, Eurostat. [7] Hahn P. (1989), Analyse des Konflikts umwelt, Tu Berlin, Berlin. [8] Štetić S. (2009), Značaj I uloga turoperatora za razvoj održivog turizma, Zbornik radova naučnog skupa: Savremene tendencije u turizmu, hotelijerstvu i gastronomiji, Novi Sad: Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, PMF. [9] Milenković S. (2009), Monografija: Turizam i ekonomija, Kragujevac: Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Ekonomski fakultet. [10] Daly E. H. (1999), Beyond growth: the economics of sustainable development, Beacon Press. [11] Sharpley R. (2000), Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(1), [12] Upham P. (2001), A comparison of sustainability theory 87
6 with UK and European airports policy and practice. Journal of Environmental Management, 63, [13] Götz K., Loose W., Schmied M., Schubert S. (2002), Mobility Styles in Leisure Time: Reducing the Environmental Impacts of Leisure and Tourism Travel. Öko-Institut e.v, Freiburg. [14] Martens S., Spaargaren G. (2005), The politics of sustainable consumption: the case of the Netherlands. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 1, [15] Krippendorf J. (1999), Reconciling tourist activities with nature conservation, Strasbourg: Council of Europe [16] Juvan E., Dolnicar S. (2016), Measuring environmentally sustainable tourist behavior, Annals of Tourism Research, 59, [17] Stern P. C. (2000), Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), [18] Goodwin H., Francis J. (2003), Ethical and responsible tourism: Consumer trends in UK, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9 (3), [19] European Commission (2003), Basic Orientations for the Sustainability of European Tourism. European Commission, Brussels. 88
Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Economics and Finance 6 ( 2013 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Economics and Finance 6 ( 2013 ) 523 529 International Economic Conference of Sibiu 2013 Post Crisis Economy: Challenges and Opportunities,
More informationGlobal Sustainable Tourism Destinations Criteria
Global Sustainable Tourism Destinations Criteria Draft destination level Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria as proposed after Destinations and International Standards joint working group meeting and follow-up
More informationCHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
The business of the tourism and travel industry is essentially the renting out, for short-term lets, of other people s environments, whether that is a coastline, a city, a mountain range or a rainforest.
More informationResponsible Tourism and the Market Harold Goodwin 2001
Responsible Tourism and the Market Harold Goodwin 2001 In the UK, Tourism Concern, Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) and Tearfund have run a series of campaigns with ethical and responsible tourism i themes.
More informationRequest for a European study on the demand site of sustainable tourism
Request for a European study on the demand site of sustainable tourism EARTH and the undersigned organizations call upon European institutions to launch a study at the European level, which will measure
More informationSTRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT 2020 OF THE CCI SYSTEM IN UKRAINE
STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT 2020 OF THE CCI SYSTEM IN UKRAINE CONTENTS 1. Preconditions of formation of the Strategy of development of the CCI system...4 2. Conceptual grounds of the Strategy...5 3. Mission,
More informationBIOSPHERE LANZAROTE MEMORANDUM POSITIONING AS A SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ENTERPRISE MEMORANDUM FOR LANZAROTE 2017
MEMORANDUM POSITIONING AS A SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ENTERPRISE MEMORANDUM FOR LANZAROTE 2017 Tourism, characterized for its diversification and constant change, is nowadays one of the most influential industries
More informationSustainable Rural Tourism
Sustainable Rural Tourism Tourism: its nature and potential Tourism = multifaceted economic activity + strong social element Definition of tourism by the World Tourism Organisation (WTO): tourism comprises
More informationEVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS ON GREEK TOURISM: PUBLIC
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS ON GREEK TOURISM: PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS AMONG ROMANIANS Ana Maria Tuluc Ph. D Student Academy of Economic Studies Faculty of Economics Bucharest, Romania Abstract:
More informationTHEME D: MONITORING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ECOTOURISM: EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ALL ACTORS
THEME D: MONITORING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ECOTOURISM: EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ALL ACTORS WTO/UNEP Summary of Preparatory Conferences and Discussion Paper for the World Ecotourism Summit, prepared
More informationThe importance of tourism and tourism investments
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 10/ January 2017 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) The importance of tourism and tourism investments BEKË KUQI
More informationWelcome. Sustainable Eco-Tourism in the face of Climate Change. Presented by Jatan Marma
Welcome Sustainable Eco-Tourism in the face of Climate Change Presented by Jatan Marma Definition Sustainable Development: is a process to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability
More informationRESPONSE BY THE NATIONAL AIRLINES COUNCIL OF CANADA (NACC) AND THE AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF CANADA (ATAC)
RESPONSE BY THE NATIONAL AIRLINES COUNCIL OF CANADA (NACC) AND THE AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF CANADA (ATAC) TO THE PROPOSED FEDERAL BENCHMARK AND BACKSTOP FOR CARBON PRICING INTRODUCTION The National
More informationSUSTAINABLE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TOURISM IN THE COASTAL ZONES OF THE BALTIC SEA AREA
CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT OF THE BALTIC SEA AREA HELSINKI COMMISSION - Baltic Marine HELCOM 21/2000 Environment Protection Commission Minutes of the Meeting 21st Meeting Helsinki,
More informationDiscussion on the Influencing Factors of Hainan Rural Tourism Development
2018 4th International Conference on Economics, Management and Humanities Science(ECOMHS 2018) Discussion on the Influencing Factors of Hainan Rural Tourism Development Lv Jieru Hainan College of Foreign
More informationTourism and Wetlands
CONVENTION ON WETLANDS (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) 43 rd Meeting of the Standing Committee Gland, Switzerland, 31 October 4 November 2011 DOC. SC43-27 Tourism and Wetlands Action requested. The Standing Committee
More informationWorking Group of Experts on Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism. Reflections on measuring the sustainability of tourism at the destination scale
Working Group of Experts on Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism Second Meeting, UNWTO Headquarters Madrid, Spain, 24 25 October 2018 Reflections on measuring the sustainability of tourism at the destination
More informationSALVADOR DECLARATION. Adopted in the city of Salvador de Bahia on 16 November 2009 by the XVIII ACI LAC Annual General Regional Assembly
SALVADOR DECLARATION Adopted in the city of Salvador de Bahia on 16 November 2009 by the XVIII ACI LAC Annual General Regional Assembly 1 IN CONSIDERATION: That the Airports Council International for Latin
More informationAirservices Australia Long Term Pricing Agreement. Discussion Paper April Submission by Australia Pacific Airport Corporation (APAC)
Airservices Australia Long Term Pricing Agreement Discussion Paper April 2015 Submission by Australia Pacific Airport Corporation (APAC) Airservices Australia Long Term Pricing Agreement Discussion Paper
More informationThe Austrian Federal Economic Chamber. Representing the Interests of Business
The Austrian Federal Economic Chamber Representing the Interests of Business Basic Organisational Structure of the Chamber The Austrian Chambers of Commerce represent the interests of business, promote
More informationECOTOURISM AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
ECOTOURISM AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OUTLINE Overview of biodiversity and Philippine Biodiversity Concept of Ecotourism and Guiding Principles in Ecotourism Development Ecotourism Planning and Management
More informationRegulating Air Transport: Department for Transport consultation on proposals to update the regulatory framework for aviation
Regulating Air Transport: Department for Transport consultation on proposals to update the regulatory framework for aviation Response from the Aviation Environment Federation 18.3.10 The Aviation Environment
More informationIntroduction to Sustainable Tourism. Runde October
Introduction to Sustainable Tourism Runde October 7 2009 Travel and Tourism Currently the biggest industry in the world Accounts for 11% of world s economy Creates over 8% of all jobs Over 700 million
More informationTOURISM - AS A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
TOURISM - AS A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Borma Afrodita University of Oradea Faculty of Economics Third year PhD candidate at the University of Oradea, under the guidance of Professor Mrs. Alina Bdulescu in
More informationThis study focuses on the following objectives & seeks to find out-
ABSTRACT A study of management of green/environment-friendly practices carried out by two to five star category hotels and resorts in Pune region (period of study 2002 to 2012) The hospitality industry
More informationCAMPER CHARACTERISTICS DIFFER AT PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL CAMPGROUNDS IN NEW ENGLAND
CAMPER CHARACTERISTICS DIFFER AT PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL CAMPGROUNDS IN NEW ENGLAND Ahact. Early findings from a 5-year panel survey of New England campers' changing leisure habits are reported. A significant
More informationWorking Group of Experts on Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism. Reflections on measuring the sustainability of tourism at the destination scale
Working Group of Experts on Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism Second Meeting, UNWTO Headquarters Madrid, Spain, 24-25 October 2018 Reflections on measuring the sustainability of tourism at the destination
More informationTesting whether eco certifications sell tourism services
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Business - Papers Faculty of Business 2014 Testing whether eco certifications sell tourism services Logi Karlsson University of Wollongong, lk976@uowmail.edu.au
More informationSUSTAINABLE TOURISM COMMUNICATION THROUGH POKDARWIS (KELOMPOK SADAR WISATA) IN WEST BANDUNG DISTRICT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COMMUNICATION THROUGH POKDARWIS (KELOMPOK SADAR WISATA) IN WEST BANDUNG DISTRICT Benazir Bona P., Roy Robert R. & Putri Limilia Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia benazir.bona@unpad.ac.id;
More informationTOURISM GOVERNANCE IN SLOVENIA
MINISTRSTVO ZA GOSPODARSTVO REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA TOURISM GOVERNANCE IN SLOVENIA Marjan Hribar, MSc. Director General of Tourism Directorate Ministry of the Economy Chairman of the
More informationThe Challenges for the European Tourism Sustainable
The Challenges for the European Tourism Sustainable Denada Olli Lecturer at Fan S. Noli University, Faculty of Economy, Department of Marketing, Branch Korça, Albania. Doi:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n9p464 Abstract
More informationWhat do local businesses expect from the cruise industry. The experience of the AIC Forum. Olympia, 23 th May 2015
What do local businesses expect from the cruise industry. The experience of the AIC Forum. Olympia, 23 th May 2015 Mr. Andrea Mosconi Business Manager Ancona Chamber of Commerce WHAT IS THE FORUM OF THE
More informationAirport Monopoly and Regulation: Practice and Reform in China Jianwei Huang1, a
2nd International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Education Technology (ICEMEET 2016) Airport Monopoly and Regulation: Practice and Reform in China Jianwei Huang1, a 1 Shanghai University
More informationNATIONAL AIRSPACE POLICY OF NEW ZEALAND
NATIONAL AIRSPACE POLICY OF NEW ZEALAND APRIL 2012 FOREWORD TO NATIONAL AIRSPACE POLICY STATEMENT When the government issued Connecting New Zealand, its policy direction for transport in August 2011, one
More informationby Erika Harms 5/11/10 Presented for CTO 11 th Annual Caribbean Conference, Barbados
by Erika Harms 5/11/10 Presented for CTO 11 th Annual Caribbean Conference, Barbados Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Global GDP is expected to rise from 9.4% (US$5,474 bn) in 2009 to 9.5% (US$10,478
More informationMSc Tourism and Sustainable Development LM562 (Under Review)
MSc Tourism and Sustainable Development LM562 (Under Review) 1. Introduction Understanding the relationships between tourism, environment and development has been one of the major objectives of governments,
More informationEindhoven Airport: Outline & scope position paper I&W, Luchtvaart nota. December 2018
Eindhoven Airport: Outline & scope position paper I&W, Luchtvaart nota December 2018 Content Facts & figures Eindhoven Airport (slide 3, 4, 5) Brainport region and catchment area serve as foundation to
More informationEU actions related to energy efficiency and sustainability in the Tourism sector
EU actions related to energy efficiency and sustainability in the Tourism sector nezeh 2016 International Conference, 20 January 2016, FITUR, Madrid Ilona LELONEK HUSTING European Commission, DG Internal
More informationAnatoliy Mazaraki Tetyana Tkachenko
Anatoliy Mazaraki Tetyana Tkachenko 2 the system of permanent monitoring of situation; study of methodological basis and use the methods of formation of preconditions to reduce the negative factors influence;
More informationResearch on Management of Ecotourism Based on Economic Models
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1563 1567 IACEED2010 Research on Management of Ecotourism Based on Economic Models Yang Jing, Huang Fucai School of management, Xiamen
More informationNATIONAL MINIMUM STANDARD FOR RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
NATIONAL MINIMUM STANDARD FOR RESPONSIBLE TOURISM SUSTAINABLE TOURISM NETWORK SOUTHERN AFRICA 10 MAY 2012 Presentation Outline Background The Need for a National RT Standard NMSRT Development Process NMSRT
More informationBaku, Azerbaijan November th, 2011
Baku, Azerbaijan November 22-25 th, 2011 Overview of the presentation: Structure of the IRTS 2008 Main concepts IRTS 2008: brief presentation of contents of chapters 1-9 Summarizing 2 1 Chapter 1 and Chapter
More informationEuropean Charter for Sustainable and Responsible Tourism
Annex 1. First draft text of the European Charter for Sustainable and Responsible Tourism European Charter for Sustainable and Responsible Tourism I. INTRODUCTION II. OBJECTIVES Working together to make
More information53rd Permanent Committee of the Alpine Convention and the Workshop on Sustainable Tourism in the Alpine Green Economy
53rd Permanent Committee of the Alpine Convention and the Workshop on Sustainable Tourism in the Alpine Green Economy Hosted by Municipality of Cortina in the Council Hall, Corso Italia 33 Cortina d Ampezzo
More informationAssessment of National Tourism Development Strategy -Czech Republic-
Sustainable Tourism Working Group Assessment Criteria for National Tourism Development Strategies, Assessment of National Tourism Development Strategy -Czech Republic- This analysis was prepared based
More informationEducation in Ecolodges in Panama and Costa Rica
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally 2010 ttra International Conference Education in Ecolodges in
More informationConsumer Council for Northern Ireland response to Department for Transport Developing a sustainable framework for UK aviation: Scoping document
Consumer Council for Northern Ireland response to Department for Transport Developing a sustainable framework for UK aviation: Scoping document Introduction The Consumer Council for Northern Ireland (CCNI)
More informationFRAMEWORK FOR THE COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TOURIST PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF BIRD-WATCHING AND MASS TOURISM IN LESVOS ISLAND - GREECE
RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN TOURISM RESEARCH Faro-Portugal, 6-8 October 2005 FRAMEWORK FOR THE COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TOURIST PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF BIRD-WATCHING AND MASS TOURISM IN LESVOS ISLAND - GREECE
More informationCenter for Sustainable Tourism. Division of Research and Graduate Studies East Carolina University
Center for Sustainable Tourism Division of Research and Graduate Studies East Carolina University What seems to be driving sustainable actions in tourism? Rising energy costs Increasing regulatory pressures
More informationUNDERSTANDING TOURISM: BASIC GLOSSARY 1
UNDERSTANDING TOURISM: BASIC GLOSSARY 1 Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people to places outside their usual place of residence pleasure being the usual
More informationEnvironmental Management System for Tourist Accommodations in Amphawa, Samut Songkram,Thailand
Abstract Amphawa is the most popular weekend destination for both domestic and international tourists in Thailand. More than 112 homestays and resorts have been developed along the water resources. This
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Economics and Finance 6 ( 2013 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Economics and Finance 6 ( 2013 ) 542 549 International Economic Conference of Sibiu 2013 Post Crisis Economy: Challenges and Opportunities,
More informationBABIA GÓRA DECLARATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MOUNTAIN AREAS
BABIA GÓRA DECLARATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MOUNTAIN AREAS The participants of the International Workshop for CEE Countries Tourism in Mountain Areas and the Convention on Biological Diversity",
More informationLinkingSEEA & TSA towards a statistical framework for sustainable tourism
LinkingSEEA & TSA towards a statistical framework for sustainable tourism UNCEEA Meeting22 June 2016 UNWTO Statistics and TSA Programme Measuring Sustainable Tourism (MST) UNSD/UNWTO initiated programme
More informationIntroduction To Ecotourism
1 Module # 11 Component # 9 Introduction To Ecotourism Introduction Much is said these days about how lucrative ecotourism could be to a subcontinent unshackled from the political incorrectness of the
More informationAugust Briefing. Why airport expansion is bad for regional economies
August 2005 Briefing Why airport expansion is bad for regional economies 1 Summary The UK runs a massive economic deficit from air travel. Foreign visitors arriving by air spent nearly 11 billion in the
More informationTUI Travel Sustainability Survey 2010
TUI Travel Sustainability Survey 2010 Group Marketing TUI Travel International Consumer Research TUI Travel PLC International Consumer Research 15/03/2010 Page 1 Objectives Create international factbase
More informationTHE IMPACTS OF TOURISM GROWTH ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF A DESTINATION: CASE OF STUDY IN THE DESTINATION OF POGRADEC, ALBANIA
THE IMPACTS OF TOURISM GROWTH ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF A DESTINATION: CASE OF STUDY IN THE DESTINATION OF POGRADEC, ALBANIA Denada OLLI PhD candidate, Department Marketin Turizëm, Faculty of Economic, University
More informationRE: Access Fund Comments on Yosemite National Park Wilderness Stewardship Plan, Preliminary Ideas and Concepts
September 30, 2016 Superintendent Yosemite National Park Attn: Wilderness Stewardship Plan P.O. Box 577 Yosemite, CA 95389 RE: Access Fund Comments on Yosemite National Park Wilderness Stewardship Plan,
More informationSustainable Tourism Strategy for Southern Africa
RETOSA s Sustainable Tourism Strategy for Southern Africa Presentation by: Kwakye Donkor, Marketing and Communications Director At Sustainable Tourism Certification Alliance Africa 2013 2 nd Annual Conference
More informationThessaloniki Chamber of Commerce & Industry TCCI BAROMETER. Palmos Analysis Ltd.
Thessaloniki Chamber of Commerce & Industry TCCI BAROMETER Palmos Analysis Ltd. March 2014 TCCI BAROMETER (Executive Summary) Thessaloniki Chamber of Commerce and Industry (TCCI), consistent to its efforts
More informationL 342/20 Official Journal of the European Union
L 342/20 Official Journal of the European Union 24.12.2005 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2150/2005 of 23 December 2005 laying down common rules for the flexible use of airspace (Text with EEA relevance)
More informationRE: PROPOSED MAXIMUM LEVELS OF AIRPORT CHARGES DRAFT DETERMINATION /COMMISSION PAPER CP6/2001
RE: PROPOSED MAXIMUM LEVELS OF AIRPORT CHARGES DRAFT DETERMINATION /COMMISSION PAPER CP6/2001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bord
More informationPromoting Sustainable Tourism: The economic benefits for Local Government 4 April Presented by Caroline Ungersbock
Promoting Sustainable Tourism: The economic benefits for Local Government 4 April 2017 Presented by Caroline Ungersbock 1 2 Sustainable Tourism UNWTO / UNEP tourism that takes full account of its current
More informationCRUISE ACTIVITY IN BARCELONA. Impact on the Catalan economy and socioeconomic profile of cruise passengers (2014)
CRUISE ACTIVITY IN BARCELONA Impact on the Catalan economy and socioeconomic profile of cruise passengers (2014) 2 CRUISE ACTIVITY IN BARCELONA 2014 Impact on the Catalan economy and socioeconomic profile
More informationEco-Lodges, a Future for Sustainable Tourism in Kenya
Eco-Lodges, a Future for Sustainable Tourism in Kenya Ms Rebecca Cheruon 1 Dr. Rose Burugu 2 Mr. Thomas Bor 3 1. School of Business & HRD, Rongo University College, P.O. Box 103, 40404 Rongo, Kenya 2.
More informationPOVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM IN VIET NAM: A CASE STUDY
POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM IN VIET NAM: A CASE STUDY A paper contributed by the ITC Export-led Poverty Reduction Programme Team (EPRP) POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM
More informationThe Analysis and Countermeasures toward the Inbound Tourist Market of the Silk Road on Land
5th International Education, Economics, Social Science, Arts, Sports and Management Engineering Conference (IEESASM 2017) The Analysis and Countermeasures toward the Inbound Tourist Market of the Silk
More informationInternational Civil Aviation Organization WORLDWIDE AIR TRANSPORT CONFERENCE (ATCONF) SIXTH MEETING. Montréal, 18 to 22 March 2013
International Civil Aviation Organization WORKING PAPER 5/3/13 English only WORLDWIDE AIR TRANSPORT CONFERENCE (ATCONF) SIXTH MEETING Montréal, 18 to 22 March 2013 Agenda Item 2: Examination of key issues
More informationThe results of the National Tourism Development Strategy Assessments
The results of the National Tourism Development Strategy Assessments - 2012 (I) The assessment tool In 2012 the Sustainable Tourism Working Group of the CEEweb for Biodiversity prepared a guidance for
More informationEUROPEAN UNION FEDERATION OF YOUTH HOSTEL ASSOCIATIONS
Recommendations from EUFED for the Youth on the Move Card Background: EUFED, the European Union Federation of Youth Hostel Associations 1, as the voice of 2,75 million European citizens, wants to thank
More informationWeek 2: Is tourism still important in the UK? (AQA 13.3/13.4) Week 5: How can tourism become more sustainable? (AQA 13.7)
The KING S Medium Term Plan Geography Year 10 Learning Cycle 2 Programme Module Overarching Subject Challenging Question Building on prior learning Lines of Enquiry Tourism Where do all the tourists go?
More informationSustainable Tourism for Development
TECHNICAL NOTE THE 11TH UNWTO ASIA/PACIFIC EXECUTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM ON TOURISM POLICY AND STRATEGY Sustainable Tourism for Development Four (4) days: Monday 20th March to Thursday 23rd March, 2017 Port
More informationA blue economy for the sustainable development of the Mediterranean region: tourism and recreational activities
A blue economy for the sustainable development of the Mediterranean region: tourism and recreational activities Alain Dupeyras Head of Tourism, OECD Alain.Dupeyras@oecd.org OECD s integrated approach to
More informationAirport Master Plans
October 2004 (Revised February 2005) Briefing Airport Master Plans The risks and potential pitfalls for local authorities The 2003 Air Transport White Paper (ATWP) asked airport operators to produce or
More informationCAA consultation on its Environmental Programme
CAA consultation on its Environmental Programme Response from the Aviation Environment Federation 15.4.14 The Aviation Environment Federation (AEF) is the principal UK NGO concerned exclusively with the
More informationDefinitions Committee on Tourism and Competitiveness (CTC)
Definitions Committee on Tourism and Competitiveness (CTC) Since its establishment in 2013 as a subsidiary organ of the Executive Council, the Committee on Tourism and Competitiveness (CTC) has focused
More informationComparative Assessments of the Seasonality in "The Total Number of Overnight Stays" in Romania, Bulgaria and the European Union
Comparative Assessments of the Seasonality in "The Total Number of Overnight Stays" in Romania, Bulgaria and the European Union Jugănaru Ion Dănuț Aivaz Kamer Ainur Jugănaru Mariana Ovidius University
More informationThe Economic Benefits of Agritourism in Missouri Farms
The Economic Benefits of Agritourism in Missouri Farms Presented to: Missouri Department of Agriculture Prepared by: Carla Barbieri, Ph.D. Christine Tew, M.S. September 2010 University of Missouri Department
More informationCase Study 2. Low-Cost Carriers
Case Study 2 Low-Cost Carriers Introduction Low cost carriers are one of the most significant developments in air transport in recent years. With their innovative business model they have reduced both
More informationSTATEMENT OF PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT
Strategic planning and the development of Vladivostok city local economic policy Andrey Velichko (Far Eastern State University, Vladivostok city, Russia) the presenter Alexandr Abramov, Yuriy Avdeev, Denis
More informationManagement of Tourism Development in Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites in Cambodia. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran October 2014
Symposium Mainstreaming Sector Policies into Integrated National Sustainable Development Planning: Enhancing Sustainable Tourism, Urbanization, Resource Efficiency, Biodiversity and Environmental Protection
More informationThe Ecotourism Development in Guizhou. Xiao Wang 1,a
2nd International Conference on Economy, Management and Education Technology (ICEMET 2016) The Ecotourism Development in Guizhou Xiao Wang 1,a 1 The Chinese University of Hong Kong a chloe wong@hotmail.com
More informationMAXIMUM LEVELS OF AVIATION TERMINAL SERVICE CHARGES that may be imposed by the Irish Aviation Authority ISSUE PAPER CP3/2010 COMMENTS OF AER LINGUS
MAXIMUM LEVELS OF AVIATION TERMINAL SERVICE CHARGES that may be imposed by the Irish Aviation Authority ISSUE PAPER CP3/2010 COMMENTS OF AER LINGUS 1. Introduction A safe, reliable and efficient terminal
More informationSilvia Giulietti ETIS Conference Brussels An EEA reporting mechanism on tourism and environment and ETIS
Silvia Giulietti ETIS Conference Brussels 28.01.2016 An EEA reporting mechanism on tourism and environment and ETIS Main content Why tourism and environment? Why a reporting mechanism on tourism and environment
More informationChapter 2 The Travel and Tourism Industry
Chapter 2 The Travel and Tourism Industry Introduction to the World of Hospitality After reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to: Define tourism List and explain reasons why people travel
More information2013 Exam Study Guide
2013 Exam Study Guide As described in your syllabus, this test will consist of forty five equally weighted multiple choice and short answer questions. The following pages should be viewed as a guide from
More informationSustainable Trail Management, Definitions and a Management Model
Siegrist, D., Clivaz, C., Hunziker, M. & Iten, S. (eds.) (2006). Exploring the Nature of Management. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational
More informationAn Econometric Study of Flight Delay Causes at O Hare International Airport Nathan Daniel Boettcher, Dr. Don Thompson*
An Econometric Study of Flight Delay Causes at O Hare International Airport Nathan Daniel Boettcher, Dr. Don Thompson* Abstract This study examined the relationship between sources of delay and the level
More informationCRITICAL FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIRPORT CITIES. Mauro Peneda, Prof. Rosário Macário AIRDEV Seminar IST, 20 October 2011
CRITICAL FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIRPORT CITIES Mauro Peneda, Prof. Rosário Macário AIRDEV Seminar IST, 20 October 2011 Introduction Airports are becoming new dynamic centres of economic activity.
More informationMeasuring Sustainable Tourism. Sustainable Development and Circular Economy Papeete, French Polynesia November 2017
Measuring Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Development and Circular Economy Papeete, French Polynesia 20-21 November 2017 Creating Trust Through Evidence Clear Evidence about the positive and negative impacts
More informationOfficial Journal of the European Union L 337/43
22.12.2005 Official Journal of the European Union L 337/43 PROTOCOL on the implementation of the Alpine Convention of 1991 in the field of tourism Tourism Protocol Preamble THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY,
More informationTourism. Trends*Importance*Effects*Eco-Tourism
Tourism Trends*Importance*Effects*Eco-Tourism What is tourism? Tourism is the business of providing tours and services for tourists. Tourism is a service industry (tertiary) Growth in Tourism There are
More informationSection 1 Introduction to Sustainable Tourism
Section 1 Introduction to Sustainable Tourism What is Sustainable Tourism? In defining Sustainable Tourism it is useful to start with an understanding of sustainable development. A term popularised following
More informationClimate Change and. Airport Regions
Climate Change and Airport Regions Climate Change and Airport Regions Airport regions welcome aviation if it can be developed with a sustainable profile. With the integration of regional economies in
More informationMobility and transport
Mobility and transport Introduction to the Strategy game Transalpin Permanent Secretariat of the Alpine Convention Content The Alps an abstract idea? Our common activities The Alpine Convention Implementation
More informationLEBANON: A DIVERSE ECOTOURISM DESTINATION IN THE EAST-MEDITERRANEAN. Prepared by: Dr. Jacques Samoury NGER National Expert
National Stakeholder Workshop on Ecotourism 6-7 March 2018, Beirut LEBANON: A DIVERSE ECOTOURISM DESTINATION IN THE EAST-MEDITERRANEAN Prepared by: Dr. Jacques Samoury NGER National Expert Lebanon s Tourism
More informationTourist Traffic in the City of Rijeka For the Period Between 2004 and 2014
Tourist Traffic in the City of Rijeka For the Period Between 2004 and 2014 Rijeka, February 2015. Table of Contents Pg No. 1. Introduction 3 2. Physical indicators on an annual level 4 2.1. Structure and
More informationA carbon offsetting and reduction scheme for international aviation
Regulatory Impact Statement A carbon offsetting and reduction scheme for international aviation Agency Disclosure Statement The Ministry of Transport (the Ministry) has prepared this Regulatory Impact
More informationVera Zelenović. University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia. Dragan Lukač. Regional Chamber of Commerce Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Journal of US-China Public Administration, April 2015, Vol. 12, No. 4, 314-324 doi: 10.17265/1548-6591/2015.04.007 D DAVID PUBLISHING The Effectiveness of SMEs Business Sector in AP Vojvodina Vera Zelenović
More information