How Rail, Terminal Design and Aeronautics All Combine Together: A Real Life Case Study

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Morris Jones
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1 How Rail, Terminal Design and Aeronautics All Combine Together: A Real Life Case Study A Presentation to the The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics by Matthew A. Coogan Principal Investigator, ACRP Report 118

2 Integrating Aviation and Passenger Rail Planning follows from

3 How does rail affect aviation? Air is impacted by rail in three ways From diversion of trips from air From metropolitan rail access to airports From long distance rail access to airports Establishing a sense of scale for each?%?%?%

4 2 1.8 Six million rail riders have been diverted from air Graph in millions of annual rail riders Madrid- Barcelona Paris- Marseille Paris - Strasbourg London- Manchester Paris - London Madrid Seville- Malaga Madrid Seville Paris-Lyon

5 Europe and NEC Rail Share of Air+Rail 100% European and USA/NEC Mode Share Comparison Both for O-D Markets Only 90% 80% Phil --Washington Mode share 90% Rail as Share of Rail+Air Market 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% London to Manchester Mode share 80% 0% In-vehicle Rail Travel Times, in Minutes

6 Europe and NEC Rail Share of Air+Rail 100% European and USA/NEC Mode Share Comparison Both for O-D Markets Only 90% 80% Boston to NYC Mode share 55% Rail as Share of Rail+Air Market 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Madrid to Barcelona Mode share 53% 0% In-vehicle Rail Travel Times, in Minutes

7 Conclusion for Rail in the competitive mode Amtrak/NEC rates of rail substitution are directly parallel to those of Europe When Americans are offered high quality rail, they choose it over air just like the Europeans.

8 Rail Complementarity: Scales of impact of air/rail intermodality? From metropolitan access to airports? From long distance access to airports???%??%

9 How Many People Use Rail to European Airports? million annual rail trips from 18 airports 75% of them from metro origin 25% from longer distance origins In millions of rail passengers

10 How Many Passenger Kilometers to Rail? 6.3 billion kilometers of travel to the 18 airports 30% from metro passengers 70% from longer distance passengers 1,400 1,200 1,000 Long Distance Short In millions of person km

11 Passenger kilometers of travel by rail in the three categories of air/rail interaction Long distance feeder 4.4 billion Local feeder 1.9 billion Diverted from air 2.4 billion 70% of Calculated Impact Comes from the Complementary Mode

12 Interaction between Air and Rail Rail services play a vital role in making aviation systems work Next, a case study in how planning for rail is a part of airport planning, which also includes Terminal configuration Runway design Noise contours resulting from changed configurations Policy decisions based on environmental impacts

13 Heathrow as a Case Study in Interdisciplinary Design How Heathrow s design evolved Without much consideration from rail planners How rail and air planners at Heathrow resolved a major design issue Terminal Four is in the wrong place Heathrow adopted the Toast Rack solution With this, they won the support of the Davies Commission But, what is left to do?

14 Gatwick By 1958, rail planners had found a concept The airport was designed to make rail work.

Heathrow Airport Design -- 1948 Heathrow layout began a decade

15 Heathrow Airport Design Heathrow layout began a decade before that of Gatwick And a sewage plant was in the way then..

16 1986 Sewage Plant in 1980s planning Heathrow s master plan assumed that Terminal 4 would be the final terminal Terminal 4

17 The Next Master Plan prosed a challenge for the rail planners. Heathrow Planning: the 1990s

18 Heathrow Planning: 2000 and beyond The Heathrow rail plan became ambitious

19 Heathrow Planning: 2000 and beyond Effective rail capacity to west and south was inconsistent with going to Terminal Four

20 February, 2014 Time to bring the Design Issue to Resolution Conclusions: from Coogan s Waterfront Presentation Three major runway options are on the table Each should be examined for its role in a regional environmental strategy for ground access Lessons can be learned from the international experience to bring these about

21 Air/Rail Terminal Air/Rail Terminal

22 Our Revised Terminal Concept Check-in Terminal for Parking, Rental and Drop-off Air/Rail Terminal Air/Rail Terminal

23 A new vison of airport layout.. Our Three Terminal Concept Heathrow Car Check-in Terminal West Air Terminal No Unauthorized Vehicles in the High Security Air Concourse Area East Air Terminal

24 At Terminal 2, valuable terminal land is underused for parking garages and surface roads

25 At Terminal 2, valuable terminal land is underused for parking garages and surface roads

26 At Terminal 2, valuable terminal land is underused for parking garages and surface roads

27 With no autos allowed, the land can be used to bring aircraft gates as close as possible to the rail services

28 Near Terminal 5, roadways make an important parcel unusable for needed airside concourses

29 With no roadway access, land can be used to bring gates closer to rail terminals..

30 In Summary.. Best connections for rail and bus users Eliminate unintended preference for pickup +drop off Facilitate any congestion pricing policy chosen Public mode share can rise above 50% Check-in Terminal for Parking, Rental and Drop-off West Air Terminal East Air Terminal

31 An Example of a Two Gateway Concept Direct ramps serve The Northern Car Intercept location Several local roads serve The Southern Car Intercept location All lines on this diagram are conceptual, and may not reflect actual alignments

32 For years, planners have been working to move landing activity toward the west. This one is from the Economist Magazine

33 This concept was refined by Heathrow Airport Limited, and submitted to the Davies Commission

34 The Northwest Runway was recommended by the Davies Commission

35 The UK Government (CAA) is concerned about overall costs of the project

37 What do we know about the environmental implications of a shorter NW runway?

38 What might a shorter runway operation look like?

39 What might a shorter runway operation look like?

40 Questions for the consultation process: Can the noise contours be improved with a shorter NW runway?

41 Questions for the consultation process: Can the noise contours be improved with a shorter NW runway?

42 Questions for the consultation process: Can the noise contours be improved with a shorter NW runway?

43 Long NW Runway, all planes Existing Southern Runway Threshold 65 db 65 db

44 Short NW Runway, small planes only (Orange County contours) Existing Southern Runway Threshold 65 db 65 db

45 Existing Southern Runway Threshold 60 db zone 65

46 Are there strategies to minimize noise from Southern runway? 60 dblzone?

47 Are there strategies to minimize noise from Southern runway? 60 db zone?

48 What do we need now? We need new and improved tools to measure and monitor the noise implications of our public policy decisions 60 db zone?

49 Thanks, to everyone at AIAA who made this conference possible! All lines on this diagram are conceptual, and may not reflect actual alignments

Table of Contents. Master Plan March 2014 TOC i Spokane International Airport

Table of Contents. Master Plan March 2014 TOC i Spokane International Airport Table of Contents Page Chapter 1 Inventory 1. Introduction... 1 1 1.1 Community Profile... 1 2 1.1.1 Location and Setting... 1 1 1.1.2 Climate... 1 2 1.1.3 Socioeconomic Conditions... 1 5 1.1.4 Area Land