SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE BLACK POPULATION BY PEEL NEIGHBOURHOODS, 2006

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1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE BLACK POPULATION BY PEEL NEIGHBOURHOODS, 2006 F.A.C.E.S. of Peel Collaborative January 2015 Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel

2 Table of Contents ABSTRACT... 1 INTRODUCTION... 3 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION... 6 A. Education... 6 B. Employment... 8 C. Income D. A Comparative Perspective of Peel Neighbourhoods With Respect to the Socio-Economic Status of Their Black Population E. The Relationship Between the Size of the Black Population in a Neighbourhood and the Socio- Economic Characteristics of the Black Population.15 CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES Appendix 1. Technical Notes Appendix 2. Definitions Appendix 3. Fact Sheet for the Black Population in Peel Region Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel

3 ABSTRACT Many studies on how to improve the quality of life of citizens recommend focusing public policy and social programs on where people actually live: local neighbourhoods. This paper provides a preliminary comparative analysis of the socio-economic status of the Black population across neighbourhoods in Peel Region. Thirty-one (31) neighbourhoods in Peel are included in this study. The focus of analysis is on three areas of socio-economic status: education, employment, and income. A total of twelve (12) social indicators related to these three areas of socio-economic status are chosen for analysis. The taxonomic method is used to measure and analyze variations among the neighbourhoods with respect to the socio-economic status of Blacks in Peel. The findings of this research reveal many differences among Blacks in Peel both within and among neighbourhoods, with the neighbourhood of Urban Caledon (L7C) having the highest percentage of Blacks of high socio-economic status, and that of East Brampton (L6T) having the highest percentage of Blacks of low socio-economic status. The findings of this study can be used to inform the development of public policy and the provision of services for the Black community. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 1

4 Socio-Economic Status of the Black Population by Peel Neighbourhoods, 2006 Figure 1. Map of Peel Neighborhoods Caledon Brampton Mississauga Source: The Social Planning Council of Peel Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 2

5 Background INTRODUCTION Peel has a greater proportion of Black people within its population than Ontario or Canada. Blacks comprise 9.0% of the total Peel population, 4.3% of the Ontario population, and only 2.9% of the Canadian population. Furthermore, the Black population in Peel is growing at a faster rate than the Peel population as a whole. Between 2006 and 2011, Peel s total population grew from 1,154,070 to 1,289,015 representing a growth rate of 11.6%. However, Peel s Black population exceeded that growth rate, increasing from 95,565 in 2006 to 116,265 by 2011 (a growth rate of 21.6%). Purpose This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the socio-economic status of the Black population in 31 different neighbourhoods in Peel Region. The purpose of the analysis is to identify differences in the socio-economic status of Blacks within and across these neighbourhoods. This information can be used by public policy makers and service providers in their decision-making about how to address these differences. For more information on the individual neighbourhoods and related fact sheets, please see the report A Socio-Economic Profile of the Black Population in Peel, 2006 & For an overview of socioeconomic indicators pertaining to Peel s Black Population as a whole, please see Appendix 3. Methodology Thirty-one (31) neighbourhoods in Peel are included in this study. 1 The focus of analysis is on three areas of socio-economic status: education, employment, and income. A total of twelve (12) social indicators related to these three areas of socio-economic status are chosen for analysis. (See Table 2.) The taxonomic method is used to measure and analyze variations among the neighbourhoods with respect to the socio-economic status of Blacks in neighbourhood. The data used for analysis in this report was obtained from Statistics Canada s 2006 Census of Canada, Special Custom Tabulation. All Black population figures are for residents in private households. Limitations This is a preliminary and exploratory study of the Black population of Peel at the neighbourhood level. The availability of specific socio-economic data on Black people from the 2011 Census is very limited. Hence, the decision was made to use the comprehensive data on Blacks available in the 2006 Census of Canada. Due to the age of the latter data, it must be used with caution. Indicators pertaining to health and crime for the Black population in Peel were not available, though these areas likely contribute to variations in socio-economic status. Data on the areas covered by postal codes L7K, L0G, L0J, L0N, and L0P are not included in this report (due to geographic boundary complexities, overlap with other Regions, etc.). This report does not provide a comparison of the socio-economic status of neighbourhoods with the services they currently available in those neighbourhoods. 1 The 31 neighbourhoods were selected based on the Forward Sortation Areas (FSAs) used by Statistics Canada Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 3

6 Table 1. Size of the Black Population: Peel Neighbourhoods, 2006 Geographical Area Description Population # Canada 780,670 Ontario 471,780 Peel 95,490 Mississauga 41,335 L4T Malton 6,095 L4W Matheson /East Rathwood 835 L4X East Applewood/East Dixie/Northeast Lakeview 860 L4Y West Applewood/West Dixie/ Northwest Lakeview 925 L4Z West Rathwood/East Hurontario/Southeast Gateway 2,180 L5A Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville 2,760 L5B West Cooksville/Fairview/City Centre/East Creditview 2,395 L5C West Creditview /Mavis/ Erindale 1,825 L5E Central Lakeview 420 L5G Southwest Lakeview /Mineola/ East Port Credit 675 L5H West Port Credit/Lorne Park/ East Sheridan 450 L5J Clarkson/Southdown 1,460 L5K West Sheridan 645 L5L Erin Mills/Western Business Park 3,505 L5M Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South Streetsville 4,200 L5N Lisgar/Meadowvale 5,640 L5R West Hurontario/Southwest Gateway 2,150 L5V East Credit 3,110 L5W Meadowvale Village / West Gateway 1,200 Brampton 53,295 L6P North Brampton (Gore) 3,805 L6R Northwest Brampton 7,025 L6S North Central Brampton 4,390 L6T East Brampton 4,090 L6V Central Brampton 4,745 L6W Southeast Brampton 1,690 L6X Southwest Brampton 6,850 L6Y South Brampton 7,140 L6Z West Central Brampton 3,190 L7A West Brampton 10,350 Caledon 860 L7C Urban Caledon 405 L7E Bolton 340 Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, Special Custom Tabulation, 2006 Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 4

7 Selected Indicators A total of 12 social indicators of three socio-economic aspects of the Black population were selected. The three socio-economic areas are: education, employment, and income. The twelve social indicators related to these three areas are listed in Table 2 below. The data on the social indicators were collected from Statistics Canada s 2006 Census and is intended to provide insights about the socio-economic characteristics of Peel s Black population in the different neighbourhoods of Peel. Table 2. Social Indicators Selected for Analysis Socio-Economic Area of Achievement (Quality of Social Indicators Life Issue) Education (3 indicators) 1. No certificate, diploma or degree (%), University certificate, diploma or degree (%), Post-secondary certificate, diploma or degree obtained Inside Canada (%), 2006* Employment (6 indicators) 4. Unemployment rate (%), Self-employed (%), 2006** 6. Management occupations (%), Business, finance and administrative occupations (%), Health occupations (%), Sales and service occupations (%), 2006 Income (3 Indicators) 10. Economic Families -Prevalence of low income (before tax) in 2005 (%) 11. Median employment income in 2005 ($) 12. Home Ownership [Owned] (%), 2006 * Post-secondary certificate, diploma or degree obtained Inside Canada was calculated as a percentage of those age 15+ with a post-secondary certificate, diploma or degree. ** The variable Self-employed was calculated as a percentage of all classes of worker age 15+ who worked since January 1, Note: For more information on the denominators (population) of which the above indicators are expressed as a percentage of, please see Appendix 1D. Out of the twelve (12) indicators, three indicators (1, 4 & 10) are assumed to be negative or deterrents for good socio-economic status, and other nine indicators are assumed to be positive or promoters for socioeconomic status. Please see Appendix 2 for definitions pertaining to these indicators. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 5

8 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Socio-Economic Status by Peel Neighbourhoods Problems emerge when we try to compare two or more neighbourhoods on the basis of socio-economic status. It is possible that one neighbourhood is superior in one dimension and another neighbourhood is superior in another dimension. The primary emphasis should be to make intra and inter-neighbourhood comparisons to help plan for the reduction of imbalances in socio-economic status within the Black population in Peel. Wide variations among the indicators of socio-economic status in the neighbourhoods were observed (see Table 3, 4 & 5 for all figures). These variations are discussed under the broader categories of education, employment and income. A. Education (Table 3) At the neighbourhood level, Bolton (L7E) had the highest proportion of its Black population with no certificate, diploma or degree (28.0%) followed by West Creditview/Mavis/Erindale (L5C) with 25.4% and Malton (L4T) with 24.1%. The neighbourhoods with the lowest percentage of the Black population with no certificate, diploma or degree were Urban Caledon (L7C) with 8.7%, Central Lakeview (L5E) with 11.3%, and Meadowvale Village/West Gateway (L5W) with 12.5%. Urban Caledon (L7C) also had the highest proportion of university graduates within its Black population (27.5%), followed by Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South Streetsville (L5M) with 21.5%, and Bolton (L7E) with 20.0%. Malton (L4T) had the lowest proportion of university graduates within its Black population (5.7%), followed by Southeast Brampton (L6W) with 6.6% and East Brampton (L6T) with 7.6%. Of Blacks with a post-secondary certificate, diploma or degree, Urban Caledon (L7C) had the greatest proportion who received it within Canada (95.5%), while West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan (L5H) had the lowest with 63.9%. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 6

9 Table 3. The Black Population by Educational Indicators: Peel Neighbourhoods, 2006 FSA Description No University certificate, certificate, diploma or diploma or degree degree (%) (%) Post-secondary certificate, diploma, or degree obtained Inside Canada (%) L4T Malton L4W Matheson/East Rathwood L4X East Applewood/East Dixie/Northeast Lakeview L4Y West Applewood/West Dixie/Northwest Lakeview L4Z West Rathwood/East Hurontario/Southeast Gateway L5A Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville L5B West Cooksville/Fairview/City Centre/ East Creditview L5C West Creditview/Mavis/Erindale L5E Central Lakeview L5G Southwest Lakeview/Mineola/East Port Credit L5H West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan L5J Clarkson/Southdown L5K West Sheridan L5L Erin Mills/Western Business Park L5M Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South Streetsville L5N Lisgar/Meadowvale L5R West Hurontario/Southwest Gateway L5V East Credit L5W Meadowvale Village/West Gateway L6P North Brampton (Gore) L6R Northwest Brampton L6S North Central Brampton L6T East Brampton L6V Central Brampton L6W Southeast Brampton L6X Southwest Brampton L6Y South Brampton L6Z West Central Brampton L7A West Brampton L7C Urban Caledon L7E Bolton Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, Special Custom Tabulation, 2006 Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 7

10 B. Employment (Table 4) The highest unemployment rate amongst the Black population was in West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan (L5H) with 15.7% unemployed, while the lowest was in Urban Caledon (L7C) with 3.4% unemployed. West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan (L5H) had the highest proportion of Black people who were self-employed (14.9%), while Matheson/East Rathwood (L4W) had the lowest (0%). Urban Caledon (L7C) had the greatest proportion of its Black community with management occupations (15.5%) while Central Lakeview (L5E) had the lowest with 0%. The highest proportion of Blacks with business, finance and administrative occupations was in Central Lakeview (L5E) with 34.1%, while Bolton (L7E) had the lowest with 16.7%. The proportion of the Black population employed in health occupations was highest in West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan (L5H) with 14.9%, and lowest in Bolton (L7E) with 0%. West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan (L5H) had the greatest percentage of its Black population (38.3%) in sales and service occupations, while Southwest Brampton (L6X) had the lowest with 17.8%. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 8

11 Table 4. The Black Population by Employment Indicators: Peel Neighbourhoods, 2006 FSA Description Unemployment rate (%) Selfemployed (%) Management occupations (%) Business, finance and administrative occupations (%) Health occupations (%) Sales and service occupations (%) L4T Malton L4W Matheson/East Rathwood L4X East Applewood/East Dixie/Northeast Lakeview L4Y West Applewood/West Dixie/Northwest Lakeview L4Z West Rathwood/East Hurontario/Southeast Gateway L5A Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville L5B West Cooksville/Fairview/City Centre/ East Creditview L5C West Creditview/Mavis/Erindale L5E Central Lakeview L5G Southwest Lakeview/Mineola/East Port Credit L5H West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan L5J Clarkson/Southdown L5K West Sheridan L5L Erin Mills/Western Business Park L5M Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South Streetsville L5N Lisgar/Meadowvale L5R West Hurontario/Southwest Gateway L5V East Credit L5W Meadowvale Village/West Gateway L6P North Brampton (Gore) L6R Northwest Brampton L6S North Central Brampton L6T East Brampton L6V Central Brampton L6W Southeast Brampton L6X Southwest Brampton L6Y South Brampton L6Z West Central Brampton L7A West Brampton L7C Urban Caledon L7E Bolton Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, Special Custom Tabulation, 2006 Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 9

12 C. Income (Table 5) Central Lakeview (L5E) had the highest percentage of Black families living on low incomes (46.6%) while Urban Caledon (L7C) had the lowest percentage (3.8%). The neighbourhoods with the three highest percentages of Black families living on low incomes were: Central Lakeview (L5E), 46.6%; Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville (L5A), 30.4%; and West Applewood/West Dixie/Northwest Lakeview (L4Y), 30.3%. The neighbourhoods with the three lowest median employment incomes for Blacks were: Southwest Lakeview/Mineola/East Port Credit (L5G), $19,884; Southeast Brampton (L6W), $22,758; and East Brampton (L6T), $23,345. The neighbourhoods with the three highest median employment incomes amongst the Black population were: Bolton (L7E) with $43,609; Urban Caledon (L7C) with $40,555; and Meadowvale Village/West Gateway (L5W) with $39,961. The highest rate of home ownership was in Urban Caledon (L7C) with 100%. This was followed by Northwest Brampton (L6R) and West Brampton (L7A) Brampton with 96.1% and 95.4% respectively. Home ownership amongst the Black population was lowest in East Applewood/East Dixie/Northeast Lakeview (L4X) with 27.9%, followed by Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville (L5A) with 35.5%, and Southwest Lakeview/Mineola/East Port Credit (L5G) with 36.6%. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 10

13 Table 5. The Black Population by Economic Indicators: Peel Neighbourhoods, 2006 FSA Description Ec. Families -Prevalence of low income (before tax) in 2005 % Median employment income in 2005 $ Owned Dwellings % L4T Malton , L4W Matheson/East Rathwood , L4X East Applewood/East Dixie/Northeast Lakeview , L4Y West Applewood/West Dixie/Northwest Lakeview , L4Z West Rathwood/East Hurontario/Southeast Gateway , L5A Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville , L5B West Cooksville/Fairview/City Centre/ East Creditview , L5C West Creditview/Mavis/Erindale , L5E Central Lakeview , L5G Southwest Lakeview/Mineola/East Port Credit , L5H West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan , L5J Clarkson/Southdown , L5K West Sheridan , L5L Erin Mills/Western Business Park , L5M Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South Streetsville , L5N Lisgar/Meadowvale , L5R West Hurontario/Southwest Gateway , L5V East Credit , L5W Meadowvale Village/West Gateway , L6P North Brampton (Gore) , L6R Northwest Brampton , L6S North Central Brampton , L6T East Brampton , L6V Central Brampton , L6W Southeast Brampton , L6X Southwest Brampton , L6Y South Brampton , L6Z West Central Brampton , L7A West Brampton , L7C Urban Caledon , L7E Bolton , Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, Special Custom Tabulation, 2006 Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 11

14 D. A Comparative Perspective of Peel Neighbourhoods With Respect to the Socio-Economic Status of Their Black Population (Table 6) Table 6 shows the socio-economic index of the Black Population for each of the 31 Peel neighbourhoods. The higher the value of the socio-economic index (SEI), the lower the level of socioeconomic status (SES). Using the SEI, it is possible to understand the socio-economic status of the Black population in Peel neighbourhoods in the following way: Peel Neighbourhoods with High Socio-Economic Status of the Black Population: Urban Caledon (L7C), Meadowvale Village/West Gateway (L5W), Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South Streetsville (L5M), West Sheridan (L5K), Lisgar/Meadowvale (L5N) and West Central Brampton (L6Z). Peel Neighbourhoods with Medium Socio-Economic Status of the Black Population: West Brampton (L7A) Central Brampton (L6V) East Credit (L5V) North Brampton (Gore) (L6P) North Central Brampton (L6S) Southwest Brampton (L6X) Northwest Brampton (L6R) South Brampton (L6Y) Clarkson/Southdown (L5J) Bolton (L7E) Erin Mills/Western Business Park (L5L) West Rathwood/East Hurontario/Southeast Gateway (L4Z) West Hurontario/Southwest Gateway (L5R) East Applewood/East Dixie/Northeast Lakeview (L4X) West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan (L5H) Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville (L5A) West Cooksville/Fairview/City Centre/ East Creditview (L5B) West Creditview/Mavis/Erindale (L5C) Peel Neighbourhoods with Low Socio-Economic Status of the Black Population: Matheson/East Rathwood (L4W), Southwest Lakeview/Mineola/East Port Credit (L5G), West Applewood/West Dixie/Northwest Lakeview (L4Y), Malton (L4T), Central Lakeview (L5E), Southeast Brampton (L6W) and East Brampton (L6T). Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 12

15 Table 6. The Black Population by Socio-Economic Status (SES): Peel Neighbourhoods, 2006 FSA Neighbourhood SEI Characteristics Rank L7C Urban Caledon L5W Meadowvale Village/West Gateway Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South L5M High 3 Streetsville Socio-Economic Status L5K West Sheridan L5N Lisgar/Meadowvale L6Z West Central Brampton L7A West Brampton L6V Central Brampton L4Z West Rathwood/East Hurontario/Southeast Gateway L5V East Credit L5R West Hurontario/Southwest Gateway L6P North Brampton (Gore) L6S North Central Brampton L5L Erin Mills/Western Business Park L6X Southwest Brampton Medium 15 L6R Northwest Brampton Socio-Economic Status 16 L6Y South Brampton L4X East Applewood/East Dixie/Northeast Lakeview L5H West Port Credit/Lorne Park/East Sheridan L5J Clarkson/Southdown L7E Bolton L5A Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville L5B West Cooksville/Fairview/City Centre/ East Creditview L5C West Creditview/Mavis/Erindale L4W Matheson/East Rathwood L5G Southwest Lakeview/Mineola/East Port Credit L4Y West Applewood/West Dixie/Northwest Lakeview Low L4T Malton Socio-Economic Status L5E Central Lakeview L6W Southeast Brampton L6T East Brampton Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, Special Custom Tabulation, 2006 Note: The closer the SEI to 0, the more developed is the neighbourhood, and the closer to 1, the less developed is the neighbourhood. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 13

16 Socio-Economic Status of the Black Population by Peel Neighbourhoods, 2006 Figure 2. The Black Population by Socio-Economic Status (SES) Data not available Caledon Brampton High Social-Economic Status Medium Social-Economic Low Social-Economic Status Mississauga Source: The Social Planning Council of Peel Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 14

17 E. The Relationship Between the Size of the Black Population in a Neighbourhood and the Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Black Population (Tables 7) Another important consideration is the relationship between the concentration of the Black population within neighbourhoods and the socio-economic characteristics of that population. (See Table 7.) For example, Malton (L4T) has a high concentration of Blacks in its total population, with a high percentage of these Blacks being of low socio-economic status. In contrast, Lisgar/Meadowvale (L5N) has a high concentration of Blacks in its population, but many of them are of high socio-economic status. On the other hand, Urban Caledon (L7C) and West Sheridan (L5K) have a relatively low concentration of Blacks in their total population, but these Blacks are of high socio-economic status. In other words, it is not wise to generalize about the socio-economic status of the Black community in a neighbourhood based on the number of Blacks in the neighbourhood. A large Black population in a neighbourhood does not necessarily mean that the majority of that population are of high socio-economic status. Similarly, a small population of Blacks in a neighbourhood does not mean that the majority of those Blacks are of low socio-economic status. Socio-Economic Index Black Population in the Neighbourhood High Concentration ( ,500) Medium Concentration ( ) Low Concentration (0-999) Table 7. Concentration of the Black Population versus Socio-Economic Status in Peel Neighbourhoods High Socio-Economic Status ( ) Lisgar/Meadowvale (L5N) Meadowvale Village / West Gateway (L5W), Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South Streetsville (L5M), West Central Brampton (L6Z) Urban Caledon (L7C), West Sheridan (L5K) Medium Socio-Economic Status ( ) West Brampton (L7A), Southwest Brampton (L6X), Northwest Brampton (L6R), South Brampton (L6Y) Central Brampton (L6V), West Rathwood/East Hurontario/Southeast Gateway (L4Z), East Credit (L5V), West Hurontario/Southwest Gateway (L5R), North Brampton (L6P), North Central Brampton (L6S), Erin Mills/Western Business Park (L5L), Clarkson/Southdown (L5J), Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville (L5A), West Cooksville/Fairview/City Centre/East Creditview (L5B), West Creditview /Mavis/ Erindale (L5C) East Applewood/East Dixie/Northeast Lakeview (L4X), West Port Credit/Lorne Park/ East Sheridan (L5H), Bolton (L7E) Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, Special Custom Tabulation, 2006 Low Socio-Economic Status ( ) Malton (L4T) Southeast Brampton (L6W), East Brampton (L6T) Matheson /East Rathwood (L4W), Southwest Lakeview /Mineola/ East Port Credit (L5G), West Applewood/West Dixie/ Northwest Lakeview (L4Y), Central Lakeview (L5E) Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 15

18 Table 8. Concentration of Black Population: Peel Neighbourhoods, 2006 FSA Description High Population Concentration ( ,500) Population # L7A West Brampton 10,350 L6Y South Brampton 7,140 L6R Northwest Brampton 7,025 L6X Southwest Brampton 6,850 L4T Malton 6,095 L5N Lisgar/Meadowvale 5,640 Medium Population Concentration ( ) L6V Central Brampton 4,745 L6S North Central Brampton 4,390 L5M Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South Streetsville 4,200 L6T East Brampton 4,090 L6P North Brampton (Gore) 3,805 L5L Erin Mills/Western Business Park 3,505 L6Z West Central Brampton 3,190 L5V East Credit 3,110 L5A Mississauga Valley/East Cooksville 2,760 L5B West Cooksville/Fairview/City Centre/East Creditview 2,395 L4Z West Rathwood/East Hurontario/Southeast Gateway 2,180 L5R West Hurontario/Southwest Gateway 2,150 L5C West Creditview /Mavis/ Erindale 1,825 L6W Southeast Brampton 1,690 L5J Clarkson/Southdown 1,460 L5W Meadowvale Village / West Gateway 1,200 Low Population Concentration (0-999) L4Y West Applewood/West Dixie/ Northwest Lakeview 925 L4X East Applewood/East Dixie/Northeast Lakeview 860 L4W Matheson /East Rathwood 835 L5G Southwest Lakeview /Mineola/ East Port Credit 675 L5K West Sheridan 645 L5H West Port Credit/Lorne Park/ East Sheridan 450 L5E Central Lakeview 420 L7C Urban Caledon 405 L7E Bolton 340 Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, Special Custom Tabulation, 2006 Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 16

19 CONCLUSION This analysis of the socio-economic status of the Black population by different neighbourhoods in Peel provides policymakers and community service workers with a picture of the strengths and challenges that characterize those neighbourhoods. The main value of this analysis is that it can be used to inform decision-making about priorities for social services and community development for the Black population in Peel Region. It is hoped that this study will provide new insights and directions for improving the quality of life of the Black population in Peel. Use of the Taxonomic Method of analysis shows that the Black population in Urban Caledon (L7C) has the highest socio-economic status, followed by Meadowvale Village/West Gateway (L5W), Churchill Meadows/Central Erin Mills/South Streetsville (L5M), West Sheridan (L5K), Lisgar/Meadowvale (L5N) and West Central Brampton (L6Z), respectively. What kinds of social problems are likely to emerge in these relatively affluent neighbourhoods? What kinds of social policies and programs are most appropriate for residents in these neighbourhoods? What are the opportunities for civic engagement, volunteering and charitable giving in these neighbourhoods? The Black population in East Brampton (L6T) has the lowest socio-economic status of all the Peel neighbourhoods. Close to East Brampton s situation are the neighbourhoods of Southeast Brampton (L6W), Central Lakeview (L5E), Malton (L4T), West Applewood/West Dixie/Northwest Lakeview (L4Y), Southwest Lakeview/Mineola/East Port Credit (L5G) and Matheson/East Rathwood (L4W). What kinds of social problems are likely to emerge in these neighbourhoods? What kinds of social policies and services are best suited for these neighbourhoods? What are the opportunities for engaging the residents in these neighbourhoods along with businesses, churches, schools, etc. in efforts to improve the quality of life for the residents in these neighbourhoods? Using the population concentration and the SEI, it is possible to understand the socio-economic status of the Black population in Peel neighbourhoods in the following way: Peel Neighbourhoods with High Percentage of Blacks with High Socio-Economic Status: Lisgar/Meadowvale (L5N) Peel Neighbourhoods with High Percentage of Blacks with Medium Socio-Economic Status: West Brampton (L7A), Southwest Brampton (L6X), Northwest Brampton (L6R), South Brampton (L6Y) Peel Neighbourhoods with High Percentage of Blacks with Low Socio-Economic Status: Malton (L4T) In planning for services and community development, one may also consider other factors such as the concentration of the Black population within these neighbourhoods and whether individual neighbourhoods may be strong in some areas of socio-economic status but weak in others. Future research could examine the socio-economic status of neighbourhoods compared to the services that are currently available within those neighbourhoods. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 17

20 BIBLIOGRAPHY Harbinson, F., Manubrick, J., & Resnick, J.R. (1970). Quantitative analysis of modernization and development. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Mohanty, S. (1999). Regional analysis of Human Development in Canada. PSC Discussion Paper Series, 13(9). Available at: Mohanty, S. (2005). A comparative perspective of social indicators in Peel neighbourhoods, Available: Mohanty, S. (2006). Quality of life in Malton. Available at: Mohanty, S. (2007). Statistical profiles and maps of the immigrant and visible minority populations in selected 905 and 519 regions in Ontario. Available at: Mohanty, S. (2007). Statistical profiles and maps of the visible minority groups in Peel, Available at: Mohanty, S. (2010). Determining high priority service needs areas for newcomers in Peel (potential hubs). Available at: Mohanty, S. (2010). Quality of life and cultural diversity in Peel. Available at: CW%20LHINS.pdf Mohanty, S. (2010). Quality of life and diversity in Mississauga. Available at: Mohanty, S, & Alves, D. (2004). Portraits of Peel: Neighbourhood environmental scan Mississauga, ON: Social Planning Council of Peel. Shookner, M. (1999). The quality of life in Ontario. Toronto, ON: Ontario Social Development Council & Social Planning Network of Ontario. Social Planning Council of Peel. (2005). A comparative perspective of social indicators in Peel neighbourhoods, 2001 [On-line]. Available at: Social Planning Council of Peel. (2006). Socio-economic Status of Peel Neighbourhoods. Infoshare, 12(1). Available at: Social Planning Council of Peel. (2008). Improving the quality of life for the Black population in Peel. Available at: REPORT-JUNE% pdf Social Planning Council of Peel. (2013). Portraits of peel: Online database, Peel statistics, target group profiles. Available at: Statistics Canada. (2006). Census of Canada, Special Custom Cross-Tabulation. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 18

21 APPENDICES Appendix 1. Technical Notes A. Source of Data: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada, Special Custom Tabulation B. Data Analysis Method: The Taxonomic Method The Taxonomic Method was used to determine the level of socioeconomic status of each neighbourhood of Peel. The Taxonomic Method, which was designed by a group of Polish mathematicians in 1952, enables the determination of homogeneous units in an n - dimensional space without having to employ statistical tools such as regression and variance. It was recommended in 1968 to the United Nation s Educational Scientific Cultural Organization (U.N.E.S.C.O) as a tool for ranking, classifying and comparing countries by levels of development. The measure (SEI) of development is a function of the pattern and critical distance from the ideal neighbourhood. It is non-negative and lies between 0 and 1 (in the majority cases). It may exceed 1 (some cases) but always non-negative. The closer the measure to 0, the more developed is the neighbourhood, and the closer to 1, the less developed is the neighbourhood. C. Definition of Forward Sortation Areas (FSAs) and Approach to the Selection of FSAs Forward Sortation Area (FSA) refers to the first three characters of the postal code. FSAs are associated with a postal facility from which mail delivery originates. The average number of households served by an FSA is approximately 8,000, but the number can range from zero to more than 60,000 households. This wide range of households can occur because some FSAs may serve only businesses (zero households) and some FSAs serve very large geographic areas. 31 FSAs were selected within the Peel Region to be included in this report. They were chosen based on a combination of natural boundaries and practical limits on manipulating the data. The FSAs not used in this report include: L7K, L0G, L0J, L0N, and L0P. The selected 31 FSAs represent approximately 99% of the total population of Peel. Please see the report A Socio-Economic Profile of the Black Population in Peel, 2006 & 2011 for more information on the individual FSAs selected and related fact sheets. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 19

22 D. Indicators Selected The indicators selected for this report were based on availability of data, importance/priority and quality. These indicators represent a small subset of the data collected by the 2006 Census of Canada. Denominators used for calculation of Indicators: o The variables No certificate, diploma or degree, University certificate, diploma or degree, Unemployment rate and Median employment income have been calculated as a percentage of the population age 15+. o Post-secondary certificate, diploma or degree obtained Inside Canada was calculated as a percentage of those age 15+ with a post-secondary certificate, diploma or degree. o The variable Self-employed was calculated as a percentage of all classes of worker age 15+ who worked since January 1, o The Occupation indicators were calculated as a percentage of the population age 15+ who worked since January 1, o Home Ownership was calculated as a percentage of private households. o Economic Families Prevalence of low income (before tax) was calculated as a percentage of Economic families in private households. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 20

23 A. Education Appendix 2. Definitions Highest certificate, diploma or degree refers to the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree. Detailed definition: This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement. Location of study refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. Detailed Definition: This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level. B. Employment Class of worker classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories: 1. persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money); 2. persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership; 3. persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work. Self-employed refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked since January 1, 2005, and for whom the job reported consisted mainly of operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership. Occupation refers to the kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC S 2006). Unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration. Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 21

24 C. Income Earnings or employment income refers to the total wages and salaries and net income from selfemployment. Detailed definition: Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income. Economic family refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included. Prevalence of low income before tax refers to the percentage of economic families or persons not in economic families who spend 20% more than average of their before-tax income on food, shelter and clothing. Detailed definition: The prevalence of low income before tax is the proportion or percentage of economic families or persons not in economic families in a given classification below the before tax low income cut-offs. These prevalence rates are calculated from unrounded estimates of economic families and persons not in economic families 15 years of age and over. Tenure (Home ownership) refers to whether some member of the household owns or rents the dwelling, or whether the dwelling is band housing (on an Indian reserve or settlement). For additional or more detailed definitions, please visit Statistics Canada s 2006 Census Dictionary: Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 22

25 Appendix 3. Fact Sheet for the Black Population in Peel Region Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Page 23