South America: natural fibres production

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1 South America: natural fibres production Natural Fibres Symposium FAO October 2008 Roberto C. Cardellino Joaquín Mueller

2 World Consumption of Major Textile Fibres

3

4 WOOL - the ultimate, versatile lifestyle fibre Natural Environmentally friendly Bio degradable

5 Key Facts(KSA Evian 2004) Wool has lost visibility in the shops Main features and benefits ignored by the consumers Lack of communication with the market More promotion and motivation aimed at retailers and consumers is needed.

6 Wool Production in South América

7 South America: Geography

8 SOUTH AMERICA: Sheep Producing areas

9 SANTA INÊS

10 Sheep Population and Wool Production in South America Country N sheep (mill) Wool Production (mkg, greasy) Type of Wool Prod. System Argentina 14,6 65,0 fine medium commercial/ smallholders Uruguay 10,4 41,0 medium fine commercial Chile 3,9 11,2 medium commercial Brazil 3,5 10,5 medium commercial Perú 14,7 12,0 coarse medium smallholders Bolivia 9,0 4,0 coarse smallholders Total 56,1 143,7

11 Two Well Defined Socio-Economic Regions 1.- SMALL HOLDER PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.- Low Input Low productivity Subsistance economies Criollo breed and Non-defined crosses Sheep + Camelids + Goats

12 Two Well Defined Socio-Economic Regions Main Areas: BOLIVIA: Altiplano (3 4.5 mt altitude) Sierra Region (Andes) Native communities PERU: Sierra Region (Andes) 43% very small producers 32% peasant communities ARGENTINA: NW Region 12% of total Subsistance livestock systems

13 Perú: Geographic regions Coast Highlands Tropical forest

14 Bolivia: Geographic regions

15 Argentina

16 Argentina

17 Argentina Criollos Catamarca

18 Criollos Sgo del Estero

19 Two Well Defined Socio-Economic Regions 2.- COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.- ARGENTINA: Patagonia, Mesopotamia, Buenos Aires (88%) sheep growers Wool exports: 230 U$S mill URUGUAY: growers in mixed farms with beef cattle Dual purpose sheep breeds Wool exports: 240 U$S mill

20 Two Well Defined Socio-Economic Regions 2.- COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.- BRAZIL: Mixed farms with beef cattle Southern Region; farmers Dual purpose sheep breeds Wool exports: 25 U$S mill CHILE: farmers in total Patagonian region (60% of total) Medium to large farmers Dual purpose sheep breeds Wool exports: 15 U$S mill

21 Argentina Distribution of sheep by zones and productive systems 11.9 % 14.5% 10.2 % Mesopotamia: mixed systems beef and sheep. Dual purpose sheep breeds: corriedale, polwarth, romney Buenos Aires Province: beef cattle breeding, mixed livestock/cropping systems. Dual purpose sheep breeds; corriedale, romney, lincoln 63.4 % Patagonia: extensive sheep production systems, specialized in wool. Breeds: merino, corriedale, cormo, corino North West: smallholders, selfconsumption systems. Criollo breed and crosses Source: SAGPyA, Departamento Ovinos y Lana, 2002

22 Argentina

23 Argentina

24 Estancia Cóndor, Santa Cruz

25 Geography of Uruguay

26 Sheep Production in Uruguay

27

28

29

30

31 Regional distribution of sheep in Chile 60 In % 56, ,1 8,1 7,8 0,3 0,3 0,1 2,2 4,1 4,0 4,5 0,8 0,6 I II III IV V RM VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Regions of Chile Source: INE, 2007

32 Sheep Production in Chile (Patagonia)

33 Sheep Breeds Predominance of Dual Purpose breeds Corriedale 60% μ Merino 20% μ Polwarth 10% μ Others: 10% 22,5 30 μ

34 Wool Production by Fineness in South America. (mkg greasy) Country Fine < 24,5 Medium 24,6 32,5 Coarse/Criollo > 32,5 Total Argentina 40,3 22,7 2,0 65,0 Uruguay 12,0 27,0 2,0 41,0 Chile 0,2 10,8 0,2 11,2 Brazil 1,0 8,5 1 10,5 Perú 5,0 7 12,0 Bolivia 4 4,0 Total 53,5 74,0 16,2 143,7

35 Wool Production by Fineness in South America. (mkg greasy) 11% 37% 52% Fine <24,5 Medium 24,6 32,5 Coarse/Criollo > 32,5

36 Fibres from South American camelids

37 ALPACA (Vicugna Pacos) PERU/BOLIVIA: Altiplano Baby alpaca: 22 microns Alpaca fleece: 26 microns Very soft, warmth, natural colours Main use: apparel clothing for men Small holders (<50 an.) or farmer communities

38 LLAMA (Lama Glama) BOLIVIA/PERU Altiplano multipurpose animals : meat, power, fibers Llama fiber: 33 microns Wide range of natural colours Main use: clothing, hand crafts Small holders and communities

39 VICUÑA (Vicugna Vicugna) PERU: Altiplano Undercoat fibers: valuable and special Diameter: microns but very short Capture/Shearing/releasing Protection of the trade

40 GUANACO (Lama Guanicoe) ARGENTINA/CHILE: Patagonia Fibres: microns Wide range of colours

41 MOHAIR Angora goats ARGENTINA (NW of Patagonia) Fibre: young animals 24 microns Adult animals >29 microns Uniformity of colour: white

42 Approximate main distribution area of South American camelids and fiber producing goats Source: J.Mueller,2008

43 Special animal fiber production in South America Fiber Animal Type Main producer Farmers Number of animals Production (kg) Alpaca Alpacas Domestic Peru 159,928 3,503,774 4,055,595 Llama Llamas Domestic Bolivia 74,302 4,080,596 3,342,866 Mohair Angora goats Domestic Argentina 4, , ,000 Vicuña Vicuñas Wild Peru 100 a 319,547 5,580 Guanaco Guanacos Wild Argentina 15 a 577,697 1,500 Cashmere Native goats Domestic Argentina , a Management units Source: J.Mueller,2008

44 Quechua girl with a LLama

45 Vicuña in the altiplano: Perú

46 Vicuña in the altiplano of Perú

47 Domestic herd of Alpacas

48 Domesticated herd of Guanacos

49 Herd of Llamas in Atacama desert, Chile

50 Alpaca in the altiplane of Bolivia

51 Llama in Pachu-Pichu, Perú

52 Multipurpose Llama: transport

53 Llama: The guardian of sheep merino flocks (AUS)

54 The Importance of Animal Fibres in South America ALPACA 2,7% MOHAIR 0,5% LLAMA 2,2% VICUÑA 0,004% GUANACO 0,001% Production in kgs Wool Alpaca Llama WOOL 94,6% Mohair Vicuña Guanaco

55 Production of natural fibres in South America FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Great socio-economic implications > farmers/peasants involved Majority small holders, subsistence farmers High volume of exports: >600 mill U$S Important source of labour: Farm labour Shearers Transport Manufacturing: 14 combing plants Exporting

56 Thank you

57 Wool production in the World Countries in the Southern Hemisphere Grazing systems Zones with climate: NO in hot and very humid Hot Temperate Cold Dry Wet Very wet

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