THE ANDEAN AREA....How does the rich countries development affect some poor and 1. distant countries

Transcription

1 THE ANDEAN AREA...How does the rich countries development affect some poor and 1 distant countries

2 1. Geographical situation of the Andean area South America view 2

3 Andes mountain range Amazonian basin Pacific Coast Around 7240 Km. length 3

4 Perú, Andean-Amazonian Country 4

5 Southamérica cross section 5

6 Peru coast images Houses of Arenal area Beaches Trujillo-Perú city Houses in hills 6

7 Andes mountain range sigthseens 7

8 Inca civilization (s.xiith to XVIth) One of the largest pre-columbian empires. It held from Argentina to southern Colombia * Family ties with neighboring nations (using the wives, daughters and sisters), military conquests and a very effective administrative network enabled its expansion and consolidation. * The accounting system was done through the kipu. (system of ropes and knots of different colors very efficient). Today this operation is still unknown 8

9 Amazonian basin pictures 9

10 Amazonian landscape 10

11 SIGTHSEEN FROM SPACE 11

12 2. Pecularities of these 3 geographical spaces which determine Peru country 12

13 No rain. Arid area. Sandy area (including sand dunes) Main pecularities of the Peruvian Coast Water in this area comes from the Andes mountain range Narrow region (10% from the entire country) Area where nearly 50 % of the population lives But area where 80% of the economy develops 13

14 Mains caracteristics of the Andes Mountain range Geography very steeped and sloped. Production of food is more expensive than in the coast or in flat areas. In agriculture, the use of tractors in slope is replaced by plows drawn by oxen. It is very cold because of the glaciers that form the tops of mountains Rivers are the main source of life Due to that geography, food production is done at different altitudes with different atmospheric pressures, humidity levels and variables temperatures that make it a rich area in its food diversity. Natural resources most valuable and most sought by the West are MINERALS. 14

15 Main features of the Amazon basin Area that goes from 0 to 2,200 meters above the sea level. 60% of its territory is flooded half of the year. The other part of the territory is covered with swamps. Road construction is difficult, harbors for small boats are more appropriate The Amazon is the area that drains into the Atlantic with a force of m3 per second. Rainy zone Houses are built in flood prevention The most valuable resources requested by Western countries is OIL & WOOD. 15

16 3. Potential of the coast, the Andes and the Amazon basin 16

17 Legacy of thousands of years in the Andes 3000 varieties of potatoes 36 varieties of maize 623 varieties of fruits 17

18 Some varieries of potatoes 18

19 Some varieties of corn 19

20 Some camelids: Alpacas, Vicuñas, Llamas y Guanaco 20

21 The potential of the Amazon in each hectare of forest kg of biomass 600 trees including 300 different species species of plants 367 species of butterflies 55 species of ants 57 species of wasps and bees 200 species of spiders 41 species of snails 81 species of beetles 66 species of amphibians 48 species of reptiles 200 species of birds 100 species of mammals 21

22 Amazon flora 22

23 Trees millennia 23

24 Birds of the Amazon 24

25 Wildlife Amazon 25

26 If there are so many riches in this area then, why is there so much poverty? Why there are so many immigrations? 26

27 An Andean area submerged by activities related to minerals 27

28 Amazon basin submerged by oil & forest depredation 28

29 5. The behaviours and attitudes we adopt here, contribute to worsen the situation of people living there. 29

30 30

31 6.Immediate effects of this destruction 31

32 CLIMATE CHANGE Emission of gases in the atmosphere including 63% of CO MM tons per year Ecosystems can not absorb a such quantity In the Peruvian Andes 22% of the glaciers have melted during the last 25 years It is estimated that in 2050 only glaciers at over will remain 32

33 Endangered Species Globally, animal species and varieties of plants are considered as endangered The list of species in Peru is increasing 1979: 40 species 2006: 300 species 33

34 Forest destruction Between 1990 and 2000, 47 MM hectares of forest were destroyed in Latin America Amazon MM 100 hectares of forest have been devastated to expand the agricultural fields Each year approximately 3 MM ha of forest are destroyed 34

35 WATER POLLUTION Water pollution Releases in water without treatment Discharges of waste ore Mercury pollution and other Deterioration of catchment basins 35

36 Disappearance of indigenous peoples 1500: people living in the Amazon 2000: Just 400 remain In Peru, between 1950 and indigenous peoples of Amazonia have disappeared Valuable knowledge then have also disappeared 36

37 A model of unsustainable development This development model, destructs forests, Millions of hectares are destroyed 60% of colonized areas are unproductive 37

38 Towards a broader perspective MILK WAY 38

39 39 Earth and its satellite (the Moon) are here

40 Some planets in our solar system 40

41 We are already not so great 41

42 And seen from this angla much less 42

43 But beyond our solar system there is the Milky Way and beyond many others nebulaes and constellations that make up the Universe 43

44 The Earth is not even visible at this scale 44

45 Although we are still in the Milky Way Antares is the 15th brightest star in the sky. It is more than 1000 lightyears 45

46 Seen like that everything is relative, our desires, jealousy, intolerance, strife, everyday's annoyances that we magnify as if we were the kings of the "creation" althought we are just a drop of blue in a vast expanse of stars. 46

47 That she is beautiful our planet! With only 540 million km2 ( ) 6400 quadrillion of rocks ( ) Thousand trillion tons of water ( ) And 6, 6 billion people ( ) 47

48 Contemplate this photograph just a minute It was taken in 2004 by Cassini-Juygens an automatic spaceship, coming near the ring of Saturn. 48

49 Here is your planet Everything is concentrated. Religions, ideologies, philosophy, cultures, languages, knowledgement, thousands of species of animals and varieties of plants. Everything is here because our planet is unique. 49

50 This let you wondering... We could take this photograph as a lesson of humility. But also considering it as a double message: first in our little universe, the insignificance of our problems and differences seen in this scale. On the other hand the fragility of our planet and the importance of taking care of this tiny blue dot... Then, after all is the only home we have. 50

51 Millions of years of evolution since the origin of life are in our hands. Consider themselves superior and master of all that surrounds us, including the lives of our fellows though we are a grain of sand on a beach... You, as the next generation know more things than the previous generations and you are responsible for repairing the mistakes of the past. You'll need to inform you and you raise awareness for the challenges that you will face. Thanks for your attention. ITACA Association 51