Illegal gold mining: main land-based source of destructive impacts in the French Guiana amazonian Park (PAG)
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1 Illegal gold mining: main land-based source of destructive impacts in the French Guiana amazonian Park (PAG) Sludge pollution at the confluence of the Inini and Maroni rivers (border of Suriname)- PAG 2014 Third Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land- Based Sources and Activities in the Wider Caribbean Region (LBS), 14 March 2017
2 Created in 2007 On the Guiana Shield, inside the Latin America 3,4 millions Ha PAG: an innovating tool for conservation and local development in a specific context Neighborhood of the National Park of the Tumucumaque (Brazil)
3 2 zones, 5 municipalities, >18,000 inhabitants 6 languages spoken, diversity of cultures and traditional livehoods depending on natural environments Core zone (2 millions ha): environmental protection- respect of the traditional livelihoods Buffer zone (1.4 millions ha): local development (cultural, social and economic) -> New generation National Park framed by a charter : Ecologic solidarity Sustainable development Enhancing cultural identities Inhabitants in the park s governance Buffer zone Core zone
4 Rivers used for hundred years: By local inhabitants (Amerindians: Wayana, Apalaï, Teko, Wayapi, Bushinengue: Aluku/Boni ) For fishing, potable water, transportation, health using, history, toponymy Washing and dishing in the Maroni river- PAG
5 Fishing in the Camopi river- PAG
6 Crossing rapids on the Maroni river- PAG
7 The situation nowadays in the PAG: A ten years old french national park, suffering from the destructive impacts of illegal gold mining over a few percent of its territory (mostly northern part of the buffer zone) Illegal gold mining exists since the 90 s in French Guiana Pressures on living areas Main impacts in the PAG are: ha of tropical forest deforested- 150h/year km of rivers destroyed km of rivers polluted (sludge, mercury, fuel and waste ) (ONF )
8 Impacts of illegal gold mining Illegal gold mining still remains the most harmful impact : - on biodiversity and natural environments, particularlly rivers - causing environmental and healthy risks - threatening livehoods, well-being of inhabitants and social balance - preventing sustainable economic development Sludge causes asphyxia of natural environments and habitats, changing in the long term fish species, increasing pollution downstream Destruction and sludge pollution of the Alicorne river (Saül- Core zone)- PAG 2016 Mercury mixed to extract gold, is relevied to the rivers, causing bioaccumulation in living organisms. For 1kg of gold extracted: 1.3kg of mercury reliefed in rivers- 13T per year (WWF)
9 Camopi- Frontière France Brésil Municipality of Camopi- Confluence of the Oyapock and Camopi rivers- Border of Brazil- PAG 9
10 Monitoring and surveillance Bilan surveillance PAG 2016 Important part of the PAG s work: - 20 staff members commissioned and sworn environmental inspectors - Authorized to enforce fauna/flora and protected areas regulations as well as destroy illegal mining equipment
11 Environmental diagnosis activities : - 3 air operations/year - operations as well as by river and on land, in order to alert the armed forces leading the fight - monitoring turbidity Network monitoring- Oyapock area- 2015
12 Contribution to the struggle against illegal gold mining: helping armed forces (joint ground operations)- 36 missions/78 in 2016
13 Monitoring illegal gold mining- 2016
14 Evolution of illegal gold mining in the French amazonian park
15 Barges on rivers in the west area (Maroni)- 2016
16 Illegal gold mining : a common stake for the Guyana shield New Albina- In front of Maripa- Soula on the Maroni river 16
17 17
18 Ilha Bela, Vila Brazil- In front of Camopi on Oyapock river Illegal gold mining : a common stake for the Guyana shield 18
19 19
20 Impact of illegal gold mining- Suriname/French Guiana/ Brasil WWF
21 Thank you!
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