ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR LATIN AMERICA, 1960 TO 2004

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1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR LATIN AMERICA, 1960 TO 2004 Damiano Sandri, Ernesto Valenzuela and Kym Anderson Johns Hopkins University and University of Adelaide December 2007 Agricultural Distortions Working Paper 19, December 2007 This is a product of a research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, under the leadership of Kym Anderson of the World Bank s Development Research Group. The authors are grateful for funding from World Bank Trust Funds provided by the governments of Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands (BNPP) and the United Kingdom (DfID). This Working Paper series is designed to promptly disseminate the findings of work in progress for comment before they are finalized. The views expressed are the authors alone and not necessarily those of the World Bank and its Executive Directors, nor the they represent, nor of the institutions providing funds for this research project.

2 ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR LATIN AMERICA, 1960 TO 2004 Damiano Sandri, Ernesto Valenzuela and Kym Anderson This compilation of data from the World Development Indicators, FAOSTAT, and GTAP 6.0 databases provides comparative basic economic and trade indicators for LAC region. Within the region are sub-divided into sub-regions, and for each region and sub-region the case study are shown separately together with an aggregate of that sub-region s non-studied. Due to the very limited data availability, all the with a population of less than 1 million in 2000 (except Barbados and Saint Lucia), plus Cuba and Puerto Rico have not been included. The tables begin with summary data for the period , and growth data for Then each one-page table shows annual data for the 45-year period from 1960 to Apart from the series on black market premium (compiled by Easterly), on labor force, agricultural employment, agricultural land and the section on production, supply and export of agricultural commodities taken from the FAO, and those marked with * in the table of contents computed from the GTAP6.1 database (or version 6.2 when specified), all the other data have been retrieved from the World Bank s World Development Indicators (April 2006). Definitions of the various variables can be found in the WDI section of the World Bank s website. Time series of applied ad valorem tariff (AHS) data from 1988 to 2005 are collected from UNCTAD-TRAINS using the WITS system 1. These tariffs correspond to trade weighted HS6 digits compiled at GTAP sectoral level for primary agriculture and processed food, and aggregates for primary agriculture, processed food, and primary non agriculture. Effectively applied tariffs for 1 In the absence of a corresponding trade flow for a given tariff, WITS seeks for a matching trade flow in COMTRADE, either by direct or inverted trade (collecting exports to region x). These are exclusively ad valorem tariffs and thus do not include ad valorem equivalent of specific tariffs.

3 the year 2001 reported in the last table of the basic trade indicators come instead from the GTAP6.1 database. They are obtained through a joint CEPII / ITC project, known as MAcMAps, which calculates HS6 bilateral tariff including ad valorem tariff equivalent of specific and compound tariffs and key non-tariff barriers such as tariff rate quotas (TRQs). Five-year averages for the period are computed by averaging all the available annual data within the period. However, average percentages and ratios for single between two variables are computed by considering only those years for which observations are available for both series. Growth rates are calculated consistently with WDI statistical procedures, i.e. by fitting a linear regression trend to the logarithmic annual values whenever at least half of the observations in the period are available. The revealed comparative Advantage (RCA) indexes are computed as the product group s share of a region s exports as a percentage of that product group s share of global merchandise exports. The service sector is derived as a residual, from GDP less agriculture and industry. The available tables and indicators are: Description of aggregate sectors, as referred to in the GTAP database Sources List of and regional aggregates National as % of world, (A) Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP Agricultural GDP Land Agricultural land Total exports of goods and services Agricultural and food exports Agricultural and food imports National as % of world, (B) GDP per capita

4 Land per capita Land per worker Agricultural land per capita Agricultural land per agricultural worker RCA agriculture and food Growth rates, % per year, Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP GDP per capita Agricultural GDP Industrial GDP Services GDP Total exports of goods and services Agricultural and food exports Agricultural and food imports Basic economic indicators, five-year averages Population Labor force Agricultural workers Agricultural workers (% labor force) GDP GDP per capita Governance indicators Poverty (% population) Land Agricultural land Arable land Land per capita Land per worker Arable land per worker Agricultural land per capita Agricultural land per agricultural worker Agriculture (% GDP) Industry (% GDP) Services (% GDP) Agricultural GDP (% world) Official exchange rate (LCU per US$) Black market premium (%) Basic trade indicators, five-year averages Total exports of goods and services

5 Total imports of goods and services Primary agriculture exports (% prim. agriculture and proc. food exports)* Agriculture and food exports (% merchandise exports) Other primary goods exports (% merchandise exports) Other manufactures exports (% merchandise exports) Services exports (% total exports of goods and services) Primary agriculture imports (% prim. agriculture and proc. food imports)* Agriculture and food imports (% merchandise imports) Other primary goods imports (% merchandise imports) Other manufactures imports (% merchandise imports) Services imports (% total imports of goods and services) Total exports of goods and services (% GDP) Total imports of goods and services (% GDP) (X-M)/(X+M): primary agriculture* (X-M)/(X+M): processed food* (X-M)/(X+M): agriculture and food (X-M)/(X+M): other primary goods (X-M)/(X+M): other manufactures (X-M)/(X+M): services RCA: agriculture and food RCA: other primary goods RCA: other manufactures Share of world exports (%): agriculture and food Share of world exports (%): other primary goods Share of world exports (%): other manufactures Share of world exports (%): services Share of world exports (%): total exports of goods and services Trade weighted applied tariff, 2001* Agricultural commodities: shares of national and global, production, consumption and export Domestic production in 2001 (% world, MT), A & B Domestic apparent consumption in 2001 (% world, MT), A & B Export in 2001 (% world, MT), A & B Shares of domestic production in 2001 (% domestic prod. value), A & B Shares of apparent consumption in 2001 (% domestic app. cons. value), A & B Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff (UNCTAD-TRAINS) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico

6 Nicaragua

7 Description of aggregate sectors, as referred to in the GTAP database Primary Agriculture GTAP sector description pdr Paddy rice wht Wheat gro Cereal grains nec v_f Vegetables, fruit, nuts osd Oil seeds c_b Sugar cane, sugar beet pfb Plant-based fibers ocr Crops nec ctl Cattle,sheep,goats,horses oap Animal products nec rmk Raw milk wol Wool, silk-worm cocoons Other Primary GTAP sector description frs Forestry fsh Fishing coa Coal oil Oil gas Gas omn Minerals nec Processed Food GTAP sector description cmt Meat: cattle,sheep,goats,horse omt Meat products nec vol Vegetable oils and fats mil Dairy products pcr Processed rice sgr Sugar ofd Food products nec b_t Beverages and tobacco products Other Manufacturing GTAP sector description tex Textiles wap Wearing apparel lea Leather products lum Wood products ppp Paper products, publishing p_c Petroleum, coal products crp Chemical,rubber,plastic prods nmm Mineral products nec i_s Ferrous metals nfm Metals nec fmp Metal products mvh Motor vehicles and parts otn Transport equipment nec ele Electronic equipment ome Machinery and equipment nec omf Manufactures nec

8 Sources: Dimaranan, B.V. (ed.) (2006), Global Trade, Assistance, and Production: The GTAP 6.0 Database, West Lafayette: Center for Global Trade Analysis, Purdue University (chapters downloadable at Easterly, William. Compilation of Black Market premium. Available at: wth%20database.htm FAOSTAT, 2005, 2006, Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics Databases. Available at: Accessed: June WDI (World Development Indicators), April 2006, World Bank Database. Available at: Accessed: June WITS (World Integrated Trade Solution), World Bank in collaboration with UNCTAD. Available at: Accessed: July 2006.

9 Latin America and the Caribbean Countries and regional aggregates Latin America study group Other The Caribbean Central America South America Argentina Barbados Costa Rica Bolivia Brazil Haiti El Salvador Paraguay Chile Jamaica Guatemala Peru Colombia Saint Lucia Honduras Uruguay Dominican Republic Trinidad and Tobago Panama Venezuela Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua Countries and regional aggregates used for the indicators computed from the GTAP database Available Latin America studied Regional aggregates The Caribbean Central America South America Argentina Rest of Free Trade Area Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Brazil of the Americas: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Chile Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Panama Venezuela Colombia Barbados, Dominica, Ecuador (only tariff data) Dominican Republic, Grenada Rest of South America: Mexico Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Suriname Trinidad and Tobago, Virgin Islands (US) Rest of the Caribbean: Anguilla, Aruba, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Turks and Caicos, Virgin Islands (British)

10 National as % world, (A) Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP Agricultural GDP Land Agricultural land Total exports of goods and services Agricultural and food exports Agricultural and food imports Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua Aggregate The Caribbean Central America South America Aggregate Latin America All

11 National as % world, (B) GDP per capita Land per capita Land per worker Agricultural land per capita Agricultural land per agricultural worker RCA: agriculture and food Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua Aggregate The Caribbean Central America South America Aggregate Latin America All

12 Growth rates, % per year, Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP (constant 2000 US$) GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$) Agricultural GDP (constant 2000 US$) Industrial GDP (constant 2000 US$) Services GDP (constant 2000 US$) Total exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$) Agricultural and food exports (constant 2000 US$) Agricultural and food imports (constant 2000 US$) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

13 Population (millions) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Labor force (millions) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

14 Agricultural workers (millions) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Agricultural workers (% labor force) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

15 GDP ($ billions) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All GDP per capita ($) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

16 Governance Indicators Voice and Government Control of Political Stability Regulatory Quality Rule of Law Accountability Effectiveness Corruption Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

17 Poverty (% population) People living with less than 1$ per day (% tot People living with less than 2$ per day (% tot population) population) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

18 Total land (Ha millions) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Agricultural land (Ha millions) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

19 Arable land (Ha millions) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Land per capita (Ha) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

20 Arable land per worker (Ha) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Land per worker (Ha) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

21 Agricultural land per capita (Ha) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Agricultural land per agricultural worker (Ha) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

22 Agriculture (% GDP) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Industry (%GDP) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

23 Services (% GDP) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Agricultural GDP (% world) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

24 Official exchange rate (LCU per US$) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua Black market premium (%) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua

25 Total exports of goods and services ($ billions) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Total imports of goods and services ($ billions) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

26 Primary agriculture exports (% primary agriculture and processed food exports)* Available Latin America studied Regional aggregates Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico The Caribbean Central America South America Latin America All Agricultural and food exports (% merchandise exports) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

27 Other primary goods exports (% merchandise exports) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Other manufactures exports (% merchandise exports) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

28 Services exports (% total exports of goods and services) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Primary agriculture imports (% prim. agriculture and proc. food imports)* Available Latin America studied Regional aggregates Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico The Caribbean Central America South America Latin America All 40 39

29 Agricultural and food imports (% merchandise imports) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Other primary goods imports (% merchandise imports) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

30 Other manufactures imports (% merchandise imports) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Services imports (% total imports of goods and services) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

31 Total exports of goods and services (% GDP) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Total imports of goods and services (% GDP) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

32 (X-M)/(X+M): primary agriculture* Available Latin America studied Regional aggregates Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico The Caribbean Central America South America Latin America All (X-M)/(X+M): processed food* Available Latin America studied Regional aggregates Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico The Caribbean Central America South America Latin America All

33 (X-M)/(X+M): agriculture and food Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All (X-M)/(X+M): other primary goods Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

34 (X-M)/(X+M): other manufactures Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All (X-M)/(X+M): services Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

35 RCA: agriculture and food Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All RCA: other primary goods Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

36 RCA: other manufactures Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Share of world exports (%): agriculture and food Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

37 Share of world exports (%): other primary goods Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Share of world exports (%): other manufactures Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

38 Share of world exports (%): services Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All Share of world exports (%): goods and services Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All The Caribbean Central America South America All Latin America All

39 Trade weighted applied tariff, 2001* Non - Primary Agriculture Primary Agriculture Processed Food Other Primary Other Manufacturing Total Available Latin America studied Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Mexico Regional aggregates The Caribbean Central America South America Latin America All

40 Domestic production in 2001 (% world) - A Rice (paddy equiv.) Wheat Maize Barley Other coarse grains Sugar, raw equiv. Cotton seed Soya beans Palm oil Other Oilseeds Cassava Bananas Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All Domestic production in 2001 (% world) - B Coffee Cocoa Beans Coconuts - Incl Copra Tea Groundnuts (shelled equiv.) Tobacco Milk, whole Bovine Meat Mutton & goat meat Pigmeat Poultry meat Wool (clean equiv.) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All

41 Domestic apparent consumption in 2001 (% world) - A Rice (paddy equiv.) Wheat Maize Barley Other coarse grains Sugar, raw equiv. Cotton seed Soya beans Palm oil Other Oilseeds Cassava Bananas Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All Domestic apparent consumption in 2001 (% world) - B Coffee Cocoa Beans Coconuts - Incl Copra Tea Groundnuts (shelled equiv.) Tobacco Milk, whole Bovine Meat Mutton & goat meat Pigmeat Poultry meat Wool (clean equiv.) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All

42 Export in 2001 (% world) - A Rice (paddy equiv.) Wheat Maize Barley Other coarse grains Sugar, raw equiv. Cotton seed Soya beans Palm oil Other Oilseeds Cassava Bananas Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All Export in 2001 (% world) - B Coffee Cocoa Beans Coconuts - Incl Copra Tea Groundnuts (shelled equiv.) Tobacco Milk, whole Bovine Meat Mutton & goat meat Pigmeat Poultry meat Wool (clean equiv.) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All

43 Shares of domestic production in 2001 (% domestic production value) - A Rice (paddy equiv.) Wheat Maize Barley Other coarse grains Sugar, raw equiv. Cotton seed Soya beans Palm oil Other Oilseeds Cassava Bananas Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All Shares of domestic production in 2001 (% domestic production value) - B Coffee Cocoa Beans Coconuts - Incl Copra Tea Groundnuts (shelled equiv.) Tobacco Milk, whole Bovine Meat Mutton & goat meat Pigmeat Poultry meat Wool (clean equiv.) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All

44 Shares of apparent consumption in 2001 (% domestic app. consumption value) - A Rice (paddy equiv.) Wheat Maize Barley Other coarse grains Sugar, raw equiv. Cotton seed Soya beans Palm oil Other Oilseeds Cassava Bananas Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All Shares of apparent consumption in 2001 (% domestic app. consumption value) - B Coffee Cocoa Beans Coconuts - Incl Copra Tea Groundnuts (shelled equiv.) Tobacco Milk, whole Bovine Meat Mutton & goat meat Pigmeat Poultry meat Wool (clean equiv.) Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua All Latin America All