The modernization of Andorra

Transcription

1 The modernization of Andorra Dra. Ma. Jesús Lluelles Larrosa Fons Valentí Claverol 1

2 Situation Central Pyrenees between France & Spain Peripheral position between two states Andorra França Espanya Area 468 Km inhabitants Medieval origen Constitutional coprincipality > Constitution ->Law state Reduced taxation. IGI (VAT) 4,5% 2

3 parliament 3

4 Historical origin of Andorra Heads of the State president of the French Republic: François Hollande bishop of Urgell: Joan Enric Vives. Medieval Ages s. XVI Two lords: bishop of Urgell & count of Foix 1806: Napoleó I restoration of the status Count of Foix King of France 1789: French revolution ignore the status of Andorra. president of the french Republic 4

5 Border economy State located in the Pyrenees Income situation Legal status commercial activity Geographic situation tourism (sky, nature) financial activity Second half of the XX century 5

6 Indirect estimation of the GDP VAB per sectors 2011 agriculture 1% industry 5% construction 9% others 6% Real estate and business services 19% hotels 8% transport 4% administration, education and health system 13% Financial system 18% Commercial activity 17% Departament Estadística. Govern d Andorra total gross value added2.316 M GDP per capita / $ primary and industrial sectors unimportant 6

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8 Traditional ways of life: integration into the landscape Fons W. Lengeman. ANA Fons W. Lengeman. ANA Years

9 Evolution of livestock Years Sector primari I Fons W. Lengeman. ANA 9

10 Present livestock cattle bovine equine 909 sheep goat

11 Monoculture of tabacco introduced in. XVIII century Conditioned by geopolitics Historicaly the object of smuggling 1900: 600 families grow tabacco factories of tabacco (nowadays closed) High subsidies after1960 Temporally slowed down by construction 245 tones (2011) 11

12 any 1943 Fons Valentí Claverol 12

13 Population structure by age Aging trend Average age 39,34 years (2012) Departament d Estadística Population by age groups Less than 15 years 15, years 71,9 65 years and more 12,6 Aging index 81,11 Global dependency 39,13 13

14 Fons W. Lengeman. ANA years Fons W. Lengeman. ANA 14

15 Nacionalitats Nationalities Foreigners 55% andorrans 45% spanish portuguese french Nationalities composition(2012) others 8% portuguese 15% french 5% andorrans 45% spanish 27% Departament Estadística. Govern d Andorra 15

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17 L afluència turística Trade Cultural heritatge Offer Winter sports Landscape Creation of jobs Tourism economic impact spending space consumption any kind of infrastructure expanding ski areas accommodation building landscape degradation 17

18 Impact of tourism Territorial impact proportional to the volume Country organized according to tourism High tourist pressure cyclic activity 18

19 Tourist influx Visitors in the country (2011) spanish 54,0% french 42,6% tourists hikers

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21 Evolution of the trade plataform of distribution legal contraband import export basic products (domestic consumption) livestock surpluses adaptation to tourist demand importacions 5% exportacions % 21

22 Commercial sector: products 22

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24 Pas de la Casa, french-andorran border 24

25 years Fons W. Lengeman. Arxiu Nacional 25

26 Economic impact of skiing : 2,3 milions forfets 5 ski stations direct business 46 M indirect impact 306 M Ha 298 km of slopes Snow cannons skiers hour Font: Esqui Andorra workers 26

27 Fons Joan Vehils. ANA 27

28 Fons W. Lengeman. ANA Urban planning from 1950 until now 28

29 Fons Valentí Claverol 29

30 year 1930 Fons J. Vehils. ANA. Eixamplament carretera Andorra ( FHASA) years Fons W. Lengeman. Arxiu Nacional. Camí Llorts a Ordino 30

31 any 1930 Fons J. Vehils. ANA 31

32 Road Infrastructures 1913 road with Spain 1933 road with France 97 km Extension road network 279 Km N-20 => France 6 generals External communications 47 secondaries N-145 => Spain 182 km 32

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34 Managed funds year euros milers Characteristics characteristic activity of XX century linked to commecial activity & tourism reliable & strong sector integrated into the international financial system degree of control 2010: Andorra out of the tax haven list. 34

35 Conclusions tourism key element in the andorra s economy economic benefits territorial comsumption economic dependence of outside commercial sector key element with high capacity of adaptation primary sector (subsidies) & industrial strong financial sector less number of tourist. building sector and domestic consumption key sector in the last years economic crisis. It is not the first situation like now. image abroad : less competitivity ALTERNATIVES economic diversification (difficult) openness to foreign capital 35

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