NEOTROPICAL RAINFOREST FIELD ECOLOGY COURSE
|
|
- Avice Rice
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ITINERARY & PRIMER: NEOTROPICAL RAINFOREST FIELD ECOLOGY COURSE by Marc G. M. van Roosmalen This course is a personalized introduction to the Amazon rainforest realm that will be offered by David and Marc while we are following some of the footsteps of the great naturalists of the 19th century on the path of evolution (e.g., Von Humboldt, Wallace, Spix, Martius, Bates and Spruce). Through the study of the intricate web of plant-animal relations in the dynamics of pristine, over more than 70 million years evolved ancient forest and testing Alfred Wallace's river barrier hypothesis, we will unveil the long standing academic question why the Amazon harbors the by far highest biodiversity of all terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, we have to look up-close at the continent's geomorphology going back in time at least to the Miocene. Which major vicariant events have taken place and what role the over one thousand major tributaries of
2 the Amazon proper have played and still play, together with their floodplains, in the genetic isolation of plant and animal populations, radiation of species and speciation. This is best demonstrated through the distribution of extant primates (i.e., Neotropical monkeys) which, at least in non-volant mammals, strongly supports the phylogenetic species concept. On our boat voyage through part of the Rio Negro Basin we will further look into each exclusive all- Amazonian phenomenon and issues such as the different types of water, the annual tide, the major floodplain and terra firme (never inundating) forest types linked to water type and soil conditions, their phyto-sociological composition, physiognomy, phyto-chemistry, animal guilds, ecological niches, seed dispersal syndromes, seed/seedling predation, co-evolution, and seasonal lateral migration of the entire frugivorous community from nearby terra firme (upland) hinterland into the black- and clear-water floodplain called igapo to feed on its bounty of fruits during the peak of the flood season (in the Rio Negro Basin taking place in the period June- August). At the end of the course we will discuss in what ways the Amazon rainforest could best be preserved and, if successful, be used to effectively combat global climate change. COURSE TEXT Kricher, J A Neotropical Companion, 2 nd ed., Princeton University Press. PREPARATORY READING BATES, H.W & The Naturalist on the River Amazons. John Murray, Albemarle Street, London. VAN ROOSMALEN, M.G.M Barefoot through the Amazon: On the Path of Evolution Chapter 3: Coevolution and Plant-Animal Relationships in Neotropical Rain Forest (PDF); Chapter 4: Geology, Geo- Morphology, and Hydrology of the Amazon Basin; Chapter 5: In the Footsteps of the Great Naturalists of the 19 th Century; Chapter 7: How to Save the Amazon WALLACE, A.R On the Monkeys of the Amazon. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1852: p WALLACE, A.R A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro. London: Macmillan WALLACE, A.R The Geographical Distribution of Animals. Vol. I. London: Macmillan.
3 Praia Grande ITINERARY Figure 1. Map indicating the main riverine barriers in the Amazon - blue rivers divide primate distributions up to the generic level; brown rivers divide primates up to species level. Our boat itinerary is marked purple taking us
4 from Manaus (day 1 - meeting of the waters via Lago Janauarí to Praia Grande where the Anavilhanas Archipel starts), via Novo Airão, Carvoeiro (opposite mouth of clear-water Rio Branco), Barcelos (opposite black-water Rio Aracá) to the clear-water Padauarí River. Depending on time and water level, on the way back we may enter the mouth of the Rio Aracá, and then that of the clear-water Rio Branco. This way we will sail rivers of all the major water types and hike on land/water in the following major habitat types: terra firme primary rainforest, blackwater and clear-water seasonally inundated (igapó) floodplain forest, open and closed canopy caatinga-do-rio- Negro (a type of highly impoverished wet savannah and thin savannah forest that occurs nowhere else than in the middle and upper Rio Negro Basin), and white-water seasonally inundated floodplain forest called várzea at Lago Janauarí opposite the city of Manaus and close to the meeting of the waters. Figure 2. Google images together mapping the entire summer 2012 jungletrip sailing the black-water Rio Negro from Manaus up to the poorly known clear-water Rio PadauarÍ that drains the table-mountain/tepuí Serra do Aracá. Way upriver the Padauarí are still rather authentic Yanomami Indians living from hunting spider monkeys (of a still to describe taxon I provisorily named Ateles yanomamuensis in the Ateles belzebuth Clade), black bearded sakis Chiropotes chiropotes, and black-headed red-backed black uakaris (Cacajao melanocephalus ayresi that was recently described as a new taxon by a former student of MvR - Philippe Boubli).
5 Figure 3. Distribution of Amazonian spider monkeys genus Ateles. Figure 4. Distribution of Amazonian uakaris genus Cacajao.
6 Figure 5. Distribution of Amazonian saki monkeys genus Pithecia. Figure 6. Distribution of Amazonian bearded saki monkeys genus Chiropotes.
7 Figure 7. Distribution of Amazonian squirrel monkeys genus Saimiri. Figure 8. Distribution of Amazonian Calltrichidae - tamarin monkeys genus Saguinus.
8 Figure 9. Distribution of Amazonian titi monkeys genus Callicebus.
9 Please see separate handout for details about arrival in Manaus and transfer to the boat DAY 1: After embarking at Manaus-Moderna port on the riverboat Queiroz Souz, our captain Antonio Queiroz takes us to the meeting of the waters opposite Manaus at the confluence of the black-water Rio Negro and white-water Rio Solimões (as the Amazon is called upstream from Manaus); then we will visit Lago Janauarí, a lake located opposite the city of Manaus where the várzeas (nutrient-rich white-water floodplain forest) of the Amazon River mix in with the igapós (poor-nutrient black-water inundated floodplain forest) of the Rio Negro; early August both rivers should still be rather full; if so, we will sail a short-cut (furo) that connects Lago Janauari with the south bank of the Rio Negro somewhat upstream good for birding in the afternoon spotting wildlife from the top deck; then, on the Rio Negro again, we will continue the trip upriver; late afternoon we will reach Praia Grande; we dock along a large stretch of never inundating white-sand beach fringed with fruiting cashew trees; if there is time enough left we conduct a fruit survey along the waterline picking up a variety of stranded fruits and seeds that we will try to identify later on the boat; if you like you can have a refreshing swim (watch out for stingray that forage in shallow waters); with some luck you will swim next to a few river dolphins that like your company the tucuxí (Sotalia fluviatilis) or the pink river dolphin boto-cor-de-rosa (Inia geoffrensis); watching a stunningly beautiful typical Rio Negro sunset we then have dinner with beer and caipirinha (a Brazilian-style daikiri made of sugarcane rum/ cachaça mixed with lemon, sugar and ice). Depending on the height of the Rio Negro waters, we sail up river at night.
10 DAY 2: Sailing upriver all-day long we will pass the little town of Novo Airão on the south bank and not less than one-thousand islands covered by black-water flooded forest (igapó) that make Anavilhanas the largest freshwater archipelago in the world. If flooding allows, we will make some canoe trips paddling a while in the speedboat(s) through the igapó to spot squirrel monkeys, howling monkeys and all sorts of birds that this time of the year feast on a bounty of ripe fruits that are available only during the very peak of the flood season. To break the voyage, we will stop at some small communities of caboclos or ribeirinhos, that live on both banks of the Rio Negro, to give you an idea how these people made (and sometimes still make) a sustainable living of natural resources, and interview them about the local fauna which monkeys are out there, which other mammals, birds, terrapin freshwater turtles, big cats, et cetera.
11 DAY 3: Sailing another day passing along more than a thousand islands covered with igapó forest we may reach the village of Carvoeiro built in colonial times as an outpost sitting on the south bank of the Rio Negro opposite the mouth of the clear-water Rio Branco. After a hike through the village we may have time to enter the mouth of the clear-water Rio Branco and sail a bit upriver. There, we might decide to stay overnight as sailing from now on is dangerous because of the many rocky islands and outcroppings in the middle of the river. DAY 4: If some sandy and rock islands arise we can look for Eupera mollusks and some species of shell fish that occur abundantly in this more nutrient-rich clear-water environment. Also, we can look into the riverbank forest that is higher and much more productive than igapós along black water, being fringed with munguba (Pseudobombax munguba) cotton trees, Cecropia peltata trees and some scattered giant kapok trees (Ceiba pentandra sumauma ), some of them being also typical components of várzea (seasonally white-water flooded forest). This is linked to a similar ph = 7-8 of the waters of clearwater and white-water rivers in the Amazon, in contrast to the ph of the black-water Rio Negro ranging from 3-5. If there are people living on the shore, we could do some interviewing asking the locals about the fauna that occurs along each bank of the Rio Branco; Fig. 1 shows that the Rio Branco is a strong riverine barrier for non-volant mammals that do not know how to swim, in particular primates/monkeys (see Figs. 3-9). DAY 5: Sailing upriver from Carvoeiro and mouth of Rio Branco to the town of Barcelos, the center of the far from sustainable exotic fish trade. Nice little town to have a beer, call your parents and friends, maybe the internet is working, or you may prefer a nocturnal walk through the center. We stay overnight in the port, so you have to be on board early morning as we leave at dawn.
12 DAY 6: Barcelos-Rio Padauarí sailing as far as possible upriver; in case there are a few small communities of ribeirinhos living there (there was when MvR did a biodiversity survey back in 2002) we will do interviews and hike with local guides in the terra firme forest nearby. DAY 7: Surveying the different vegetation types and habitats along the Rio Padauarí.
13 DAY 8: Survey on and along the Rio Padauarí DAY 9: Sailing back to Carvoeiro, Rio Branco or farther downstream the Rio Negro on our way back to Manaus DAY 10: Walking and swimming at Praia Grande; if time allows we might as well pay a visit to Ariaú Jungle Towers, a commercial Amazonian tourist attraction with its walkways through or above a mixture of igapó and várzea forests inhabited by re-introduced and wild squirrel, brown capuchin and red howling monkeys; late afternoon we will sail back to Manaus. DAY 11: Manaus-AM Please see separate handout for details about our time in Manaus and departure
14 Terrapin freshwater turtle Podocnemis erythrocephala, common in Rio Negro. Podocnemis expansa, tartaruga - the biggest growing side-neck freshwater turtle from the Amazon, rare in black-water rivers, common in white-water (e.g., Rio Amazonas, Rio Madeira) and clear-water rivers (e.g., Rio Aripanã, Rio Tapajós, Rio Branco, Rio Padauarí). Podocnemis unifilis, tracajá, common in black-water rivers such as the Rio Negro and Rio Aracá; also common in clear-water rivers such as the Rio Branco.
15 Podocnemis vogleri, a very rare side-neck terrapin freshwater turtle. Figure 10. Lecythis rorida tree only known from the igapós floodplain of lower Rio Negro, its indehiscent pyxidium buoyant, water-dispersed; b. Eschweilera paduariensis sp. nov., new member of Brazil-nut family of Lecythidaceae that MvR collected back in 2002 on a boat survey of the clear-water Rio Padauarí; c. Eschweilera aracaensis sp. nov., a new species of Lecythidaceae that MvR collected on a boat survey of the black-water Rio Aracá, probably dispersed by uakaris, short-tailed monkeys that are highly specialized seed predators. Except for MvR, nobody before visited or collected the flora and fauna from this clear-water river, a leftbank tributary of the black-water Rio Negro.
JAUAPERI RIVER up to XIXUAÚ RESERVE 8 days Including the Anavilhanas Archipelago and Jaú National Park
JAUAPERI RIVER up to XIXUAÚ RESERVE 8 days Including the Anavilhanas Archipelago and Jaú National Park If the Amazon had a heart, we could say it is in Jauaperi River. In its upper course, at Xixuaú Reserve,
More informationVoyage to the Heart of the Amazon. 7 Days
Voyage to the Heart of the Amazon 7 Days Voyage to the Heart of the Amazon Cruise through the untouched rainforest of the Central Amazon Ecological Corridor, the world's largest Amazon reserve. Observe
More informationIberostar Grand Hotel-Ship Amazon
Iberostar Grand Hotel-Ship Amazon MANAUS BRAZIL Grand Hotel-Ship Amazon Enjoy being a star Grand Hotel-Ship Amazon Beyond your dreams Embark on one of the most passionate adventures of your life: the
More informationJAU National Park 05 DAYS Declared by UNESCO a Natural World Heritage Site
JAU National Park 05 DAYS Declared by UNESCO a Natural World Heritage Site 1) Introduction The greatest fresh water forest park in the world still guards enigmas to be unmasked. Because it has relatively
More informationThe Amazon Experience
The Amazon Experience Anavilhanas offers a variety of tours and activities in each of its travel packages. We programmed a special package with all the essential Amazon experiences according to the number
More informationM/V MANATEE AMAZON EXPLORER 8 DAYS / 7 NIGHTS ITINERARY FRIDAY - FRIDAY
M/V MANATEE AMAZON EXPLORER 8 DAYS / 7 NIGHTS ITINERARY FRIDAY - FRIDAY EXPLORING THE AMAZON This is a journey that takes us into the endless heart of biodiversity, the Amazon Basin. Given the remote and
More informationWild Amazon Expedition Macaw Clay Lick & Sandoval Lake 5 Days / 4 Nights WTE 5/4
Wild Amazon Expedition Macaw Clay Lick & Sandoval Lake 5 Days / 4 Nights WTE 5/4 This is a new tour being offered by WASAI Lodge and Expeditions to offer a genuine rainforest wilderness experience and
More informationAMAZON FOREST Anavilhanas Archipelago, Amazonas, Brazil 4 days.
AMAZON FOREST Anavilhanas Archipelago, Amazonas, Brazil 4 days. THE EXPERIENCE Anavilhanas Lodge is a small and exclusive hotel situated in the heart of the Amazon rainforest, in Brazil. Located in front
More informationM/V MANATEE AMAZON EXPLORER 4 DAYS /3 NIGHTS ITINERARY FRIDAY - MONDAY
M/V MANATEE AMAZON EXPLORER 4 DAYS /3 NIGHTS ITINERARY FRIDAY - MONDAY EXPLORING THE AMAZON This is a journey that takes us into the endless heart of biodiversity, the Amazon Basin. Given the remote and
More informationANAVILHANAS ARCHIPELAGO 4 days
ANAVILHANAS ARCHIPELAGO 4 days 1) Introduction Sitting in the middle of the world s second largest fresh water river archipelago (Anavilhanas), lies Novo Airão, a cozy small town with several tourism attractions,
More informationINTRODUCTION ITINERARY ECUADOR - SACHA LODGE TRIP CODE ECTSSAL DEPARTURE DURATION. 4 Days LOCATIONS. Amazon - Ecuador
INTRODUCTION Imagine yourself drifting down a narrow, winding creek surrounded by a lush, endless, sea of tropical greenery; and all that separates you from the deep black Amazon waters is a canoe hand-carved
More informationnjt Iow Your personalised ebrochure call Not Just Travel Isle of Wight direct on: created: 22 October 2015
njt Iow Your personalised ebrochure Ecuador - An Amazon Adventure created: 22 October 2015 call Not Just Travel Isle of Wight direct on: 01983716727 Ecuador - An Amazon adventure The Amazon remains one
More informationTambopata Eco Lodge Programs
Tambopata Eco Lodge Programs Rainforest Experience After your flight to the jungle town of Puerto Maldonado you will be met by our staff, who will escort you during the fascinating three-hour boat trip
More informationVoyage to the Heart of the Amazon
Voyage to the Heart of the Amazon Expedition Cruising in the Greatest Wilderness on Earth Voyage to the Heart of the Amazon is different from all other cruises offered in the Amazon, it is an expedition
More informationTours Workshops Activites
The O MATO Experience 4th 14th September 001 002 003 Tours Workshops Activites 001 Tours 001 2 days; 60 ; 15 p.; 5/5; Tours Waterfall Expedition The by passing Rio Apuau has its source in the very deep
More informationCruising in Comfort and Style. Exploring the Amazon. On the
Cruising in Comfort and Style Exploring the Amazon On the Motor Yacht Tucano Cruises on The Motor Yacht Tucano are Different... What is the best way to fully experience the beauties of this extraordinary
More informationTAMBOPATA RESEARCH CENTER 7D6N Phoenix Landing Group
Itinerary TAMBOPATA RESEARCH CENTER 7D6N Phoenix Landing Group DAY 1 / 28 dic 16 Arrival & Reception by Guide Our guides are tourism professionals, or community members. Unless noted otherwise, our guides
More informationWORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION - IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION. JAÚ NATIONAL PARK (EXTENSION TO FORM THE CENTRAL AMAZON PROTECTED AREAS) (BRAZIL) ID Nº 998 Bis
WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION - IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION JAÚ NATIONAL PARK (EXTENSION TO FORM THE CENTRAL AMAZON PROTECTED AREAS) (BRAZIL) 1. DOCUMENTATION (i) IUCN/WCMC Data Sheet: (10 references) (ii) Additional
More informationAMAZON ADVENTURE 7 days
7 days Countries visited Colombia Tour Highlights Wander cosmopolitan Bogotá Fall asleep to the jungle s natural symphony Hike through virgin Amazon forest Relax on white sand beaches Meet remote Amazonian
More informationSRC 2010: JUNGLE BINGO Words
SRC 2010: JUNGLE BINGO Words B Adventure B Ape B Binoculars B Boa Constrictor B Camp B Canteen B Cougar B Danger B Ecosystem B Elephant B Forest B Guides B Habitat B Jeep B King B Knife B Madagascar B
More informationWater in the Amazon. By Heather and Georgie
Water in the Amazon By Heather and Georgie The Amazon is the world s largest tropical rainforest. The Amazon is so big that the U.K and Ireland would fit into it 17 times. The Amazon River It s length
More informationroute map
DELFIN lli 4 Night route map DAY 1 PM: - Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos. - Embarkation. - Happy Hour and orientarion. Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos: Our crew will be expecting your arrival
More informationEcuador's Amazon Exploration Private Journey
Travcoa Private Journeys are pre-designed luxury travel itineraries which are locally hosted by carefully selected guides. Each is crafted to provide the ideal in-depth experience of its various destinations
More informationExpedition to the Amazon Rainforest Southbound
Expedition to the Amazon Rainforest Southbound Manaus, Brazil - Montevideo, Uruguay Combine Amazon rainforest, tropical beaches and metropolitan city life along the Brazilian coast. Departing from Manaus,
More informationJAMES DYER EXPEDITIONS
Into the depths of the Amazon 2018 A Citizen Science Research Expedition Expedition Proposal BACKGROUND Manu National Park in Southern Peru is one of the most biodiverse wild places in the world. Just
More informationTALES OF THE CARIBBEAN: SAN BLAS
TALES OF THE CARIBBEAN: SAN BLAS PANAMA CITY, PORTOBELO, SAN BLAS, GATUN LAKE 7D/6N Suggested age: 6 years and up The Experience Our captain will follow the wind taking you to secluded and distant islands
More informationCourse Information and Application Procedures January 2013 Biology Trip to Ecuador Biology 245: Ecology of Ecuador
Course Information and Application Procedures January 2013 Biology Trip to Ecuador Biology 245: Ecology of Ecuador Instructors: Drs. Kirk Larsen and Molly McNicoll COURSE DESCRIPTION: This trip is an introduction
More informationA N A K O N D A A M A Z O N C R U I S E
A N A K O N D A A M A Z O N C R U I S E Travel on board the M/V Anakonda, the only luxury ship in the Ecuadorian Amazon Rainforest, and experience the Amazon in a most unique way! Visit the remote and
More informationCosta Rica Hiking and Wildlife Itinerary
Itinerary Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve Cloud forest hiking Around San Jose Volcano, Toucan Rescue Ranch La Amistad National Park High country forest hiking Drake Bay and Corcovado National Park Beach
More informationB R A Z I L AMAZON RAINFOREST CRUISE ABOARD THE M/Y TUCANO DURATION: SEASON: DEPARTURES: TRIP RATING:
B R A Z I L AMAZON RAINFOREST CRUISE ABOARD THE M/Y TUCANO DURATION: SEASON: DEPARTURES: TRIP RATING: 10 days / 9 nights March through December All M/Y Tucano departures are guaranteed, with a maximum
More informationAMAZON Guest Rates
2019 Guest Rates The world s green lungs have always enticed people to their alleged treasures. Explorers went in search of El Dorado, highland settlers in search of cultivable land, loggers come looking
More informationINTRODUCTION ITINERARY BRAZIL - WILD BRAZIL TRIP CODE BRTSWBR DEPARTURE
INTRODUCTION This tour is a suggested itinerary designed by our specialist team! Choose this itinerary or alter it to design your own Journey. This is our highlights tour of Brazil for wildlife lovers.
More informationFiona Reid s Wildlife Encounters Mammals of the Amazon
Fiona Reid s Wildlife Encounters Mammals of the Amazon June 15-29, 2017 Among the scenes, which are deeply impressed on my mind, none exceed in sublimity the primeval forests un-defaced by the hand of
More informationroute map
DELFIN I 4 Night route map DAY 1 PM: - Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos - Embarkation - Happy Hour and orientarion Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos: Our crew will be expecting your arrival at the
More informationAMAZON ABOARD THE ELEGANT. 10-Day Amazon Voyage
AMAZON ABOARD THE ELEGANT 10-Day Amazon Voyage NOVEMBER 8-17, 2019 AMAZON VOYAGE NOVEMBER 8-17, 2019 Lower Deck Suite Double Occupancy $5,698 Single Occupancy $7,998 Upper Deck Suite Double Occupancy $6,098
More informationroute map
DELFIN I 3 Night route map technical itinerary HOUR DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4 Summary Arrival to Iquitos, transfer to Nauta, embarkation AM: Fundo Casual PM: Amazonas Village AM: Amazon Park PM: Yanayacu
More informationWild Borneo. 11 Days
Wild Borneo 11 Days Wild Borneo The island of Borneo offers an amazing range of ecosystems, from lush rainforests to pristine beaches, and is home to a magnificent display of rare and endangered wildlife.
More informationROUTE MAP.
DELFIN lli 3 Night ROUTE MAP DAY 1 PM: - Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos. - Embarkation. - Happy Hour and orientarion. Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos: Our crew will be expecting your arrival
More informationSEVEN-NIGHT ITINERARY FLOODED SEASON (December May) Day 1: Saturday IQUITOS/AMAZON RIVER
SEVEN-NIGHT ITINERARY FLOODED SEASON (December May) Day 1: Saturday IQUITOS/AMAZON RIVER 5:00 p.m. Arrival Your guides await you, as your flight from Lima glides in for landing at Iquitos International
More informationHIGHLIGHTS: TOUR INCLUDES: +44 (0)
+44 (0)20 8741 7390 The largest country in South America, Brazil is a hypnotic mix of colonial splendour, pulsating rhythms and unsurpassed natural wonders. From the carnival atmosphere of Rio, to the
More informationINTRODUCTION ITINERARY PERU - INKATERRA RESERVA AMAZONICA TRIP CODE PETSRA5 DEPARTURE. Daily DURATION. 5 Days LOCATIONS
INTRODUCTION The Chimu Collections range consists of boutique properties, cruises & itineraries, throughout Latin America, designed for travellers seeking unique experiences. Travelling to Tambopata National
More informationEXOTIC TREASURES OF BRAZIL: JAGUAR AND WILDLIFE SAFARI
EXOTIC TREASURES OF BRAZIL: JAGUAR AND WILDLIFE SAFARI Visit us at www.wildland.com Meet Your Guide Lawrence Wahba: Brazilian native and naturalist celebrity Lawrence Wahba is an expert documentary filmmaker,
More informationITINERARY EXPEDITION TO THE AMAZON RAINFOREST (NORTHBOUND)
EXPEDITION TO THE AMAZON RAINFOREST Hurtigruten Cruises 18 DAYS / 17 NIGHTS This incredible expedition combines sensations of both tropical beaches and metropolitan city life with excursions into the Amazon
More informationINTRODUCTION ITINERARY BRAZIL - HIGHLIGHTS OF NORTHERN BRAZIL TRIP CODE BRTSHNB DEPARTURE. Daily DURATION. 10 Days LOCATIONS.
INTRODUCTION Starting in Rio De Janeiro, this tour includes many highlights of Northern to give a snapshot of this wonderful country. Explore all the sights of Rio, stay in an eco-lodge right in the Amazon
More informationAMAZON Guest Rates
2018 Guest Rates AMAZON The world s green lungs have always enticed people to their alleged treasures. Explorers went in search of El Dorado, highland settlers in search of cultivable land, loggers come
More informationroute map
DELFIN lli 3 Night route map DAY 1 PM: - Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos. - Embarkation. - Happy Hour and orientarion. Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos: Our crew will be expecting your arrival
More information2.1 What is the climate like?
José Medeiros This fact sheet allows you to see how varied the countryside is across Brazil. 2.1 What is the climate like? Most of Brazil is in the Southern Hemisphere, where the seasons are the opposite
More informationroute map
DELFIN I 4 Night route map technical itinerary HOUR Summary DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 Arrival to Iquitos, transfer to Nauta, embarkation AM: Fundo Casual PM: Nauta Caño AM: Amazon Park PM: Yanayacu Pucate DAY
More informationFeral Human Expeditions
Feral Human Expeditions Presents Peru: A Lodge Based Jungle Experience Amazonas, Peru Have you ever wanted to experience the awe inspiring Amazon jungle, but prefer not to sleep in a hammock, cook on a
More informationAMAZON Tour Operator Rates
2019 Tour Operator Rates The world s green lungs have always enticed people to their alleged treasures. Explorers went in search of El Dorado, highland settlers in search of cultivable land, loggers come
More informationPeruvian Amazon Cruise Private Journey
Travcoa Private Journeys are pre-designed luxury travel itineraries which are locally hosted by carefully selected guides. Each is crafted to provide the ideal in-depth experience of its various destinations
More informationSt. Christopher Camp and Conference Center s Outdoor education program for elementary and middle school students
St. Christopher Camp and Conference Center s Outdoor education program for elementary and middle school students Since 1980, The Barrier Island Environmental Education Program has provided thousands of
More informationWaorani Tribe Territory-Yasuni National Park-15 Days Expedition
Waorani Tribe Territory-Yasuni National Park-15 Days Expedition This expedition will take us to the most remote jungle from the Ecuadorian Amazon Region and to the most biodiverse place in the World within
More informationroute map
DELFIN I 3 Night route map DAY 1 PM: - Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos - Embarkation - Happy Hour and orientarion Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos: Our crew will be expecting your arrival at the
More informationRagular Half-Day Tour Options
Company: Womens Veterinary Summit Group: Los Sueños, Costa Rica 2018 Ragular Half-Day Tour Options ATV Tour Welcome to the best Jungle & river ATV adventure in Costa Rica, at the adventure center you will
More informationVenture into the jungle s life with a bird s eye view of the rainforest in your 3-Day Amazon Nature Discovery!
Venture into the jungle s life with a bird s eye view of the rainforest in your 3-Day Amazon Nature Discovery! Our Amazon Nature Discovery will bring you to discover the highland s ecosystem. It is thought
More informationPROGRAMMED ITINERARY 4 DAYS / 3 NIGHTS
PROGRAMMED ITINERARY 4 DAYS / 3 NIGHTS Travelling to Tambopata National Reserve offers a unique opportunity to discover a lively biodiversity of birds, mammals, reptiles and trees. Record-setting numbers
More informationRegions of Australia
The map on the following page shows some geographical regions of Australia. Specifically the regions which are shown are the following: the Great Dividing Range the Great Barrier Reef the Lake Eyre Basin
More informationBotswana Into the Wilderness. P a g e 1
Botswana Into the Wilderness P a g e 1 P a g e 2 Botswana Into the Wilderness Okavango Delta - Linyanti Concessions 7 Days / 6 Nights Date of Issue: 12 April 2018 Click here to view your Digital Itinerary
More informationAMAZING CARIBBEAN & AMAZON
LUXURY DESIGNED BY CRUISECO AMAZING CARIBBEAN & AMAZON UNIQUE FLY, CRUISE & STAY HOLIDAYS 15 November 8 December 2017 ABOARD SILVER WHISPER Cruise roundtrip from Bridgetown, Barbados, aboard the 382-guest
More informationINTRODUCTION ITINERARY COSTA RICA - CLASSIC COSTA RICA TRIP CODE CRTSHOC DEPARTURE. Daily DURATION. 11 Days LOCATIONS. Costa Rica
INTRODUCTION This tour is a suggested itinerary designed by our specialist team! Choose this itinerary or alter it to design your own Journey. This eleven day adventure takes you on a whirlwind trip through
More informationPERU, HISTORY AND NATURE Lima Amazon Cusco Sacred Valley Machu Picchu 10 Day / 09 Night
PERU, HISTORY AND NATURE Lima Amazon Cusco Sacred Valley Machu Picchu 10 Day / 09 Night Day 01: March 09th Lima Arrival in Lima, assistance and transfer to the hotel. Accommodation in Lima Meals: None
More informationAMAZON RIVER VOYAGE. in private and custom travel. Itineraries and physical difficulty are often flexible.
AMAZON RIVER VOYAGE FROM $1,990 4 & 5 DAYS LIGHT TRIP Knowmad specializes in private and custom travel. Itineraries and physical difficulty are often flexible. TRIP HIGHLIGHTS Journey deep into the Amazon
More informationfor all reservations and inquires Rua Simão Bolívar, 210 Alto da Glória Rua Rui Barbosa, 820 Suite 401
Corporate Office Regional Office for all reservations and inquires Rua Simão Bolívar, 210 Alto da Glória Rua Rui Barbosa, 820 Suite 401 Curitiba, PR 80030-260 - Brazil Foz do Iguaçu, PR 85851-170 - Brazil
More information4-NIGHT ITINERARY ABOARD THE M/V ANAKONDA AMAZON CRUISE WEDNESDAY SUNDAY
4-NIGHT ITINERARY ABOARD THE M/V ANAKONDA AMAZON CRUISE WEDNESDAY SUNDAY EXPLORING THE AMAZON This is a journey that takes us into the endless heart of biodiversity, which extends its fabulous prism of
More information7-NIGHT ITINERARY ABOARD THE M/V ANAKONDA AMAZON CRUISE
7-NIGHT ITINERARY ABOARD THE M/V ANAKONDA AMAZON CRUISE EXPLORING THE AMAZON This is a journey that takes us into the endless heart of biodiversity, which extends its fabulous prism of life throughout
More informationITINERARY: November 2, Saturday - States - Lima. November 3, Sunday - Day 1 - Lima - Iquitos - Explorama Lodge
Dante Fenolio, Tom Crutchfield and Bill Lamar. Most folks know of one, or another, or perhaps all three, but to have them together on the same trip is an unheard of opportunity! These guys have a combined
More informationBrazil Breathtaking landscapes and location, nestled between steep, green mountains and crystal clear seas
Brazil Breathtaking landscapes and location, nestled between steep, green mountains and crystal clear seas Brazil Rio de Janeiro is world renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and location, nestled
More informationROUTE MAP.
DELFIN I 4 Night ROUTE MAP DAY 1 PM: - Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos - Embarkation - Happy Hour and orientarion Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos: Our crew will be expecting your arrival at the
More informationRESERVA AMAZÓNICA INKATERRA 3 Days 2 Nights
RESERVA AMAZÓNICA INKATERRA 3 Days 2 Nights Travelling to Tambopata National Reserve offers a rare opportunity to discover a lively biodiversity of birds, mammals, reptiles, insects and trees. Record-setting
More informationINTRODUCTION PERU - REFUGIO AMAZONAS TRIP CODE PETSRO4 DEPARTURE. Daily DURATION. 4 Days LOCATIONS. Peru
INTRODUCTION This tour is a suggested itinerary designed by our specialist team! Choose this itinerary or alter it to design your own Journey. Refugio Amazonas is a 32-bedroom lodge four hours from Puerto
More informationROUTE MAP.
DELFIN lil 6 Night ROUTE MAP DAY 1 PM: - Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos. - Embarkation. - Happy Hour and orientarion. Arrive to the Amazon city of Iquitos: Our crew will be expecting your arrival
More informationHIGHLIGHTS: TOUR INCLUDES:
1-877-725-6674 The largest country in South America, Brazil is a hypnotic mix of colonial splendour, pulsating rhythms and unsurpassed natural wonders. From the carnival atmosphere of Rio, to the wildlife
More informationRIO, OURO PRETO AND BRAZIL AMAZON TOUR Combine colonial UNESCO sites with Adventures in the Amazon Rainforest
RIO, OURO PRETO AND BRAZIL AMAZON TOUR Combine colonial UNESCO sites with Adventures in the Amazon Rainforest 13 DAYS / 12 NIGHTS The Rio de Janeiro, Ouro Preto, and Amazon Rainforest tour is a 13-day
More informationPROPOSAL III. The Rainforest Puerto Maldonado
PROPOSAL III The Rainforest Puerto Maldonado DETAILED ITINERARY APRIL 2019 DAY 01 LIMA / PUERTO MALDONADO Transfer to the airport for your domestic flight. SUGGESTED FLIGHT: LA 2075 09:53 13:05 TRAIL SYSTEM
More informationThailand Family Adventure. 7 Days
Thailand Family Adventure 7 Days Thailand Family Adventure Dreaming of a Thailand vacation filled with activities and adventure for the whole family? Pack up the kids and join MT Sobek in the Land of Smiles
More informationRomantic Getaway in Costa Rica 6 Days / 5 Nights
Romantic Getaway in Costa Rica 6 Days / 5 Nights ITINERARY OVERVIEW Day 1: Arrival to San Jose & private transfer to San Ramon Cloud Forest area. Day 2: Private Cloud Forest Nature Walk. Day 3: Private
More informationPrey in the amazon rainforest Nude girls on stickam 10 saal ladki ki xxx Latest news iraqi dinar revaluation
Prey in the amazon rainforest Nude girls on stickam 10 saal ladki ki xxx Latest news iraqi dinar revaluation 30-1-2018 Amazon unveiled the newest addition to its Seattle campus today three glass and concrete
More informationroute map
DELFIN li 3 Night route map technical itinerary HOUR DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4 Summary Arrival to Iquitos, transfer to Nauta, embarkation AM: Belluda Cano Creek PM: Dorado River AM: Clavero Lake PM: Yarapa
More informationENCOUNTER THE AMAZON - MAY 17th-19th
ENCOUNTER THE AMAZON - MAY 17th-19th The Amazon is the world s largest and densest rainforest with the most diverse fauna and flora found in any other jungle. On this tour, you will spend your days hiking
More informationDREAMS LAS MAREAS. Playa El Jobo, La Cruz. Guanacaste - Costa Rica TOURS & ACTIVITIES 2017
DREAMS LAS MAREAS Playa El Jobo, La Cruz Guanacaste - Costa Rica TOURS & ACTIVITIES 2017 FRIDAY APRIL 21, 2017 SUNDAY APRIL 23, 2017 Only a few minutes away, excitement and a unique perspective await.
More informationEnglish. Experience the heart of the. Amazon. Where authenticity remains.
English Experience the heart of the Amazon Where authenticity remains www.junglexperiences.com EMBARK ON AN ENDLESS JOURNEY The magic of the Peruvian Amazon is in its immensity. Its nature, biodiversity,
More informationTREASURE OF COSTA RICA AND PANAMA OPTIONAL EXCURSIONS
TREASURE OF COSTA RICA AND PANAMA 2016-7 OPTIONAL EXCURSIONS CURU - NICOYA PENINSULA - COSTA RICA - CR1. CURU NATURE RESERVE By zodiacs and foot Duration: about 2.5 hours Note: Wet landing Min participants:
More informationorangutanvoyage.com 8 Days 7 Nights Tour Tanjung Puting National Park Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Tanjung Puting National Park Central Kalimantan, Indonesia +62 813 4920 5251 info@orangutanvoyage.com fb.com/orangutanvoyage orangutanvoyage Recommended on: 8 Days 7 Nights Tour orangutanvoyage.com DAY
More informationGALAPAGOS ESSENTIAL WILDLIFE DISCOVERY 5 DAYS
Effort: Easy to Moderate. No experience required. Activities: Wildlife interaction, hiking, snorkeling, kayaking, swimming, and relaxing on the beach. Explore and enjoy the Galapagos like few can. Hike,
More informationSANI LODGE Aug 24 to 28 th, days / 4 nights
SANI LODGE Aug 24 to 28 th, 2020 5 days / 4 nights Room type: Double or Twin US$ 1.672 per person Single US$ 1.952 Booking Deadline Deposit: MAY 17, 2019 US$ 700 per person Full payment is required: MAY
More informationCosta Rica Natural Paradise 9 Days from $1195
1 800 422 3727 Costa Rica Natural Paradise 9 Days from $1195 Day 1 San José, Costa Rica Welcome to the rich coast, friendly land of democracy and rare natural beauty. With naturalist guides, see exotic
More informationBrazil Today The Amazon River and Basin
Non-fiction: Brazil Today The Amazon River and Basin Brazil Today The Amazon River and Basin Deep within the Andes Mountains of northern Peru, two rivers flow together. Their junction forms one of the
More informationThe Jungle Lodge Hotel in the Amazon
The Jungle Lodge Hotel in the Amazon Description Amazon Jungle hotel for sale providing an exotic and unique property with over 250 acres of Amazon Forest. Location: County Guajará Mirim, Rondônia (320
More informationDrop your anchor in the
Drop your anchor in the SEYCHELLES From mangrove and ancient rain forests to wild life retreats and colonial plantations, allow yourself to be taken away by The Seychelles. CRUISES IN THE GARDEN OF EDEN
More informationDiscover. Take a seat in the front row, watching the theatre of mother nature unfold. IGUAZÚ ENJOY THE EXPERIENCE
Discover IGUAZÚ ENJOY THE EXPERIENCE Take a seat in the front row, watching the theatre of mother nature unfold. ARGENTINA, SOUTH AMERICA Iguazú WELCOME Please don t forget to bring the following items
More informationtravel the amazon river brazil tour the tropical rainforest easily economically during fifa soccer world cup 2014
DOWNLOAD OR READ : TRAVEL THE AMAZON RIVER BRAZIL TOUR THE TROPICAL RAINFOREST EASILY ECONOMICALLY DURING FIFA SOCCER WORLD CUP 2014 PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 fifa soccer world cup 2014 travel
More informationOne of the most valued environmental destinations approximately 25% of the country has protected forests and reserves
One of the most valued environmental destinations approximately 25% of the country has protected forests and reserves Slightly smaller than Lake Michigan, this country is bordered by the Pacific Ocean
More informationTHE CARIBBEAN SIDE OF PORTOBELO AND THE CHAGRES RIVER
THE CARIBBEAN SIDE OF PORTOBELO AND THE CHAGRES RIVER PORTOBELO, CHAGRES RIVER, SAN LORENZO FORT, MONKEY S TRAIL 4D/3N Suggested age: 6 years and up The Experience Set sail from the Portobelo Bay, revel
More informationQUIZ TIME! The Dreaded E-word... So where were we? 2/18/11. Dr. Ben Waggoner BIOL 1400
QUIZ TIME! The Dreaded E-word... Dr. Ben Waggoner BIOL 1400 1. Plants that can conduct water from the soil to all parts of the plant are called. 2. Write down two examples of connective tissue in your
More informationA&K SERVICES ASSISTANCE, TRANSFERS & EXCURSIONS
BRAZIL A&K SERVICES ASSISTANCE, TRANSFERS & EXCURSIONS PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT THE BEST & SAFEST VEHICLES AVAILABLE EXCURSIONS & ACTIVITIES TAILOR MADE JOURNEYS Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Once the capital
More informationManu Cloud Forest Walkway at Wayqecha. Brand Book
Manu Cloud Forest Walkway at Wayqecha Brand Book 1 Contents Who We Are/What We Do 3 Why the Cloud Forest is important 4 How we are different 5 Audience 6 Brand Promise/Values/Personality 7 Logo Sketches
More informationYou can learn more about the trail camera project and help identify animals at WildCam Gorongosa (
INTRODUCTION Gorongosa National Park is a 1,570-square-mile protected area in Mozambique. After several decades of war devastated Gorongosa s wildlife populations, park scientists and conservation managers
More informationCosta Rica. Photo Tour. Costa Rica Photo Tour
presents Costa Rica Photo Tour All trails lead to waterfalls, misty crater lakes, rain forest jungles, tree topped cloud forests & towering volcanos. Costa Rica is one of the smallest countries in Central
More informationHuaorani Photographic Safari
Huaorani Photographic Safari This is an opportunity to escape from the mainstream and join us on an exciting adventure to experience tropical wildlife at its best! With our Photopraphic Safari you will
More information