Mexican Politics during the 19 th Century

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1 Topics Review Mexican-American War War of the Reforma French Intervention & the 2 nd Mexican Empire Porfiriato Exam 2 Nov. 5 Thursday 1

2 Mexican Politics during the 19 th Century Overall instability Military dominated politics: (50 presidents) 1821 Iturbide Empire: Constitutional Monarchy Federalist Republic: Constitution Centralist Republic: new Constitution called Siete Leyes Federalist Republic nd Empire Restored Republic Foreign Invasions 2

3 Topics Mexican-American War

4 The Texas Republic Lone Star Republic Admitted as a state of the United States in 1845 as a slave state Rio Grande as border 4

5 5

6 American Progress 1872 The Removal of the Native Americans to the West,

7 California Hide-Tallow Trade Mexican Economy U.S. Economy New Mexico Santa Fe Trade Texas Austin Colony 7

8 Causes of Mexican-American War Texas border dispute Annexation of Texas U.S. Expansionist policy Thornton Affair (immediate cause) 8

9 Events leading to the war with Mexico 1844 Election of James Polk 1845 November Slidell Mission 1845 December Texas enters the Union Thornton Affair 1846 May Polk informs Congress that Mexico has shed American blood on American soil. Congress declares war 9

10 Mexican-American War

11 Battle of Old Woman s Gun (Oct. 1846) Capitulation of Cahuenga January 13,

12 12

13 Saint Patrick s Battalion in Mexican Army John O Reilly Made up of Irish and other Europeans m/watch?v=n5kh6vb8 dfi 13

14 Battle of Los Niños Heroes Juan Escutia Story is popularized in the early 20 th Century Chapultepec 14

15 Battle of Chapultepec Sept.13,

16 Revolt of Los Polkos Mexico City Feb.26-Mar 23, 1847 govt. legislation was to take $15 million pesos of church property Santa Anna sends troops to Mexico City to crush revolt & later goes to Mexico City 16

17 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Peace treaty signed February 2, 1848 in the Guadalupe Hidalgo Ended the Mexican-American War. Recognizes Rio Grande as the border with Texas Mexico ceded 55% of its territory for $15 million and 3.25 million claims of U.S. citizens. 2 Views of Treaty Economic subordination Treaty of Recovery 17

18 Caste War in Yucatan Govt. change to centralist Increase taxation Mayas called to end discrimination Race war British support 18

19 Santa Anna in office Conservative Jesuits Return Banishes liberal governors 1853 National Anthem Gadsden Purchase or La Venta de la Mesilla 19

20 William Walker Nicaragua foreign intervention

21 Plan de Ayutla 1854 Liberal revolt The end of the Age of Santa Anna Benito Juarez Melchor Ocampo 21

22 Liberalism political struggle Supporters Moderados: work with Church Puros: anti-clerical Conservatism Supporters 22

23 Period of the Reforma ( ) Ley Ocampo: prohibits clergy from voting Ley Juarez: abolishes fueros Ley Lerdo: prohibits the church from owning property & ejidos Ley Iglesias (Church): ban on fees 1857 Constitution EXAMPLES Family Search.org 23

24 War of the Reforma ( ) 24

25 1861 Juarez Administration 2 year moratorium on Mexico s foreign debt Convention of London English, Spanish, French agreement to take over custom house in Veracruz Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (III) 25

26 French Intervention

27 May , Battle of Puebla 4000 troops Ignacio Zaragoza Porfirio Diaz 6000 troops Charles Latrille 27

28 28

29 French Intervention French 30,000 29

30 2 nd Mexican Empire Emperor Maximilian Von Hapsburg Marie Charlotte Archbishop Pelagio Antonio de Labastida Juan Almonte (Morelos son) Plebiscite Convention of Miramar: increases Mexico s debt 30

31 Emperor Maximilian Von Hapsburg Marie Charlotte Carlota Liberal political views 1865 Maximilian signs decree of death for captured Juaristas 31

32 1867 Execution of Maximilian cerro de las campanas, Querétaro m/watch?v=8oimklecl Rw&feature=related 32

33 Adiós Mamá Carlota - Intervención Francesa Adiós Mamá Carlota - Intervención Francesa - Segundo Imperio Mexicano.htm Banda music Banda Jerez 33

34 Late 19 th century Mexican Society French influence on Mexican Culture Culinary: pan frances, bolillo Language: French language of the elite, mariachi? Camión Mexico City, Calzada de la Emperatirz, Paseo de la Reforma, imposing boulevard 34

35 35

36 Benito Juarez Among individuals, as among nations, peace is the respect of others rights. President Economy Education Marcha de Zaragoza 36

37 Gabino Barreda Introduced positivism to Mexico 1867 speech coined Mexico slogan Liberty, Order, and Progress 1868 Escuela Nacional Preparatoria 37

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