Monarch misconceptions?
|
|
- Barrie Thornton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Monarch misconceptions? An entomological assessment of a popular press news article. BIO 3323 Dr. Jon Houseman February 9 th 2004 University of Ottawa
2
3 In the article Butterflies face climate threat, Julianna Kettlewell from BBC News Online reports that monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) may lose their current habitat throughout the winter within 50 years due to increased rainfall. This article was analyzed from a scientific perspective by examining the facts presented and comparing them with the results and discussions published in several scholarly periodicals in order to check the validity of the news story. The Monarch s overwintering cycle The article briefly mentions that monarchs have a complex life cycle because of their great feat of travelling enormous distances during migration. In North America there are two populations of monarchs; one breeds in the east and migrates to central Mexico, the other breeds in the west and migrates to California s coasts (Kane 1999). Monarchs migrate to small sites in the Transverse Neovolcanic Belt of the Oyamel forests in central Mexico; however, only the eastern North American monarch butterflies migrate to this location (Hartzler 2000). The author fails to discuss the western monarchs that migrate to California and misdirects the reader into believing that all monarchs migrate from the Rocky Mountains to central Mexico. The Monarch s feeding Kettlewell states that Monarchs from North America feed on milkweed during the summer [and] in the winter they must migrate to somewhere cool enough to keep their metabolism low because there is no milkweed for them to
4 eat (Kettlewell 2003). This implies that only North American Monarch butterflies eat milkweed and misleads the reader into thinking that adult monarchs feed on it. Larval monarchs feed solely on many Asclepias species such as common milkweed, whereas adults feed on a variety of flower nectar (Hartzler 2000). Due to the lack of nectar sources in the winter, in order to survive, monarchs have a thermoregulatory behaviour that involves resting, basking, shivering, and flying to water which requires at total of 90 days of lipid reserves (Masters 1988). The cool, high mountain, Mexican forests; therefore, provide sufficient conditions for monarchs to live off the conserved lipids (Masters 1988). The Monarch s migration How do Monarch butterflies navigate? The article is correct in stating that Monarch butterflies navigate south not only by using the Sun. Monarch butterflies use the Sun on clear days as a compass by directional orientation (Perez 1997) as well as using polarized light to aid in navigation; however, on overcast days Monarch butterflies still puzzlingly orient south during autumn migration (Perez 1999). A sun compass; therefore, is only answer part of the answer. Monarch butterflies must have some other mechanism of orientation such as a geomagnetic compass when the sun is completely absent (Perez 1997). Experimentation of the butterflies sensitivity to the sun has been conducted by Perez by looking at the flight patterns of subjects exposed to a strong magnetic field and comparing with a control. The treated butterflies
5 were completely disoriented by the magnetic field and the control group maintained their southwest destination. This was the first study that demonstrated that magnetic field perception was incorporated into the navigation system of the Monarch butterfly. One theory of this is the use of magnetite particles present in the butterfly s thorax which acts as compass needles that are deflected by the earth s magnetic field (Perez 1999). However, there is no evidence to support this during migratory flight. More recent experiments involving a flight simulator have led to another theory that monarch butterflies use their circadian clocks as a time-compensated sun compass for orientation (Mouritsen 2002). The Monarch s mishaps The article states that increased rainfall in the Oyamel forests of Mexico will affect the survival of the butterflies due to the chance of freezing to death. Body temperatures below -2 C start to kill monarchs and 50% die at -7.8 C; however, monarchs have adapted two shivering mechanisms associated with crawling and flying before such temperatures are reached (Masters 1988). Slow crawling and shivering occur between C where the shivering warms the leg muscles which reduce the risks of freezing by allowing them to crawl off the ground onto vertical surfaces (Masters 1988). Monarchs that have moisture frozen from the rain on their exoskeleton have a greater risk of freezing because the ice crystals can penetrate the cuticle and cause internal freezing due to the amount of wetness as well as the low extreme temperature (Calvert
6 1983). With this in mind, there is confusion when reading the article because the author states that the temperatures of the forests will remain relatively constant over a span of 50 years but monarchs will not be able to endure the rain because it increases the probability of freezing to death. This is extremely ambiguous because the moisture from the rain cannot freeze unless temperatures are below zero. The high altitudes (3000 m) of the forests usually stay above freezing temperatures all winter (Layberry 1998). The article also mentions that the monarch butterflies form enormous clusters on the trunks of the fir trees of the Oyamel forests; however, the article does not mention that the massive colonies actually serve a purpose of acting as a heat blanket and umbrella for shielding against freezing and wetting (Anderson & Brower 1996). Improvement on the news story The news story has provided the reader with several facts about D. plexippus which are indeed true and fascinating but its primary focus of the monarchs habitat loss due only to rainfall increases is rather finicky to a scientist. The only statement the article conveys is that wet increases their chances of freezing to death (Kettlewell 2003). No other explanation is given throughout. The author therefore provides weak support and should have given better explanations as to why increased rainfall would cause monarch butterflies to lose their winter habitat within 50 years. The author however does give the reader a good sense of the monarch s requirements in the winter due to their frost intolerance and restricted winter locations and ends with some notable
7 issues concerning the deforestation of these habitats for agriculture use. This is an effective means to promote awareness to the public that it is not only Mother Nature imposing on the monarch.
8 References Anderson, JB, Brower LP Freeze-protection of overwintering monarch butterflies in Mexico: critical role of the forest as a blanket and an umbrella. Ecological Entomology 21: Calvert, William H, Willow Suchowski, Lincoln P Brower The Effect of Rain, Snow and Freezing Temperatures on Overwintering Monarch Butterflies in Mexico. Biotropica 15: Hartzler Robert G, Douglas D Buhler Occurrence of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) in cropland and adjacent areas. Crop Protection 19: Kane, E "Danaus plexippus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 4 February 2004 at < us_plexippus.html> Kettlewell, Julianna. Butterflies face climate threat. BBC News 10 November Accessed 18 January 2004 at < Layberry, Ross A, Peter W Hall, and J Donald Lafontaine The Butterflies of Canada University of Toronto Press. Accessed 5 February 2004 at < Masters, Alan R, Stephen B Malcolm, Lincoln P Brower Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Thermoregulatory Behavior and Adaptations for Overwintering in Mexico. Ecology 69: Mouritsen, Henrik, Barry J Frost Virtual migration in tethered flying monarch butterflies reveal their orientation mechanisms. PNAS 99: Perez, Sandra M, Orley R Taylor, Rudolf Jander The Effect of a Strong Magenetic Field on Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) Migratory Behavior. Naturwissenschaften 86: Perez, Sandra M, Orley R Taylor, Rudolf Jander A Sun compass in monarch butterflies. Nature 387: 29.
March of the Monarchs: The Migration Habits and Mechanics of the Monarch Butterfly
March of the Monarchs: The Migration Habits and Mechanics of the Monarch Butterfly Bryan Quarker Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 80521 aking2rule@yahoo.com Abstract Monarch Butterflies undertake
More informationSaving the Monarch Butterfly
Saving the Monarch Butterfly Lauren Bennett September 2018 The migration of Monarch Butterflies is so spectacular that it attracts international tourism to regions of the U.S., Canada and Mexico every
More informationGlobal Warming in New Zealand
Reading Practice Global Warming in New Zealand For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting warmer. As the nearest country of South Polar Region, New Zealand has maintained an upward trend
More informationVoices of Mexico /July September, The monarch butterfly in the paintings of Carmen Parra
Voices of Mexico /July September, 1995 87 The monarch butterfly in the paintings of Carmen Parra 88 VOiCes of MexiCO /July September, 1995 The monarch butterfly The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus
More informationJOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY. Volume Number 3
JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY Volume 30 1976 Number 3 THE OVERWINTERING SITE OF THE EASTERN POPULATION OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY (DANAUS P. PLEXIPPUS; DANAIDAE) IN SOUTHERN MEXICO F. A. URQUHART
More informationGR. 2 WILD ABOUT WINTER TEACHERS PACKAGE. Bringing Winter to your Classroom
GR. 2 WILD ABOUT WINTER TEACHERS PACKAGE Bringing Winter to your Classroom Introduction. Program at a Glance. Program Outlines. Grade 1 Curriculum Topics Specific Learner Expectations. Cross-Curricular
More informationMigratory Monarch Butterfly Mechanisms. Abstract. Annual mass migration of monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus, to and from
Jemma Bauer Review BSPM 507 Migratory Monarch Butterfly Mechanisms Abstract Annual mass migration of monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus, to and from wintering locations, has long been an awe-inspiring
More informationSo far, you have looked at grasslands and three different
Chapter Seven: Page 54 So far, you have looked at grasslands and three different types of forests: deciduous, coniferous and tropical rain forests. Now you will study two more biomes: and ( tun-dur-ah
More informationCountries Of The World: Mexico
Countries Of The World: Mexico By National Geographic Kids, adapted by Newsela staff on 06.07.18 Word Count 638 Level 800L Image 1: The pyramids of Guachimontones in Jalisco, Mexico. Mexico is a country
More informationKINGDOM OF THE MONARCHS. February 25 March 2, 2018
KINGDOM OF THE MONARCHS February 25 March 2, 2018 As a Partner in Conservation, you re invited on an exclusive adventure to explore WWF s work to protect the monarch butterfly, a beautiful illustration
More informationHow Glaciers Change the World By ReadWorks
How Glaciers Change the World How Glaciers Change the World By ReadWorks Glaciers are large masses of ice that can be found in either the oceans or on land. These large bodies of frozen water have big
More informationAPPENDIX E GLACIERS AND POLAR ICE CAPS
APPENDIX E GLACIERS AND POLAR ICE CAPS GLACIERS The dictionary defines a glacier as a large mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate at which the
More informationTypical avalanche problems
Typical avalanche problems The European Avalanche Warning Services (EAWS) describes five typical avalanche problems or situations as they occur in avalanche terrain. The Utah Avalanche Center (UAC) has
More informationColorado Life Zone Scavenger Hunt
Colorado Life Zone Scavenger Hunt Below are worksheets created for all the habitats or life zones. They were designed with the intention of breaking the class up into small groups, and having students
More informationLatin America. Introduction
Latin America Introduction What are the 5 Themes of Geography? Draw lines to connect the theme to the definition: Location How humans and the environment impact each other Physical and human characteristics
More informationCHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
The business of the tourism and travel industry is essentially the renting out, for short-term lets, of other people s environments, whether that is a coastline, a city, a mountain range or a rainforest.
More informationTerrestrial Protected Area Nomination: Central Mangrove Wetland South-West, Grand Cayman
Terrestrial Protected Area Nomination: Central Mangrove Wetland South-West, Grand Cayman The attached nomination, proposing that a parcel of land in the Central Mangrove Wetland be made a Protected Area
More informationThe Roots of Carrying Capacity
1 Applying Carrying Capacity Concepts in Wilderness 1872 1964...shall be preserved for the use & enjoyment of the American people...in such manner as will leave them unimpaired for future generations...
More informationApplying Carrying Capacity Concepts in Wilderness
Applying Carrying Capacity Concepts in Wilderness...shall be preserved for the use & enjoyment of the American people...in such manner as will leave them unimpaired for future generations... CSS 490 Professor
More informationARCTIC TUNDRA ELLA SABO, KINSEY SPERLING, GRACE ZOLKOWSKI
ARCTIC TUNDRA ELLA SABO, KINSEY SPERLING, GRACE ZOLKOWSKI ARCTIC TUNDRA LOCATIONS The areas highlighted in blue are the areas where the biome is. Notice these areas are pretty far away from the equator,
More informationShould tourists go to Antarctica?
ENGLISH CONVERSATION Should tourists go to Antarctica? http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-150212 Hello, I'm. Welcome to 6 Minute English. With me in the studio is.
More informationBrazil Otter Sanctuary and Conservation
Brazil Otter Sanctuary and Conservation Gain hands on conservation experience as you help to care for and protect Brazil's Neotropical Otter. Officially known as the Federative Republic of Brazil (República
More informationLesson 5: Ice in Action
Everest Education Expedition Curriculum Lesson 5: Ice in Action Created by Montana State University Extended University and Montana NSF EPSCoR http://www.montana.edu/everest Lesson Overview: Explore glaciers
More informationDid It. naturalists. Young. Moving and melting ice shaped many of Minnesota s land features. 30 Minnesota Conservation Volunteer
Young naturalists by Mary Hoff Photography by Gary Alan Nelson T he Glacier Did It Moving and melting ice shaped many of Minnesota s land features. Shut your eyes. Imagine that it s a sunny summer day
More informationCentral Coast Monarch Butterfly Project Report
i Central Coast Monarch Butterfly Project Report Ventana Wilderness Society s Big Sur Ornithology Lab Winter 2001-2002 By (in alphabetical order): Sarah L. Hamilton, John F. Matusik, Maria Mayrhofer, Jason
More informationEXPLORING BIOMES IN GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK
EXPLORING BIOMES IN GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK ABOUT THIS WORKSHEET This worksheet complements the Click and Learn Gorongosa National Park Interactive Map (http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/gorongosa-national-park-interactive-map),
More informationObserving Subtleties: Traditional Knowledge and Optimal Water Management of Lake St. Martin
Observing Subtleties: Traditional Knowledge and Optimal Water Management of Lake St. Martin Myrle Traverse and Richard Baydack Abstract Lake St. Martin First Nation is an Anishinaabe community situated
More informationFor Creative Minds. Glaciers
For Creative Minds The For Creative Minds educational section may be photocopied or printed from our website by the owner of this book for educational, non-commercial uses. Cross-curricular teaching activities,
More informationHaslingden High School Geography Department HOMEWORK BOOKLET Year 8 Block A Level 2-4
Haslingden High School Geography Department HOMEWORK BOOKLET Year 8 Block A Level 2-4 Name: Form: Subject Teacher: Date Given: Date to Hand in: Level: Effort: House Points: Comment: Target: Parent / Guardian
More informationQuestions and Answers related to Caribou and the Winter Road
Updated December 18, 2009 Questions and Answers related to Caribou and the Winter Road Question: Does the operation of the winter road have an effect on the Bathurst Caribou Herd? Answer: Commercial use
More informationSquirrel Gliders: The Emblem of Informed Sustainability and Better Land Management
Squirrel Gliders: The Emblem of Informed Sustainability and Better Land Management Ella Corbett, Kira Dawson, Britney Olsson, Zoe Trebilcock, Alan Sandstorm and Melissa Smith Trinity College, Albury-Wodonga
More informationYou can learn more about the trail camera project and help identify animals at WildCam Gorongosa (
INTRODUCTION Gorongosa National Park is a 1,570-square-mile protected area in Mozambique. After several decades of war devastated Gorongosa s wildlife populations, park scientists and conservation managers
More informationWingsuit Design and Basic Aerodynamics 2
WINGSUIT DESIGN AND BASIC AERODYNAMICS 2 In this article I would like to expand on the basic aerodynamics principles I covered in my first article (Wingsuit Flying Aerodynamics 1) and to explain the challenges
More informationENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS OF AVALANCHES: PRELIMINARY RESEARCH IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS OF AVALANCHES: PRELIMINARY RESEARCH IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK Site Focus: Balu Pass, Glacier National Park, B.C. Avalanche path near Balu Pass. (Photo Courtesy of: www.leelau.net/2007/rogerspass/day1/1)
More informationSection A (5 marks) Text 1. Study the poster below and answer Questions 1 3.
1 Section A (5 marks) Text 1 Study the poster below and answer Questions 1 3. WWW.SAVETHETIGER.COM 2 Refer to the poster (Text 1) for Questions 1 3. 1. What is the purpose of this poster? Explain your
More informationChapter 7 Snow and ice
Chapter 7 Snow and ice Throughout the solar system there are different types of large ice bodies, not only water ice but also ice made up of ammonia, carbon dioxide and other substances that are gases
More informationì<(sk$m)=beicea< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Fascinating Facts The Nile River in Egypt is the world s longest river, but the Amazon River in Brazil moves the most water. The world s largest freshwater lake is Lake Baikal in Russia. The highest temperature
More informationUNIT 5 AFRICA PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY SG 1 - PART II
UNIT 5 AFRICA PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY SG 1 - PART II III. CLIMATE & VEGETATION A. The four main climate zones are tropical wet, tropical wet/dry (split into monsoon & savanna), semiarid, and arid. Other climate
More informationHOW TO SURVIVE WHEN LOST IN THE DESERT
HOW TO SURVIVE WHEN LOST IN THE DESERT Do not panic, especially if people know where you are and when you are scheduled to return. If you have a vehicle, stay with it do not wander! If you are on foot,
More informationBIRD STRIKES AND THE AIR FORCE
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Bird Control Seminars Proceedings Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for November 1976 BIRD STRIKES AND THE AIR
More informationWhy do leaves change color in the fall?
A publication of the Sac County Conservation Board To initiate awareness and foster stewardship of nature s rewards. Newsletter Line Up 2.Fact Files 2.Director s Notes 3.Upcoming Events 4.Kid s Korner
More informationUPDATE ON CENTRAL KALAHARI GAME RESERVE BLUE WILDEBEEST STUDY
UPDATE ON CENTRAL KALAHARI GAME RESERVE BLUE WILDEBEEST STUDY Moses Selebatso 2 Brief Introduction The CKGR wildebeest study is part of the CKGR Predator Prey Project which aims at developing an understanding
More informationTRAILS WHERE TO FIND TRAILS IN NOVA SCOTIA
TRAILs SIGNAGE Know the Signs............................ 44 WHERE YOU CAN RIDE Roads and Highways........................ 46 Designated Trails........................... 47 Established Trails...........................
More informationSnow Way by Beth Geiger
6 th Grade ELA SAMPLES OF STANDARDS STUDENTS ARE LEARNING THIS NINE WEEKS: STANDARDS: RI.6.2, RI.6.3, RI.6.5, RI.6.8, W.6.2 Snow Way by Beth Geiger Where will you find the world s best spot for stargazing?
More informationMonarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) 1
EENY-442 Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) 1 Andrei Sourakov 2 Introduction The monarchs, Danaus plexippus Linnaeus, are among the best known of the world
More informationTerrestrial Protected Area Nomination: Hemmington Forest, Cayman Brac Central
Terrestrial Protected Area Nomination: Hemmington Forest, Cayman Brac Central Initial discussions with major landowners in the Hemmington Forest area have indicated that a nomination to protect some or
More informationHelping Agritourism Visitors Learn During Their Visits 1
AEC645 1 Kathryn Stofer and Joy N. Rumble 2 Agritourism is a growing industry in Florida, combining the state s assets in tourism and agriculture to provide a learning and entertainment opportunity for
More informationSELF-ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST
Tourism and Mountains A Practical Guide to Managing the Environmental and Social Impacts of Mountain Tours Using this Self-Assessment Checklist This checklist has been developed to help mountain-based
More informationChapter 21: EAST AFRICA
Chapter 21: EAST AFRICA Physical Geography of East Africa Landforms East Africa is a diverse landscape of different plains, volcanic mountains, and plateaus cut by a large valley and marked by many rivers
More informationCountries Of The World: Mexico
Countries Of The World: Mexico By National Geographic Kids, adapted by Newsela staff on 06.07.18 Word Count 659 Level MAX Image 1: The pyramids of Guachimontones in Jalisco, Mexico. Mexico is a country
More informationTo complement this exercise book and learn more about expeditions please visit our ETETeachers website and see our supporting resources.
1 2 Expedition life In this exercise book we will be investigating what life is like on a Polar Expedition. Antony Jinman is a polar explorer, who has many year s worth of experience that he has compiled
More informationLast Chance Tourism. Risks and opportunities of an emerging market
Last Chance Tourism Risks and opportunities of an emerging market Jackie Dawson, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Guelph Co-authors: Harvey Lemelin (Lakehead), Emma Stewart (Lincoln) TTRA Conference,
More informationMap & Compass so easy a caveman can do it!
Map & Compass so easy a caveman can do it! Compass Basics Opening Comments Terms of a compass Boxing a needle Get a bearing (you to a point) Get a bearing (a point to you) Orienting a map Get a bearing
More informationRemote and magical The Antarctic plateau
Remote and magical The Antarctic plateau The voice of adventure is calling you Antarctica awaits. Introducing a unique opportunity to be part of a driving expedition across Antarctica Nov/Dec 2016 Up until
More informationRTM 151C Winter Mountaineering (2 units) Department of Recreation and Tourism Management California State University Northridge
RTM 151C Winter Mountaineering (2 units) Department of Recreation and Tourism Management California State University Northridge Spring 2017 Redwood Hall 151 Sat. 9:00-10:40 Class Meetings on Jan 21 plus
More informationAnimals and Adaptations
Animals and Adaptations Integration: Science; Health (Personal Health) Grade Levels: 4-6 Time: 2-4 class periods Materials: Sandwich bags that seal Tape Vegetable shortening or lard Ice water Rubber bands
More informationESS Glaciers and Global Change
ESS 203 - Glaciers and Global Change Friday January 19, 2018 Outline for today Volunteer for today s highlights on Monday Highlights of last Wednesday s class Jack Cummings Viscous behavior, brittle behavior,
More informationFRANCE : HOW TO IMPROVE THE AVALANCHE KNOWLEDGE OF MOUNTAIN GUIDES? THE ANSWER OF THE FRENCH MOUNTAIN GUIDES ASSOCIATION. Alain Duclos 1 TRANSMONTAGNE
FRANCE : HOW TO IMPROVE THE AVALANCHE KNOWLEDGE OF MOUNTAIN GUIDES? THE ANSWER OF THE FRENCH MOUNTAIN GUIDES ASSOCIATION ABSTRACT : Alain Duclos 1 TRANSMONTAGNE Claude Rey 2 SNGM The French Mountain Guides
More informationStephens Rd. Nature Preserve
Stephens Rd. Nature Preserve History Stephens Road Nature Preserve (SRNP) is a 350-acre nature preserve in Huntersville that comprises nine properties purchased between 1994 and 2008. Parcels included
More informationNational parks WRITING
National parks WRITING Content National parks were created to preserve natural habitats and allow people to visit and appreciate the natural beauty. Learning Outcomes Read about the purpose and characteristics
More informationUphillsport Socks Specifications
Uphillsport Socks INNOVATION & QUALITY FROM FINLAND SINCE 1996 UNIQUE MULTI-LAYER STRUCTURE 1. MOISTURE CONTROL Firstly, the inner layer is responsible for transferring moisture away from the skin. This
More informationBrazil Today The Amazon River and Basin
Non-fiction: Brazil Today The Amazon River and Basin Brazil Today The Amazon River and Basin Deep within the Andes Mountains of northern Peru, two rivers flow together. Their junction forms one of the
More informationDraft Resolution on wetlands in polar and subpolar regions
RAMSAR CONVENTION ON WETLANDS 54th Meeting of the Standing Committee Gland, Switzerland, 23 27 April 2018 Submitted by Sweden Draft Resolution on wetlands in polar and subpolar regions SC54-Com.15 (21.14)
More informationì<(sk$m)=beicdd< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Fascinating Facts The Nile River in Egypt is the world s longest river, but the Amazon River in Brazil moves the most water. The world s largest freshwater lake is Lake Baikal in Russia. The highest temperature
More informationDirectional Price Discrimination. in the U.S. Airline Industry
Evidence of in the U.S. Airline Industry University of California, Irvine aluttman@uci.edu June 21st, 2017 Summary First paper to explore possible determinants that may factor into an airline s decision
More informationMISSISSIPPI RIVER VISITOR CENTER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER VISITOR CENTER Program Guide Page 2 Visiting Us? While visiting our facility your group can experience navigation up close! We offer the best view of the mighty Mississippi River and
More informationSTUDENT PILOT PRE-CROSS-COUNTRY WRITTEN EXAM
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST FEB 2013 STUDENT PILOT PRE-CROSS-COUNTRY WRITTEN EXAM This test is required prior to solo cross-country per AFMAN This test is not required if the student has passed the FAA Knowledge
More informationDr. Melissa Grigione And Kurt Menke. Jaguar -Arturo. Jaguarundi -Arturo. Ocelot -Arturo. Caso. Caso. Caso
Identifying Priority Conservation Areas in the U.S.- Mexico Border Region for America s Neotropical Cats, the Jaguar, Jaguarundi and Ocelot: An International Effort Dr. Melissa Grigione And Kurt Menke
More informationIndonesia Orangutan Conservation (Sumatra)
Indonesia Orangutan Conservation (Sumatra) Travel in a small group, staying in remote forest camps, as you track orangutans and other fascinating native species on this research project, vital to developing
More informationThe Taiga Boreal Forest. By: Charlie Lichauer, Harrison Simons, and Hunter Williams
z The Taiga Boreal Forest By: Charlie Lichauer, Harrison Simons, and Hunter Williams Purpose We chose to do the Taiga Boreal biome because we believe it is the optimal host to excite the viewers. The taiga
More informationUNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE
World Heritage Patrimoine mondial 43 COM Paris, 9 October 2018 Original: English / français UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION,
More informationMr. Freeze. as viewed from the top of the ferris wheel:
QUALITATIVE QUESTIONS Many of the questions that follow refer to the graphs of data collected when riding with high tech data collection vests. With your I.D., you can borrow a vest without charge just
More informationTHE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SKI RESORTS AND TOURIST TRAFFIC. M. Tepfenhart, W. Mauser and F. Siebel
THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SKI RESORTS AND TOURIST TRAFFIC M. Tepfenhart, W. Mauser and F. Siebel Department of Geography, University of Munich, Luisenstr. 37, D - 80333 Munich, Germany, Sebastian
More informationBoard/Authority Authorized Course Framework Template
Board/Authority Authorized Course Framework Template School District/Independent School Authority Name: Okanagan-Skaha School District 67 Developed by: Mike Barron School Name: Penticton Secondary Superintendent
More informationTeacher s Guide For. Glaciers
Teacher s Guide For Glaciers For grade 7 - College Program produced by Centre Communications, Inc. for Ambrose Video Publishing, Inc. Executive Producer William V. Ambrose Teacher's Guide by Mark Reeder
More informationCadet Orientation Flight Program Guide. Appendix 2. Powered Syllabus
Cadet Orientation Flight Program Guide CAPP 60-40 October 2018 GENERAL SYLLABUS The Airman s Attitude Pilots are asked to look for opportunities during their interactions with the cadets to impart the
More informationMARINE PROTECTED AREAS LESSON PLAN Water Parks
Marine Protected Areas U. S. Marine Protected Areas Lesson Plan MARINE PROTECTED AREAS LESSON PLAN Water Parks Theme U.S. Marine Protected Areas Links to Overview Essays and Resources Needed for Student
More informationInuit Adventure: Narwhals & other Wildlife of Baffin Island
Inuit Adventure: Narwhals & other Wildlife of Baffin Island Naturetrek Tour Itinerary 2013 Outline itinerary Day 1 Arrive Ottawa. Day 2 Fly Pond Inlet. Day 3 Travel to the floe edge. Day 4/8 Explore the
More informationFRONTIER CHALLENGE Pre-Visit Activity Winter Wear
FRONTIER CHALLENGE Thank you for booking a Frontier Challenge program at FortWhyte Alive. This hands-on, fastpaced program allows students to build outdoor skills while learning about the settlement of
More informationProject Concept Note
North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (NEASPEC) 1. Overview 1. Project Title 2. Goals Project Concept Note Study on Transborder Movement of Amur Tigers and Leopards using
More informationAre there successful fish passes? Lessons from South America. Paulo Santos Pompeu Federal University of Lavras
Are there successful fish passes? Lessons from South America Paulo Santos Pompeu Federal University of Lavras Is it possible to build a successful fish pass? When it is not possible? Could we know when
More informationPricing: Program pricing is quoted per program below. Adults are free. Parking is free.
Program Policies Pricing: Program pricing is quoted per program below. Adults are free. Parking is free. Program Scheduling: Programs can be scheduled on Monday - Friday evenings and Saturday and Sunday
More informationGR. 2 BUGOLOGY TEACHERS PACKAGE. An Outdoor Exploration of the Needs of Plants and Animals
GR. 2 BUGOLOGY TEACHERS PACKAGE An Outdoor Exploration of the Needs of Plants and Animals Introduction.. Program at a Glance. Program Outlines. Grade 1 Curriculum Topics Specific Learner Expectations.
More informationLESSON 5 Wilderness Management Case Studies
LESSON 5 Wilderness Management Case Studies Objectives: Students will: review the key points of the Wilderness Act of 1964. brainstorm solutions for Wilderness management issues. Materials: Í Leave no
More informationMONARCH BUTTERFLY BIOSPHERE RESERVE MEXICO
MONARCH BUTTERFLY BIOSPHERE RESERVE MEXICO The monarch butterfly makes, in stages, the longest annual migration of all insects and one of the longest regularly repeated migrations of any animal, and in
More informationPublic Lands in Alaska. 200 million acres of federal land - Over 57 Million acres of Wilderness more than half the Wilderness in the entire nation
Public Lands in Alaska 200 million acres of federal land - Over 57 Million acres of Wilderness more than half the Wilderness in the entire nation alaskawild.org Ground Zero for Climate Change Over the
More informationBackgrounder Plains Bison Reintroduction to Banff National Park
Backgrounder Plains Bison Reintroduction to Banff National Park Introduction The five-year reintroduction project is a small- scale initiative that would inform future decisions regarding the feasibility
More informationAdaptation in the Everest Region
Adaptation in the Everest Region Bhawani S. Dongol Program Officer-Freshwater Program WWF- The Global Conservation Organization bhawani.dongol@wwfnepal.org 26 March 2010 Himalayan water towers The Himalayan
More informationMonarch Butterflies and Their Habitat across North America
Monitoring Monarch Butterflies and Their Habitat across North America Inventory and Monitoring Protocols and Data Standards for Monarch Conservation Please cite as: CEC. 2017. Monitoring Monarch Butterflies
More informationA GUIDE TO MANITOBA PROTECTED AREAS & LANDS PROTECTION
A GUIDE TO MANITOBA PROTECTED AREAS & LANDS PROTECTION Manitoba Wildands December 2008 Discussions about the establishment of protected lands need to be clear about the definition of protection. We will
More information4/28/17. Clicker Question. Clicker Question. #37 Floods IV (Case Histories-Mississippi River Flood, 1993; Red River of North Flood, 1997)
GEOL 118 Final Exam Format similar to exams 1 and 2 Covers Lectures #27 40 (Global Climate Change I - Meteorite Impacts III) Web Exercise #6 - Due by 1 pm, Monday (5/1) 8:00 AM, Thursday, May 11 th Location
More informationLake Manyara Elephant Research
Elephant Volume 1 Issue 4 Article 16 12-15-1980 Lake Manyara Elephant Research Rick Weyerhaeuser World Wildlife Fund - U.S. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/elephant
More informationHigher Level Geography JC-Learn. JC-Learn. Geography Higher Level 2014 Exam Answers
JC-Learn Geography Higher Level 2014 Exam Answers 1 Section 1 1. (i) False (ii) True (iii) True 2. (i) Epicentre (ii) Richter (iii) Tsunami 3. Terracettes 4. 1, 4, 5 5. (i) Increase (ii) Labrador Current
More informationHow should the proposed protected area be administered and managed?
SPERRGEBIET CONSERVATION PLANNING Questionnaire In big words the main objectives of this questionnaire are to contribute to: 1. finding approaches and mechanism for implementing a multi-use protected area
More informationWhite Mountain National Forest
White Mountain National Forest United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Eastern Region Boles Brook Snowmobile Bridge Decision Memo Boles Brook Snowmobile Bridge Project Town of Woodstock
More informationMississippi River Visitor Center. Program Guide
Mississippi River Visitor Center Program Guide Visiting us? While visiting our facility your group can experience navigation up close! We offer the best view of the mighty Mississippi River and of the
More informationGet your fair share of freedom and peace of mind. Join us for an open house, meet your future neighbors!
Get your fair share of freedom and peace of mind. Join us for an open house, meet your future neighbors! You re invited to our Open Houses: Thursday, October 5, 4-5:30 pm Enjoy wine & cheese Saturday,
More informationThe Design of Nature Reserves
The Design of Nature Reserves Goals Maintenance of MVP s for targeted species Maintenance of intact communities Minimization of disease Considerations of reserve design 1. Disturbance regime Fire Insect
More informationJune 29 th 2015 SOS LEMURS SPECIAL INITIATIVE
June 29 th 2015 SOS LEMURS SPECIAL INITIATIVE 1 SUMMARY FOREWORD...3 SOS LEMURS HELP US SAVE MADAGASCAR S ICONS...3 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN...4 WHY PROTECT LEMURS?... 4 THE IUCN ACTION PLAN!... 5 GENERAL
More informationSawtooth National Forest Fairfield Ranger District
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Sawtooth National Forest Fairfield Ranger District P.O. Box 189 Fairfield, ID. 83327 208-764-3202 Fax: 208-764-3211 File Code: 1950/7700 Date: December
More information