The War in the Pacific Chapter 18, Sec1on 4

Transcription

1 Pearl Harbor was not the only a<ack in the Pacific by the Japanese. A<acks hours later on Guam, Wake Island and Clark Field in the Philippines. The War in the Pacific Chapter 18, Sec1on 4 Goals of Japan Purpose of Japanese a<acks was to gain military control of the Western Pacific. Main Goal Oil from the Dutch East Indies and rubber from Bri1sh Malaya would give Japan economic independence. Japanese force landed on main Philippine island of Luzon days ater Pearl Harbor. General MacArthur, on Clark Field, was forced to move southward to Bataan Peninsula. Americans and Filipino troops held out for several months. FDR ordered them to escape to Australia in March I shall return a promise to the Filipinos. Philippines Fall Early April, facing starva1on and renewed Japanese a<acks, most of Bataan s soldiers surrendered. Others escaped to Corregidor American and Filipino troops survived another month of con1nual bombardment by living in rock tunnels under the fort. With li<le ammuni1on and food let, 11,000 Americans and Filipinos surrendered in May. 1

2 Bataan Death March The Japanese had taken 76,000 POWs between Bataan and Corregidor. Split into groups and force marched 60 miles to a train that took them within 8 miles of a an army camp. POWs treated brutally, tortured, beaten, weak were executed. Defied interna1onal standards POWs set by the Geneva Conven1on. 10,000 died during 6 12 day journey Sent to prison camps where 15,000 more died. Defending China and Burma March 1942 Japan had control Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore (BriGsh), Dutch East Indies and had invaded Burma China joined the Allies on December 9, 1941 U.S. sent Lend Lease arms to China Volunteer American flying aviators Flying Tigers However, lost control of Burma Road China s lifeline BriGsh and Indian troops in Burma fled west into India, which also then faced Japanese invasion War At Sea May 1942 BaZle of the Coral Sea U.S. navy fought the superior Japanese fleet in the Coral Sea. Aircra[ launched from aircra[ carriers bombed and damaged enemy ships more than 70 miles away. Both sides lost half their planes and ended in a draw However, it prevented Japan from invading Australia First Gme naval combat was carried out engrely by aircra[ 2

3 The BaZle of Midway June 4, 1942 U.S. used the aircra[ on the island s base to launch azacks on the Japanese carriers=unsuccessful American carriers intervened and surprised Japanese carriers as the aircra[ were on deck Onboard target Japanese ships, fuel hose caught on fire and bombs on deck exploded 4 Japanese carriers were sank and 250 planes destroyed A[erwards, Japan was unable to launch any more offensive operagons in the Pacific BaZle of Guadalcanal August 1942 On the offensive and goal was to capture Guadalcanal Japanese were building an airfield Marines landed on the island and the Japanese fled into the jungle First taste of jungle warfare Five months of fighgng U.S. navy took control of waters around the island cueng off Japanese supplies, forcing them off 3

4 Struggle for the Islands Island hopping military strategy of selecgvely azacking specific enemy held islands and bypassing others Able to cut off bypassed islands from supplies and reinforcements Allies pushed north from Australia and west across the Central Pacific American navy able to take Mariana Islands in June 1944, which meant Japan was in reach of long range American bombers The Philippines Campaign Oct 1944, U.S. troops invaded Leyte People of the Philippines, I have returned U.S. troops fought their way inland and greatest naval bazle in world history started off the coast BaZle of Leyte Gulf Every Japanese warship sgll floagng was sent to azack U.S. navy First bazle Japanese used kamikazes, or suicide azacks Japanese navy was destroyed despite this tacgc 4

5 Iwo Jima and Okinawa Bloodiest bazle of the war took place on Iwo Jima Natural terrain caves and tunnels protected Japanese encased in concrete bunkers Poured bombs onto Iwo Jima for 74 days Marines stormed the beaches meegng resistance 3 days in, only gained 700 yards took a month to take Gny island American forces suffered 25,000 casualges and 27 Medals of Honor BaZle of Okinawa equally as bloody as Iwo Jima Island 350 miles from Japan and last obstacle for U.S. in taking Japan 100,000 Japanese pledged to fight to the death 180,000 U.S. troops arrived U.S. lost 50,000 and only 7,200 Japanese lived to surrender Opened path to Japan 5

6 ManhaZan Project August 1939, FDR received a lezer from Albert Einstein (Jewish physicist) Suggested a powerful new type of bomb Germany could build FDR wanted to build the bomb first, and organized the top secret ManhaZan Project to develop an atomic bomb Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds Decision to Drop the Bomb Invade: Knew invading Japan would cost millions of lives as bazles became bloodier as U.S. got closer to Japan Advisory group called the Interim CommiZee to debate recalled Okinawa and Iwo Jima Final decision: President Harry S. Truman Never regrezed his decision 6

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8 Japan Surrenders Japan surrenders Aug 6, 1945, Enola Gay dropped a single atomic bomb on Hiroshima 80,000 died and same number were injured Aug 9, 1945, Nagasaki Aug 14 Japan surrenders V J Day (Victory in Japan Day) End of WWII 8