Review 06 and 07 World History and the Bible

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1 Review 06 and 07 World History and the Bible Name 1. The first mention of the Medes in history is found in the annals of the kings of. The first king of Media was named, and is credited by Herodotus with what accomplishment among the Medes?. 2. The greatest king of the Medes was. He formed an alliance with the king of Babylon,, in 614, based on a marriage between and. In 610, this Median king destroyed the city of, along with the temple of the moon god, Sin. He then launched an attack against Asia Minor, which finally ended in 585 at the Battle of the. 3. How did Astyages discover that Cyrus had not been killed? 4. The king of Babylon, Nabonidus, sought an alliance with Cyrus, hoping that he could win back the city of. Cyrus agreed to join Nabonidus. What happened as a result of the alliance? 5. After Cyrus had taken the throne of both Media and Persia, he launched an attack against the famous king of Lydia, whose name was. That Lydian king was confident he would defeat Cyrus in battle. Why did he have that confidence? 6. Cyrus died in the year, and was succeeded by his son,. The first campaign of this son was against the nation of. Although he was successful in this campaign, he died while on his journey home. What were the circumstances of his death? 7. The most serious uprising faced by Darius I in the early years of his reign took place in. After a lengthy siege, the revolt was finally put down by a man named Zopyrus. How did he accomplish this? 8. Darius distinguished himself as a competent administrator. He implemented several organizational reforms in Persia, all of which increased the efficiency of the empire. Name and briefly describe two of the organizational reforms he put in place. 9. The most important thing that Darius did with respect to Old Testament history was to authorize building. Two Old Testament prophets who were active at the time were and Zechariah. In the prophecy of Zechariah, he gave the so-called eight night visions. Name three of the visions, and give a one-sentence description of the significance of the vision. 1

2 1) 2) 3) 10. In 514, Darius crossed the Hellespont, and launched a campaign against the. One of those who fought under Darius was the famous Greek commander,, the hero of Marathon. After an inconclusive European excursion, Darius returned to Sardis. He ordered Histiaeus, the tyrant of Miletus to return with him to Susa, and installed Histiaeus s son-in-law in his place, whose name was. 11. In 500, turmoil broke out in Ionia with the revolt of the common people against the aristocrats on the island of. The aristocrats fled to the city of, and appealed for help from the Persians. What happened? 12. In 498, the Athenians sent 20 triremes to Ionia, and they attacked the city of, destroying much of it. Darius was so enraged at the action that he ordered one of his servants to do what? 13. In 494, the Persian army returned to Ionia, and put down the rebellion. The city of was especially the subject of Persian wrath. In 492, Darius sent an expeditionary force under his son-inlaw, Mardonius, intending to punish Athens. What happened? 14. Two years later, Darius brought another forced directly across the Aegean, and this force landed at the beach of, where it was defeated by the Athenian army under the command of. 15. In 486, the son of Darius, Xerxes I, came to the Persian throne. He is the same as the king whose biblical name is. As he prepared for the next great attack on Greece, certain events recorded in the Bible took place. What were those events? 16. In 481, the Persian army under Xerxes arrived at Sardis where it spent the winter. The following spring the army crossed the Hellespont, and began its invasion of the Greek mainland. The Persians met their first resistance on land at and at sea at. What happened in each encounter? 17. As the Persians were advancing, the Greeks were troubled by a prophecy from the Oracle of Delphi stating that Athens would be protected by a wooden wall. What were the two theories as to the meaning of the wooden wall? 1) 2) 2

3 18. The Athenians abandoned their city and gathered at where the greatest battle of the Second Persian War took place. The commander of the Greek fleet, and the hero of this battle, was named. 19. Briefly describe what happened in the battle. 20. The last two battles of the Second Persian War took place the following year (479). In the battle on the Greek mainland, the Persian commander met the Spartan commander at Plataea. At about the same time, on the coast of Ionia, the Persians and Greeks met in battle at. In both cases, the Persians were routed. 21. Match the name or place with its best description. Artaxerxes 1. Persians defeated in Ionia Mordecai 2. Ships lost in a storm Mardonius 3. Victor at Salamis Themistocles 4. Biblical name for Xerxes Mycale 5. Defeated by Pausanias Artemisium 6. Fought Scythians under Darius Ahasuerus 7. A Jew Miltiades 8. A Tyrant Coes 9. Commissioned Ezra Artaphernes 10. A Satrap Chapter 7: 1. The Trojan War took place about the year B.C. Twenty years later, the Mycenaean world was invaded by who swept through much of the near east, though they were finally stopped when they tried to invade. In about the year 1120 the Greek world was once again invaded, this time by the. 2. For some two hundred years, much of the near east was plunged into a dark age, but during those years, the began to settle at Sparta, while the Mycenaeans were concentrated at 3. The first Olympiad took place in the year. This was very important because it had the effect of bringing to the Greek world. Another important development at this time was Homer s epic,. 4. During the years from 730 to 580, many Greeks migrated from the mainland to other parts of the near east. There were basically two reasons for the migration. What were they? 1) 2) 3

4 5. The great law-giver of the city of Sparta was. The city had two kings, and three classes of people, which were,, and. There were also six overseers, who were called. 6. Athens, on the other hand, was under a limited monarchy until the last king of Athens,, was killed in a battle with. After that, the aristocrats took over. They were the highest of three classes in Athens. The next class was called the, who were husbandmen, and then the who were the artisans. The city was ruled by nine who divided responsibility for government. 7. Because of the constant tension between the people and the aristocrats, the city finally submitted to a series of tyrants. The first of these was, who was known for his harsh code. The next was the most famous lawgiver in Athens, whose name was. He delivered his code in 572, and then traveled the world for ten years, visiting the famous king of Lydia, toward the end of his tour. 8. The next tyrant in Athens was, who ruled from 561 to 527. He was a good leader who was best known for. Following this tyrant his two sons took control of the city. The first of these was, but he was heavy handed, and finally his reign ended because. The younger brother then took the throne. His name was. In 514, this tyrant was driven out of Athens. What happened to him? 9. Finally, another tyrant assumed rule in Athens. He was a great bridge between aristocracy and democracy and brought four significant reforms to the city. Please list them: 1) 2) 3) 4) 10. Events leading to the First Persian War began in 500 when the common people on the island of revolted against the aristocratic leaders. The aristocrats fled to the city of and appealed to the tyrant of that city, for help to reinstate them to their rule. As a result the Persians sent 20 triremes to put down the revolt. What happened? 11. The Persians returned in 494 and put down the revolt in Ionia, and especially punished the city of. Finally, Darius launched a campaign against the Greek mainland. He was led to the beach of Marathon by, but lost the famous battle to the Greeks under the command of. 12. When Xerxes was approaching Greece in the Second Persian War, the Greeks were perplexed when they Oracle of Delphi announced that Athens would be protected by. 4

5 There were two views of the meaning of the oracle. What were they: 1), 2). 13. When Xerxes sent spies to see that the Greeks were doing in preparation for battle at the pass of Thermopylae, the spy reported that the Greeks were. As the Greeks and Persians were battling at Thermopylae, a separate battle between the two powers was taking place at sea at. The final conflict in the battles of 480 between Greece and Persia took place at, where the famous Greek commander,, led the Greeks to a successful victory. The following year, the final battle on the Greek mainland between Greece and Persia took place at, with the Greeks under the Spartan commander, and the Persians fighting under the command of. 14. After the Second Persian War was over, a league of Greek cities united in an anti-persian organization called the. Originally, the League was under the leadership of the Athenian,, but after a couple of years, leadership fell to another Athenian,. 15. The so-called Golden age of Athens was largely associated with the great leader of democracy in Athens, whose name was. Under his leadership, Athens was divided between two ruling bodies, the, which was a council of 500, and the, which included the remainder of the citizens of Athens. During these years, there were many famous people who were involved in life in Athens. Name three of them:. The crowning symbol of this golden age was the completion of the great building known as the. 16. The Peloponnesian War began with a squabble between the cities of and over the settlement known as Epidamnus. In 431, Sparta attacked Athens directly, and in response, Pericles took what action? 17. In 429, however, Pericles died by what means? 18. It may be that peace would have been achieved between Athens and Sparta, but in 415, and young Athenian named persuaded the city to launch an attack against the Sicilian city of. The young Athenian commander was eventually arrested, and charged with the crime of. Before he could be tried in Athens, however, he escaped and fled to the city of. 19. The Peloponnesian War finally ended when the Spartan naval commander,, obtained financial support from, and then attacked the Athenian fleet at the Hellespont and defeated it there. He was then able to bring Athens to its knees by what means? 5

6 20. After the end of the Peloponnesian War, many Greek soldiers joined the Persian satrap,, in his attempt to take the throne of Persia from its ruler,. What happened as a result?. 21. The surviving Greeks were led in a famous retreat from Persia by their commander, whose name was. 22. In 385, Plato founded his famous school in Athens, known as. The inscription over the door reflected Plato s view of the foundations of education. The inscription read:. 23. Macedonian power began to rise when Philip II launched his first military campaign outside of Macedon. He attacked, seeking to avenge the death of. As Philip continued to expand Macedonian power, a famous orator rose in Athens who argued that swift and decisive action should be taken against Philip. That orator s name was. Debate in Athens over Philip was sharpened a few years later, when another orator named took the position that Philip was a great Greek, and should be supported. 24. Alexander, the son of Philip II, was educated in his early teens by the famous philosopher,. When his father was assassinated, he lost no time taking control of Macedonia. He was young and brash, and viewed himself as similar to the hero of Greek legend,. After subduing local uprising, Alexander launched his most ambitious campaign against Persia. Alexander crossed over into Asia in the year,, meeting his first resistance from the Persians at the River. The next meeting between Alexander and the Persians took place at the Battle of. After his victory there, Alexander turned south, laying siege to the island city of which fell after eight months. The final battle between Alexander and the Persians was fought at the battle field of. Alexander continued his campaign into India, but died when he was only years old. 6

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