Integrated Protection of Olive Crops

Transcription

1 WPRS GENERAL ASSEMPLY DIJON FRANCE October 17-21, 2005

2 Convenor: Dr Argyro Kalaitzaki National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF), Institute Tree and Subtropical Plants of Chania GREECE Liaison officer: Dr Malathrakis Nikos Technological Education Institute of Heraklion GREECE

3 INTRODUCTION According the IOCC data 750 million olive trees are grown all over the world. About 98% are spread across all coastal areas of the Mediterranean region and cover 95% of world olive oil production. The extensive use of pesticides has incurred ecological and toxicological side effects. These include environmental contamination, resulting from the vastness of the areas treated; destruction of non target organisms, including natural enemies of pests; severe outbreaks of other secondary pests; and finally, the presence of insecticide residues in the olive oil, caused mainly by lipophilic pesticides.

4 INTRODUCTION Programs on the development of alternative control methods, in the framework of Integrated Production of olives, receive generous support from many scientists. Alternative methods of pest control, is concerned with the following: The kind of olive pest species and the factors that affect them (bioecology of pests). The systems of monitoring pest population. The kind of damage and its economic threshold. The various methods of control in combination with knowledge of the sensitive stages and the time of application for each species.

5 INTRODUCTION Major pests: insects: Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.), Prays oleae (Bern.) Fungi: Spilocea oleagina Minor pests: Saissetia oleae Olivier, Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, Pollinia pollini Costa, Rhynchites cribripennis Desbr., Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bern., Palpitta unionalis Hubn., Zeuzera pyrina L., Euphyllura olivina Costa, Calocoris trivialis Costa, Parlatoria oleae Colv., Verticillium dahliae, Armillariella mellea, Rosellinia necatrix, Leveillula taurica, Gloeosporium olivarum, and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and so on.

6 INTRODUCTION Losses caused by pests and weeds are estimated to be as high as 30% of production. Losses due to insect pests alone are estimated to be about 15%, and those due to major pests about 10%, amounting to 800 million Euros/year (IOOC for the 4- year period 1998/ /2002). The annual cost of olive pest control exceeds 100 million Euros, 50% of which corresponds to pesticides not including the cost of the adverse side-effects of pesticide use.

7 ORGANIZATION OF THE The group was initiated in A few years later it was no active anymore. In January 2002 the Council decided the reestablishment of the group, and confided the organization of the 1 st European meeting of the study group to Dr Kalaitzaki Argyro. On the Council decided to transform the Study Group into Working group and endorsed the election of Dr Kalaitzaki Argyro as convener.

8 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The group fosters collaboration in research on the development of integrated control strategies for pests in olive groves, which preserve the natural enemies and reduce inputs of pesticides, thereby minimizing impacts on the environment. The main research activities concern: standardization of sampling methods establishing of economic thresholds role of natural enemies biological and biotechnical control methods development of pest population models side effects of pesticides chemical and genetic ecology of pests

9 ACTIVITIES OF THE In May 29-31, 1993 the 1st European Meeting of the Study Group: s was held in Chania, Greece in the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh).

10 1 st EUROPEAN MEETING OF THE STUDY MAICH - CHANIA, HELLAS May 29-31, 2003 Participants: 110 scientists from 11 different countries (Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Algeria, Iran, Republic of Croatia, Egypt, Tunisia, Switzerland)

11 1 st EUROPEAN MEETING OF THE STUDY Presentations: 38 oral and 32 poster Sessions: Bactrocera oleae (monitoring, behavior, biodemographic analysis, alternative control methods) Practical implementation of Integrated Pest Management, Lepidopterous pests of olives Other olive pests Diseases. Round Table: Problems and Prospects of the Integrated.

12 1 st EUROPEAN MEETING OF THE STUDY of Olive During the 3 rd day of the meeting an excursion was held to the coastal village Paleochora, 74 km southwest from Chania at Libyan Sea. On the way to Paleochora we drove through olive groves and the participants had the opportunity to show the olive variety Koroneiki in the plain and foothills and the olive variety Tsounati in the mountains. Also we visited an organic olive grove in Zymvragos village (39 Km southwest from Chania).

13 FUTURE ACTIVITIES of Olive The next meeting of the Working Group will be held in Florence in October 2005, at the Conference Center of the Polo Scientifico at Sesto Fiorentino. Chairperson: Prof. Antonio Belcari, Department of Agricultural Biotechnologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, Firenze, Italy, Tel.: , Website: Expected number of participants: 80 from 13 countries (Austria, Egypt, France, Greece, Germany, Iran, Italy, Lebanon, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, UK, USA).

14 PROPOSED ACTION FOR THE Cooperation of the specialists of the main Mediterranean laboratories on development and application of various research programs of IPM in olive groves. Coordination between researchers and establishment of a network system, which would give information about actual research programmes.

15 PUBLICATIONS of Olive The Proceeding of the 1 st European meeting of the Study Group s that was be held in Chania, Greece May 29-31, 2003 in the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh) is published in the Bulletin Vol. 28 (9), 2005.