Rab Nawaz Jadoon. Chinese Famous Natural Scenery and Historical Sites ( 中国着名自然风景和历史站点 ) IAT. CAS-TWAS Ph.D Scholar Wireless Information Network Lab

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1 Chinese Famous Natural Scenery and Historical Sites ( 中国着名自然风景和历史站点 ) Rab Nawaz Jadoon IAT CAS-TWAS Ph.D Scholar Wireless Information Network Lab University of Scienc e & Technology of China - USTC

2 Presentation Agenda About Hefei The Great Wall of China The Forbidden City of Beijing Rab Nawaz Jadon The Terracotta Army in Xi an Muhammad Nasir Potala Palace Tibet Temple of Heaven Mohsin Shah The Bund of Shanghai Yellow Mountains The Nanjing Hall Summer Palace Beijing Majeed Ur Rehman Muhammad Zakir

3 Agenda About Hefei The Great Wall of China The Forbidden City Chinese Tourism Statistics Conclusion

4 About Hefei

5 About Hefei Formerly known as Hofei, Luzhou, or Luchow Capital and largest city of Anhui province. Located in the center of the province Geography 130Km west of Nanjing Chao Lake 15km --- largest fresh water lake in the city Area: Km 2 Population: 7,790,000 inhabitants 5,484,000 urban. For more detail visit, hefei.gov.cn

6 Humid Subtropical Climate with Four distinct seasons Average annual temperature is o C Climate (Hefei) Avg Max, Min Temperature in o C Precipitation total in mm

7 By Air, Transportation Hefei Xinqiao International Airport Opened in 2013 About 30 Km from the Hefei City Center There are 4 shuttle bus lines that run to and from the airport

8 Cont By train Hefei Railway Station ( 合肥火车站 Héféi huoche zhàn) All fast trains depart from one station in Hefei. Fast train codes begin with a D and very fast train codes begin with G. Hefei to Nanjing (45 minutes, 65) numerous times daily Hefei to Shanghai (3 hours, 160) numerous times daily Hefei to Wuhan (3 hours, 106) Hefei to Beijing about 4 hours 427 Hefei to Chongqing about 10 hours 350

9 By Bus Hefei Long distance bus station Departs every half hour to Tianchang (4 hrs), Ma'anshan (3 hrs), Anqing (3 hrs), Bengbu (2.5 hrs), Huaibei (2.5 hrs), Chuzhou (2.5 hrs), Wuhu (2 hrs) Also provincial lines to Cont Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Fujian, Guangdong, Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, Shanghai, Guangxi, Yunnan, Shanxi,and Shaanxi.

10 Anhui provincial tour bus station This station services Huangshan and Jiuhuashan mountains, Cont Tunxi, Tianchang,Yiwu, Shanghai, Tongling, Changsha, Lu'an, Hangzhou, Wuhan and other places. Buses leave every half hour. Approx. 4 hours to Huangshan.

11 Hefei places of attraction Hefei Science and Technology Museum Swan Lake Xiaoyaojin park Hefei Botanical Garden Hefei Places of Attraction Dashu Mountain Lord Bao Park Chao Lake Hefei Zoo

12 Some Places of Attraction in Hefei Swan Lake Chao Lake Dashu Mountain Science and Technology Museum Hefei Zoo Lord Bao Park Botanical Garden XiaoYaojin Park

13 Part II The Great Wall of China ( 万里长城 )

14 On the Map

15 Who built the Great wall of China

16 Some Interesting Facts Official Name: The great wall. Chinese Name: 长城 Literal Meaning: The Long Wall Construction material used: stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials Heritage Declaration by UNESCO: 1987 Area covered: East to West. Total distance: 21,196 km (13,171 mi), according to an astronaut survey.

17 Cont Most of today's relics are the Ming Dynasty Great Wall: length 8,851 km The Great Wall is more than 2,300 years old. More than One Million laborers, 300, 000 were died during construction. Many were buried within the wall itself. The Ming Great Wall crosses 9 provinces and municipalities: Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu. Badaling is the most visited section (63,000,000 visitors in 2001). Total Construction time was 10 years.

18 Badaling --- the most visited section of the great wall of China

19 Badaling --- the most visited section of the great wall of China

20 Cont First week of May and October, the visitor flow can be up to 70,000 per day. The average height of the Great Wall at Badaling and Juyong Pass is 7.88 meters, and the highest place is 14 meters high. Nearly 1/3 of the Great Wall has disappeared without trace. Since 1644, when the Ming Dynasty was overthrown, no further work has been done on the Great Wall (for military purposes some has been restored for tourism). Great Wall reconstruction and protection began with Badaling in 1957.

21 Cont The great wall was vital to military communication. Messages were relayed by smoke signals, lanterns and beacon fires. Beacon and watch towers were built to garrison troops But the wall never succeeded in keeping out the barbarians. Genghis khan invaded and conquered china. Over the centuries, sections of the great wall deteriorated or been dismantled.

22 Date: 7 th century BCE (several walls were constructed, later join together and make a famous wall, called the Great Wall of China. Especially famous is the wall built BCE by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. The existing structure: Ming Dynasty ( ). Other purposes of the wall: Border Control. In December 1987 the Great Wall was placed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO.

23 Interesting facts about --- The Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China cannot be seen from space by the human eye without aid. The Great Wall is not a continuous line: There are side walls, circular walls, parallel walls, and sections with no wall (high mountains or rivers form a barrier instead). In the Qin Dynasty ( BC), glutinous rice flour was used to bind the Great Wall bricks.

24 Cont The Great Wall labor force included soldiers, forciblyrecruited farmers, convicts, and POWs. The First Emperor of Qin was not the first to build the Great Wall. He linked the northern walls of the states he conquered. There most popular Great Wall legend is about Meng Jiangnv, whose husband died building the Wall. Her weeping was so bitter that a section of the Wall collapsed, revealing her husband's bones so she could bury them.

25 Cont The Gubeikou Section of the Great Wall has bullet holes in it, evidence of the last battle fought at the Great Wall. During the Cultural Revolution ( ), many Great Wall bricks were used in building homes, farms, or reservoirs. The northwestern Great Wall sections (e.g. in Gansu and Ningxia provinces) are likely to disappear in 20 years, due to desertification and change in human land use.

26 Cont The Jiankou Section of the Great Wall, known for being steep and winding, enjoys the most appearances on Great Wall picture books and post cards. The most famous section of the Great Wall Badaling has been visited by over 300 heads of state and VIPs from around the world. The first of which was Soviet statesman Klim Voroshilov in 1957.

27 How the Great Wall was Constructed???

28 Cont

29 For your Guidance

30 The Forbidden City Beijing

31 The Palace Museum 故宮博物院 The Forbidden City was the residence of the Chinese Emperors, their families, staff and government officials. It is one of the most significant symbols of ancient Chinese government. Currently the entire palace complex is known as Palace museum.

32 980 Buildings and 9999 rooms Built by the Ming emperor Zhu Di (Yongle Emperor) in the 1400s Took 14 years to build Cont The city was built from 1406 to 1420 and consists of 980 buildings that cover 720,000 square meters (7,800,000 sq. ft.). UNESCO declared it as a World Heritage Site in Also declared as the world's largest preservation of wooden structures from ancient world. Ever Biggest Museum in the world imperial collection spanning the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

33 Cont It is surrounded by a wall of 7.9 m height and 7.5 m depth. Meridian Gate, the main entrance, by Tianamen square. The middle opening is part of the imperial Way. A stone path running, which only the emperor could pass.

34 Cont Anyone who dared to cross the gates without the prior permission was subject to summary and painful execution. It was part of the tradition that doors of all the halls and imperial gardens were decorated with nine rows of nine nails.

35 Cont The Forbidden City was home to home of 24 emperors 14 of the Ming Dynasty and 10 of the Qing Dynasty. The city ceased to be the seat of political power in 1912 after Puyi, the last Emperor of China, give up, and allowed the formation of new Republic of China. Puyi just became Emperor just in the age of 3 years. Due to death of his father

36 The Forbidden City is an array of ancient building and artifacts that include; Porcelain and jade Gardens Plazas Historic sites, and 9,999 rooms. Cont 90% of the roofs are finished with glazed yellow tiles. Yellow was the official color of Chinese Emperors.

37 Each of the 9,999 rooms is decorated with statues. As the importance of each building grows, the number of statues increases. The most important room has a maximum of 10 statues.

38 About one million artifacts that are housed within the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City are considered Chinese National Heritage items and are thus under the protection of the Chines government.

39 Interior of Forbidden City Concubine Quarter --- Imperial Harem --- Bed Rooms

40 Cont

41 Ceremonial Hall---Interior

42 Study room

43 Imperial Audience hall

44 Night View

45 Tourism The Forbidden City is the main attraction to tourists in the Chinese Capital - Beijing. It is one of the most visited ancient sites in the world. Tour here will be an eye opener. Very few other museums in the world can claim as much history as the Forbidden City.

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47 Chinese Tourism Statistics

48 Cont

49 Chinese Tourism Promotion --- Video

50 YouTube link The full version of the presentation you may find on the following link, Or Simply type in the YouTube the following string, The Great Wall of China by Rab Nawaz Jadoon

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