104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire

Transcription

1 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment for William Ransom and Son plc by Jennifer Lowe Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd Site Code BHH 03/88 September 2003

2 Summary Site name: 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire Grid reference: TL Site activity: Desk-based assessment Project manager: Steve Ford Site supervisor: Jennifer Lowe Site code: BHH 03/88 Area of site: 1.72ha Summary of results: The site lies within an area of archaeological and historical significance, and if severe truncation has not occurred across the site, it seems likely that archaeological deposits will be encountered. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford Steve Preston i

3 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment by Jennifer Lowe Report 03/88 Introduction This desk-based study is an assessment of the archaeological potential of a parcel land located at 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Mr Simon Grier-Jones, of FPD Savills, 20 Grosvenor Hill, London, W1K 3HQ on behalf of William Ransom and Son plc and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by redevelopment of the area. Site description, location and geology The site currently consists of a roughly L-shaped parcel of land of 1.72ha, located between Bancroft and Whinbush Road (Fig 12). From Bancroft the site is accessed by an alleyway which lies next to 105 Bancroft, which is a Grade II Listed building. The majority of the site appears to be occupied by several industrial buildings, and a short segment of the River Hiz is also included within the site boundaries. The ground level appears to slope down from Whinbush Road to the site, perhaps suggesting that terracing has occurred during the development of the site. The development area is centred on NGR TL The site is located on alluvium which overlies till, a chalky, sandy stony clay (BGS 1995). It is at a height of approximately 60m above Ordnance Datum. Planning background and development proposals There are currently no details available for the proposed redevelopment of the site. Archaeology and Planning (PPG ) provides guidance relating to archaeology within the planning process. It points out that where a desk-based assessment has shown that there is a strong possibility of significant archaeological deposits in a development area it is reasonable to provide more detailed information from a field evaluation so that an appropriate strategy to mitigate the effects of development on archaeology can be devised: Paragraph 21 states: Where early discussions with local planning authorities or the developer s own research indicate that important archaeological remains may exist, it is reasonable for the planning authority to 1

4 request the prospective developer to arrange for an archaeological field evaluation to be carried out... Should the presence of archaeological deposits be confirmed further guidance is provided. Archaeology and Planning stresses preservation in situ of archaeological deposits as a first consideration as in paragraphs 8 and 18. Paragraph 8 states:...where nationally important archaeological remains, whether scheduled or not, and their settings, are affected by proposed development there should be a presumption in favour of their physical preservation... Paragraph 18 states: The desirability of preserving an ancient monument and its setting is a material consideration in determining planning applications whether that monument is scheduled or unscheduled... However, for archaeological deposits that are not of such significance it is appropriate for them to be preserved by record (i.e., fully excavated and recorded by a competent archaeological contractor) prior to their destruction or damage. Paragraph 25 states: Where planning authorities decide that the physical preservation in situ of archaeological remains is not justified in the circumstances of the development and that development resulting in the destruction of the archaeological remains should proceed, it would be entirely reasonable for the planning authority to satisfy itself... that the developer has made appropriate and satisfactory provision for the excavation and recording of remains. Further guidance is provided by the county s Structure Plan Review (HCC 1998) which lists vii) Scheduled Ancient Monuments and other archaeological remains of national and more local importance, and their settings: as Critical Capital which will be given appropriate protection. The North Hertfordshire District Council Local Plan (NHDCLP 1996), Policy 16 states For Archaeological Areas, the Council may require a preliminary evaluation of any potential archaeological remains before deciding to permit or to refuse development proposals. For Areas of Archaeological Significance, a preliminary evaluation will be required as part of the application for development proposals which could disturb any possible archaeological remains. To assess the archaeological value of specific sites, the Council will seek expert advice. If the site is judged to be nationally important, and the remains should be left undisturbed, the Council will normally refuse development proposals which adversely affect the site and its setting. On other sites, the Council may permit development proposals with condition and/or formal or informal agreement, depending on the archaeological value, to provide: i) an excavation before development; an/or ii) facilities and an agreed period of time for access to the site for an investigation and/or for observation of the groundworks as development progresses by someone appointed by the Council; an/or iii) other measures as necessary; and/or iv) a contribution from the developer towards the funding of any relevant investigation. 2

5 In this case, due to the presence of a listed building on site, Planning and the Historic Environment (PPG 15,1994) must also be considered, which offers guidance on the protection of historic buildings, conservation areas and other elements of the historic environment. Paragraph 2.15 of Planning and the Historic Environment advises that: Some historic buildings are scheduled ancient monuments, and many which are not scheduled are either of intrinsic archaeological interest or stand on ground which contains archaeological remains. It is important in such cases that there should be appropriate assessment of the archaeological implications of development proposals before applications are determined; and that where permission is to be granted, authorities should consider whether adequate arrangements have been made for recording remains that would be lost in the course of works for which permission is being sought. In addition the locality of the building must be considered and whether the proposed development is likely to impact on the surrounding and setting of the listed building. Paragraph 2.17 points out that:..authorities considering applications for planning permission or listed building consent for works which affect a listed building to have special regard to certain matters, including the desirability of preserving the setting of the building. The North Hertfordshire District Council Local Plan again offers further guidance on this: Policy 18 states: For Listed Buildings, the Council will apply a strong presumption in favour of preservation. Therefore, consent will be refused for the demolition of any listed building or structure unless a strong case can be made and justified. Any conversion, alteration or extension should preserve the character, historic fabric and setting of the building and ensure its continued use and maintenance. Also, the use of traditional materials and craft skills will be expected in order to retain the character of a Listed Building. Methodology The assessment of the site was carried out by the examination of pre-existing information from a number of sources recommended by the Institute of Field Archaeologists paper Standards in British Archaeology covering desk-based studies. These sources include historic and modern maps, the Hertfordshire Sites and Monuments Record, geological maps and any relevant publications or reports. Archaeological background General background Hitchin appears to lie in an area of high archaeological potential, with finds dating to all periods. Palaeolithic activity has been noted with several implements being retrieved from various locations around the town (VCH 3

6 1951). Roman activity is known from the area also. Within the town itself several Roman finds have been recorded and St Mary s Church, which lies to the south of the site, contains some Roman material within its structure, suggesting the presence of Roman buildings within the vicinity (Foster 1981). The name Hitchin is thought to have Saxon origins and relate to a Saxon tribe called Hicce, known from a 7th century document (Cameron, 1996). However, it has been suggested that the name Hicce could be older in origin, possibly a derivative of a Celtic river name meaning dry (Mills 1998). Saxon activity in the area is supported by fieldwork in the town, where evidence for a substantial mid/late Saxon settlement was revealed, comprising sunken-featured buildings as well as two probable large rectangular timber-framed buildings. Later development of the settlement included a defensive phase which this was later dismantled and further phases of buildings were constructed (Stirk, 2002). By the time of Domesday Book the town was called Hiz, presumably after the river. It was held by King William and assessed at 5 hides, with land for 34 ploughs. It is thought that Hitchin was an important manor before the conquest but there is no indication of it being a borough before the Domesday Survey (VCH 1971). The town was granted the right to hold a fair in 1221, and there is also a record of a watermill in the town in By the 16th century there were two watermills, and by the late 17th century a lawsuit arose concerning a windmill which was said to be taking away trade from the two mills (VCH 1971). Hertfordshire Sites and Monuments Record A search was made of the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) on 5 th September 2003 for a radius of 750m surrounding the site. The results of this search indicate that there are 55 records in close proximity to the site. The locations of these are illustrated in Figure 1 and the entries are summarized in Appendix 1. Prehistoric Several Palaeolithic flint implements were retrieved from the east and south-east of the site, these included Acheulian handaxes, scrapers, trimmed flakes, and arrowheads (?); precise locations of these finds are not known. In addition, a Mesolithic flint flake and graver were retrieved as well as a Neolithic flint axe [Fig1; 1, 37]. Another Neolithic flint axe was retrieved from a garden to the south-east [2], a Bronze Age axe was found [3] as well as Bronze Age founders metal hoard [4]. A Neolithic flint fabricator was found at Fairfield, east of the site, and at the same location an urn, prehistoric (presumably Bronze Age) in date, was also found containing cremated bone [5]. 4

7 Archaeological fieldwork carried out south of the site at Portmill Lane revealed occupation of Iron Age and later date [34]. Roman There are several entries from various locations around the site, which relate to finds of Roman pottery and/ or occupation [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. A length of Roman road is noted as passing through Hitchin, however, this has not been confirmed by excavation [13]. Archaeological fieldwork carried out south of the site at Portmill Lane revealed Roman occupation [34], as also did fieldwork carried out at 33 Queen Street, to the south of Bancroft [38]. Saxon Several stray finds of Saxon date, have been retrieved from around the site. These include a small pot retrieved from the rear of a garden to the west of the site [14], a pin of 8th 9th century date found to the south of the site [15] and a barbed?fishing spear, a broad leaf shaped implement of silvered iron and a possible Saxon spear [16]. The Saxon manor is thought to have been located close to St Mary s Church, but any late Saxon manorial site was either moved or destroyed when the Borough was established in the 13th century [36]. The church is described in late Saxon times as a minster. Archaeological fieldwork carried out at 33 Queen Street, revealed Saxon occupation [38]. The evidence suggested that a substantial settlement existed on the site. Evidence was recovered for six sunken-featured buildings and two possible rectangular timber structures of Saxon date. The site appears to have been fortified and then later de-fortified in the Late Saxon period. An evaluation and subsequent excavation carried out at 40 Queen Street identified several inhumations dating to the Early Saxon period [39]. Medieval The church of St Mary s was built in the 12th century, and is located to the south of Bancroft [36]. A well, probably early medieval in date are recorded at the same location [37]. Observations carried out to the rear of property at 122 Bancroft identified 14th 15th century garden soil, which suggested that the area was open land during this period, and became more built up in the late 15th century [17]. Fieldwork carried out in advance of the Hitchin Bypass located a pit containing wasters of Hertfordshire greyware pottery, suggesting the presence of a kiln nearby [18] and similarly another pit containing overfired wasters was found also to the south-west of the site [19]. The site of the Gilbertine Priory, founded in and dissolved in 1538 is located to the south [20], and the site is now occupied by Almshouses constructed in the early 17th century. There is an entry in the SMR for Bancroft itself [23], which is thought to lie outside the medieval core of Hitchin, and represents a later 5

8 ribbon development northward parallel to the River Hiz. Fieldwork carried out immediately adjacent to the site, at the former Russell s Tannery, noted that the site had been heavily truncated by the tannery but did identify possible domestic activity dating to the 13th century and also found evidence indicating the former alignment of the River Hiz [23]. Archaeological fieldwork carried out to the rear of Bancroft identified deposits of both medieval and later date [35]. Similarly at 33 Queen Street, to the south of Bancroft a ditch and several buildings dating to the medieval period appear on the site in the 12th century, and by the 13th century the site appears to have been abandoned and reverted back to agricultural use. [38]. An evaluation and excavation at 40 Queen Street revealed a single medieval feature containing greyware and a series of ploughmarks, which were sealed by late 19th century garden soil [39]. Post medieval Several of the entries for this period relate to listed buildings. A Grade II Listed building is located to the southwest of the site [25]. Several of the listed buildings are located on Bancroft, these included a late 18th-century town house located at 21a Bancroft [26], and a town house dating to c at 26 and 27 Bancroft [27]. At 67 Bancroft, the SMR records the presence of a Bridewell or prison, which was constructed in 1805 [29]. The building at 105 Bancroft is possibly of 17 th century date and is a Grade II listed building [23]. The building was established as a manufacturing chemist in 1846, by William Ransom, which specialized in the distilling of herbs. The company also owned some of the properties to the rear, some of which were destroyed by fire in The building is still occupied by Ransom & Co, and in use as a distillery. The site of the former Waterworks are recorded to the rear of Queen Street, which is situated south of Bancroft [30], as is a red brick bridge built in 1784 [31]. Observations carried out to the south-west of the site identified several features all 19th 20th century in date [28]. A standing building survey recorded a series of brick-built structures, which were mostly 19th century in date, all the buildings have now been demolished [32]. Other entries for this period include a postal wall box located in a shop wall [21], a Crossley single cylinder horizontal gas engine built in 1890 [22] and a windmill [24]. Post-medieval deposits were recorded on several sites investigated archaeologically and detailed above [34, 35, 39]. Modern There is only one entry for this period and this relates to a pillbox which is thought to have stood on the west corner of Walsworth Road and Verulam Road [33]. 6

9 Scheduled Ancient Monuments There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments on the site Listed buildings There are several listed buildings located on Bancroft, and one of these, 105 Bancroft, is located within the site boundary. It is timber-framed with an archway for access to the rear of the property and is thought to be of 17 th century date. It is listed Grade II. Registered Parks and Gardens; Registered Battlefields There are no registered parks and gardens or registered battlefields located within the site boundaries. Cartographic and documentary sources A range of Ordnance Survey and other historical maps of the area were consulted at Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies Centre and Hitchin Local Library, in order to ascertain what activity had been taking place throughout the site s later history and whether this may have affected any possible archaeological deposits within the proposal area (see Appendix 2). The earliest map available of the area is Saxton s map of Hertfordshire, 1577, which shows the town, at this time recorded as Hytchin. A church is marked on this map, but there is no further information provided for the town (Fig. 2). By the time of Seller s map of Hertfordshire, 1676, the town appears to have developed substantially. Hitchin is shown as a more fully established town, and a mill is noted on this map on the outskirts of the town (Fig. 3). Similarly the maps of Hertfordshire by Oliver (1695), Warburton (1749), Drury and Andrew (1766) and Bryant (1822) show the town s further expansion. However, they do not provide specific information for the site. A map of the town of Hitchin dating to the 1700 s (Fig. 4) shows the town in specific detail, and indicates by this time that the town was very well established with the settlement centred around the church and market place. Bancroft is noted on this map and is at this time lined with buildings. Neither Hermitage Road nor Whinbush Road are noted on this map, which makes it difficult to pinpoint the precise location of the site. The river is clearly marked and at this time appears to cross an undeveloped area, possibly formal parks or gardens, to the rear of Bancroft. 7

10 The Tithe map of Hitchin, 1844 (Fig. 5) shows the site in more specific detail. Again, by this time, Hermitage Road has not been developed but Whinbush Road now exists and forms the eastern boundary of the site. Bancroft is lined with buildings. To the rear of Bancroft small buildings line the alley way and the southern periphery of the site. To the rear the River Hiz is noticeable by its distinctive artificial kink, which marks another boundary of the site. The south-west corner of the site which fronts onto Whinbush Road, is occupied by several buildings and to the north of these structures the site appears to be undeveloped. A Plan of the town of Hitchin dating to 1852 (Fig. 6) shows a similar level of development for the site. Several buildings line Bancroft with slightly fewer buildings lining the alleyway. The structures located along Whinbush Road are still present but appear to have change in form slightly. According to the First Edition Ordnance Survey of 1881 (Fig. 7) Hermitage Road has become fully developed. The site has maintained its level of development and is now shown as occupied by the Lavender Distillery. The section of the site fronting Whinbush Road has not undergone any significant new development and largely remains open space. The Second Edition Ordnance Survey 1898 (Fig. 8) shows no significant developments on the site. The Lavender Distillery still appears to occupy the majority of the buildings within the development area. By the 1923 Edition Ordnance Survey (Fig. 9) the previously undeveloped north-eastern portion of site now has several substantial structures located upon it. The Lavender Distillery still occupies the majority of the site with several of the buildings having expanded. By the 1965 Edition Ordnance Survey the north-eastern half of the site has undergone more development, with several more structures covering the area. A small portion of the site is also in use as allotment gardens (Fig. 10). The 1982 Edition Ordnance Survey (Fig. 11) shows the site much as it is today. Buildings cover the majority of the site, with only the north-eastern part of the site remaining largely undeveloped. Discussion In considering the archaeological potential of the study area, various factors must be taken into account, including previously recorded archaeological sites, previous land-use and disturbance and future land-use including any proposed redevelopment. A survey of the Sites and Monuments Records does indicate that Hitchin has a rich and varied archaeological past. The area has seen fairly continuous activity from Saxon times through to the present day with sporadic earlier activity. The proximity of the site to other known areas of archaeological interest and its 8

11 relatively large size within an urban context suggest that it is highly likely that archaeological deposits could be encountered within the site boundaries. However, there are several factors that may diminish this potential, such as the extent of damage and truncation caused by the current and previous buildings located on the site. As the site visit revealed, the eastern boundary of the site, along Whinbush Road, slopes down from the road perhaps suggesting that some truncation occurred during the construction of the more recent buildings along this boundary. Nevertheless, it is also important to note that the adjoining plot to 104/105 Bancroft was subject to an archaeological investigation which, despite truncation from the later buildings on site, did identify deposits of both medieval and early post-medieval date. The cartographic evidence shows that the site has been developed from at least the 1700 s onwards, becoming more heavily occupied towards the mid-late 19th century. The site appears to have been utilised by largely industrial buildings associated with the chemical distillery. Although the site has had a covering of buildings there are a few areas which have not undergone development, and as a result archaeological deposits could survive well within these areas. A Grade II listed building (105 Bancroft) lies within the boundary of the site. It is most likely to be a requirement of the Council that this building is not only retained on site but also its structure maintained. Any development proposals will also need to consider the effects of their construction on the setting of this building. Proposed modifications considered necessary to ensure the sustainable use of this building and necessary maintenance work may require a programme of historic building recording prior to, and during this work. In conclusion it is considered that the site does have archaeological potential. It would seem most appropriate therefore to carry out an archaeological evaluation to provide information on the archaeological potential of the site by fieldwork. This information can be used, if necessary, to draw up a mitigation strategy to minimize the effects of development on any archaeological deposits present. A scheme for this evaluation will need to be drawn up and implemented by a competent archaeological contractor, according to a written scheme of investigation approved by the archaeological advisor to the Local Planning Authority. References BGS, 1995, British Geological Survey, Sheet 221, Solid and Drift Edition, Scale1:50000 Cameron, K, 1996, English Place Names, London Chauncer, 1700, History of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire Foster, A M, 1981, The Book of Hitchin, Buckingham HCC 1998, Hertfordshire County Council Structure Plan, Hertford Margery, I D, 1955, Roman Roads of Britain, London Mills, A D, 1998, Dictionary of English Place Names, Oxford NHDCLP 1996, North Hertfordshire District Council Local Plan, Letchworth 9

12 PPG15, 1994,, Dept of the Environment Planning Policy Guidance 15, Planning and the Historic Environment, HMSO PPG16, 1990, Dept of the Environment Planning Policy Guidance 16, Archaeology and Planning, HMSO Strik, D, 2002, Assessment of an archaeological excavation at 33 Queen Street, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, Pre- Construct Archaeology Ltd, London Williams, A and Martin, G H, 2002, Domesday Book, A Complete Translation, London VCH, 1971, Victoria County History of Hertfordshire, Vol III, London 10

13 APPENDIX 1: Sites and Monuments Records within a 750m search radius of the development site No SMR Ref Grid Ref (TL) Type Period Comment Find Palaeolithic Flint tools Find Palaeolithic Flint tools Find Palaeolithic Hand axes Find Mesolithic Flint flake Find Neolithic Flint axe Find Neolithic Flint axe Find Bronze Age Bronze axe Find Bronze age Founders metal Find Neolithic/Bronze Age Flint tool Site Prehistoric Pottery and urns containing cremated bone Find Neolithic/Bronze Age Arrowhead Find Iron Age Coin found at Walsworth, Hitchin Find Roman Pottery and evidence of occupation Find Roman Pottery and evidence of occupation Find Roman Pottery and evidence of occupation Find Roman Pottery and evidence of occupation Find Roman Pottery and evidence of occupation Find Roman Pottery and evidence of occupation Find Roman Pottery and evidence of occupation Road Roman Supposed line of Roman Road Fieldwork Saxon Evidence of Saxon occupation and inhumations. Appears to be duplication of entries 38 & Find Saxon Pottery Find Saxon Pin Find Saxon Broad leaf shaped implement of silvered iron Find Saxon Barbed (fishing?) spear Find Saxon/Medieval Saxon spear or medieval trowel Fieldwork Medieval Observations carried out identified Post medieval cellars, and a 14-15th century garden soil over the whole site Fieldwork Medieval Pit containing waster of Hertfordshire Greyware Find Medieval Pit containing possibly overfired wasters of greyware Building Post medieval Grade II listed. House Site Medieval Site of Gilbertine Priory Structure Post medieval Postal wall box located in shop wall Site Post medieval Gas Engine Factory and building Post medieval 17 th -19 th centuries Site of the William Ransom herb distillery established in Bancroft is a grade II listed building Settlement Medieval/post medieval Bancroft, lies outside the medieval core of Hitchin but represents later medieval ribbon development Fieldwork Medieval/post medieval Evidence of occupation and industrial activity Site Post medieval Site of post mill Building Post medieval Grade II Listed. House Building Post medieval Grade II listed. Town House Building Post medieval Grade II Listed. House Fieldwork Post medieval A watching brief revealed substantial 19-20th century building debris Site Post medieval Site of former Bridewell or Prison Site Post medieval Site of former waterworks Structure Post medieval Red brick bridge, built in Building Post medieval Site Modern A Pillbox is reported to have stood on the site Fieldwork Iron Age Excavation revealed evidence of Iron Age occupation Fieldwork Post medieval Cobbled yards and timber framed buildings fronting Portmill Lane, most dated to 17th and 18th centuries Fieldwork Roman Coins and pottery discovered during excavation Fieldwork Medieval/post medieval Medieval pits and evidence of post medieval terracing Site Saxon Possible site of Saxon Manor Settlement Medieval Building Saxon/Medieval Church of St Mary, Hitchin, built in 12th century. Church is also described in the 10th/11th centuries as a Minster Find Palaeolithic Flint implements Site Medieval Well Fieldwork Roman/Saxon/Medieval Several phases of activity were identified during fieldwork ranging from Roman occupation, Saxon sunken-featured buildings and medieval occupation Fieldwork Saxon/Medieval/ Post medieval Saxon inhumations, one medieval feature and post medieval garden soil and pit 11

14 APPENDIX 2: Historic and modern maps consulted 1577 Saxton s map of Hertfordshire (Fig. 2) 1676 Seller s map of Hertfordshire (Fig. 3) 1695 Oliver s map of Hertfordshire 1700 Drapentier s Map of the Town of Hitchin (Fig. 4) 1749 Warburton s map of Hertfordshire 1766 Drury and Andrew s map of Hertfordshire 1822 Bryants map of Hertfordshire 1844 Tithe map of Hitchin (Fig. 5) 1852 Map of the town of Hitchin (Fig. 6) 1881 First Edition Ordnance Survey Hertfordshire Sheet XII.I (Fig. 7) 1898 Second Edition Ordnance Survey Hertfordshire Sheet XII.I (Fig. 8) 1923 Edition Ordnance Survey Hertfordshire Sheet XII.I (Fig. 9) 1965 Edition Ordnance Survey TL 1829 SE 1:1250 (Fig. 10) 1982 Edition Ordnance Survey TL 1829 SE 1:1250 (Fig. 11) 12

15 Key: Medieval SITE Prehistoric Roman Post medieval Modern Saxon Mixed SITE TL Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure 1. Location of site within Hitchin and Hertfordshire. Reproduced from Ordnance Survey Pathfinder 1117 TL02/12 and TL 03/13 at 1:12500 Ordnance Survey Licence AL52324A0001

16 Approximate location of site 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure 2. Saxton s map of Hertfordshire, 1577

17 Approximate location of site 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure 3. Seller s map of Hertfordshire, 1676

18 SITE 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure 4. Plan of the town of Hitchin, by Drapentier (after Chauncer s History of Hertfordshire, 1700)

19 SITE 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure 5. Tithe map of Hitchin, 1844

20 SITE 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure 6. Plan of the town of Hitchin, 1852

21 SITE 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure 7. First Edition Ordnance Survey, 1881

22 SITE 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure 8. Second Edition Ordnance Survey, 1898

23 SITE 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure Edition Ordnance Survey

24 29400 SITE Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure Edition Ordnance Survey Reproduced from Ordnance Survey TL1829 SE 1:1250 Ordnance Survey Licence AL52324A0001

25 SITE TL Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure Edition Ordnance Survey, Reproduced from Ordnance Survey TL 1829 SE 1:1250 Ordnance Survey Licence AL52324A0001

26 SITE 104 Bancroft, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 2003 BHH03/88 Figure 12. Plan showing detail of development area.