The Visual Cultures of Classical Greece. Prof. Dimitris Plantzos

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1 The Visual Cultures of Classical Greece Prof. Dimitris Plantzos

2 The Visual Cultures of Classical Greece What is Greek about Greek art? Commemorating the dead in Early Greece. Gifts to the gods in Greek sanctuaries. Agalma: pleasing immortals and mortals alike. The art of Greek pottery. Mimesis: nature as aesthetic ideal. Visiting a Greek sanctuary. Theatron: performing the myths on Greek stage. Skiagraphia: painting with shadows. Sculpture in the Hellenistic period. Eikon: immortalising the mortals. Doron: the art of Greek jewellery.

3 The Visual Cultures of Classical Greece What is Greek about Greek art? Commemorating the dead in Early Greece. Gifts to the gods in Greek sanctuaries. Agalma: pleasing immortals and mortals alike. The art of Greek pottery. Mimesis: nature as aesthetic ideal. Visiting a Greek sanctuary. Theatron: performing the myths on Greek stage. Skiagraphia: painting with shadows. Sculpture in the Hellenistic period. Eikon: immortalising the mortals. Doron: the art of Greek jewellery.

4 Greek art chronological art: Bronze Age ( BCE) Submycenaean ( BCE) Protogeometric period ( BCE) Geometric period ( BCE) Archaic period ( BCE) Classical period ( BCE) Hellenistic period ( BCE)

5 Early Iron Age ( BCE): Bronze Age ( BCE) Submycenaean ( BCE) Protogeometric period ( BCE) Geometric period ( BCE) Archaic period ( BCE) Classical period ( BCE) Hellenistic period ( BCE)

6

7 Protogeometric period ( BCE): New social and political organization Cultural recovery for Greece The term refers to the prevalence of geometric motifs on pottery Strong break with the Mycenaean civilization Some elements of continuity with the past

8 1100 BCE: cremation Cremation becomes more widespread Inhumation not completely abandoned, but retained throughout antiquity Choice a matter of family tradition Also on social and economic reasons Cremation costly (skilled labor, expensive materials)

9 pit grave: Simple rectangular pit dug into the earth or bedrock Cremation burials are divided into: primary, when the body is cremated on the spot where the grave is dug secondary, where the remains of the cremated body are transferred to another spot

10 10 th c. BCE

11 amphora with horizontal handles amphora with vertical handles

12 Silhouette painting

13 Protogeometric pottery: limited number of geometric motifs: concentric circles and semicircles, bands, chequer board patterns, hatched triangles and zigzags bands and horizontal divisions articulated structure silhouette

14 Protogeometric pottery: limited number of geometric motifs: concentric circles and semicircles, bands, chequer board patterns, hatched triangles and zigzags bands and horizontal divisions articulated structure silhouette Compass Multiple brush

15 Geometric period ( BCE): Early Geometric ( BCE) Middle Geometric ( BCE) Late Geometric Ι ( BCE Late Geometric ΙΙ ( BCE)

16 Geometric period ( BCE): Formation of new settlements Appearance of new political institutions Economy remained largely agricultural Development of small scale industry Consolidation of the social stratification

17 Colonization:

18 Introduction of the alphabet: Athens, Late Geometric oenochoe. c BCE

19 Epic poetry: Athens, Late Geometric mug. c BCE

20 Sanctuaries: Olympia, Geometric figurine. 8 th c. BCE

21 Birth of figurative art: Athens, Geometric cup. c BCE

22 OLYMPIA

23 Geometric pottery: Variety of Geometric themes Silhouette Geometric composition Balance and symmetry Technological progress Iconographic references to myth, recent history and daily life

24 Athenian Geometric pottery:

25 Athenian Geometric pottery: vases painted entirely black decoration restricted to the neck and shoulder absence of the circles and semi-circles of the previous period linear motifs (e.g. meander) Early Geometric ( BCE)

26 Athenian Geometric pottery: decorative zones increase significantly circles make a revival in some shapes, now framed by linear decorative zones human figures and animals make a tentative appearance Middle Geometric ( BCE)

27 Athenian Geometric pottery: some pots become monumental in design and size covered almost entirely with geometric patterns figurative scenes with wholly narrative character Late Geometric I ( BCE)

28 Athenian Geometric pottery: austere geometric composition and decoration gradually abandoned curvilinear designs appear increase in iconographic references to myth and epic Late Geometric II ( BCE)

29 Tomb of Rich Athenian Lady (850 BCE)

30 Tomb of Rich Athenian Lady (850 BCE) Athens, Middle Geometric pyxis. c. 850 BCE

31 Flat-base pyxides (8 th c. BCE):

32 The Dipylon Vases (c BCE)

33 The Dipylon Vases (c BCE) Semata [grave markers]

34

35 prothesis

36 ekphora

37 chariots

38 battle scenes

39 ships

40

41

42 Eleusis, Geometric cup. 8 th c. BCE

43 Olympia, bronze cauldron leg. 8 th c. BCE

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