Bellerophon, Daedalus, and Orpheus. Bellerophon. Corinth and Eurynome, Queen of Corinth. When he was young, he captured the

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1 Bernhardt, Seco, Urban 1 Eric Bernhardt, Sergio Seco, David Urban Mr. Hill Greek I 14 November 2018 Bellerophon, Daedalus, and Orpheus Bellerophon I. Synopsis Bellerophon was born either the son of Poseidon, god of the sea, or Glaucus, king of Corinth and Eurynome, Queen of Corinth. When he was young, he captured the legendary Pegasus. He was then exiled for murdering a relative and came to the court of the king of Argos, Proteus. However, the Queen of Argos, Anteia, fell in love with him and when he denied her, she falsely accused him of sexual harassment. Enraged, Proteus sent him off to the King of Lycia, Iobates, to be executed. When he arrived in Lycia, the king sent him to battle the Chimera on Mount Cragus, a fire-breathing beast who was composed of three animals, thinking he would surely meet his death. However, Bellerophon slew the beast with the help of his flying horse, Pegasus, and a large lance tipped with molten lead. He returned to the king victorious and Iobates was upset because of his success. Iobates then sent him to battle the Amazons and Solymi, in which he was also successful. Iobates, intent on killing the young hero, prepared an ambush of several guards to kill him. Bellerophon then slew them all, impressing Iobates, who then gave him his throne and daughter, Philonoe, for marriage. His children include Loadameia, Isander, and Hippolochus. Unhappy with his achievements, he tried to ascend to heaven on Pegasus. This enraged Zeus, who then sent a gadfly to sting Pegasus. He was then

2 Bernhardt, Seco, Urban 2 hurled off the horse and flew down to Earth, where he then wandered for the rest of his days in the Aelian field, shunned by gods and men. However, Pegasus succeeded in reaching heaven and was taken in by Zeus. II. Characters - Bellerophon: He is a Corinthian hero who slew the Chimera and attempted to ascend to heaven on his flying horse, the Pegasus. - Pegasus: It is a magical flying horse who assisted Bellerophon in the slaying of the Chimera. - Glaucus: He is the King of Corinth and possible father of Bellerophon. - Eurynome: She is the Queen of Corinth and mother of Bellerophon. - Poseidon: He is the God of the Sea and possible father of Bellerophon. - Proteus: He is the King of Argos who wanted Bellerophon dead after his wife accused the young hero of misconduct. - Anteia: She is the Queen of Argos, who fell in love with Bellerophon. After he denied her, she accused him of sexual harassment. - Iobates: He is the king of Lycia and father-in-law of Bellerophon. He was first asked to put Bellerophon to his death but later came to respect him. - Philonoe: She is the daughter of Iobates and wife of Bellerophon. - Loadameia, Isander, Hippolochus: They are the children of Bellerophon. - Chimera: It is a fire-breathing monster with a lion s head, a goat s body, and a serpent s tail. III. Locations

3 Bernhardt, Seco, Urban 3 - Corinth: The city where Bellerophon was born. Here, he was royalty and next in line for the throne until he was accused of murder and exiled. - Argos: The city where Bellerophon came to for his exile. He stayed until he was accused of sexual misconduct by the queen, Anteia. - Lycia: A region in Anatolia where Bellerophon was sent to die. He later earned the respect of the king and was gifted large plots of land there. - Mount Cragus: The home of the Chimera and its final resting place after it was slain by Bellerophon. - Aelian Field: Where Bellerophon spent the rest of his days wandering after he was shunned by gods and men for hubris. IV. Map Corinth Argos Lycia Aelian Field Mt. Cragus V. Bibliography - Homer. The Iliad.

4 Bernhardt, Seco, Urban 4 - Apollodorus. The Library. Daedalus I. Synopsis Daedalus was born in Athens as the son of Metion and Alcippe. Daedalus was very fond of sculpting, so much that he killed his nephew Talos when he exceeded him in skill. He was then exiled to Crete, where he became very good friends with Minos. He constructed the wooden cow for Pasiphae, which leads to the birth of the Minotaur. To contain the monster, Daedalus constructed the Labyrinth, a complex maze filled with twists and turns. Minos, angered by the fact that he helped Pasiphae have intercourse with a bull, locked up Daedalus and his son Icarus. However, Pasiphae released him and he and his son managed to escape on wings made of wax and feathers. Daedalus safety flew away but Icarus flew too close to the sun, melting the wax and causing the wings to fall apart. He then fell down to his death into the Aegean Sea. Daedalus arrived at the city of Agrigentum in Sicily, where he was welcomed by King Cocalus, who financed him in producing many great works of art. Enraged by the fact Daedalus was alive, Minos sailed to Sicily in search of him. In order to find him, Minos challenged whoever he encountered with a riddle: to get a string through a shell. Daedalus easily solved it by having an ant take the string through the shell. Minos then knew Cocalus was harboring Daedalus and demanded he been handed over. Cocalus invited him in to take a bath, only to have his daughters murder him. Daedalus went on the build a magnificent temple to Aphrodite on Mt. Eryx and a vapor bath in a cave in Selinus. II. Characters

5 Bernhardt, Seco, Urban 5 - Daedalus: He is the creator of the Labyrinth and assisted Pasiphae in giving birth to the Minotaur. He escaped Crete on wings made of wax and lost his son when Icarus flew too close to the sun. - Metion: He is the father of Daedalus and husband of Alcippe. - Alcippe: She is the mother of Daedalus and wife of Metion. - Icarus: He is the son of Daedalus and died because he flew too close to the sun, causing the wax in his wings to melt. - Minos: He is the King of Crete and a good friend of Daedalus. This was until he found out his role in the birth of the Minotaur, and tried to imprison and kill Daedalus. - Pasiphae: She is the wife of Minos and mother of the Minotaur. Daedalus assisted her in having intercourse with a bull by building her a wooden cow. - Cocalus: He is the king of Sicily who welcomed Daedalus and gave him protection and financing for his projects. His daughters murdered Minos when he came in search of Daedalus. III. Locations - Athens: The city where Daedalus was born and raised. Here, he was accused of murder and exiled. - Crete: The island on which Daedalus was exiled to and where he befriended King Minos. Here, he built the Labyrinth in Knossos and helped Pasiphae by building a wooden cow. - Sicily: An island near Italy where Daedalus fled from Minos. On the journey here, he lost his son because he flew too close to the sun. - Selinus: A city in Sicily in which Daedalus constructed a vapor bath in a cave.

6 Bernhardt, Seco, Urban 6 - Agrigentum: A city in Sicily ruled by King Cocalus. Here, Daedalus was protected and financed to work on several art projects. - Mount Eryx: A mountain where Daedalus constructed a massive temple to Aphrodite. Here he created a golden honeycomb so lifelike, no one could tell the difference between it and the real thing. IV. Map Athens Selinus Mt. Eryx Agrigentum Crete V. Bibliography - Siculus, Diodorus. Library of History. Orpheus I. Synopsis Orpheus, born in Pieria, was a poet, musician, and prophet whose parents are Apollo or Oeagrus, king of Thrace, and Calliope, a muse. He learned his skills from the god Apollo and his mother playing his golden lyre. Orpheus wife, Eurycide, fleeing a satyr was

7 Bernhardt, Seco, Urban 7 bitten by a viper and died. Orpheus then began to sing very mournful songs out of his grief. The gods hearing his songs, encouraged him to go to the underworld to bring his wife back. Orpheus followed their advice, meeting with Hades and Persephone in the underworld, playing his very mournful songs. The songs, very mournful, convinced them to give Orpheus his wife back. He had one condition though, which was that he could not look back exiting the underworld to see Eurycide. He looked back before exiting and never saw Eurycide again. Throughout his life, he also visits Pagasae, Mount Parnassus, and Lesbos. Orpheus towards the end of his life only worshipped the sun who he called Apollo. One day he was caught and killed by the Thracian Maenads, worshipping Apollo at the oracle of Dionysus. He is considered to have perfected the lyre since he had enchanted everyone, even the gods, granting him power. Another short myth involving Orpheus is how he helped the Argonauts on their journey get passed the sirens with his lyre. He played music that was louder and more beautiful than the sirens sang to make sure his companions were not enchanted. II. Characters - Orpheus: The master of playing the lyre. Attempted to bring his wife back from the underworld with his golden lyre. - Hades: King of the underworld, almost lets Eurycide leave, enchanted by Orpheus - Persephone: Queen of the underworld, also almost lets Eurycide leave - Eurycide: wife of Orpheus, killed by - Apollo: god of music and sun. possible father of Orpheus and gave a golden lyre to him - Calliope: one of the nine muses. Mother of Orpheus. - Oeagrus: Father of Orpheus and king of Thrace

8 Bernhardt, Seco, Urban 8 - Dionysus: God of wine, part of the reason for why Orpheus dies - Argonauts: a band of heroes on a quest to find the golden fleece. - Thracian Maenads: They kill Orpheus because he worships in the wrong place III. Locations - Underworld: the home of the dead, ruled by the gods: Hades and Persephone. - Pieria: birthplace of Orpheus. - Macedonia: death place of Orpheus. - Thrace: Country that his father ruled. IV. Map

9 Bernhardt, Seco, Urban 9 V. Bibliography - Apollodorus. The Library - Greek Encyclopedia