Archeology of 7th C BC. 3b Pottery. Orientalizing pottery Beginning of Black-figure Attic pottery

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1 Archeology of 7th C BC 3b Pottery Orientalizing pottery Beginning of Black-figure Attic pottery

2 Text book: Boardman, J. 1998: Early Greek Vase Painting.

3 Sir John Davidson Beazley ( to ) was a British classical archeologist and art historian, known for his classification of attic vases by artistic style. He was Professor of Classical Archeology and Art at the University of Oxford from 1925 to 1956.

4 Geometric Greece self-sufficient in its economy as well as in art. Mid of 8th Century expansion of Greek = > trade Changes in pottery style: curves, flora and fauna, human figures

5 Animal style Human figures

6 Corinth cca 725 BC: First Greek city which developed the Orientalizing style About one generation later: Athens and Cycladic islands East Greece geometric style during all 7 th C Orientalizing and Black figure pottery kept ca 2 Centuries Many local styles and schools

7 Corinth Due of its trade activities Corinthian pottery is found on almost every contemporary Greek sit both at home and overseas. The style of Corinth is easy to clarify, since its evolution is generally even and steady

8 EARLY PROTOCORINTHIAN (C BC) - Sphings and oriental flora - The commonest and characteristic Protocorinthian shape is the ARYBALLOS - Globular (in middle Corinthian ovoid) - Animals and birds are rare and vary a lot - kotyle, oinochoe, straight-sided pyxis w/ flattish knobbed lid - Corinth was the dominant supplier of the grooving export trade in Greek pottery

9 Aryballos

10 Oinochoe Kotylai

11

12 MIDDLE PROTOCORINTHIAN (C. 700 / 650 BC) Black-figure technique: 1. Black siluette 2. Engraving of details, or contours by sharp point - It was done before the vessel was fired and was still wet.

13

14

15 Decoration motives dot-rosettes, chain of lotus blossoms, palmets

16 Protocorinthian was essentially a miniaturist style

17

18 LATE PROTOCORINTHIAN ( B.C.) and TRANSITIONAL ( ) - Transformation to black figure animal - industrial production - The style was cheapened - Bigger and longer animals - Panters are replacing lions - Bull between lion and panther - Black band with white, purple and yellow strips White figures on black ground, or black on black

19

20 TRANSITIONAL PHASE New tendencies are visible Less precise contures New shapes The commonest shape still ARIBALLOS, but lengthened and narrowed, pointed or piriform The olpe is new Oinochoe more popular Subgeometric decoration on the neck Kotylai and concave-sided pyxides

21

22

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24 THE RIPE ANIMAL STYLE ( BC) Early ripe period > its heyday The painters effort was to obtain quickly and easily a rich and decorative effect Broad friezes Long careless animal Thick details Filling ornaments Less lions, more panthers Boar, bull, goat, deer remain popular Hares, eagles, geese and snakes on aribbaloi Owls are more numerous Hybrids appear: typhon, trithon, boread, mistress of beasts Floral ornaments: almost only lotus and palmettes Continous chains. If single floral motive then doubled lotus Assyian influences to corinthian art Ariballos, alabastron >> kotylai, olpe, oinochoe >> neck-amphora and column krater appear Middle ripe period > the animal style is disintegrating

25

26 THE RIPE STYLE HUMAN FIGURES ( BC) Protocorinthian pots with human figures are RARE Two influences: from animal style and from free paiting Column crater (from Louvre) Strong influence on Attic Timonidas: the only Corinthian vasepainter whose name we know

27 Timonidas

28

29 Protocorinthian pottery was a luxury A lot of wares made very simply with simple decoration of plain bands, animal silhouettes (dogs, hares)

30 SUBGEOMETRIC AND LINEAR STYLES (725 5 TH C BC) The invention of protocorinthian style didn t pushed out the geometric tradition Enrichment of repertory Some oriental novelties Spiral hook and four-leaved flower Solid triangles firstly on shoulder, later transfered to bottom Simple linear decoration better: linear style.

31 TECHNIQUES Corinth: deposits of whitish clays containing the traces of iron oxide After firing very pale yellow Very distinguished from the redder clays for other Greek region Pinkish tinge, from 7 th C greenish tinge Red tones are avoided >> paint in brown, reddish brown, dark brown, black For ornament: white, purple, yellow

32 EXPORT & INFLUENCES Exported to all parts of Greek world with exception of the East The only pottery which was widely exported The trade reached the peak in Early Ripe period. Attic competition appeared. 6 th C rapid decline Imitation only in the West (Ischia, Cumae) = Italo-corinthian school. The Ripe style: in Etruria and Attica

33 ATHENS The geometric style of Athens had been distinguished by a strong sense of order collapse of the approach Experiments with the forms = Protoattic style

34 EARLY PROTOATTIC ( BC) The lower half of the body is still geometric Above we are in the new world : lions, birds with cracked necks A native development from Geometric, not the adaptation of Oriental models ANALATOS painter started his carrier as an geometric style painter and after years can be described as a pioneer of Early Attic school

35

36

37 The bell-krater in Munich (ca 690): - Protocorinthian school

38

39

40 Analatos hydria: different

41 Popular motives: sphinx, horse, winged man, Centaurus Dogs, cocks, eagles Bulky figures More movement Hunting scenes, chariots parades Two parallel schools: new figural painting and still geometric tradition

42 Shapes: hydria = new invention, amphora, small globular oinochoe, stemmed bowl, mug The wide-necked oinochoe disappeared

43 THE BLACK AND WHITE STYLE ( BC) This generation of artists is free of geometric mannerism In Aegina, Boeotia, Megara, Perachora near Corinth, Haereum in Argos

44 New York Nessos Amphora ca 660

45 LATE PROTOATTIC ( BC) Period of the transition to clear Black-figure style The black and white style fell into a decline about 650 BC So called three-colour school Animals became black as first, human figures resisted longer On some pots elaborate polychromy: reds, yellow, browns, bluish green Period of monumental style Shapes> big amphora, kotylai-krates united with its stand and lid Decoration in light panel in black

46 Nessos Amphora in Athens (ca 615)

47

48

49 ATTIC BLACK-FIGURE: THE PERIOD OF CORINTHIAN INFLUENCE ( ) Nessos painter: boundary between Protoattic and Attic Nessos is followed by the GORGON painter About one generation when Corinth pottery is influenting Athenian

50 Gorgon painter

51 Eurythos Crater

52

53 Sophilos painter First Attic painter known by his name Contemporary with Corinthian Timonidas Same school with Gorgon painter, but more laboured Corinthian fashion in shapes White horses Females white, males black (purple in face) 570 the satyrs are appeared The art of the 8 th 7 th C was indifferent to sex

54

55 Francoise vase Found near Chiusi in Etruria (in Florence today) No black-figure vase of so rich and complete decoration survived complete except the Francoise vase Theseus returning to Athens 200 figures, many of them named Meticulous in details Microscopic patterns Sure and elegant drawing Much is derivated from Corinthian style Human figures are moving, sphigx and griffons look as sculptures

56 Cleitias ca st real Black-figure vessel

57 Athenian cups They appear about 580 Comast cups Flaring foot, short offset lip Shape form Corinth Three dancers in chitons, later naked Purple faces and chests are common

58

59 Siana cups Rims are higher, cups wider, foot taller Contours are more precise Balance of white and dark Lower part of cup is usually black, otherwise patterned elaborately

60

61 TYRRHENIAN AMHORA So called pannel style

62 Attic black-figure in early 6 th C tends to human figures Animal style faded out about 550 BC together with all old systems of decoration Before 600: starts Athenian influence of Corinth Attic pottery is found in Aegina, Boeotia, Troy, Naucratis (Egypt), Caere (Etruria) Shortly after 600: also Black Sea, Delphi, Ithaca, Etruria commonly, Massalia, Greek Italy and Sicily

63 LACONIA The reserving period: Laconian I ( ) The Early Black-figure period: Laconian II ( ) The developed Black-figure style: Laconian III ( ) Laconian plain wares

64 Other regions: Boeotia Euboia (Chlacis and Eretria school) Cyclades (Theran Subgeometric, Linear island group, the protome group, Melian group, polychrome plates) East Greek cities (Subgeometric and bird bowls, the wild goat style, the Chiot styles, Ionian little mastersfikellura, Clazomenian black-figurs and sarcophagi, Vroulian, Crete, Italy, Etruscan schools: bucchero and black-figures etc.)

65 Laconia Eretria

66 Boeotia Eretria Skyros

67 Cycladic

68 Melos

69 Ionian

70 Samian

71

72 Sculptures of 7 th C BC

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