Blending Methods and Other Improvements for Exemplar-based Image Inpainting Techniques
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1 Blending Methods and Other Improvements for Exemplar-based Image Inpainting Techniques Maxime Daisy, Pierre Buyssens, David Tschumperlé and Olivier Lézoray GREYC - CNRS UMR 6072, Image team 9 th of April 2015
2 Context D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
3 Context D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
4 Context D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
5 Context D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
6 Context D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
7 Context Geometry-based methods [Masnou et al. 98, Bertalmio et al. 00, Chan et al. 01, Tschumperlé and Deriche 03,...] boundary geometry interpolation Good global geometry reconstruction Not able to create complex textures Time consuming D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
8 Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
9 Inpainted with Diffusion PDE s [Tschumperlé and Deriche 03] D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
10 Context Pattern-based methods [Efros and Leung 99, Criminisi et al. 04, Lemeur et al. 11,...] copy/paste of image chunks Large area reconstruction Quite fast Not enough local/global coherence e.g. block-effect artifacts Best compromise between time and quality D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
11 Context Criminisi et al. 2004, "Region Filling and Object Removal by Exemplar-Based Image Inpainting" D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
12 Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
13 Inpainted with [Criminisi et al. 04] D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
14 Exemplar-based inpainting : Proposed improvements D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
15 Exemplar-based Inpainting Algorithm Proposed improvements 1 priority accuracy enhancement more global geometry consistency 2 better lookup statregy more local geometry consistency 3 spatial patch blending strongly reduced block-effect artifacts D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
16 A better data term accuracy Criminisi et al. data term D p = I p. n p (1) α "The gradient I p is computed as the maximum value of the image gradient in Ψ p I." I p = { I q arg max I q } (2) q ((I Ω) ψ p) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
17 A better data term accuracy Proposed data term D p = G p. n p (3) with G p = w p (q) I q I T q (4) q ψ p (I Ω) w p : normalized 2d gaussian centered at p D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
18 A better lookup strategy Criminisi et al lookup strategy window search? faster much less global all over the image search? slow not so much good results D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
19 A better lookup strategy Window search Iteration 0 D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
20 A better lookup strategy Window search Iteration n D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
21 A better lookup strategy Our lookup strategy inspired from [Ashikhmin 01, PatchMatch 09] local/global search scheme use search sites of surrounding inpainted patches more local coherence D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
22 A better lookup strategy D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
23 Joshua Tree Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
24 Joshua Tree Inpainted with windowed search (4.5s) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
25 Joshua Tree Inpainted with smart search (3.2s) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
26 Fake Owl Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
27 Fake Owl Inpainted with windowed search (1.7s) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
28 Fake Owl Inpainted with smart search (0.8s) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
29 block-effect artifacts? D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
30 Spatial Patch Blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
31 Spatial Patch Blending Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
![Spatial Patch Blending Inpainted with [Criminisi et al. 04] D.](/docs-images/76/73413307/images/32-0.jpg "Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April")
32 Spatial Patch Blending Inpainted with [Criminisi et al. 04] D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
33 Spatial Patch Blending Inpainted with diffusion PDE s [Tschumperlé and Deriche 03] D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
34 Spatial Patch Blending Inpainted with [Criminisi et al. 04] + Our spatial patch blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
35 Artifact Detection Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
36 Artifact Detection Inpainted with [Criminisi et al. 04] D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
37 Artifact Detection 1 Map of the artifact location probabilities 2 hypothesis for artifact locations local sharp variations in the inpainted image source patches come from very different locations P A = I. div(φ) φ : inpainting correspondence map 2 Strongest artifact locations L A = {p P A (p) > τ} 3 Blending amplitude map σ(p) = ρ. w(p,q) q L A max r I q L A w(p,q) with w(p, q) = exp ) ( p q 2 P A (q) 2 (5) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
38 Artifact Detection Inpainted image. D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
39 Artifact Detection Break field image. D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
40 Artifact Detection Break points. D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
41 Artifact Detection Blending amplitude map. D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
42 Patch Blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
43 Patch Blending Weighted sum of overlapping patches pixels values w(p, q). ψ q (p q) ψ q Ψ p J(p) = w(q, p) ψ q Ψ p ) w(p, q) = exp ( p q 2 σ(p) 2 Ψ p = {ψ q ψ q ψ p } (6) one gaussian function for each possible blending amplitude quite slow D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
44 A faster patch blending algorithm D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
45 Result Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
46 Result Inpainted image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
47 Result Inpainted Image + Spatial patch blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
48 Block-effect artifacts? Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
49 Block-effect artifacts? Inpainted Image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
50 Block-effect artifacts? Blended Image (isotropic) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
51 Geometry-guided patch blending : process Anisotropic image regularization D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
52 Geometry-guided patch blending : process Anisotropic patch blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
53 Geometry-guided patch blending 1 Structure eigen values normalization ˆλ S(p)i = λ S(p) max p I λ S(p)i 2 Blending tensors eigen values computation 3 Blending tensor building 1 λ Bi = (1 + ˆλ S1 + ˆλ S2 ) γ i B = λ σb1 e S1.T e S1 + λ σb2e S2.T e S2 (7) e Si : structure tensor eigen vectors λ σbi = σ B λ Bi σ B : maximum blending bandwidth D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
54 Geometry-guided patch blending Weighted sum of overlapping patches pixels values using Eq. (6) with ) exp ( p q 2 isotropic σ(p) w(p, q) = ( 2 ) X exp T B(p) 1 X anisotropic where X = q p 2σ 2 B D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
55 block-effect artifacts? Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
56 block-effect artifacts? Inpainted image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
57 block-effect artifacts? Blended image (isotropic) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
58 block-effect artifacts? Blended image (geometry-guided) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
59 Woman Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
60 Woman Without blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
61 Woman Isotropic patch blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
62 Woman Geometry-guided patch blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
63 Copter Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
64 Copter Copter + mask D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
65 Copter Inpainted + anisotropic patch blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
66 Opera Masked image D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
67 Opera Inpainted + anisotropic patch blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
![Opera Inpainted without blending [Lemeur et al 11] D.](/docs-images/76/73413307/images/68-0.jpg "Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of")
68 Opera Inpainted without blending [Lemeur et al 11] D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
69 Video Inpainting D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
70 Adaptation to videos priorities computed frame by frame cobblestone patches (e.g. of size 5 5 3) and lookup windows Shown to be working in the state of the art Wexler et al. TPAMI 2007, "Space-time completion of Videos" Newson et al. SIAM J. Imaging sciences 2014, "Video inpainting of complex scenes" D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
71 Space-time artifacts Space-time patch blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
72 Adaptation to videos Space-time patch blending D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
73 Masked video : (x,y) and (x,t) plans D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
74 Inpainted video (without blending) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
75 Blended Image (geometry-guided) D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
76 Conclusion Contributions 1 Improvements of a reference inpainting method 2 Method to reduce block-effect artifacts 3 Adaptation of (1) and (2) to video data Recent advances Depth-aware patch blending for stereoscopic inpainted results More results at D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
77 References and publications References Wexler et al., Space-Time Video Completion, IEEE TPAMI 2007 Newson et al., Video Inpainting of Complex Scenes, SIAM J. IMAGING SCIENCES 2014 Publications Daisy M., Tschumperlé D. and Lézoray O., Spatial Patch Blending for Artefact Reduction in Pattern-Based Inpainting Techniques, CAIP 13 Daisy M., Tschumperlé D. and Lézoray O., A Fast Spatial Patch Blending Algorithm for Artefact Reduction in Pattern-based Image Inpainting, SIGGRAPH-ASIA 13 Daisy M., Buyssens P., Tschumperlé D. and Lézoray O., A smarter exemplar-based inpainting algorithm using local and global heuristics for more geometric coherence, ICIP 14 D. Tschumperlé (GREYC, Caen - FRANCE) Journée Imagerie Rouen 9 th of April / 45
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