French overseas territories :

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1 1 Addressing the socio-economic and environmental pressures faced by Island Communities : Indian ocean (Mozambic channel) French overseas territories : Lagoon brief examples : how does planning integrate (... or not) aquaculture activities? 1

2 2 Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the European Union and overseas territories Member States of the European Union, including the ORs (outermost regions) and their EEZ Territories of Member States outside the European Union and their EEZ Candidate country for accession to the European Union and their EEZ 2

3 3 Two examples in outermost regions of the EU Member States of the European Union, including the ORs (outermost regions) and their EEZ Territories of Member States outside the European Union and their EEZ Candidate country for accession to the European Union and their EEZ Guadeloupe Mayotte 3

4 4 Two examples in the french overseas territories, outside the EU Member States of the European Union, including the ORs (outermost regions) and their EEZ Territories of Member States outside the European Union and their EEZ Candidate country for accession to the European Union and their EEZ Guadeloupe Mayotte New Caledonia French Polynesia 4

5 5 Four examples of marine planning in the french overseas territories Member States of the European Union, including the ORs (outermost regions) and their EEZ Territories of Member States outside the European Union and their EEZ Candidate country for accession to the European Union and their EEZ Guadeloupe Mayotte New Caledonia French Polynesia 5

6 6 Example of the Guadeloupe French territories ("DROM" = outermost "région" and "département" (= RUP = Outermost region of EU) Guadeloupe Other french territories (= outside EU) 6

7 7 GUADELOUPE Search and Rescue Region (SRR) France EEZ France (managed by the French government) Carribbean Sea Shallow lagoon Protected marine area [ 2009 ] ("maritime area adjacent to the National Park") managed by the French government) 120 km² National nature reserve Land National Park [ 1989 ] managed by the French government) km 7

8 8 Example of Mayotte French territories ("DROM" = outermost "région" and "département" (= RUP = Outermost region of EU) Mayotte Other french territories (= outside EU) 8

9 9 Comoro islands Madagascar Search and Rescue (SRR) MAYOTTE Other french EEZ Indian ocean (Mozambic channel) Lagoon Protected marine area "Parc Naturel marin de Mayotte" [ 2010 ] managed by the French government the entire EEZ (lagoon included) km² km 9

10 10 Example of New Caledonia French territories ("DROM" = outermost "région" and "département" (= RUP = Outermost region of EU) New Caledonia Other french territories (= outside EU) 10

11 11 Pacific ocean (Coral sea) New Caledonia Search and Rescue Region (SRR) EEZ : 1,450,000 km² managed by the Government of New Caledonia inland and territorial waters managed by the Provinces, municipalities (South, North and Loyalty Islands) Pacific ocean (New Caledonian basin) Lagoon / unoccupied territory Lagoon / inhabited territory 11

12 12 The superimposition of different authorities A new-caledonian peculiarity This example deserves a little attention the State the New Caledonian government the three Provinces Customary law the Customary Senate that enacts rules that can substitute for law the communes 12

13 13 New Caledonia Superimposition of different authorities (environmental and economic development competences ) French gouvernment Government of New Caledonia Search and Rescue Region (SRR) Exclusive economic zone EEZ (188 nautical miles) Territorial waters (12 nautical miles) Reef Inland waters Coastal strip (300 m) ZPG : area of "50 geometric steps", 81 m (or 40 m) from the upper limit of the shoreline Earth Provinces Customary law Municipalities Lagoon Ground Subsoil 13

14 14.. therefore, the direction of maritime affairs of New Caledonia had to make the following diagram to explain to the different carriers of projects the distribution of the competences between the different authorities (environmental and economic development competences ) 14

15 15 New Caledonia Successful planning process with the creation of a Marine Protected Area "Coral Sea Nature Park" on a large marine area, including the entire EEZ (without the Grande Terre lagoon) with a management plan approved on 19 March 2018 in a "" governance (New Caledonian government and Provinces), outside the European Union. inland and territorial waters managed by the Provinces, municipalities (South, North and Loyalty Islands) Pacific ocean (New Caledonian basin) Protected marine area [ 2018 ] In the entire EEZ "Parc Naturel de la mer de Corail" managed by the Government of New Caledonia (Lagoon not included) Lagoon / unoccupied territory Lagoon / inhabited territory 15

16 16 Example of The french Polynesia French territories ("DROM" = outermost "région" and "département" (= "RUP" = Outermost region of EU) French Polynesia Other french territories (= outside EU) 16

17 17 FRENCH POLYNESIA SOCIETY ISLANDS TUAMOTU ARCHIPELAGO MARQUISAS ISLANDS AUSTRALES ISLANDS GAMBIER ISLANDS 17

18 18 FRENCH POLYNESIA Exclusiv Economic Zone EEZ managed by the Polynesian government Search and Rescue Region (SRR TAHITI No large marine protected large area Project 2020 of a very large "Managed marine area" "Tainui-Atea", (covering the entire EEZ : 5.5 Millions km²) Planning managed by the Government of New Caledonia types of existing planning : Limit of the exclusive economic zone Marine Protected Area of the Marquesas Islands (in consultation phase) Interly recognized protected marine areas Regulated Fishing Areas (RPZ) Maritime Management Plan Classified sites Marine areas managed by people Marine educational areas Reflection in progress Diazabakana, A., Binet, T., Rochette, 11 September J Etude / d optimisation Gran Canaria d une aire marine gérée DML à l échelle / French de Ministry la ZEE polynésienne. for an Ecological (conservation Recommandations Solidary of the et orientations. Transition Austral sea Septembre space) pp 40 18

19 19 French overseas territories : how does planning integrate (... or not) aquaculture activities? 19

20 20 French overseas territories : How did they integrate aquaculture into planning? a simplified reading grid 20

21 21 The triangle of sustainable planning... Social The triangle for sustainable development depending on whether the authorities in charge of planning are looking primarily at the ecological, economic or social objective Equitable Livable Sustainable Economic Viable Ecological 21

22 22 But... depending on levels of governance a -central axis Social according to the level of the authority or the most influential authorities for the allocation of authorizations to exploit in aquaculture This axis should be represented as a perpendicular axis, in third dimension, in altitude, Local power Regional power Equitable National power a centripetal axis: according to whether : - the power is > (at the periphery of the diagram ), or - central (in the center of the figure); Livable National Regional Local power power power Sustainable Viable Economic Ecological 22

23 23 How does this reading grid work? Example : Social Example of an installed aquaculture activity, in an protected area by the authority ( nature reserve) but with the economic support (investment subsidies) of the authorities (SRDAM Aquaculture in Sustainable Development Regional Program) for a small fish farm integrated into a tourist complex Level of governance Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable Viable Economic Ecological 23

24 24 Social Example : This example can be placed here on the simplified reading grid : the purpose of planning (by the authority) remains a priority for environmental protection, but allowing (supported by the authority) economic development that respects the environment. Level of governance Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable Viable Economic Ecological 24

25 25 French overseas territories : How did they integrate aquaculture into planning? Now let's take a look at the four examples, to see how different, or authorities have integrated aquaculture into the planning of the marine and coastal area 25

26 26 MAYOTTE Protected marine area "Parc Naturel marin de Mayotte" managed by the French government the entire EEZ (lagoon included) Indian ocean (Mozambic channel) Lagoon 26

27 27 MAYOTTE Protected marine area "Parc Naturel marin de Mayotte" managed by the French government the entire EEZ (lagoon included) Indian ocean (Mozambic channel) Lagoon Fish farm and hatchery X X Integrated into management plan of the PMA + SRDAM (régional scheme for aquaculture development) (# < 5 t/year) 27

28 28 MAYOTTE Social This example can be placed here on the simplified reading grid, the purpose of planning (by the authority) remains a priority for environmental protection and social integration. Level of governance Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable MAYOTTE Viable Economic Ecological 28

29 29 GUADELOUPE Protected marine area [ 2009 ] ("maritime area adjacent to the National Park") managed by the French government) 120 km² EEZ France (managed by the French government) Carribbean Sea Shallow lagoon Land National Park [ 1989 ] managed by the French government) National nature reserve km 29

30 30 GUADELOUPE Protected marine area [ 2009 ] ("maritime area adjacent to the National Park") managed by the French government) 120 km² EEZ France (managed by the French government) Carribbean Sea Shallow lagoon X Fish farm and hatchery Integrated into management plan of the PMA + SRDAM (régional scheme for aquaculture development) [2013] (# < 10 t/year) Land National Park [ 1989 ] managed by the French government) National nature reserve km 30

31 31 GUADELOUPE Social The goal of planning (by authority) remains in a priority of environmental protection, but by allowing (by the authority) an economic development respectful of the environment. Equitable Livable Sustainable Viable GUADELOUPE Economic Ecological 31

32 32 French overseas territories and aquaculture : Social Level of governance Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable MAYOTTE Viable GUADELOUPE Economic Ecological 32

33 33 New Caledonia Protected marine area The entire EEZ "Parc Naturel de la mer de Corail" managed by the Government of New Caledonia (Lagoon not included) Pacific ocean (New Caledonian basin) Shrimp farms inland and territorial waters managed by the Provinces, municipalities (South, North and Loyalty Islands) X X X No master plan for aquaculture (# t/year) Lagoon / unoccupied territory Lagoon / inhabited territory There is no aquaculture development plan or zoning project, The existing aquaculture activities (shrimp, mainly, for export) have developed in the Northern Province, thanks to private initiatives supported by the Provinces. 33

34 34 Social New Caledonia The public intervention on aquaculture is not (yet) integrated into planning. The objective of the public intervention (Provinces) is essentially economic we can therefore place the Caledonian example here : Level of governance Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable Viable New CALEDONIA Economic Ecological 34

35 35 French overseas territories and aquaculture : Social Level of governance Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable MAYOTTE Viable New CALEDONIA GUADELOUPE Economic Ecological 35

36 36 French Polynesia Exclusiv Economic Zone EEZ managed by the Polynesian government Future large managed marine area The entire EEZ managed by the Government of Polynesia (Lagoons included) X X X X future master plan for aquaculture and Hao atoll (# t/year) Shrimp anf fish farms # 140 t/year there is an aquaculture zoning project developed on the basis of ecological, aquaculture and socio-economic criteria for the lagoon of the Tahiti peninsula and the Raiatea-Tahaa lagoons,... And a major development project. a marine fish farming industry on Hao Atoll and its surroundings,...; all these projects must be integrated in a master plan for aquaculture (which is being developed) throughout Polynesia Diazabakana, A., Binet, T., Rochette, 11 September J Etude / d optimisation Gran Canaria d une aire marine gérée DML à l échelle / French de Ministry la ZEE polynésienne. for an Ecological Recommandations Solidary et orientations. Transition Septembre pp 40 36

37 37 French Polynesia : Social the project of installing a gigantic fish farm on an island of a very large archipelago : - where it is, in fact, the power of the island that finally decides to host this gigantic project, - within a very large EEZ that and authorities can only plan within the framework of a very large "managed marine area" project. Level of governance Equitable The objectives pursued by decision-makers are, in this case, essentially economic Level of governance Livable and social Sustainable Viable Economic Ecological 37

38 38 Social French Polynesia : This example can be placed here on the simplified reading grid, the objectives are essentially economic and social decision-makers are more than central Level of governance Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable Viable Economic Ecological 38

39 39 French overseas territories and aquaculture : Social Four quite different ways of integrating aquaculture into the planning process French POLYNESIA Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable MAYOTTE Viable New CALEDONIA GUADELOUPE Economic Ecological 39

40 40... and for conclusion-question : Social Is it possible to achieve sustainable development objectives? (particularly that respect the ecology and the social) without strong involvement (and power) of central authorities? French POLYNESIA Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable MAYOTTE Viable New CALEDONIA GUADELOUPE Economic Ecological 40

41 41... and for conclusion-question : Social and, for these central authorities : -? or -inter? French POLYNESIA Equitable Livable Level of governance Sustainable MAYOTTE Viable New CALEDONIA GUADELOUPE Economic Ecological 41

42 42 mauruuru roa Oléti Ëi Orengo Mési onpil Marahaba for your attention 42