3 EU overseas entities (2 PT / 1 ES)

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1 3 EU overseas entities (2 PT / 1 ES) Largest biodiversity reservoir of Europe: more than 5,600 endemics among 23,000 marine and terrestrial species Ecosystem profile for the Macaronesia overseas region Luisa Madruga, Francisco Wallenstein & José Azevedo Fundo Regional para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FRCT)

2 Total area Context 99% marine area > 3x size of Spain and Portugal together With the Azores being the largest of the ORs Population density Average 245/km 2 > double the pop. density of Portugal mainland Canaries are the most populated EU overseas with over 2 million inhabitants Average GDP per capita still lower than Portugal or Spain mainland hotel Riu Palace Madeira

3 Biological importance of the region Economy relies largely on natural resources and biodiversity Tourism Agriculture Fisheries Canary Is. Tourism ~ 15% of GAV while agriculture and fisheries remain important in Azores

4 Existing biodiversity 23,000 marine and terrestrial species, from which more than 5,600 endemics Azorina vidalii (EN) Azores 658 globally threatened species, 92% endemics At least 40% of endemics are known from only one site Pterodroma madeira (EN) Madeira Gallotia galloti (CR) Canaries Mycteroperca fusca (EN) Macaronesia Habitat degradation of Laurissilva: Reduction of native evergreen humid forest to < 20% of original cover has led species to extinction

5 Existing biodiversity

6 Existing biodiversity Some recent extinctions Haematopus meadewaldoi Canary Island oystercatcher (XX century) Emberiza alcoveri Escribano patilargo (recent)

7 Existing biodiversity Probable current extinctions Leyostila cassida (Madeira) Sculptiferussacia clausiliaeformis (Canary Is.) Pieris wollastoni (Madeira) Monilearia granostriata (Canary Is.) Leyostila cassidula (Madeira) Others (Canary Is.): Monilearia arguineguinensis Monilearia pulverulenta Atlantica guerinianus (Madeira)

8 Main threats and pressures on biodiversity habitat destruction fostered by human population growth (exacerbated by tourism), agriculture and forestry Alien species Giuseppe_Nerilli Jose_Ortiz Liftarn

9 Key biodiversity areas (KBAs) AZORES example of S. Miguel Island Pink: CR & EN Blue: VU Yellow: Endemic Lines: Protected areas

10 Key biodiversity areas (KBAs) Madeira archipelago Identified KBAs Priority 1 KBAs Terrestrial 13 3 Terrestrial & Marine 3 3 Lines: KBAs Green: Priority 1 Total 16 6 Provisional results

11 Key biodiversity areas (KBAs) CANARY ISLANDS Identified KBAs Priority 1 KBAs Terrestrial Marine 7 0 Total Provisional results

12 Key biodiversity areas (KBAs) CANARY ISLANDS example of Tenerife Lines: KBAs Green: Priority 1

13 Current conservation activities Project Budget Results Saving Pyrrhula murina from extinction (since 2003) Saving Monachus monachus from extinction (since 1988) Expanding the range of Columba junoniae ( ) 1,143,364 ( ) 1,401,870 ( ) Species went from "CR" to "EN (IUCN s Red List); recovered over 100 ha. of endemic bullfinch s habitat; creation of a visitors centre Creation of a Nature Reserve to protect the monk seal; recovery of the only surviving Macaronesian population of the monk seal (CR) Re-introducing the white tailed laurel pigeon and creation of a viable population ( pairs) on Gran Canaria

14 Current investments in conservation International and EU level Ratification of Treaties and Conventions: CBD CITES Bern Convention Bonn Convention Ramsar Convention Other policy instruments: EC Birds and Habitats directives and the Natura 2000 network Man and Biosphere programme network REDBIOS

15 Current investments in conservation Regional level Cooperation between the Canaries, Madeira and Azores islands supported by EU programmes Programme Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal (Madeira-Azores-Canary Is. [MAC]) (and Cape Verde, Maritania and Senegal as 3rd countries) Period Transnational Cooperation Programme Madeira-Açores Canarias (MAC) INTERREG III-B Community Initiative Programme

16 Current investments in conservation Regional level Cooperation between the Canaries, Madeira and Azores islands supported by EU programs Bionatura: management and Conservation of Macaronesian Biodiversity (priority species list and a list of the most important exotic species) MACETUS: creation of a Macaronesian Network for the study of cetaceans BASEMAC: ex-situ conservation project for the threatened endemic species of Madeira, Azores and Canary Islands OGAMP: planning and management of MPAs to promote the Integrated Coastal Zone Plans for those marine and coastal areas included in Natura 2000 network Reia-Mac: network of Environmental Education and Information Centres in Madeira, Azores and the Canary islands

17 Current investments in conservation Local level Significant effort in each off the archipelagos to establish a network of protected areas, as well as on implementing Natura 2000 Network MACARONESIA Nº Marine Land Area (ha) area (%) area (%) Protected areas Natura 2000 Network % 45% Other areas with conservation status Nº Area (ha) Important Bird Areas Biosphere Reserves Ramsar OSPAR Alliance for Zero Extinction 2 n.a Primary Butterfly Area 1 n.a Nélida Rodríguez

18 Current investments in conservation Local level Implemented LIFE-Nature projects in the region ( ) Nº Examples conservation of endemic birds, such as the Azorean bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina), the Gran Canaria blue chaffinch (Fringilla teydea polatzeki) and dark and white tailed laurel pigeons (Columba bolli, C. junoniae) 65 management and conservation of the Laurisilva Forest of Madeira recovery plans and reintroduction of the giant lizard of El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi machadoi) measures for the recovery of the monk seal (Monachus monachus) in the Atlantic and support projects for the conservation of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

19 Critical areas for action and investment needs Baseline data collection & species assessment Distribution and abundance, assessment of conservation status Research Enhancement of coordinated research on local ecosystems and endemic species, as well as on invasive species

20 Critical areas for action and investment needs Habitat restoration & biodiversity maintenance Ecological restoration of natural habitats Jose_Ortiz Invasive alien species control Development of eradication/ control programmes

21 Priorities & investment niches Annual investment needs for Natura 2000 in Macaronesia (estimates for the period ) Macaronesia: million Azores Madeira Canary Islands 25.0 million 4.7 million million

22 Priorities & investment niches Species recovery plans (Canary Islands) Taxa Investment needs/year ( ) Arthropods 435,571 Birds 678,450 Molluscs 3,217,558 Plants 3,057,501 Reptiles 950,023 Total 12,101,012 Mammals and fish: to be estimated Monitoring conservation status For plants (population and phenology): 20,000/year/species Marcel Gil

23 Priorities & investment niches Creation of micro-reserves in areas of severely fragmented habitats (Madeira)

24 Priorities & investment niches Comprehensive mapping of marine habitat and species distribution (La Palma example)

25 Priorities & investment niches Study distribution of sperm whales on navigation channels to reduce ship strikes (Canary Islands) 400,000/one year project (estimated cost)

26 Contact us in the Macaronesia hub José AZEVEDO BEST III Macaronesia Coordinator Francisco WALLENSTEIN BEST III Macaronesia Expert Luisa MADRUGA BEST III Macaronesia Ecosystem Profile Expert

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