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2 Persia

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4 » 1. largest empire in history and eventually noticed Athens and other citystate s wealth Persians demand offer of Earth and Water

5 » B. Ionian Revolt (99 49 BCE) 1. Greeks in Asia Minor want free from Persian control Which Greek city state most likely gets involved, or?

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13 » 1. Darius I lands on the plains of Marathon in 490 BCE just 21.2 miles northeast of Athens» 2. (not Sparta)» 3. Athenians and allies win with and without archers or cavalry!» 4. oracle prophesy -

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15 Δέσποτα, μέμνησον τοις Αθηναίοις "My lord, remember the Athenians"

16 Hear your fate, O dwellers in Sparta of the wide spaces. Either your famed great town must be sacked by Perseus' sons [the Persians] Or the whole land of Lacedaemon shall mourn the death of a king of the House of Heracles.

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19 Hot Gates Sulfurous Spring

20 The pass used to be much more narrow, with the sea as far inland as the modern-day road.

21 » Spartans were chosen from the whole of the army based on one factor:

22 Spartans: 300 Mantineans: 500 Tegeans: 500 Arcadian Orchomenos: 120 Other Arcadians: 1,000 Corinthians: 400 Floians: 200 Mycenaeans: 80 Thespians: 700 Thebans: 400 Phocians and Opuntan Locrians: 1,000 Total forces: 5,200

23 Fleet crew: 517,610 Infantry: 1,700,000 Cavalry: 80,000 Arabs and Libyans: 20,000 Greek allies 324,000 Total 2,641,610 Persian War Machine under Xerxes

24 Offer of mercy for four days

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26 A Secrete Path for Sabotage

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30 Friend, tell the Spartans that on this hill We lie obedient to them still.

31 » 1. Why was Thermopylae considered to be the best location to stage their defense? narrow pinch point / geography» 2. What was the overall Greek strategy to defeat the Persians? Spartans delay on land / Athens defeat Persia via Navy at sea» 3. How did Ephialtes change the way the Battle of Thermopylae was going for the Persians? that punk sold out the Spartans, showed a hidden path to outflank the Spartans» 4. How does this battle affect Athens in the near future? Athens is burnt to the ground!» 5. What is the final result of the Persian Wars? The GREEKS win and the Persians lose / Athens becomes an Empire like Persia» 6. Which polis was most responsible for the victory over the Persian Empire? Why?

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33 » 1. alliance led by Sparta fears Athens growing power, wealth and influence forces new members to adopt monarchies, aristocracies or oligarchies» 2. alliance led by Athens begins aggressively recruiting new members to the league that saved all of Greece collects a large membership protection fee forces new members to adopt democratic governments / not cool with hearing no

34 » The following quotation is from the dialogue between unnamed Athenian envoys negotiating with unnamed Melians as recounted by Thucydides.» The Athenians were trying to get the Spartan colony of Melos to join the Delian League and not the Peloponnesian League Here is Athenian direct democracy in action! - aggressive? - peaceful? - tolerant?

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37 Athens in the Age of Perikles The Peloponnesian War Alexander the Great

38 F. Age of Perikles ( BCE) 1. Direct Democracy where a large number of citizens take direct part in the day to day affairs of government a. 6,000 citizens to make an important vote b. stipend (fixed salary) given to government officials - now even the poor can participate and be influential

39 F. Age of Perikles ( BCE) 2. Public Juries a group of citizens who have the final say in a trial a. 100 s or 1,000 s of members rather than 12 today b. selected by lot and serve for one year

40 Socrates Trial 1. Who was Socrates? 2. What was Socrates crime against Athens? 3 What was his punishment?

41 F. Age of Perikles ( BCE) 3. ostracism public vote that removes a threatening citizen from Athens for 10 years -

42 F. Age of Perikles ( BCE) 4. Economic Renewal a. public works = everyone benefits - Parthenon

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46 Athens in the Age of Perikles The Peloponnesian War Alexander the Great

47 G. Peloponnesian War ( BCE) Peloponnesian League (Sparta) vs. Delian League (Athens) Sparta and others in the Peloponnesian League resent Athens power and wealth

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49 G. Peloponnesian War ( BCE) 1. Athens Geographic Disadvantage a. Athens has a powerful Navy (sea), but a weak army b. Sparta has a powerful army (land), but a weak navy c. Sparta can (and does) attack Athens by land and Athens cannot attack Sparta by sea d. to escape Spartan armies, Athens builds a series of huge walls e. Perikles invites all Athenians to move into the city and hide behind the walls

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51 G. Peloponnesian War ( BCE) 2. The Plague Breaks Out in Athens a. Perikles and 1/3 of all Athenians die in about a year b. Perikles Funeral Oration c. after Perikles, Athens has poor leaders who fight amongst themselves (gov t in chaos)

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53 G. Peloponnesian War ( BCE) 3. Sparta, still unable to win, asks PERSIA for help! a. with Persian help, Sparta and the Peloponnesian League capture Athens, steal Athens navy and end the Delian League b. the city of Athens is NOT destroyed out of respect for their help in the Persian Wars

54 G. Peloponnesian War ( BCE) 4. Aftermath of Peloponnesian War a. Ended Athenian domination of the Greek world b. Athens remains the cultural center c. Sparta, just a few years after defeating Athens, looses an epic battle to the polis of Thebes and their Sacred Band

55 H. A New Power Emerges 1. while the Greeks fought amongst themselves in the wake of the Peloponnesian War, Macedonia in the north grew strong under the leadership of Phillip II 2. in 359 BCE Philip s son, Alexander, was poised to become Alexander the Great

» 1. largest empire in history and eventually noticed Athens and other citystate s. Persians demand offer of Earth and Water

» 1. largest empire in history and eventually noticed Athens and other citystate s. Persians demand offer of Earth and Water Persia » 1. largest empire in history and eventually noticed Athens and other citystate s wealth Persians demand offer of Earth and Water » B. Ionian Revolt (499 494 BCE) 1. Greeks in Asia Minor want

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