Warm ups *What is unique about the status of Switzerland? *How Austria s history differed from that of Switzerland?

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1 Warm ups *What is unique about the status of Switzerland? *How Austria s history differed from that of Switzerland?

2 Lesson Objective: *describe how Spain differs physically, economically, and culturally from the rest of Europe *explain how political conditions and economic activities in Portugal have changed

3 Spain and Portugal (Iberian Peninsula) *Why do you think Spain and Portugal might be so different from the rest of Europe?

4 Pyrenees Mountains *Napoleon once said, Europe ends at the Pyrenees *their geographic location has influenced their history and culture enough to make them distinct from much of the rest of Europe

5 Spain s History *much of what is now Spain was ruled by a muslim group from North and West Africa, called the Moors *the Moors ruled much of present-day Spain for more than 700 years

6 Influence of the Moors *since the Moors are seen as foreign invaders of Spain, and were expelled from the country, people tend to ignore their legacy *they developed many cities that became known as centers of knowledge at the time period and were home to many great scientists and philosophers, amazing architecture, and advanced irrigation systems

7 Moorish Architecture *one of the most famous places was a palace and fortress called Alhambra, which was first built in 889 AD and developed more over time *another place was the Mezquita, which began as a mosque, but was converted into a cathedral after the Moors were expelled

8 Moorish Architecture

9 Regional Climate *nearly all of the region has a Mediterranean climate, which means they have mild, rainy winters, and hot, dry summers *the Cantabrian Mts. on the northern coast of the peninsula cause a rain shadow that keeps most of the region fairly dry

10 Regional Climate *because of the dry climate, many farmers practice dry farming, which is when they leave land unplanted every few years to allow it to gather moisture *siroccos, or hot, dry winds from northern Africa blow over this area

11 Spanish Economy *Spain has been gradually shifting from one based on agriculture to one based on newer, high tech industries *Spain s unemployment rate is around 22.7% today!

12 Spain s Cultural Divergence *despite having been under one central government for 500 years, Spain s regions hold onto their independent identities *an example of this is the Basque region of Spain; their culture and language is very different, and many of them wish to be an independent country

13 Portugal *Portugal is about the size of Indiana, but it has about 1.5 times as many people

14 Portugal s Climate *because it receives a lot of rain, farming is a large part of Portugal s economy *some of their main exports are olive oil, wheat, barley, and port wine

15 Global Trade Patterns *Portugal has had a large impact on world affairs *it became independent in 1143, when it defeated the Moors *it quickly became a trading nation, exploring East Asia and establishing colonies in Africa

16 Global Trade Patterns *Portugal also expanded its empire into the New World, colonizing much of South America (mostly what is Brazil today)

17 Portugal s Empire *in the 1800s, many of Spain and Portugal s colonies gained independence *however, it wasn t until 1975 that Portugal granted independence to their largest African colonies

18 Portugal s Empire *since Portugal granted independence to its African colonies, nearly 1 million people have migrated to Portugal from their previous African colonies *the total population of Portugal today is just over 10 million, so that number of migrants is significant

19 Portugal s Empire *a Portuguese Banker once observed, We didn t know if we were a small European country with big African holdings or a big African country with a foothold in Europe. *in 1986, they joined the EU, so it seems that they ve found their identity after all

20 Spain s Unemployment Issue Today ployment-rate *What types of issues could this cause for Spain s future?