Η ΑΠΟΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΕΡΕΧΘΕΙΟΥ ( )

Transcription

1 ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΘΡΗΣΚΕΥΜΑΤΩΝ, ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΘΛΗΤΙΣΜΟΥ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΑ ΣΥΝΤΗΡΗΣΗΣ ΜΝΗΜΕΙΩΝ ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΗΣ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ ΣΥΝΤΗΡΗΣΕΩΣ ΜΝΗΜΕΙΩΝ ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ ΑΠΟΔΟΣΗ ΑΝΑΣΤΗΛΩΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΡΓΩΝ ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ ΑΡ. 1 ΑΠΟΔΟΣΗ ΑΝΑΣΤΗΛΩΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΡΓΩΝ ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ ΑΡ. 1 Α. ΠΑΠΑΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ Η ΑΠΟΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΕΡΕΧΘΕΙΟΥ ( ) With selected texts in English Τόμος 1 Αθήνα 2012 TOMOS A_O.indd 1 10/29/12 12:02:00 PM

2 HELLENIC MiNISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM COMMITTEE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE ACROPOLIS MONUMENTS REPORTS ON THE ACROPOLIS RESTORATION WORKS, 1 A. PAPANIKOLAOU The Restoration of the Erechtheion ( ) Final Report on the WORK Edited by F. Mallouchou-Tufano, Ch. Bouras 642 Athens 2011

3 CONTENTS Ch. Bouras, Prologue F. Mallouchou-Tufano, Restoring the Erechtheion. Ambient atmosphere and conditions, reflections, discussions, decisions, evaluations F. Mallouchou-Tufano, The restoration of the Erechtheion ( ). Chronicle of actions and works A. Papanikolaou The Restoration of the Erechtheion ( ): Final report of the intervention Introduction 63 Chapter 1: From the study to accomplishment of the work 1.1 Preparation for the intervention 1.2 The organisation and planning of the work 1.3 The theoretical principles of the new intervention Chapter 2: The work-site 2.1 General 2.2 The bridge-cranes and their vertical supports 2.3 The combination of the vertical with the horizontal supports 2.4 The designing of the horizontal bridge-cranes 2.5 Composition and setting of the vertical scaffolding 2.6 The special contacts of the vertical components with the monument 2.7 Foundation of the tubular section scaffolding on the ground 2.8 Preparation of the rest of the area in the work-site Chapter 3: The dismantling of the monument 3.1 General 3.2 Techniques and methods of dismantling 3.3 The dismantling of the west section of the south wall 3.4 The dismantling of the south porch The dismantling of the superstructure of the south porch Transporting the Caryatids to the Acropolis Museum The dismantling of the crown blocks of the orthostates of the south porch 3.5 The dismantling of the rest of the restored section of the south wall 3.6 The dismantling of the west wall 3.7 The dismantling of the north porch 3.8 The dismantling of the section of the north wall above the north doorway 3.9 The dismantling of the restored section of the north wall

4 Chapter 4: The conservation of the dismantled architectural members: techniques and materials 4.1 Conservation, protection and filling in of the ancient building material Partial filling in of architectural members with new Pentelic marble Insertion of ancient fragments into places that had been filled in the Balanos intervention Special cases of structural restoration of the members I: Beams, wall architrave and lintel of the doorway in the north porch Special cases of structural restoration of the members II: Restoration of the semi-columns of the west wall Special cases of structural restoration of the members III: The restoration of the 2nd from east coffered ceiling block of the south porch 4.2 Titanium and its use The joining elements The dowels Structural restoration of ancient members with titanium reinforcements Cases in which titanium is used as a material to replace the iron reinforcements of the Balanos anastelosis Chapter 5: The reassembling of the monument 5.1 The new studies for finding the correct positions of the architectural members of the Erechtheion The rearrangement of the blocks of the south wall of the Erechtheion (C. Zambas) The repair of the loop-holes in the south wall The orthostate backers of the south wall and their restoration The rearrangement of the south wall crown course The rearrangement of the crown blocks of the orthostates of the south porch The rearrangement of the coffered ceiling blocks of the north porch (C. Zambas) The rearrangement of the blocks of the north wall 5.2 The geometric changes in the Erechtheion and the resetting of its members The deformations in the south wall The deformations in the west wall The deformations in the north wall 5.3 The scattered architectural material and its reintegration in the Erechtheion Reintegration of scattered architectural material in the north wall of the Erechtheion Reintegration of scattered architectural material in the north porch of the Erechtheion West wall Reintegration of scattered architectural material in the south porch of the Erechtheion 5.4 The restoration of the monument The restoration of the south wall The restoration of the south porch The restoration of the upper part of the west wall The restoration of the ceiling of the north porch The restoration of the north wall above the doorway The restoration of the north wall east of the north porch

5 5.4.7 The restoration of the northeast corner of the monument 432 Chapter 6: New information about the Erechtheion that has emerged during the intervention 6.1 The original arrangement of the orthostate crown blocks of the south porch The interventions on the orthostate crown blocks of the south porch during the Roman domination The orthostate crown blocks of the south porch during Christian times and the Turkish domination The orthostate crown blocks of the south porch in the Paccard anastelosis The orthostate crown blocks of the south porch in the Balanos anastelosis 6.2 Repairs to the doorway of the north porch during ancient times 6.3 Discoveries about the structure of the upper part of the west wall during the Roman domination The arrangement of the horizontal cornice of the west wall in Classical times and the repair of 25 B.C. 6.4 The Erechtheion after the 13th century Additional structures inside the Erechtheion Traces of later doorways in the Erechtheion The additional structures between the north wall and the east part of the north porch Additional structures against the outer face of the south wall Epilogue The criticism of the restoration intervention of the Erechtheion and the truth of the matter 525 Abbreviations - Bibliography 535 Appendices 1. Table of contents of the Study for the Restoration of the Erechtheion (1977) 2. Conclusions of the International Meeting on the Restoration of the Erechtheion (8-10 December 1977) 3. M. Korres, Report on the state of preservation and the intervention on the ceiling of the north porch of the Erechtheion 4. A. Papanikolaou - C. Zambas, Report on the state of preservation and the intervention on the ceiling of the north porch and the area of the north wall above the doorway 5. Th. Skoulikidis, Physiko-chemical interventions on the Erechtheion 6. M. Brouskari, The monuments of the Acropolis. The Erechtheion 7. F. Mallouchou-Tufano, The earlier interventions on the Erechtheion ( ) 8. Ch. Bouras, Anastelosis interventions on the Erechtheion ( ) 9. Y. Alexopoulos, Documentation of the work of restoration of the Erechtheion and its electronical management The people of the Erechtheion restoration work - Biographical notes Selected texts in English Snapshots of the works