Venice. Historical Model for a Modern Prototype in Water and Wetland Conservation

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1 Venice Historical Model for a Modern Prototype in Water and Wetland Conservation The hard story of a people who, at a particular moment in their history, witnessed the sea threaten their settlements (in the Roman era, the present area of the lagoon was divided into centuria lots, and therefore was populated) and who established for themselves this environmental condition, divided between earth and sea, between fluvial waters and marine waters Wladimiro Dorigo

2 Lagoon Located between the salt water of the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas and the fresh water sources of the mainland.

3 Venice At the time Venice was established, only certain islands existed in the lagoons amongst the first were Dorsoduro (Hard Back), Rialto (High Bank), Luprio (perhaps meaning Wetland Terrain), Olivolo and Spinalunga (Long Spine). Several of these early islands correspond to areas that became the more prominent and developed areas of the city: Rialto was the commercial center while Dorsoduro was the customs point. Situated between these islands, facing the node of intersecting canals that lead out to open sea (fig. 2), was the administrative center, San Marco.

4 Urban Fabric unlike that of the mainland owing to the constraints of the site owing to the influences of the cultures with which Venice interacted owing to the Venetian paradigm that makes anything possible islands are interconnected with bridges, sometimes with distorted configurations bridges were added after the islands became more densely built up island is lined along its perimeter with houses having at least one façade of the house fronting the canal

5 Campo each individual island is lined along its perimeter with houses having at least one façade of the house fronting the canal with small streets called "calli" separating the houses and allowing for access to the island's perimeter and to the bridges A campo at the center of each island often left clear

6 Wells

7 Wells

8 Lagoon Located between the salt water of the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas and the fresh water sources of the mainland.

9 Public Well System requires an outdoor area where water could be channeled from pavement was located in the middle of squares and courtyards resulted in a particular urban form was used to collect and conserve rainwater was filled with sand, that acted as a filter employed pipes named gatoli, that connected to cisterns employed cisterns named cassoni made of special bricks, named pozzali covered by stone slabs or brick, with several holes, named pilelle

10 Private Well System requires an outdoor area where water could be channelled from pavement and rooftops was located in the middle of courtyards resulted in a particular urban form was used to collect and conserve rainwater for domestic grey water use was filled with sand, that acted as a filter employed roof gutters named gorne, that connected to wall pipes named canoni da acqua employed wall pipes named canoni da acqua that connected to underground cisterns named cassoni

11 Public and Private Sewage System water could be channeled from interiors was located within perimeter walls was used to discharge black water into the canals; the salt water tides discharged the canal water twice a day employed pipes named canoni da necessario, that connected from the necessario to the gatolo employed a receptacle, named necessario made of bricks covered by stone or wood employed a receptacle, named gatolo, that discharged black water into the canals

12 Legislation 15 th Century inscription: Whosoever puts in peril the public waters of Venice, is an enemy to Venice, because she[the city Venice] is founded upon water and from the very water her existence depends. 15 th Century Legislative Documentation: Prohibited cultivation, pasture, and the treading upon the sand dunes. Prohibited deforestation the very evident reason that our lagoon is becoming silted, storm waters not having any retainer or obstacle, as they had with the forest, are the reasons why silt is flowing in the lagoon. Public Aqueduct System named The Seriola Canal constructed in 1611 brings around litters for day for person

13 MOSE (MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, Experimental Electromechanical Module.) Integrated defense system project Protects the city of Venice Consists of rows of mobile gates, coastal reinforcement, raised quaysides and pavement, and lagoon environment Isolates between the Venetian Lagoon and the Adriatic Sea when the tide reaches above established level (1.10 m - 3 m maximum Construction started in 2003 and is expected to be completed in 2014

14 MOSE (MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, Experimental Electromechanical Module.) System of retracting oscillating buoyancy flap gates. Does not modify water exchange between the sea and the lagoon to avoid damaging lagoon morphology and water quality. Does not obstruct navigation, thus interfering with port activities and fishing Does not alter the landscape

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