Social Science. WRITERS Natalia Gómez María More. ILLUSTRATIONS Dani Jiménez Esther Pérez-Cuadrado. SCIENCE CONSULTANT Raquel Macarrón

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1 3 Social Science Social Science Learning Lab is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Educational department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence. WRITERS Natalia Gómez María More ILLUSTRATIONS Dani Jiménez Esther Pérez-Cuadrado SCIENCE CONSULTANT Raquel Macarrón EDITOR Sara J. Checa EXECUTIVE EDITOR Peter Barton BILINGUAL PROJECT COORDINATION Margarita España Do not write in this book. Do all the activities in your notebook.

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3 Contents Get started!... 6 The relief of Spain Our rivers...22 Learning Lab game We live in Europe Our world Learning Lab game Studying the past Discovering history Learning Lab game Key vocabulary three 3

4 UNIT CONTENTS The relief of Spain Inland and coastal landscape features Parts of a mountain Relief maps Main features of the relief of Spain Highest mountains and mountain ranges in Spain 2 Our rivers Types of rivers Parts of a river Features of a river Spanish rivers River maps Cantabrian rivers Atlantic rivers Mediterranean rivers REVIEW Learning Lab game 3 We live in Europe Where is Europe? Types of maps The relief in Europe The coast in Europe Rivers and lakes in Europe Countries in Europe The population of Europe 4 Our world Asia North America South America Africa Oceania Antarctica REVIEW Learning Lab game 5 Studying the past Historical sources Archaeology Measuring time Timelines Years, centuries and ages Historical timelines Clues from the past 6 Discovering history Palaeolithic and Neolithic The Ancient Age The Middle Ages Renaissance The Industrial revolution REVIEW Learning Lab game KEY VOCABULARY 4 four

5 RAPS MINI LAB / BE A GEOGRAPHER! FINAL TASK The relief rap Compare landscapes Mountain presentation How do you read a relief map? Expedition to an autonomous community The river rap How are watersheds similar How do you read a watershed map? Expedition on a river The Russian rap Investigate a lake in Europe Learn European languages How do you read a political map? Expedition to a country in Europe The Oceania rap Discover monuments of the world How do you read map scales? Expedition to Asia The archaeology rap Finding fossils How do we look for clues from the past? Make a personal timeline The Renaissance rap Historical costume designs How can we predict the future? Expedition to the past five 5

6 Get started! Think about the world Look at the map. Name the continents and oceans _00_p06_h0_mundi_fisico_mudo 2 Can you name a country on each continent? Do you know a city in these countries? 3 Look at the photo. Describe it. What country can you see? Explain why. I can see Continent one is Asia. Spain is in Europe. Madrid is a city in Spain. I think it is because 6 six

7 A B C Think about yourself 4 Look at the photos of Sara. Order them. 5 Copy and complete. I am years old. My date of birth is I started school in the year I was years old. This year is I am years old. 6 What do you want to be when you grow up? Why? I want to be a geographer. I want to be a nurse. 7 In what year will you be 8 years old? How will the world be different? seven 7

8 The relief of Spain What are landscape features? A B C D Observe Look at the photos. What can you see? Talk to a partner. I can see a cliff. What can you see in photo A? You already know! Spain has different types of landscapes. There are coastal landscapes and inland landscapes. There are many different landscape features. 8 eight

9 How are landscapes similar? Mini Lab Compare landscapes A B Copy the diagram in your notebook. Landscape A Both Landscape B 2 Compare the two landscapes. 3 Write the landscape features and man-made elements that you can see in the correct circle. Write the things you can see in both in the centre. 4 How are the landscapes similar? How are they different? They are similar because Final task Expedition to an autonomous community nine 9

10 What is relief? Relief is the combination of landscape features in an area of land. The relief of coastal and inland landscapes is different. Coastal landscapes are next to the sea. A gulf is a large area of sea that extends into the land. A cape is an area of land that extends into the sea. An island is an area of land surrounded by water. A group of islands is called an archipelago. A peninsula is an area of land surrounded by water on all sides except one. It is connected to the coast by the isthmus. Listen to the definitions and write the names of the landscape features. 2 Play guess the landscape feature with a partner. It is a low elevation of land. Is it a hill? Yes! 3 Draw a coastal landscape in your notebook. Include a cape, a gulf and an archipelago. Label the landscape features. 0 ten

11 Key words Inland landscapes are far from the sea. beach cliff lake plateau river relief A mountain is an elevated area that is higher than the surrounding land. A valley is an area of low land between mountains. A plain is flat area of low land. A hill is a low natural elevation of land. Think about it 4 Copy and complete the diagram with hill, mountain and plain. eleven

12 Where is the foot of a mountain? Mountains can be alone in a landscape or grouped with other mountains. A mountain range is a group of mountains. A mountain chain is a line of mountain ranges. Mountains have different parts. The foot is the bottom of the mountain. The peak is the highest part of a mountain. The sides are called slopes. Copy the diagram and label the parts of the mountain. 2 twelve

13 Be a geographer! How do you read a relief map? Relief maps use different colours to show the height and shape of the land. ALTITUDE From,000 to,500 metres From 500 to,000 metres From 0 to 500 metres Look at the key What does green represent on the map? What does yellow represent? 2 What colour represents the highest mountains? 3 What colour represents the rivers? What does green represent on the map? Green represents low land. Look at the map 4 Copy and complete. a... represents a river. b... represents a mountain. c... represents a hill or plateau. d... represents a plain thirteen 3

14 What do you know about the relief of Spain? The relief of Spain is organised according to the height of the land. Cantabrian Sea F R A N C E CORDILLERA CANTÁBRICA P O R T U G A L TR A IC O B P L A T E A U A L R E S E A L A S SIS TE MA N CE B LQ U BA S IV I R IN M i ed te rra n n ea Se a S E MA SIST ICOS BÉT G UA DA I S O C E A N A T L A N T I C ANDORRA P I R I N E R SI O S O ST EM B A A S IB IN ÉR I N N E R L E ALTITUDE (metres) AT L A N T I C O C E A N ISLAS CAN ARI AS Altitude (metres) describes the height of a point compared with sea level (0 metres). Over 2,000 From,500 to 2,000 From,000 to,500 From 700 to,000 From 400 to 700 From 0 to 400 Think about90533_0_p2_h0_espana_fisico it Look at the map of Tenerife. Answer the questions. What is the highest point of the island? What is its altitude? Find Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Is this high or low land? 4 fourteen Puerto de la Cruz Teide # 3,78 m Los Cristianos Santa Cruz de Tenerife Candelaria

15 Key words THE RELIEF OF SPAIN river basin inside outside the Inner Plateau mountains two river basins two archipelagos The Inner Plateau is a large area of high and flat land in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. There are mountain ranges inside and around the Inner Plateau. Other mountains are outside the Inner Plateau. The Guadalquivir basin is in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. The Ebro basin is in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. The Islas Baleares are in the Mediterranean Sea. The Islas Canarias are in the Atlantic Ocean. 2 Let s rap! Listen and say the name of the relief. Think about it 3 Where is the Inner Plateau? Where is the Ebro basin? Tell a partner. Where is the Ebro basin? The Ebro basin is in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. fifteen 5

16 Where are the highest mountains in Spain? The highest mountain in Spain is Teide on Tenerife. It has an altitude of 3,78 metres. Spain has many other high mountains.. Cordillera Cantábrica This mountain chain is to the north of the Inner Plateau. 2. Pirineos This mountain chain is on the border of Spain, France and Andorra. 3. Sistema Ibérico This mountain chain is on the Inner Plateau. Highest mountain: Torre Cerredo Highest mountain: Aneto Highest mountain: Moncayo Observe Copy and complete the table. Cordillera Cantábrica Pirineos Sistema Ibérico Sistema Central Sistemas Béticos AREA On the Inner Plateau Around the Inner Plateau Outside the Inner Plateau MOUNTAINS 2 USE YOUR ATLAS. Look at a relief map of Spain. Add more mountains to your table. 6 sixteen

17 Cantabrian Sea 2 4. Sistema Central This mountain chain divides the Inner Plateau into two parts: north and south. ATLANTIC O CEAN Mediterranean Sea ATLANTIC OCEAN Highest mountain: Almanzor Mini Lab 5. Sistemas Béticos These mountain chains are in the south. The 90533_0_p5_h0_Espana_Fisico Cordillera Subbética is inland and the Cordillera Penibética is near the coast. Highest mountain: Mulhacén Mountain presentation Choose a mountain in Spain to investigate. 2 Find information. What is the altitude of your mountain? Which towns or cities is it near? Which plants grow there? Which animals live there? What activities can you do on your mountain? 3 Make a poster. Include pictures of the mountain and labels. 4 Present the information to your class. seventeen 7

18 Check your progress Vocabulary In your notebook, match the words and pictures. mountain A B mountain range C mountain chain Concepts 2 Write a sentence for each mountain chain. Sistemas Béticos The Sistema Central Sistema Ibérico Pirineos is are on around outside the Inner Plateau. Cordillera Cantábrica 3 Copy and correct the sentences. A. The Guadalquivir basin is in the north of Spain. B. The Ebro basin is in the south of Spain. C. The Islas Baleares are in the Atlantic Ocean. D. The Islas Canarias are in the Mediterranean Sea. 8 eighteen

19 Apply what you know 4 Describe the relief you see in the map. What relief can you see in the map? I can see ALTITUDE (metres) Over,000 From 400 to,000 From 0 to Copy and complete. the Inner Plateau THE RELIEF OF SPAIN mountains river basins archipelagos My progress How is my work? Think about your work in this unit. Copy and complete. Very well OK I need practice I can identify relief in maps and photos. I can identify the mountain ranges of Spain nineteen 9

20 Final task Expedition to an autonomous community Plan an expedition to explore the relief of an autonomous community. You need a notebook a pencil coloured pencils Think about it How many autonomous communities can you remember? 2 Make a decision In a group, compare the map of the autonomous communities and the relief map of Spain. Choose an autonomous community you want to visit. Let s visit Andalucía! OK! ATLANTIC O CEAN Cantabrian Sea CORDILLERA CANTÁBRICA SISTEMA CENTRAL SIS TE M A IBÉ RICO SISTEMAS BÉTICOS P I R I N E O S Mediterranean Sea PRINCIPADO DE ASTURIAS Santander PAÍS Santiago Oviedo CANTABRIA VASCO de Compostela Vitoria Pamplona GALICIA Logroño C.F. DE LA RIOJA NAVARRA CATALUÑA CASTILLA Y LEÓN Zaragoza Barcelona COMUNIDAD ARAGÓN DE MADRID ILLES BALEARS Madrid Toledo EXTREMADURA CASTILLA- Mérida LA MANCHA A N D A L U C Í A Sevilla Valencia COMUNITAT VALENCIANA Murcia REGIÓN DE MURCIA Palma ATLANTIC OCEAN Santa Cruz de Tenerife CANARIAS Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Ceuta Melilla 20 twenty

21 3 Plan your expedition In your group, use a relief map of the autonomous community. Which places do you want to visit? Why? What relief do you want to see? Why? What route do you want to take? Why? How do you want to travel? Why? What equipment do you need? Why? I want to visit Mulhacén and the Doñana National Park. We can travel by bike. 4 Make a poster Include: A map of the autonomous community with photos or drawings of some of the relief. A line to show the route you will take. A list of equipment. Information on how you will travel. Show and tell 5 Prepare a presentation Make notes: Why do you want to visit the autonomous community? Why did you choose the route? Why do you want to travel by river, road, land or sea? Why do you need the equipment? 6 Present your expedition to your class Take turns to speak. Use your poster to explain your expedition. twenty-one 2

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23 Key vocabulary

24 UNIT The relief of Spain altitude the height of a point compared with sea level (0 metres). archipelago a group of islands. cape an area of land that extends into the sea. foot the bottom of a mountain. gulf a large area of sea that extends into the land. hill a low natural elevation of land. island an area of land surrounded by water. isthmus an area of land that connects a peninsula to the coast. mountain an elevated area that is higher than the surrounding land. mountain chain a line of mountain ranges. mountain range a group of mountains. peak the highest part of a mountain. peninsula an area of land surrounded by water on all sides except one. plain a flat area of low land. plateau a flat area of high land. relief the combination of landscape features in an area of land. relief map a map that uses different colours to show the height and shape of the land. river basin a valley where the water flows into a river. slope the side of a mountain. valley an area of low land between mountains. 98 ninety-eight