Additions to the flora of the island of Kalimnos (SE Aegean, Greece)

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1 Additions to the flora of the island of Kalimnos (SE Aegean, Greece) Authors: Sevasti Zervou, Thomas Raus, and Artemios Yannitsaros Source: Willdenowia, 39(1) : Published By: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM) URL: BioOne Complete (complete.bioone.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne s Terms of Use, available at Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.

2 Willdenowia SEVASTI ZERVOU 1*, THOMAS RAUS 2 & ARTEMIOS YANNITSAROS 1 Additions to the flora of the island of Kalimnos (SE Aegean, Greece) Abstract Zervou S., Raus T. & Yannitsaros A.: Additions to the flora of the island of Kalimnos (SE Aegean, Greece). Willdenowia 39: Online ISSN ; 2009 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi: /wi (available via A detailed floristic study of Kalimnos resulted in the discovery of 232 vascular plant taxa (species and subspecies) that have not been reported previously from the island and are given in the present contribution. As a consequence, the known vascular plant flora of Kalimnos now comprises about 840 taxa. The distribution on the island of each added taxon, as well as its habitat types, are presented. Linum grandiflorum is reported for the first time as an adventive from Greece, Chasmanthe vittigera is reported as new for the Aegean islands, and Amaranthus muricatus and Taraxacum serotinum as new for the E Aegean islands. Some of the added taxa are not common in Greece, in particular Euphorbia valerianifolia, Heliotropium lasiocarpum, Hyoscyamus aureus, Phacelia tanacetifolia and Silene urvillei. Additional key words: vascular plants, biodiversity inventory, distribution, adventive plants, Dodekanisos. Introduction The Greek island of Kalimnos, covering an area of approximately 110 km 2, is the fourth largest island of the archipelago of Dodekanisos in the SE Aegean. It is situated NW of Kos and SE of Leros (36 55'14'' to 37 04' 41''N, 26 52'47'' to 27 03'05''E) (Fig. 1). The coast of the island is very fragmented and its rocky ground consists mainly of mesozoic limestones, although other formations, such as different types of neo- and palaeozoic amphibolites, schists and gneisses are present as well (Triantafyllis & Karfakis 1994). The highest peak, on Mt Profitis Ilias, reaches an altitude of 676 m. According to the climatic diagrams by Emberger (1955, 1959) and Sauvage (1963) and using climatic data from the nearest meteorological station, which is on the island of Leros (37 11'N, 26 48'E, alt m), the climate of Kalimnos is semi-arid, with mild winter. The dry period, according to the ombrothermic diagram by Bagnouls & Gaussen (1957), lasts almost seven months, from mid March until early October. Many botanists have been occupied with the study of the flora of Kalimnos previously. The first known publication is that of Forsyth Mayor & Barbey (1896), who reported 230 taxa. Boissieu (1896) added 12 taxa, Pampanini (1926) further eight and there are also a few reports by Fiori (1935, 1938). All previous reports were compiled by Rechinger (1943) in Flora Aegaea, together with several additions. Rechinger (1949) added further taxa, bringing the number up to 280. The main contribution to the flora of Kalimnos is that by Hansen (1980), who added many new and incorporated all previous records including those from volumes 1-5 of the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Davis ). Hansen (1980) reported a total of 525 taxa from Kalimnos. Records from more recent collectors were given in the volumes 6-11 of the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Davis ; Davis & al. 1988; Güner & al. 2000) and in the dot maps of the first two volumes of Flora Hellenica (Strid & Tan 1997, 2002). Especially the latter are without exact topographic and ecological data. Finally, Hirth & Spaeth (1994) reported several additional orchid taxa. Nevertheless, many areas of Kalimnos so far were left unexplored or visited only during certain periods of the year. 1 Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece; * szervou@biol.uoa.gr (author for correspondence), ayannit@biol.uoa.gr 2 Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D Berlin, Germany; t.raus@bgbm.org

3 166 Zervou & al.: Additions to the flora of Kalimnos Material and methods The floristic data presented originate mostly from collections and observations made on the island of Kalimnos by Sevasti Zervou from February 1998 to August 2008 and by Thomas Raus and Harrie Sipman in September Additional data were kindly provided by Rodney M. Burton from his own collections on the island in April-May 1988 and September 1989 and are included. All plant specimens collected by S. Zervou are deposited in her personal herbarium kept in the Herbarium of the University of Athens (ATHU). Specimens collected by Th. Raus and H. Sipman are kept in the Herbarium of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (B). Some specimens of the collections made by R. Burton are kept in his personal herbarium, others have been given to the Herbarium of the Natural History Museum in London (BM). The nomenclature of the listed taxa follows mostly Strid & Tan (1997, 2002), Greuter & al. (1984, 1986, 1989), Greuter & Raab-Straube (2008) and Davis ( ). References regarding more recently described or revised taxa have also been used (Speta 1982; Scholz 1985, 1995; Jury 1987; Leuenberger 1991, 1993; Kent 1997; Greuter 2003a-b; Valdés & Scholz 2006; Persson 2007). The families, genera, species and subspecies are given in alphabetical order. For every taxon listed, localities, habitat types, collecting or observation dates and collection numbers are given. Transliteration of localities is in accordance with Flora Hellenica (Strid & Tan 1997). The collectors names are abbreviated as B (R. M. Burton), R&S (Th. Raus & H. Sipman) and Z (S. Zervou), while obs. and phot. indicate taxa that were not collected but only observed or photographed, respectively. List of taxa As a result, an additional number of 232 taxa are reported in the present contribution, increasing the vascular plant flora of Kalimnos to about 840 taxa (species and subspecies). Fig. 1. Geographical position of Kalimnos in Greece and a map of the island. Localities indicated are: 1: Mt Profitis Ilias; 2: Agios Pandeleimon; 3: Vigles; 4: Panormos; 5: Stimenia; 6: Arginonda; 7: Kastelli; 8: Masouri; 9: Sikia; 10: Mirties; 11: Melitsachas, Palios Melitsachas; 12: Platis Gialos; 13: Linaria; 14: Kandouni; 15: Chorio; 16: Argos; 17: Agios Fotis; 18: Pithari; 19: Cave of Kefala; 20: Agia Ekaterini; 21: Vlichadia; 22: Pothia; 23: Voutsani; 24: Akti; 25: Chali; 26: Vathis; 27: Metochi; 28: Mt Kira Psili; 29: Drasonda; 30: Pezonda; 31: Skalia; 32: Kalamies; 33: Emborios; 34: Palionisos; 35: Sikati. The list includes both indigenous and adventive taxa, the latter in addition to a separate contribution regarding the adventive flora of the island (Zervou & Yannitsaros, in press). The adventive taxa reported for the first time amount to 44 and are enclosed in square brackets. Pteridophyta Polypodiaceae Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Mirties, in seasonally dry ravine, , Z 998; ibid., , R&S 24092; Armeos near Masouri, W-facing vertical to overhanging limestone cliff, , R&S 23999; Agios Fotis monastery S of Kandouni, N-facing limestone cliff at the coast, , R&S 24084; Pithari, temporary wet place near the beach, , Z obs. Cheilanthes vellea (Aiton) F. Muell. Near the cave of Kefala, on limestone, , B ; ibid., , Z Kalimnos is clearly indicated on the distribution map of this species given by Zimmer (1991), but no locality or other collection data are provided.

4 Willdenowia Selaginellaceae Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring Between Masouri and Mirties, , B 88.79; Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 889; NW of Emborios, , R&S 24007; Armeos near Masouri, , Z obs.; Vathis, , Z obs.; Mt Kira Psili, , Z obs.; trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis, , Z obs.; road from Pothia to Vathis, , Z obs.; Vlichadia, , Z obs.; Akti, , Z obs.; Italian path from Pothia to Vathis, , Z obs.; trail from Arginonda to Vathis, , Z obs.; Mt Profitis Ilias, , Z obs.; near the cave of Kefala, , Z obs.; road to Argos, , Z obs.; Vigles, , Z obs.; road to Agios Pandeleimon, , Z obs.; Pezonda, , Z obs.; Voutsani, , Z obs.; Chali, , Z obs. Mostly on limestone, very common in various types of phrygana vegetation. Spermatophyta Gymnospermae Cupressaceae Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa (Sm.) Ball Chali, on rocky ground by the sea, , Z Pinaceae [Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe] Pothia, near Agios Savvas, , Z obs.; Masouri, , Z obs. This taxon is native in the East Aegean Islands but in Kalimnos there are neither spontaneous individuals nor natural forests. There is an old cultivated wood around the monastery of Agios Savvas in Pothia, which is well established and has clearly given rise to subspontaneous progeny. This taxon is also found as an escape near the beach of Masouri. [Pinus halepensis Mill. subsp. halepensis] Masouri, , Z obs. Cultivated in houseyards and found as an escape on the coastal rocks by the beach. Angiospermae Dicotyledones Aizoaceae [Aptenia cordifolia (L. f.) Schwantes] Trail from Linaria to Platis Gialos, hanging on coastal cliffs, , Z 572. Obviously a cultivation escape. [Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N. E. Br. var. edulis] Sikia, between Masouri and Mirties, hanging on coastal cliffs, almost reaching the sea, , Z obs. Escapes form cultivation. Amaranthaceae [Amaranthus albus L.] Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in road margins near the monastery, , Z 482; Vathis valley, Metochi, in irrigated vegetable field, , R&S A naturalized xenophyte, common in many parts of Greece. [Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson] Vathis, , B 89.13; ibid., , Z 1846; ibid., , R&S 24111; ibid., , Z 2648; Mirties, in sharp curve of new road above village, , R&S 24096; Masouri, , R&S A naturalized xenophyte, widespread in Greece. Amaranthus graecizans L. Masouri, , R&S [Amaranthus hybridus L.] Vathis, in ruderal places, , Z 1842a; ibid., , R&S A xenophyte naturalized in Greece. Possibly this is the first record from Dodekanisos due to undercollection of this weedy species. [Amaranthus quitensis Kunth] Vathis, , R&S A naturalized xenophyte, scattered in Greece. [Amaranthus muricatus (Moq.) Hieron] Pothia, in irrigated flower bed, , Z This naturalized xenophyte is known only from the central Aegean islands of Siros and Tinos (Raus 1997) and from the Byzantine Walls of Thessaloniki (Krigas & al. 1999, Krigas & Kokkini 2004). This is the first report of the species from the East Aegean islands. [Amaranthus retroflexus L.] Vathis, in ruderal places, , Z 1842b; ibid., , R&S obs. Naturalized and widespread in Greece. Anacardiaceae Pistacia atlantica Desf. Linaria, on the roadside, , Z 2350; Arginonda, by the church of Panagia, , Z obs. Apocynaceae Nerium oleander L. Mirties, in seasonally dry ravine, , R&S 24091; Pithari, on the beach, , Z obs.; between Kalamies and Skalia, in seasonally dry ravine along the path to the beach, , Z obs. Boraginaceae Anchusa aegyptiaca (L.) DC. Along the margins of the road from Elies, near Panormos, to Platis Gialos, , Z 592; Skalia, roadsides, , Z Cynoglossum columnae Ten. Mountain above Panormos, , B Echium angustifolium Mill. Vathis, , R&S Heliotropium lasiocarpum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Vathis, by a road margin, , Z This is the first record of this species from the archipelago of Dodekanisos. It is distributed in SW and C Asia and has been reported also from the East Aegean islands of Lesvos, Chios and Ikaria, being the

5 168 Zervou & al.: Additions to the flora of Kalimnos westernmost limits of its distribution area (Bazos & Yannitsaros 2004). Lithospermum arvense L. Emborios, in a fallow field, , Z Neatostema apulum (L.) I. M. Johnst. Between Arginonda and Vathis, , B ; Chali, , Z 758; Akti, , Z 2317; Italian path from Pothia to Vathis , Z obs.; Sof Pothia, , Z obs. In phrygana vegetation, mainly on limestone. Cactaceae [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.] Road from Elies, near Panormos, to Platis Gialos, in fallow fields and road margins, , Z obs. For correct nomenclature of this locally naturalized alien see Leuenberger (1991: 625, 1993: 426). Campanulaceae Legousia hybrida (L.) Delarbre Palionisos, in a fallow field within the inhabited part of the village, , Z Caryophyllaceae Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. Mountain E of Mirties, , B Dianthus tripunctatus Sm. Vathis, , R&S Sagina maritima G. Don Palionisos, seasonally wet place behind the beach, , Z 2671; Sikati, on the beach, , Z Silene urvillei Schott ex d Urv. Mt Profitis Ilias, near the chapel on the top, , B 89.36; ibid., , R&S 24057; Pothia, near Agia Varvara, in phrygana vegetation, , Z 775. Distributed in SW Anatolia and the East Aegean islands of Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kalimnos and Kos (Bazos & Yannitsaros 2004). Spergularia salina J. Presl & C. Presl Vathis, near an irrigation channel behind Rina, , Z 1863; ibid., , Z 2478; Sikati, on the beach, , Z 2685; Palionisos, seasonally wet place behind the beach, , Z obs. Stellaria cupaniana (Jordan & Fourr.) Bég. Mt Kira Psili, in phrygana vegetation, , Z Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crépin Armeos near Masouri, along road margins, , Z 511; Pothia, , Z 625. For the correct nomenclature of this taxon see Kent (1997). Velezia rigida L. Vigles, in phrygana vegetation, , Z obs.; Palios Melitsachas beach, , Z obs. Chenopodiaceae Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst. & Kit. Descent from Stimenia to Chorio, , B Atriplex portulacoides L. Vlichadia, on the beach, , B 89.29; ibid., , Z 882. Atriplex cf. prostrata DC. Vathis, near an irrigation channel behind Rina, , Z [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] Pothia, in disturbed flowerbed, , Z A remnant of former cultivation or a cultivation escape. Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. Mirties to Linaria, , B 89.4; near Agii Apostoli, in Argos, , B Compositae Achillea cretica L. Sikati, on limestone cliff, , B Anthemis cf. arvensis L. Kastelli, , Z Bellis annua L. Trail from Arginonda to Vathis, in seasonally wet area with Juncus bufonius and J. hybridus, , Z obs. Bellis perennis L. Road to Argos, in phrygana vegetation, , Z Bellis sylvestris Cirillo Mt Kira Psili, on the trail to Drasonda, , Z 2539; Argos, in a fallow field, , Z obs. [Calendula officinalis L.] Vathis, road margin, , Z Obviously a garden escape. Carduus argentatus L. Agios Fotis, , B Cichorium intybus L. Trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis monastery, just outside the village, , R&S 24077; Vathis, , R&S obs. Crepis pusilla (Sommier) Merxm. SE of Arginonda, , B 88.93; Agia Ekaterini, , Z 2430; Arginonda, , Z 2493; Agios Konstandinos, over Argos, , Z 2586; new road to Palionisos, , Z Onpathwaysand trails degraded by grazing. Other reports of this species from Dodekanisos are from Kastellorizo (Greuter 1979), Karpathos (Greuter & al. 1983), Kasos and Saria (Raus 1996). It has also been found recently in Kos by Bazos, Vallianatou and Zervou. Crepis rubra L. W of Emborios, on schists, , B Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter Mirties, seasonally dry ravine, , Z 868; Pothia, Agios Vasilios, in road margins, , Z 877; Pothia, Chrisocheria, , Z 895; on ridge above Skalia, W-facing slope with phrygana vegetation, , R&S [Erigeron canadensis L.] Vathis, road margins inside the village, , Z 933; ibid., , Z 1843, 1849; Vathis valley, Metochi, in irrigated vegetable field, , R&S Wellestablished and naturalized in many parts of Greece. Filago cretensis Gand. S of Mirties, , B 88.51; W of Emborios, , B Filago gallica L. Vigles, in phrygana vegetation, , Z 2468; trail from Arginonda to Vathis, , Z obs.

6 Willdenowia Hypochaeris glabra L. Kefala near Emborios, , Z Lactuca saligna L. Mirties, , B Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC. Sikati, on limestone cliff, , B Sonchus tenerrimus L. Vathis, , R&S [Symphyotrichum squamatum (Spreng.) G. L. Nesom] Pothia, weed near the quay, , B 89.18; Masouri, growing through a cement staircase, , Z 2370; Kandouni, road margin, , Z obs. This naturalized xenophyte has been reported previously, as Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Hieron., from the East Aegean islands of Kos (Hansen 1980), Lesvos (Hansen 1986, Bazos 2005) and Chios (Snogerup & al. 2001). It is widespread in Greece. Taraxacum hellenicum Dahlst. Sikati, on ledge below cliff, , B ; Pothia, Chrisocheria, by road margins, , Z 901. Taraxacum minimum (Guss.) N. Terracc. Pothia, Agios Vasilios, road margin, , Z 399; trail from Arginonda to Vathis, in phrygana, , Z 2384; Mt Profitis Ilias, , Z Taraxacum scolopendrinum Dahlst. Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 887a; Mt Profitis Ilias, in phrygana, , Z Taraxacum serotinum (Waldst. & Kit.) Fisch. Mt Profitis Ilias, near the chapel on the top, exposed mountain top with phrygana vegetation and limestone outcrops, , R&S A native species widespread in adjacent Anatolia (Davis 1975) and in mainland Greece (Strid & Tan 1991), but previously not recorded from the East Aegean Islands (Greuter & Raab-Straube 2008), probably due to its autumn flowering habit. Tragopogon porrifolius L. Trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis, on limestone, among phrygana vegetation, , Z Convolvulaceae Convolvulus althaeoides L. Mirties, in seasonally dry ravine, , Z 969; trail from Agios Konstandinos to Pithari, among phrygana vegetation, , Z obs. Crassulaceae [Aeonium arboreum (L.) Webb & Berthel.] Pothia, Chrisocheria, on a tree-bed with cultivated Cupressus sempervirens, , Z phot. Probably a cultivation escape. Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau Mirties, in seasonally dry ravine, , Z 990. Cruciferae Alyssum turcestanicum Regel & Schmalh. Profitis Ilias, , B Diplotaxis viminea (L.) DC. Italian path from Pothia to Vathis, in phrygana, , Z 2339; near the cave of Kefala, W of Pothia, , Z [Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.] Emborios, , Z 2391; Vathis, , Z Growing in abandoned flowerbeds, it is probably a remnant of former cultivation. [Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br.] By the road from Elies, near Panormos, to Platis Gialos, , Z 578; Masouri, on the sandy beach, , Z 814. A cultivated ornamental species, naturalized in Greece. Sinapis alba L. Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest , Z 462b; Pothia, Chrisocheria, in road margins, , Z 680; Vathis, road margins, , Z 924; Emborios, in disturbed fallow field, , Z obs. Cucurbitaceae [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumara & Nakai] Masouri, road margin inside the village, , Z obs. Probably an escape from cultivation. Dipsacaceae Lomelosia divaricata (Jacq.) Greuter & Burdet Chali, in phrygana, , Z 749; road to Agios Pandeleimon, , Z Ericaceae Erica manipuliflora Salisb. NW of Emborios, N-facing slope with carstic limestone rock outcrops, with Cistus-Coridothymus dominated phrygana vegetation, , R&S 24005; Vathis valley, N of Metochi, along road to Panagia Kira Psili, N-facing steep rocky slope with phrygana dwarfscrub and limestone outcrops and cliffs, near the ridge, , R&S 24134; path from Kandouni to Agios Fotis, hanging from vertical to overhanging limestone cliffs, , Z obs.; Melitsachas, on schists, among Sarcopoterium spinosum-genista acanthoclada dominated phrygana vegetation, , Z obs.; Armeos, on limestone, among Genista acanthoclada-coridothynus capitatus dominated phrygana, , Z obs. Euphorbiaceae Chrozophora obliqua (Vahl) Spreng. Mirties to Linaria, , B 89.3; Vathis, in ruderal places inside the village, , Z 1856; Vathis valley, Metochi, in irrigated vegetable field, , R&S Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss. Vathis, in ruderal places inside the village, , Z Euphorbia chamaesyce L. Vathis, , R&S Euphorbia exigua L. Masouri, by road margins, , Z 522; trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis,

7 170 Zervou & al.: Additions to the flora of Kalimnos among phrygana vegetation, , Z obs.; Pothia, near Agia Varvara, in phrygana, , Z obs.; trail from Stavri, in Mt Kira Psili, to Pezonda, , Z obs. Euphorbia peplis L. Emborios, near the beach, , Z obs. Euphorbia valerianifolia Lam. subsp. valerianifolia Arginonda, in ruderal places inside the village, , Z 2479, Fumariaceae Fumaria capreolata L. Masouri, growing as a weed in a flowerbed, , Z 555; Armeos near Masouri, by a road margin, , Z obs. Fumaria judaica Boiss. Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 483; Vathis, in ruderal places in the village, , Z 683. Fumaria petteri Rchb. Vathis, by road margins inside the village, , Z 930; Mt Kira Psili, , Z Gentianaceae Centaurium erythraea Rafn Melitsachas, on schists, among phrygana vegetation, , Z Geraniaceae Erodium chium (L.) Willd. Pothia, by road margins, , Z 635. Guttiferae Hypericum empetrifolium Willd. Between Arginonda and Vathis, , B ; Vathis valley, N of Metochi, along road to chapel of Panagia Kira Psili, N-facing steep rocky slope with phrygana dwarfscrub and limestone outcrops and cliffs, near the ridge, , R&S 24133; Mt Kira Psili, among Erica manipuliflora scrub, , Z obs. Hydrophyllaceae [Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.] Emborios, by a road margin near a fallow field, , Z 2549 This North American species has been reported previously from the island of Chios, as new for Greece (Sfikas 1994; Snogerup & al. 2001), followed by a collection on Santorini (Biel 2005). The presence of this species in Kalimnos seems to be casual. Labiatae Mentha pulegium L. Vathis, disturbed field area inside the village, , Z 2647; Sikati, on the beach, , Z obs. Leguminosae Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link Masouri, , R&S 24102; Armeos near Masouri, in phrygana, , Z obs. Ceratonia siliqua L. On ridge above Skalia, W-facing slope with phrygana vegetation and places nitrified by goats at limestone boulders and outcrops, , R&S Hippocrepis biflora Spreng. Masouri, , Z 516; Mirties, , Z 1001; trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis, , Z 1864; ibid., , Z 1900; road from Metochi to Stimenia, , Z 2450b. Very common in various types of phrygana. Hippocrepis ciliata Willd. Italian path from Pothia to Vathis, in phrygana vegetation, , Z Lathyrus cicera L. Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 488; Platis Gialos, by the roadside, , Z 575. Lathyrus clymenum L. Platis Gialos, by the roadside, , Z 574. Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC. Pothia, road margins, , Z 626; Emborios, , Z Lathyrus saxatilis (Vent.) Vis. N of Masouri, , B ; Armeos near Masouri, by a road margin, , Z 519; Italian path from Pothia to Vathis, in phrygana, Z 2341; trail from Stavri, in Mt Kira Psili, to Pezonda, in phrygana, , Z Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 411. Lotus hispidus DC. W of Emborios, on schist, , B Lupinus angustifolius L. Vathis, , Z 688. [Medicago arborea L.] Sikia, on rocky ground above the beach, , Z obs.; Vathis valley, Metochi, hanging through a stone wall, , Z obs. Native in Greece, but in Kalimnos apparently a naturalized escape from cultivation. Thanopoulos (2007) first indicated the presence of this species in the island, but no locality or other collection data are given. Medicago constricta Durieu By the margin of the road from Elies, near Panormos, to Platis Gialos , Z 589. Reported from Kalimnos by Thanopoulos (2007) without locality or other collection data. Medicago littoralis Loisel Masouri, in road margin, , Z 541. Reported from Kalimnos by Thanopoulos (2007) without locality or other collection data. Medicago praecox DC. Between Linaria and Mirties, , B Reported from Kalimnos by Thanopoulos (2007) without locality or other collection data. Medicago rigidula (L.) All. Masouri, , B Reported from Kalimnos by Thanopoulos (2007) without locality or other collection data.

8 Willdenowia Medicago sativa L. Vathis, on quayside, , B Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 472. Melilotus italicus (L.) Lam. Pothia, Chrisocheria, on the side of the path to the chapel, , Z 671; , Z 922. Ononis mitissima L. Trail from Arginonda to Vathis, on limestone, in Salvia fruticosa dominated phrygana, , Z Ononis ornithopodioides L. Vlichadia, , Z 2308; road to Vathis, , Z obs.; Akti, , Z obs.; road to Argos, , Z obs.; Vigles, , Z obs.; road to Agios Pandeleimon, , Z obs.; trail from Arginonda to Vathis, , Z obs.; trail from Stavri, in Mt Kira Psili, to Pezonda, , Z obs.; Voutsani, , Z obs. Common in different types of phrygana vegetation. [Pisum sativum L.] Palionisos, in a fallow field within the inhabited part of the village, , Z Possibly a remnant of former cultivation. Securigera cretica (L.) Lassen Between Linaria and Mirties, , B ; new road from Arginonda to Vathis, in phrygana vegetation, , Z Spartium junceum L. Mirties, at the edge of seasonally dry ravine, , Z obs. Trifolium affine C. Presl. S of Mirties, , B Trifolium arvense L. Roadside W of Vathis, , B ; mountain E of Mirties, , B ; Sikati, in phrygana vegetation near the beach, , Z Trifolium glomeratum L. SE of Arginonda, , B Trifolium hirtum All. Between Masouri and Mirties, , B 88.78; near Agia Ekaterini, , B Trifolium physodes M. Bieb. E of Argos, , B Trifolium purpureum Loisel. Emborios, in disturbed area inside the village, , Z Trifolium uniflorum L. Linaria near Panormos, , B , Armeos near Masouri, roadside, , Z 532; Elies, near Panormos, , Z obs.; trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis, , Z obs.; Vigles, , Z obs.; Palios Melitsachas, in phrygana, , Z obs. Trigonella cariensis Boiss. Between Masouri and Mirties, , B 88.80; Sikia, on disturbed ground above the beach, , Z 608; Pothia, near Agia Varvara, in phrygana, , Z 1932; Linaria, roadsides, , Z 2351; Vathis valley, road from Metochi to Stimenia, in an olive field, , Z Trigonella spinosa L. Masouri, , B 88.72; W of Vathis, , B ; Vathis valley, road from Metochi to Stimenia, in an olive field, , Z Vicia bithynica L. S of Mirties, , B Vicia cuspidata Boiss. Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 413; Masouri, road margins, , Z 542. [Vicia faba L.] Emborios, in a fallow field, , Z Possibly a remnant of former cultivation. Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 424. Vicia peregrina L. On the side of the road from Elies, near Panormos, to Platis Gialos, , Z 579; Sikia near Masouri, , Z 614; Emborios, , Z 2444; Palionisos, in a fallow field, , Z Vicia villosa subsp. eriocarpa (Hausskn.)P.W.Ball On the side of the road from Platis Gialos to Elies, near Panormos, , Z 584. Linaceae Linum corymbulosum Rchb. W of Emborios, on schist, , B ; Mt Kira Psili, in phrygana, , Z 2613a. [Linum grandiflorum Desf.] Emborios, , Z Of North African origin and cultivated in gardens as an ornamental (Upson 1997). In Emborios we found a very small, probably casual population, at the margin of a fallow field. To our knowledge, this species is recorded as an adventive for the first time from Greece. Malvaceae [Abutilon theophrasti Medik.] Sikia, between Mirties and Masouri, in disturbed area, above the beach, , Z obs. A palaeotropical species, naturalized and growing as a weed in various cultivations in Greece, but in some cases occurring only as a casual. The latter seems to be the case in Kalimnos. Alcea biennis Winterl Pothia, near Agia Varvara, in disturbed area, , Z 797. Malva nicaeensis All. Pothia, road margin, , Z Myrtaceae [Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.] Vathis, , Z 2646; , Z 2699 Cultivated in many places of the island. In Vathis, we found young plants growing spontaneously in a disturbed field area inside the village. Myrtus communis L. Mirties, in seasonally dry ravine, , R&S 24090; beach between Kalamies and Skalia, in seasonally dry ravine along the path to the beach, , Z obs.

9 172 Zervou & al.: Additions to the flora of Kalimnos Nyctaginaceae [Mirabilis jalapa L.] Vathis valley, Metochi, , R&S 24125; Vathis, in road margin, , Z A frequent escape of gardens, naturalized in Greece, mainly at street margins and roadsides of towns and villages. Orobanchaceae Orobanche lavandulacea f. virgata Beck Masouri, houseyard, under a cultivated Pinus pinea L. tree, , Z Orobanche ramosa subsp. nana (Reut.) Cout. Kandouni, near Stavros, in phrygana vegetation, , Z 1081; Emborios, in a fallow field, , Z 2553; Palios Melitsachas, , Z Orobanche pubescens d Urv. Pothia, road margin, , Z 621; Mt Kira Psili, in phrygana vegetation, , Z 1051 (f. corcyrensis Beck); Kastelli, in phrygana vegetation, , Z 1072 (f. pubescens); Emborios, in a fallow field, , Z 2552 (f. pubescens); Palios Melitsachas, , Z 2637 (f. pubescens). Papaveraceae Papaver hybridum L. Arginonda, , Z Phytolaccaceae [Phytolacca americana L.] Vathis, in a disturbed field area inside the village, , Z Anaturalized species in Greece. Plumbaginaceae Limonium graecum (Poir.) Rech. f. Between Mirties and Masouri, , B Limonium palmare (Sm.) Rech. f. Masouri, , Z 817. Polygalaceae Polygala monspeliaca L. Mountain E of Mirties, , B Polygala venulosa Sm. Armeos, near Masouri, , Z 504; Kefala near Emborios, in phrygana vegetation, , Z obs. Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare L. Vathis, , B 89.16; ibid., , Z 1860 (subsp. neglectum (Besser) Arcang.). Portulacaceae [Portulaca grandiflora Hook.] Pothia, in flowerbed, , Z A remnant of former cultivation or a cultivation escape. This is the second report of the species from the East Aegean Islands, the first being from the island of Lesvos (Bazos 2005). To our knowledge, there are no previous reports from Dodekanisos. Primulaceae Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton Arginonda, in ravine used by Vathis path, , B 88.88; Mirties, in seasonally dry ravine, , Z Rafflesiaceae Cytinus hypocistis L. subsp. hypocistis Chali, in phrygana, , Z 751; Sikati, in phrygana, , Z Rhamnaceae Rhamnus lycioides subsp. graeca (Boiss. & Reuter) Tutin Mt Profitis Ilias, near the chapel on the top, exposed mountain top with phrygana vegetation and limestone outcrops, , R&S Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides (L.) Jahandiez & Maire Between town and Vathis, , B 89.11; Vathis valley, N of Metochi, along road to chapel of Panagia Kira Psili, N-facing steep rocky slope with phrygana dwarfscrub and limestone outcrops and cliffs, near the ridge, , R&S obs.; Mt Kira Psili, NW-facing vertical limestone cliff, , Z Rubiaceae Crucianella angustifolia L. Near Agia Ekaterini, , B Valantia muralis L. Sikati, on limestone cliff, , B ; Pothia, near Agios Savvas, , Z 422; Armeos near Masouri, , Z 498; , R&S 23995; Mt Kira Psili, , Z obs.; Kastelli, , Z obs.; trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis, , Z obs.; Vathis, above Rina, , Z obs.; Vlichadia, , Z obs.; Akti, , Z obs.; Italian path from Pothia to Vathis, , Z obs.; Kefala near Emborios, , Z obs.; road to Argos, , Z obs.; trail from Arginonda to Vathis, , Z obs.; Mt Profitis Ilias, , Z obs.; Emborios, , Z obs.; trail from Agios Konstandinos to Pithari, , Z obs.; Pezonda, , Z obs.; Palios Melitsachas, , Z obs.; SE of Vathis, , Z obs.; Voutsani, , Z obs.; Chali, , Z obs.; beach between Kalamies and Skalia, , Z obs. In different types of phrygana vegetation but also on coastal cliffs. Very common throughout the island. Sapindaceae [Cardiospermum halicacabum L.] Pothia, near Kastro Chrisocheria, , B Evidently a casual garden escape. Scrophulariaceae Cymbalaria longipes (Boiss. & Heldr.) A. Chev. Palionisos, on beach stones, , B ; Emborios, , Z 2414; Alexis beach, ,

10 Willdenowia Z obs.; Pezonda beach, , Z obs.; Sikati beach, , Z obs. Linaria simplex (Willd.) DC. Emborios, in a fallow field, , Z 2440a; Mt Profitis Ilias, SE-facing slope with phrygana vegetation, , Z obs. Veronica polita Fr. Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 405; on the road to Palionisos, , Z Simaroubaceae [Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle] Mirties, in sharp curve of new road above village, , R&S obs.; Kandouni, roadside, , Z obs.; Linaria, , Z obs. An ornamental tree, frequently naturalized in Greece not only near habitations, but also invading deciduous, often secondary forest communities. Solanaceae Hyoscyamus aureus L. Pothia, on old limestone walls and along road margins in Agios Vasilios area, , Z 398. This E Mediterranean species is known in Greece only from limestone walls in Iraklio, Crete (Rechinger 1943; Turland & al. 1993) and the SE Aegean islands Chalki and Rodos (Carlström 1987; Rechinger 1943). [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.] Masouri, road margin inside the village, , Z obs. Obviously a cultivation escape. Solanum alatum Moench Mirties, by a road margin, , Z Tropaeolaceae [Tropaeolum majus L.] Pothia, by road margins, , Z 642; ibid., , Z Obviously a cultivation escape. Umbelliferae [Apium graveolens L.] Lafasi, by a road margin, , Z obs. Native in Greece, but in this case only an escape from cultivation. Bifora testiculata (L.) Spreng. W of Emborios, on schist, , B Bunium ferulaceum Sm. Vathis, , Z 699. Crithmum maritimum L. Trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis monastery, just outside the village, , R&S 24072; Masouri, on coastal cliffs, , Z obs.; Palios Melitsachas, on coastal rocky places, , Z obs. Daucus guttatus Sm. Mirties to Linaria, , B 89.5; Masouri, , R&S Eryngium maritimum L. Trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis monastery, just outside the village, , R&S Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Mirties, in the margin of seasonally dry ravine, , Z 856; trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis monastery, just outside the village, , R&S 24078; Emborios, in disturbed places among fallow fields, , Z obs. Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb. Chali, in phrygana vegetation, , Z 746; Vathis valley, Stimenia, in olive field, , Z [Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss] Masouri, on rocky ground above the beach, , Z Obviously escaping from cultivation. Pseudorlaya pumila (L.) Grande Masouri, on sandy beach, , Z obs. Torilis webbii Jury Vathis, , Z 694; Agios Fotis, , Z 2366; near the cave of Kefala, , Z 2434; road to Palionisos, , Z 2666; Sikati, , Z obs. On pathways and places degraded by grazing. Urticaceae Parietaria lusitanica L. W of Emborios, on limestone, , B ; trail to Agios Fotis, , Z 1868; Kefala near Emborios, , Z 2447; Vathis above Rina, , Z obs.; Vlichadia, , Z obs.; Akti, , Z obs.; road from Pothia to Vathis, , Z obs.; road to Argos, , Z obs.; road to Agios Pandeleimon, , Z obs.; trail from Arginonda to Vathis, , Z obs.; Pothia, , Z obs.; Kira Psili, , Z obs.; Pezonda, , Z obs.; Voutsani, , Z obs.; beach between Kalamies and Skalia , Z obs.; Sikati, , Z obs. Common among chasmophytic vegetation on limestone cliffs of various inclination, but found also in phrygana vegetation. Valerianaceae Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. Between Arginonda and Vathis, , B ; mountain E of Masouri, , B Valerianella discoidea (L.) Loisel. Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 453; above Elies, near Panormos, , Z 596; Mirties, in seasonally dry ravine, , Z 1002; trail to Agios Fotis, , Z 1867, 1878; Vathis above Rina, , Z 1941; road from Arginonda to Vathis, , Z 2578; road from Pothia to Vathis, , Z obs.; Akti, , Z obs.; Vigles, , Z obs.; Mt Profitis Ilias, , Z obs.; trail to Pithari, , Z obs.; Pezonda, , Z obs. Mostly among phrygana vegetation. Valerianella muricata (M. Bieb.) W. H. Baxter & Wooster Between Arginonda and Vathis, , B ; mountain E of Mirties, , B ; Linaria near Panormos, , B ; Wof Emborios, on schist, , B ; trail to Agios Fotis, , Z 2367; Akti, , Z 2319; new road from Arginonda to Vathis, 26.4.

11 174 Zervou & al.: Additions to the flora of Kalimnos 2006, Z 2577; Sikati, , Z 2689; trail to Pithari, , Z obs. Common in different types of phrygana vegetation. Verbenaceae Vitex agnus-castus L. Masouri, on the sandy beach, , Z 813a; Vathis, near an irrigation channel behind Rina, , Z obs. Verbena officinalis L. Vathis, , R&S Violaceae Viola hymettia Boiss. & Heldr. Mt Profitis Ilias, among phrygana vegetation, on limestone, , Z According to Davis & al. (1988), a record of V. mercurii Orph. from Kalimnos, based on a specimen collected by C. F. Forsyth Major (Rechinger 1943), rather refers to V. hymettia. This is strongly corroborated by the above collection. V. mercurii is endemic to high mountains of Peloponnisos at altitudes beyond 900 m (Tan & Iatrou 2001). Vitaceae [Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.] Armeos near Masouri, by a road margin, , Z Obviously an escape from cultivation. Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. Vlichadia, , Z 878; Vathis, , Z 1845; ibid., , R&S In ruderal places of inhabited areas. Monocotyledones Amaryllidaceae [Agave americana L.] Palionisos, just outside the village, , Z obs. Cultivated and naturalized in Greece. Narcissus serotinus L. Vlichadia, , Z 880; Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 890; Pothia, Chrisocheria, , Z obs.; road to Agios Pandeleimon, , Z obs.; trail to Agios Fotis, , Z obs.; trail from Arginonda to Vathis, , Z obs.; road to Argos, , Z obs.; Mt Profitis Ilias, , Z obs. Narcissus tazetta L. Near the cave of Kefala, among phrygana vegetation, , Z Pancratium maritimum L. Masouri, on the sandy beach, , Z phot. A very small population, threatened by the touristic exploitation of the beach. Cyperaceae Carex distachya Desf. Palionisos, in phrygana, , B Carex divisa Huds. Palionisos, seasonally wet place behind the beach, , B ; ibid., , Z Carex halleriana Asso Mt Kira Psili, in phrygana, , Z 2617; road to Palionisos, in phrygana, , Z Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják Mirties, in seasonally dry ravine, , R&S Gramineae Aegilops biuncialis Vis. Near Agia Ekaterini, , B ; Vathis, , Z 689; trail to Pithari, in phrygana, , Z 2598; path to Palios Melitsachas, in phrygana, , Z Andropogon distachyos L. Vathis valley, Stimenia, , Z 2573; Pothia, near Agia Varvara, , Z obs.; Vathis, above Rina, , Z obs.; Vlichadia, , Z obs.; Italian path from Pothia to Vathis, , Z obs.; W of Pothia, , Z obs.; Vigles, , Z obs.; road to Agios Pandeleimon, , Z obs.; Kefala near Emborios, , Z obs.; road from Pothia to Vathis, , Z obs. Common in different types of phrygana vegetation. Anisantha fasciculata (C. Presl) Nevski Mountain E of Masouri, , B ; trail to Agios Fotis, , Z 1899; Mt Profitis Ilias, , Z 2522; Emborios, , Z 2562b; SE of Vathis, , Z 2653; Vathis, above Rina, , Z obs.; Vlichadia, , Z obs.; Italianpathto Vathis, , Z obs.; W of Pothia, , Z obs.; road to Argos, , Z obs.; Vigles, , Z obs.; road to Agios Pandeleimon, , Z obs.; trail from Arginonda to Vathis, , Z obs.; trail to Pithari, , Z obs.; Armeos near Masouri, , Z obs.; Voutsani, , Z obs.; Chali, , Z obs.; beach between Kalamies and Skalia, , Z obs. Very common in different types of phrygana vegetation but also in coastal areas throughout the island. Anisantha sterilis (L.) Nevski Pothia, , Z 623; Pothia, Chrisocheria, , Z 917; Kastelli, , Z 1908; Italian path from Pothia to Vathis, , Z 2342; Emborios, , Z 2560; new road from Vathis to Arginonda, , Z 2580; Vathis above Rina, , Z obs.; trail to Agios Fotis, , Z obs.; W of Pothia, , Z obs.; Vigles, , Z obs.; Mt Profitis Ilias, , Z obs.; trail to Pithari, , Z obs.; Mt Kira Psili, , Z obs.; trail from Stavri, in Mt Kira Psili, to Pezonda, , Z obs.; Palios Melitsachas, , Z obs.; Kalamies beach, , Z obs.; Sikati, , Z obs. Common in different types of phrygana vegetation but also in road margins and coastal areas.

12 Willdenowia Arrhenatherum palaestinum Boiss. S of Mirties, , B 88.50; Mt Profitis Ilias, W-facing slope with phrygana vegetation, , Z [Avena sativa L.] Emborios, in a fallow field, , Z Possibly a remnant of former cultivation. Bromus alopecuros subsp. caroli-henrici (Greuter) P. M. Sm. SE of Arginonda, , B Bromus chrysopogon Viv. Emborios, on disturbed, long-abandoned field bed, , Z 2562a. Bromus lanceolatus Roth Emborios, on disturbed, long-abandoned field bed, , Z Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Masouri, , R&S [Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link] Masouri, by a road margin, , Z Tropical and subtropical weed, rather recently introduced to Greece, naturalized and rapidly expanding. [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] Masouri, by a road margin, , Z A tropical and subtropical weed, naturalized in Greece and rapidly expanding. Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev Akti, , Z Hordeum vulgare subsp. agriocrithon (Åberg) Á. Löve Kandouni near Panormos, , B ; Pothia, near Agios Savvas, in cultivated Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia forest, , Z 477; Pothia, by road margins, , Z 632, 638; ibid., , Z 921; Mirties, at the edge of seasonally dry ravine, , Z 971. Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Italian path from Pothia to Vathis, in phrygana, , Z Lolium temulentum L. Kandouni near Panormos, , B ; Armeos near Masouri, by a road margin, , Z Monerma cylindrica (Willd.) Coss. & Durieu New road from Arginonda to Vathis, in phrygana, , Z Nomenclature of this taxon following Scholz (1995). Parapholis pycnantha (Hackel) C. E. Hubb. Between Arginonda and Vathis, , B Phalaris aquatica L. Melitsachas, , B ; Arginonda, in a fallow field, , Z Phleum arenarium L. Arginonda, in a fallow field, , Z Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. Vathis, margin of an irrigation channel, , Z Poa pelasgis H. Scholz Trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis, on vertical limestone cliff, , Z 1890; Chorio, by the castle, , R&S 24020; road from Pothia to Vathis, in phrygana vegetation, , Z Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Masouri, on the sandy beach, , Z 818a; trail from Arginonda to Vathis, in seasonally wet area with Juncus bufonius and J. hybridus, , Z Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Lafasi, near Pothia, by the road margin, , Z Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. Masouri, , R&S Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Linaria, , B 89.7; trail from Kandouni to Agios Fotis monastery, just outside the village, in sandy and rocky seashore and coastal ruderal places, , R&S Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Vathis, , R&S 24119; ibid., , Z [Triticum aestivum L.] Pothia, by a road margin, , Z A casual escape from cultivation. Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Nees SE of Arginonda, , B Iridaceae [Chasmanthe vittigera (Salisb.) N. E. Br.] In a fallow field, on the road from Platis Gialos to Elies, near Panormos, , Z 582; Pothia, on a tree-bed with cultivated Cupressus sempervirens, , Z obs. Obviously a garden escape. To our knowledge this is its first record from the Aegean islands as a whole and the second from Greece. There is another very recent record from the small Ionian island of Kastos (Chousou-Polydouri & Yannitsaros, in press). Crocus cancellatus subsp. mazziaricus (Herb.) Mathew Trail from Kira Psili to Drasonda, in phrygana vegetation, , Z Gladiolus anatolicus (Boiss.) Stapf Chali, , Z 750; Mt Kira Psili, , Z Gladiolus italicus Mill. Melitsachas, , B 88.2; Palionisos, in a fallow field within the inhabited part of the village, , Z [Iris germanica L.] Chorio, , Z obs.; Argos, , Z obs.; Sikia, , Z obs. In fallow fields, obviously escaping from cultivation. Liliaceae Allium dentiferum Webb & Berthel. Tsoukalio, , Z 852. Allium guttatum Steven Path from Kamari to Agios Pandeleimon, , Z Asparagus aphyllus L. Pothia, Chrisocheria, on the side of the path to the chapel, , Z 668; Mirties, in seasonally dry ravine, , Z 870; NW of Emborios, , R&S 24004; Mt Profitis Ilias, near the chapel on the top, , R&S Colchicum atticum Spruner Agios Konstandinos above Argos, at the beginning of the trail to Pithari, among low phrygana vegetation, , Z Nomenclature of this taxon following Persson (2007).