HAA 11: Landmarks of World Architecture The Parthenon on the Akropolis of Athens Adrian Stähli, Department of the Classics

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1 HAA 11: Landmarks of World Architecture The Parthenon on the Akropolis of Athens Adrian Stähli, Department of the Classics Rudolf Müller, The Akropolis from the Pnyx (1863). Athens, Benaki Museum

2 1) Why is the Parthenon a Landmark of Architecture?

3 Athens, Akropolis, Parthenon ( BC): west façade

4 Athens, Akropolis, seen from south-west

5 Cyriacus of Ancona, Sketch from his travels to Greece (1444) Anonymous, drawing (17th c., before 1697). Today.

6 The Parthenon in the 12th c.

7 The Parthenon in the 17th c.

8 The Akropolis in 1697, after: F. Fanelli, Atene Attica descritta (1707)

9 The Parthenon in 1697

10 Mortar bomb shell, found in the Parthenon (17th c.). Eton College

11 James Stuart & Nicholas Revett, The Antiquities of Athens II, 1787

12 Julien-David Le Roy, Les ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grece, 1758, vol. II, pl. 7 & 9

13 Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (= The History of Ancient Art), 1764

14 Archibald Archer, The Temporary Elgin Room (1819). London, British Museum

15 Parthenon, east pediment ( /3 BC): Dionysos. London, British Museum

16 James Stephanoff, An Assemblage of Works of Art (1845). London, British Museum

17 Friedrich Schinkel, View of the Flower of Greece (1825, lost); copy by August W. J. Ahlborn (1836). Berlin, Alte Nationalgalerie

18 Leo von Klenze, Akropolis (1846). Munich, Neue Pinakothek

19 Peter von Hess, The Entry of King Otto in Athens, 1835 (1839). Munich, Neue Pinakothek

20 Decimus Burton, Hyde Park Screen (1828). London, Hyde Park Corner

21 Decimus Burton, Hyde Park Screen (1828). London, Hyde Park Corner

22 Decimus Burton, Athenaeum (1830). London, Waterloo Place/ Pall Mall

23 Decimus Burton, Athenaeum (1830). London, Waterloo Place/ Pall Mall

24 Alexander J. Davis and Ithiel Town, US Custom House (1842); now: Federal Hall National Memorial. New York, Wall Street

25 Tennessee Centennial Exposition (1897), Nashville

26 The Parthenon (1931), Nashville

27 Leo von Klenze, Walhalla (1842). Donaustauf near Regensburg (Bavaria)

28 Johann Joachim Winckelmann ( )

29 Olympia, Part One: Festival of the Nations (Leni Riefenstahl, Germany 1938)

30 Makronisos ( )

31 Makronisos ( )

32 2) Understanding the Parthenon

33 Athens, Akropolis

34 Athens, Akropolis: buildings of the period of Perikles (2 nd half of 5 th century BC)

35 Parthenon ( BC): west façade

36 Parthenon ( BC), east façade: Doric column

37 Parthenon ( BC), east façade: Doric capital and entablature

38 Parthenon, West metopes and triglyphs ( BC)

39 Parthenon ( BC), west front. Basel, Skulpturhalle

40 Parthenon ( BC), triglyphs: regula and guttae

41 Parthenon ( BC), reconstruction: Gottfried Semper (1834)

42 Parthenon ( BC), reconstruction: Gottfried Semper (ca. 1834)

43 Parthenon ( BC): curvature

44 Parthenon ( BC): south pteron ( wing, aisle) Peripteros

45 Parthenon ( BC): x m; 8 x 17 columns. Paestum, Temple of Neptun (of Hera?, ca. 450 BC): x m; 6 x 14 columns

46 Parthenon ( BC): west façade

47 Phidias, Athena Parthenos ( /3 BC): reconstructions in Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum (1962), and Nashville, Parthenon (1931)

48 Athens, Akropolis, Parthenon: rear room of the Cella (= Parthenon?), with treasures according to inventory of 431/30 BC

49 Akropolis, Parthenon ( BC), North frieze: Hydriophoroi

50 Parthenon ( BC), West front

51 Parthenon, cella frieze, or Panathenaic Frieze ( BC)

52 Parthenon, cella frieze, or Panathenaic Frieze ( BC): west frieze

53 Olympia, Temple of Zeus Olympios (completed 457/6 BC?): cella, east metopes

54 Parthenon, cella frieze, or Panathenaic Frieze ( BC): west frieze

55 Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Phidias and the Frieze of the Parthenon (1868). Birmingham

56 Parthenon, cella frieze, or Panathenaic Frieze ( BC)

57 Parthenon, pronaos ( BC): changes in the plan during construction

58 Parthenon: carving of the south frieze

59 Annual building accounts of the Parthenon ( BC): Inscriptiones Graecae I Athens, Epigraphical Museum

60 Annual building accounts of the Parthenon ( BC), year 434/3 BC: (Inscriptiones Graecae I 3 449). Athens, Epigraphical Museum

61 Athens, Akropolis (late 5 th century BC): Panathenaia

62 Parthenon, reading the sculptural decoration: performative gaze

63 Athens, Akropolis, Parthenon ( BC), North frieze

64 Parthenon, reading the sculptural decoration: performative gaze

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