ŽIVETI Z VOJNO TO LIVE WITH THE WAR

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1 ŽIVETI Z VOJNO TO LIVE WITH THE WAR Ptujski okraj med prvo svetovno vojno Ptuj district during World War I

2 ŽIVETI Z VOJNO TO LIVE WITH THE WAR Ptujski okraj med prvo svetovno vojno Ptuj district during World War I CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor 94(497.4Ptuj)«1914/1918«( ) Pokrajinski muzej Ptuj - Ormož 2014 ŽIVETI z vojno : Ptujski okraj med prvo svetovno vojno = To live with the war : Ptuj district during World War I / [uredila Nataša Kolar ; prevod Tanja Ostrman Renault]. - Ptuj : Pokrajinski muzej Ptuj - Ormož, 2014 ISBN Vzp. stv. nasl. 2. Kolar, Nataša, COBISS.SI-ID

3 ŽIVETI Z VOJNO TO LIVE WITH THE WAR Ptujski okraj med prvo svetovno vojno Ptuj district during World War I Založil / Published by: Pokrajinski muzej Ptuj - Ormož Zanj / For: v. d. direktorja Andrej Brence Uredila / Editor: mag. Nataša Kolar Pisci besedil / Authors of texts: Nataša Majerič Kekec, mag. Nataša Kolar, Brane Oblak, Katja Zupanič Kataloški opisi / Catalogue descriptions: mag. Nataša Kolar, Mojca Vomer Gojkovič (kataloške številke od 86 do 99) Jezikovni pregled / Slovene language editor: mag. Darja Gabrovšek Homšak Prevod / Translation: Tanja Ostrman Renault Fotografije in razstavno gradivo / Photos and exhibition material: Franc Golob (Ptuj), družina Gros (Novo mesto), Marija Petek (Tržič), Igor Vodnik (Maribor), Občina Kidričevo, Pokrajinski muzej Ptuj - Ormož, Univerzalni muzej Joanneum (Gradec), Zgodovinski arhiv na Ptuju, zasebni lastniki Konzerviranje razstavnega gradiva / Preservation of exhibition material: Marina Čurin, Danilo Goričan, mag. Boštjan Roškar Fotografije / Photographs by: Boris Farič, Danilo Goričan (kataloške številka 25), fotodokumentacija PMPO Skeniranje / Scanning: Damjan Lindental Oblikovanje razstave / Exhibition design: Mojca Vomer Gojkovič, mag. Nataša Kolar Tisk panojev / Print: Aleksander Kelnerič, s. p., Ptuj Oblikovanje kataloga / Catalogue design: s.kolibri Vsebina Contents 4 Predgovor / Preface Nataša Kolar 6 Katja Zupanič Velika vojna / The Great War Nataša Kolar Vojska, uniformiranost, orožje / Military, uniforms and weapons 14 Nataša Majerič Kekec Življenje v zaledju / Life behind the frontlines 18 Brane Oblak Gospodarske razmere / Economic situation 22 Nataša Kolar Begunci in vojni ujetniki / Refugees and prisoners of war 26 Nataša Kolar Propaganda in kultura / Propaganda and culture 30 Nataša Kolar Zbiralne in humanitarne akcije / Collecting and humanitarian activities 34 Nataša Kolar Bolnišnica Strnišče pri Ptuju / Hospital in Strnišče pri Ptuju 41 Katja Zupanič Premirje / The Armistice 46 Nataša Kolar, Mojca Vomer Gojkovič Katalog / Catalogue 102 Literatura / Literature Tisk / Printed by: Aleksander Kelnerič, s. p., Ptuj Naklada / First edition: 100 Za vsebino prispevkov odgovarjajo avtorji.

4 Predgovor Preface Zakaj se spominjamo različnih dogodkov, ki so pretresli 20. stoletje in zapustili v svetu strašna pustošenja, grozote in številne žrtve? Zakaj v letu 2014 skoraj po vsem svetu z različnimi spominskimi dogodki, razstavami, dokumentarnimi filmi in drugimi kulturnimi prireditvami obeležujemo začetek prve svetovne vojne, v kateri je izgubilo življenje več kot sedemnajst milijonov ljudi? Del odgovora na to vprašanje je v tem, da je prva svetovna vojna pokazala karakteristične značilnosti, ki so veljale v vseh drugih modernih vojnah 20. stoletja, veljajo pa tudi še v prvih dveh desetletjih 21. stoletja. Prva svetovna vojna, v zgodovinopisju imenovana tudi vélika vojna, je bila silovita, obsežna in neprizanesljiva, tako za zmagovalne države kot tudi za države poraženke. Vojskujoči vojaki so pridobili strašne nove izkušnje, prebivalstvo v zaledju pa je bilo prisiljeno soočiti se z nezaslišanim napenjanjem vseh sil za preživetje tako svojih najbližjih kot tudi sodržavljanov, beguncev in vojnih ujetnikov. Čeprav je bila prva svetovna vojna katastrofalna, je bila predhodnica drugih katastrof 20. stoletja, vključno z drugo svetovno vojno, ki je zahtevala še več človeških izgub. Vélika vojna je spremenila zemljevid sveta. Štirje veliki predvojni svetovni imperiji (nemški, avstro-ogrski, ruski, osmanski) so razpadli, nastale so številne nove države. Kljub sodobnemu razvoju in družbenim mehanizmom daje njena zapuščina povod za novo prelivanje krvi v številnih predelih sveta tudi še v 21. stoletju. Na razstavi smo poskušali predstaviti dogodke in dogajanja, povezana s prvo svetovno vojno, v luči življenjskega vsakdana takratnega ptujskega okraja v deželi Štajerski. Čeprav to območje ni bilo blizu osrednjih vojnih prizorišč oziroma bojišč, so ljudje v zaledju zelo občutili njene grozote in posledice, saj je imel ptujski okraj do konca leta 1917 v avstrijskem delu monarhije največ človeških žrtev. Vsakdanji utrip življenja v zaledju med véliko vojno predstavljamo na razstavi z arhivskimi dokumenti, fotografijami in muzejskimi predmeti, povezanimi s ptujskim okrajem. Razstavno gradivo dopolnjujemo tudi z gradivom, ki so nam ga prijazno posodili naši zvesti zunanji sodelavci. Katalog in razstava Živeti z vojno, Ptujski okraj med prvo svetovno vojno, s katerima želimo ozavestiti zgodovinski spomin ter opozoriti na nesmisel vojn in na trpljenje, ki ga povzročajo, sta skupno delo Zgodovinskega arhiva na Ptuju in Pokrajinskega muzeja Ptuj - Ormož. Zahvaljujemo se vsem, ki so sodelovali pri uresničevanju skupnega projekta. Nataša Kolar Why do we remember different events that shattered the 20th century leaving in their wake ravaged countries, horrors and countless casualties? Why, in 2014, almost everywhere in the world various memorial events, exhibitions, documentaries and other cultural performances are held to commemorate the beginning of World War I during which more than seventeen million people lost their lives? Part of the answer lies in the fact that a number of characteristics which reverberated throughout other twentieth-century conflicts and the first two decades of the 21st century took origin in the First World War. World War I, also known as the Great War, was destructive, large-scale and pitiless for all participants the winning countries and the defeated ones. The combating soldiers were confronted with new terrible experiences, the civilians behind the frontlines had to face an incredible investment of efforts in order to survive and help survive their beloved ones, fellow-citizens, war refugees and prisoners of war. Although the First World War was devastating, it preceded other tragedies of the 20th century, including the Second World War which took even a bigger number of human lives. The Great War changed the map of the world. Four great empires (German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Ottoman) were destroyed by the war and many new states emerged. Despite actual developments and social mechanisms its legacy continues to trigger ever new reasons for bloodshed in different parts of the world in the 21st century. The present exhibition displays events and happenings which marked the First World War through the everyday life as it was in the Ptuj district and in the province of Styria. Although the area dealt with lies far from the Great War theatres and battlefields, its citizens enormously suffered from the war s horrors and consequences, for, by the end of 1917, the Ptuj district boasted a terrible privilege of having paid the highest toll in human lives in the Austrian part of the monarchy. The everyday life behind the frontlines during the Great War is presented through archive documents, photographs and other museum items among which can be found different objects belonging to the museum s faithful collaborators who kindly allowed the museum to use them for this particular exhibition. Catalogue and exhibition To Live With The War, Ptuj District During The First World War, aim to make the historical memory of this terrible war palpable, and to draw attention to the absurdity of war and the suffering caused by it; they are the result of joint work of Ptuj Historical Archives and the Regional Museum Ptuj - Ormož. We would like to sincerely thank all our collaborators who made this project possible. Nataša Kolar 4 5

5 Katja Zupanič Velika vojna The Great War Imperializem evropskih velesil ter težnja po ekonomski, politični in kulturni prevladi, neenakomerna razdelitev kolonij, nemški in avstrijski militarizem, razpihovanje nemškega in italijanskega nacionalizma, hiter industrijski razvoj, oboroževalna tekma so bili vzroki, ki so nakazovali, da se skoraj stoletni mir v Evropi krha. Države so iskale varnost v zavezništvih. Atentat v Sarajevu 28. junija 1914 in smrt zakonskega para, nadvojvode Franca Ferdinanda in soproge Zofije, so avstro-ogrske sile ob podpori Berlina izrabile za povod za véliko vojno. Ta je sprožila niz vojnih napovedi in Evropa se je znašla v totalni vojni. Bojišča in fronte so se oblikovale na vseh koncih Evrope in sveta: vzhodna in zahodna fronta, balkansko bojišče, italijanska fronta, bližnjevzhodno bojišče, vojna v kolonijah, vojna na morju ter popolnoma novo bojišče, bojišče v zraku. The imperialism of European great powers and the tendency for an economic, political and cultural dominance, an uneven distribution of colonies, the German and Austrian militarism, the growth of German and Italian nationalism, rapid industrial growth, and a fierce arms race were the main indicators that almost a hundred-year-period of peace in Europe was coming to an end. Countries were seeking security in allies. The assassination in Sarajevo on 28th June 1914 and the death of the archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, was used by Austria-Hungary supported by Berlin to start the Great War. There was a number of war declarations and Europe found itself in a total war. Battlefields and battlefronts appeared everywhere in Europe and throughout the world: eastern and western fronts, the Balkans' battlefield, the Italian front, the Middle-east front, war in colonies, on the sea, and a completely new battlefield in the air. Kot avstro-ogrske državljane je mobilizacija doletela tudi slovenske fante. Na Spodnjem Štajerskem so bili fantje in možje mobilizirani v 47. in 87. pehotni polk. Prvi, 47. pehotni polk, je imel sedež v Gorici in je sprejemal nabornike iz Maribora in okolice, 87. pehotni polk s sedežem v Pulju pa s Pohorja ter Ptuja in Celja z okolico. Naborniki so z vlaki odhajali na zbirna mesta, od koder so jih prav tako z vlaki pošiljali na bojišča. Na fronte je odšlo Slovencev, največ v Galicijo, kasneje pa na soško fronto. Vojna pa ni prizadela samo vojakov na bojiščih, temveč tudi civilno prebivalstvo, ki se je soočalo z veliko lakoto in pomanjkanjem delovne sile. To so občutili tudi prebivalci Ptuja in okolice, ki so ob vseh strahotah in posledicah vojne doživljali še protislovenske izpade. S tem pa se je med drugim povečevalo vedno močnejše protivojno razpoloženje. Slovenian men, being Austro-Hungarian citizens, were mobilised too. In the region of Lower Styria men were recruited in the 47th and 87th infantry regiments. The first, 47th infantry regiment, was based in Gorizia where recruits from Maribor and its surroundings were sent; the 87th infantry regiment based in Pula was meant for recruits from Pohorje, Ptuj and Celje with its surroundings. The recruits were sent by trains to the recruitment centres from where they were further sent on to the battlefronts also by trains. There were 30,000 Slovenians who left for the battlefronts; the majority was on the front in Galicia, and later on the Isonzo front. The war was fought by the soldiers, but it also severely affected the civilians who suffered great famine and a terrible lack of manpower. The citizens of Ptuj and its surroundings were no exception, but on top of all the horrors and war hardships they had to face the anti-slovene movements, which directly led to a growing anti-war attitude. Fotografija nadvojvode Franca Ferdinanda in njegove soproge Zofije pet minut pred atentatom / Archduke Franz-Ferdinand and his wife Sophie five minutes before the assassination SI_ZAP/0006, Zbirka Muzejskega društva , šk. 46. Telegram z dne 26. julija 1914 o takojšnjem začetku mobilizacije na Ptuju / Telegram sent on 26th July 1914 about the immediate mobilisation in Ptuj SI_ZAP/0006, Zbirka Muzejskega društva , šk. 46, dokumenti Prva svetovna vojna. 6 7

6 Odhod vojakov na bojišča s ptujske železniške postaje, 1914/ A send-off for soldiers from the railway station in Ptuj, 1914 PMPO, fotodokumentacija / PMPO, photo documentation Razglas o mobilizaciji, 26. julij 1914 / Proclamation of mobilisation, 26th July 1914 SI_ZAP/0006, Zbirka Muzejskega društva , šk. 46, dokumenti Prva svetovna vojna. Propagandna razglednica Ptuja z napisom: Iz velikega časa / Aus großer Zeit / Propaganda a postcard from Ptuj with the writing: From the great epoch / Aus großer Zeit SI_ZAP/0219, Zbirka razglednic , št

7 Nataša Kolar Vojska, uniformiranost in orožje Military, uniforms and weapons sestavu avstro-ogrske armade in v sestavu združenih V avstrijsko-nemških sil so se slovenski vojaki, med njimi tudi iz ptujskega okraja, v okviru svojih polkov na evropskih bojiščih borili za vero, cesarja in domovino. Neme priče navzočnosti slovenskih vojakov na teh bojiščih so številni ohranjeni spominski albumi in posamezne fotografije, na katerih vidimo vsakdanji vojni utrip in opustošene pokrajine ter naselja med številnimi ofenzivami in po njih. Album posnetkov z bojišč v Galiciji, Ukrajini in Italiji v letih 1917 in 1918, last nadporočnika avstro-ogrske vojske Cirila Rakuše iz Cvetkovcev, je sestavljen kot fotoknjiga, ki pripoveduje zgodbo o njegovih doživetjih na vzhodnem bojišču vse do prihoda v Gorico leta Na ohranjenih fotografijah opazimo tudi spremembe v uniformiranosti avstro-ogrske vojske. Avstro-ogrska vojaška uniforma je bila pred véliko vojno zelo barvita, zlasti konjeniška. Enotno vojaško sivomodro varovalno uniformo je avstro-ogrska oblast uvedla avgusta 1914, vendar se je na večini avstro-ogrskih bojišč izkazala za manj primerno. Zato so septembra 1915 po nemškem zgledu predpisali za celotno skupno vojsko in obe domobranstvi poljsko sivo oziroma sivozeleno barvo, vendar so stare uniforme nosili do porabe zalog. Pojavile pa so se tudi kape iz filca, ki so imele na sprednji strani okroglo kokardo z vladarjevim monogramom, za cesarja Franca Jožefa I. oznako FJI in za cesarja Karla I. oznako K. Desna stran kap je bila določena za oznake enot in bojišč. Na ovratnike uniform so namestili častniške oznake. Sestavni del uniforme sta bili od leta 1916 tudi čelada M 16 in plinska maska. Being incorporated in Austro-Hungarian troops and joint Austro-German military forces, the Slovene soldiers, among who were also soldiers from Ptuj district, organised in regiments, fought on different European battlefronts for God, Emperor and Homeland. Silent witnesses of Slovene soldiers and their presence on various theatres of war are to be found in the preserved albums and photographs displaying the everyday life of the soldiers and of devastated lands and settlements during and after numerous war offensives. An album of photographs taken in 1917 and 1918 on frontlines of Galicia, Ukraine and Italy, was compiled as a photo book by Ciril Rakuša from Cvetkovci, lieutenant of the Austro-Hungarian army, narrating tales of his own personal experience on the eastern front until his arrival to Gorizia in The photographs bear also important testimony to the changes in Austro-Hungarian military uniform which was, before the Great War, very colourful, especially the one for the cavalry. The grey-blue camouflage-coloured uniform was introduced in the Austro-Hungarian army in August 1914, but turned out as not very suitable at the majority of Austro-Hungarian battlefields. Therefore, in September 1915, inspired by the Germans, the authorities prescribed for the entire joint army and both national ones the field-grey or rather greenish-grey colour; nevertheless, ancient uniforms were still worn until the liquidation of the stock. Felt caps appeared as a form of headdress displaying on the front centre a bullion cockade with the reigning Emperor s cipher FJI standing for Franz Josef I, and K for Emperor Charles/Karl I. The right side of the cap contained regiment and battlefront s insignia. On the collars of uniform jackets were pinned officer rank insignia. From 1916 on, the indispensable element of the uniform were a helmet M 16 and a gas mask. Na številnih fotografijah je vidno tudi orožje. Osnovno orožje avstro-ogrske vojske je bila puška Mannlicher M 1895 kalibra 8 mm in z okvirčkom s petimi naboji. Uporabljali so še stare modele pušk sistema Mannlicher, sistem Werndl na en naboj in sistem Mauser; v oborožitev so uvrstili tudi ruske puške sistema Mosin, zaplenjene na vzhodnem bojišču. K puški je spadal tudi bajonet, vojaki pa so imeli še jurišni nož. K oborožitvi so leta 1915 dodali še različne modele ročnih bomb. Od leta 1907 je bila sestavni del oborožitve tudi mitraljez Schwarzlose 07 in njegov izpopolnjeni model z oznako M 07/12. Avstro-Ogrska je vojno začela predvsem s topovi, proti predstavnikom antantnih sil sta se ob pehoti bojevala še mornarica in letalstvo. Pripadnik 66. letalske čete avstro-ogrskega letalstva je bil tudi rezervni nadporočnik Alojz Drevenšek z Zgornje Hajdine, ki je bil 7. julija 1918 sestreljen; pokopan je na hajdinskem pokopališču. Many photographs show weaponry as well. The main weapon used by the Austro-Hungarian army was the Mannlicher M 1895 rifle, 8 mm calibre, and a 5-round en bloc clip. Other arms included older models of Mannlicher rifles, single-shot Werndl type rifles, and Mauser rifles, as well as Russian Mosin rifles captured on the eastern front. A bayonet was a part of the rifle, and soldiers also had an assault knife with them. Different kinds of hand grenades became part of weaponry in In 1917, a machine gun Schwarzlose 07 and its perfected model M 07/12 were also added to the general equipment of the troops. Austria-Hungary started the war with canons, and later on fought against allied powers with infantry, navy and air forces. A member of the 66th Austro-Hungarian flying company was a reserve lieutenant, Alojz Drevenšek from Zgornja Hajdina (near Ptuj), who was shot down on 7th July 1918, and buried in Hajdina graveyard. Konjenica na Ptuju, / Cavalry in Ptuju, PMPO, fotodokumentacija / PMPO, photo documentation 10 11

8 Nižji častniki na vojaškem položaju na Monte Zebio, med njimi Emerih Požun s Spodnjega Brega. Položaj bojišča je zakrinkan z drevesi in vejami./ Non-commissioned officers at their post in Monte Zebio; among them Emerih Požun from Spodnji Breg near Ptuj. The position of the battlefield is camouflaged by trees and branches. PMPO, LR 1692/13, Dorfbuch Pettau. Središčani v prvi svetovni vojni / Inhabitants of Središče during World War I PMPO, fotodokumentacija / PMPO, photo documentation Vojaki 30. strelskega polka 4. avstro-ogrske armade na vojnem položaju. Iz Albuma Galicija, Ukrajina, Italija Cirila Rakuše. / Soldiers of the 30th firing regiment of the 4th Austro-Hungarian army at their post. From the album Galicia, Ukraine, Italy, by Ciril Rakuša. PMPO, ZG 4060 Topničar cesarske-kraljeve 36. baterije havbic kalibra 15 cm Franc Nosan na turškem bojišču, / Artilleryman Franc Nosan of the Imperial and Royal 36th battery howitzer 15 cm calibre, at the Turkish front, Marija Petek, Tržič 12 13

9 Nataša Majerič Kekec Življenje v zaledju Life behind the frontlines Največja streznitev po napovedi in začetku vojne je bilo pomanjkanje živil in življenjskih potrebščin. Oblast je morala neprestano izdajati nove uredbe, da bi prebivalstvu zagotovila vsaj osnovna živila. Že takoj na začetku vojne so bile določene najvišje cene življenjskih potrebščin, seznam pa so nato sproti dopolnjevali. V seznamu so bili poleg žita in moke še riž, krompir, kislo zelje, čebula, česen, kava, sladkor, sol, olje, meso, mast, mleko, maslo, jajca, drva, premog, otrobi in bencin. Vojni čas so izkoristili špekulanti, in to tako, da so preprodajali izdelke po višji ceni. Da bi se špekuliranje s hrano in povečevanjem cen vsaj malo omililo, je oblast uvedla živilske karte za kruh in moko, sladkor, olje, milo, tobak in drugo; sledila je zasega osnovnih živil, nato pa jih je oblast sama prodajala po zmernih cenah. Soon after the declaration of war and its outbreak, the hardship started, and probably the most dramatic disillusionment appeared in the shortage of food and of other necessities. The authorities had to issue always new decrees in order to provide the citizens at least with the basic foodstuffs. Immediately at the beginning of war, maximum prices for foodstuffs were established, and the list was constantly updated. It contained, besides cereals and flour, rice, potatoes, sauerkraut, onion, garlic, coffee, sugar, salt, oil, meat, fat, milk, butter, eggs, firewood, coal, bran, and fuel. The time of war also saw an expansion of the black market and the trafficking in food by selling the foodstuffs at much higher prices than prescribed. In order to keep the situation under control, the local authorities introduced ration coupons for bread and flour, sugar, oil, soap, tobacco, and other; soon basic foodstuffs were seized and the authorities started selling them by themselves at reasonable prices. Vojna je prizadela vse sfere življenja, tudi poučevanje. Na Ptuju so se vojaki naselili v Gimnazijo, Deško šolo in v prostore Ljudske deške in dekliške šole. Pouk je nato potekal na različnih mestih: v društvenih in gostilniških sobah, v prostorih drugih šol. Mesto je pozivalo vse fante in moške, ki se niso mogli boriti na bojišču, naj se priključijo mladinski in meščanski obrambi. V glavnem so jih izurili v streljanju. Praktične vaje so potekale ob nedeljah in praznikih, teoretične pa ob večerih. Odziv fantov je bil relativno dober. Ptuj je bil na začetku 20. stoletja mesto s prevladujočim nemškim jezikom in nemškim značajem. Nemški prebivalci so gospodarsko popolnoma obvladovali mesto in agrarno okolico. Slovencem v mestu Ptuj v tistih vojnih časih ni bilo lahko. Vsakršna misel na jugoslovansko idejo je bila zatrta. Oblast se je prav tako bala izkazovanja slovanstva z barvami, oblačili ali pesmimi. Med vojno, od avgusta 1914 do februarja 1915, je zamrlo delovanje Narodne čitalnice, prepovedano pa je bilo delovanje Telovadnega društva Sokol, ki je začelo ponovno delovati šele leta At the beginning of the 20th century, Ptuj was seemingly a town where the German language and culture prevailed. In terms of economy, the German citizens were absolute masters of the town and its rural hinterland. Therefore, the Slovenians were having a hard time nourishing any idea of common Yugoslavia as it was suppressed at its very start. The authorities were even afraid of any display of the Slavic culture, such as colours, clothes and songs. During the war, precisely from August 1914 to February 1915, the functioning of the National Reading Circle was non-existent, and the gymnastic club Sokol (Falcon) was forbidden; it started anew only in The war affected all spheres of life, even the educational. In Ptuj, the soldiers moved into the premises of grammar school, Boys School, and into the Public School for Boys and Girls. Consequently courses were delivered at various places: in inns and clubs, in other schools premises. The town authorities were appealing to all men and boys, who were not fit enough to enlist, to join the youth and citizens defence forces. In general, those defence forces were provided with the training in shooting; they attended practical training on Sundays and holidays, while the theoretical part was dealt with in the evenings. The response of young men was quite satisfactory. Časopisi so redno objavljali enostavne tedenske jedilnike, prilagojene letnemu času in dosegljivi prehrani. / Newspapers regularly published simple weekly menus adapted to the season and available food. Gospodarske; Tedenski jedilni red v vojnem času (1915). Štajerc, let. 16, št. 31. URN:NBN:SI:DOC-TQ0CA3PI from Gimnazija in dijaški dom v Prešernovi ulici / Grammar school and boarding school in Prešernova Street SI_ZAP/0219, Zbirka razglednic , št. 86. Živilska karta za moko in kruh, ki so jo uporabljali od 16. do 22. maja / A ration card for flour and bread used from 16th to 22nd May SI_ZAP/0006, Zbirka muzejskega društva , šk. 46, ovoj 6/

10 Vrvež v ptujski Ulici Vseh svetih, danes Jadranska, / Hustle and bustle in All Saints Street, modern Jadranska Street, PMPO, fotodokumentacija / PMPO, photo documentation Seznam Ptujčanov, ki niso hoteli razobesiti državne zastave ob rojstnem dnevu cesarja Franca Jožefa I., / A list of Ptuj citizens who refused to hoist the state flag on the emperor Franz Josef I s birthday, SI_ZAP/005, Mestna občina Ptuj , šk. 192, spis 1553/

11 Brane Oblak Gospodarske razmere Economic situation gospodarskem pogledu je prva svetovna vojna na V ptujskem in ormoškem območju tako kot drugod pomenila velik zastoj. Sledove je pustila na vseh ravneh, na finančnem področju, v obrti, trgovini, gostinstvu in porajajoči se industriji. Na vseh področjih je oblast uvedla omejitvene ukrepe, ki so zavrli napredek. Na ptujskem in ormoškem območju so med vojno delovali različni denarni zavodi. V samem mestu je po principu regulativnih hranilnic delovala nemška Mestna hranilnica Ptuj, poleg te pa še slovenska Posojilnica na Ptuju. Na podeželju so bile ustanovljene kreditne zadruge. Te so delovale po Raiffeisnovih in Schulze-Delitschevih načelih. Med vojno so kreditne zadruge mirovale, hranilnice pa so morale vplačati velika sredstva za avstrijska vojna posojila. Od 1. do 6. vojnega posojila sta Mestna hranilnica Ptuj in mesto Ptuj vpisala 15 milijonov kron, 79 občin okraja Ptuj dva milijona kron in okrajni zastop šest milijonov kron. Za 6. vojno posojilo junija 1917 sta Mestna občina Ptuj in Mestna hranilnica Ptuj vplačali skupaj še 4,3 milijona kron. Mestna hranilnica je zaradi tega prikazovala izgubo vse do leta Prva svetovna vojna je močno prizadela tudi ptujsko obrtništvo. Precej obrtnikov je moralo med vojno zapustiti svoja delovna mesta. Nekaterim so občutno padla delovna naročila, saj je določenih surovin, kot so železo, kože, steklo, prehrambne surovine, petrolej, občutno primanjkovalo. Po drugi strani pa so nekateri obrtniki, na primer kovinarji, krojači in čevljarji, zaradi vojnih naročil dobili več dela, vendar so bile njihove storitve slabo plačane. Stagniranje ali nazadovanje se je poznalo tudi v trgovski dejavnosti, gostinstvu in porajajoči se industriji. In terms of economy, the First World War meant stagnation for Ptuj and Ormož area, as everywhere else in the world. The war put its stamp on all sectors: finances, crafts, trade, catering, on the emerging industry; everywhere the authorities issued restrictive measures which hindered all progress. During the war, different monetary institutions were operating in Ptuj and Ormož area. A German Town Savings Bank functioning as a regulatory savings bank was present in Ptuj itself; beside it there was also the Slovenian Loan Society. In the countryside several credit unions were established and modelled after the principles of Raiffeisen and Schulze-Delitsch. During the war credit unions were at a standstill, while savings banks had to pay in important amount of funds for Austrian war bonds. From the first to the sixth war loans, the Town Savings Bank Ptuj and the town of Ptuj registered 15 million kronor, 79 communities from the district of Ptuj 2 million kronor, and the district authorities 6 million kronor. For the sixth war loan in June 1917, Ptuj Town Municipality and Town Savings Bank Ptuj had to pay in additional 4.3 million kronor, due to what the savings bank registered losses in their operations until The First World War left its print also on the crafts sector. Quite a few craftsmen had to abandon their workplace, some experienced dramatic losses of orders as certain raw materials, such as iron, animal hides, glass, foodstuffs, petroleum, were very scarce to find. On the other hand, some craftsmen were overwhelmed with work due to the needs directly arising from the war, such as metalworkers, tailors and shoemakers; however, their work was badly paid. The process of stagnation and even of regression spread also in trade, catering and the emerging industry. Tedenski popis cen živil in nujnih življenjskih potrebščin na ptujski tržnici na dan 22. avgusta Mestni urad je moral deželni vladi o cenah poročati vsak teden. / Weekly inventory of prices of foodstuffs and basic necessities at the market place in Ptuj on 22nd August The Town Office had to report on prices to the provincial government every week. SI_ZAP/0005, Mestna občina Ptuj, šk. 194, spis 116/

12 Ptujska trafika, Foto: Alois Kasimir. / Newsstand in Ptuj, Photo: Alois Kasimir. Univerzalni muzej Joanneum, Multimediale Sammlung, PL Propagandni plakat iz leta 1917 za 7. avstrijsko vojno posojilo / Propaganda poster from 1917 for the seventh Austrian war loan SI_ZAP/0005, Mestna občina Ptuj, šk. 238, ovoj 11299/17. Razglas o potrebah po kruhu in moki za vojsko, 1916 / Proclamation of needs of bread and flour for the military, 1916 SI_ZAP/0006, Zbirka muzejskega društva Ptuj , šk. 46, ovoj 6/1. Gospodarski omejitveni ukrepi, ki so veljali za mesta, na podeželju niso bili tako rigorozni. Kmetje takega pomanjkanja hrane in osnovnih življenjskih potrebščin vendarle niso tako občutili. Izdani ukrepi in prepovedi v zvezi z omejitvami na podeželju so se v glavnem nanašali na zasebno uporabo živil ter na strateško pomembne vojne potrebščine. Kljub temu je vojna vihra pustila svoje sledi tudi tukaj. Economic restrictive measures in force in towns were less rigorous in the countryside. Farmers and peasants suffered much less from the shortage of food and basic necessities. Established measures and restrictions in the countryside comprised in general the private use of foodstuffs and strategically important war necessities. In spite of this, the maelstrom of war left its mark here as well. Medvojna podoba ptujskega hotela Osterberger / Osterberger hotel in Ptuj during the war PMPO, fotodokumentacija / PMPO, photo documentation 20 21

13 Nataša Kolar Begunci in vojni ujetniki Refugees and Prisoners of War Po premirju med Rusijo in centralnimi silami, podpisanem 3. marca 1918 v Brest-Litovsku, so na avstrijskih tleh začeli priprave na vrnitev beguncev in vojnih ujetnikov v njihovo domovino. Večina beguncev iz ptujskega okraja se je iz Galicije vrnila domov do julija 1918, vojni ujetniki pa so se na svoje domove vračali ob koncu vojne, saj so še oktobra 1918 pomagali pri jesenskih kmetijskih delih. After the armistice between Russia and the central powers, and the treaty signed on 3rd March 1918 in Brest-Litovsk, Austria started to get ready for the return of refugees and prisoners of war. The majority of refugees in Ptuj district had returned to Galicia by July 1918, while prisoners of war started their homeward journey only after the war had ended as they had to help farmers at their autumn work in October Zaradi vojnih razmer je na vseh evropskih bojiščih in v njihovem zaledju velik udarec utrpelo tudi civilno prebivalstvo. Prve vojaške operacije v Galiciji so sprožile selitev civilnega prebivalstva, ki se je bilo prisiljeno umakniti z območja krvavih vojaških spopadov. Z umikom v zaledna območja Avstro-Ogrske so postali brezdomci, torej begunci. Poiskati so si morali novo nastanitev. Iz Galicije so begunci poljske in nemške narodnosti začeli prihajati tudi na ptujsko območje. Nastanili so se na Ptuju z okolico, na Vurberku, v Muretincih, Markovcih, Zavrču, na Ptujski Gori, v Sv. Lovrencu na Dravskem polju in drugod. Na gradu Vurberk so od oktobra 1915 naprej dobili zatočišče tudi tirolski in primorski begunci. V begunskem taborišču v Muretincih je bivalo 300 judovskih beguncev. Z vpoklicem moških vojnih obveznikov v vojsko je na vseh gospodarskih področjih Avstro-Ogrske začelo primanjkovati delovne sile. Da bi lahko gospodarstvo v vojnih razmerah delovalo kar se da normalno, je avstrijska oblast morala ukrepati. Odločila se je, da bo v ta namen uporabila begunce in vojne ujetnike. V ptujskem okraju so leta 1915 ruske vojne ujetnike nastanili na Vurberku, v Hlaponcih in na Krčevini, na posestvih na Ptujski Gori in v Podlehniku ter na Hintzevem posestvu. Na teh posestvih so pomagali pri kmetijskih delih (setev, žetev, trgatev) in tudi pri sečnji lesa. V obdobju, ko vojni ujetniki niso delali na kmetijah, so bili zaposleni pri gradnji cest, mostov, kanalov, pomagali pa so tudi obrtnikom. Tako je bilo v Usnjarni Pirich zaposlenih 10 ruskih vojnih ujetnikov. Na območju občine Ormož je leta 1916 pri različnih delih pomagalo 80 ruskih vojnih ujetnikov, v ptujskem okraju pa je leta 1917 pomagalo 1500 ruskih vojnih ujetnikov. War conditions on all European battlefields and behind the frontlines took a toll also among the civilians who suffered a terrible blow. First military operations in Galicia made the civilians move from the area of bloody military battles. Having moved behind the frontlines in Austria-Hungary, those civilians became homeless people, i.e. refugees. They had to find new home. Refugees from Galicia, Poles and Germans, were arriving also in Ptuj area. They settled in Ptuj and its surroundings, in Vurberk, Muretinci, Markovci, Zavrč, on Ptujska Gora, in Sv. Lovrenc na Dravskem polju, and elsewhere. The Vurberk castle served as a refugee camp from October 1915 on to fugitives from Tyrol and the Slovenian coast. In Muretinci the refugee camp counted some 300 Jewish refugees. The recruitment of male conscripts in the army entailed a lack of manpower in all economic sectors in Austria-Hungary. The Austrian authorities had to take certain measures in order to make the economy function as well as possible. To this end they made use of refugees and prisoners of war. In 1915, Russian prisoners of war were sent to Ptuj district and were settled in Vurberk, Hlaponci, Krčevina, on landed properties on Ptujska Gora and in Podlehnik, and on Hintze s estate. There, they helped at farm work (sowing, reaping, grape-picking), and in woods (tree felling). When there was no work on farms, the prisoners of war were employed at the building of roads, bridges and channels, as well as they helped craftsmen. For example, the Leatherwork Pirich employed 10 Russian prisoners of war. In 1916 in Ormož community some 80 Russian prisoners of war helped at various chores; in 1917 in Ptuj district worked 1,500 Russians prisoners of war. Šolski zemljevid Avstro-Ogrske z označenimi deželami monarhije, tudi Galicija in Bukovina, 1899 / School map of Austria-Hungary with marked states of the monarchy including Galicia and Bukovina, 1899 PMPO, fotodokumentacija / PMPO, photo documentation 22 23

14 Vojni ujetniki pri urejanju ceste v Halozah, / Prisoners of war at road-works in Haloze, PMPO, fotodokumentacija / PMPO, photo documentation Druženje domačinov z ruskimi vojnimi ujetniki / Russian prisoners of war and locals socialising SI_ZAP/0386, Fototeka, šk. 15, Album 2. Razglednica z veduto Vurberka, kjer so med prvo svetovno vojno živeli begunci. / A postcard with Vurberk skyline - home to numerous refugees during World War I SI_ZAP/0219, Zbirka razglednic , št Ruski vojni ujetniki na trgatvi v Osterbergerjevem vinogradu v Dolani, 1915 / Russian prisoners of war grape-picking in Osterberger s vineyard in Dolana, 1915 PMPO, fotodokumentacija / PMPO, photo documentation 24 25

15 Nataša Kolar Propaganda in kultura Propaganda and culture vojnopropagandne namene je avstrijska oblast V vključila tudi fotografije in umetniška dela, ki so jih naredili posamezniki, fotografi in umetniki v okviru umetniške skupine vojnoobveščevalnega urada na bojiščih, v njihovi okolici in tudi v zaledju. Veliko njihovih motivov so uporabili za razglednice, na katerih so predstavili prizore iz vojaškega življenja, slovo vojakov od družin, begunstvo, ujetništvo in domoljubne motive. Med uradnimi vojnimi slikarji je bil tudi Luigi Kasimir, po rodu Ptujčan, ki je v obliki risbe in grafike zabeležil vojne grozote v Belgiji, Galiciji in Dolomitih. Znana je njegova grafična mapa z naslovom Luigi Kasimir, Galicija 1915, Dnevnik umetnika. To meet the objectives of war propaganda, the Austrian authorities made use of photography and works of art realised by individuals, photographers and artists within the artistic group of the Military- Intelligence Office on battlefields, near them and also behind the frontlines. A number of their motifs were used as postcards depicting scenes from the military life, a farewell of soldiers and leave-taking from their families, exile, captivity, and patriotic motifs. Among official war painters was Luigi Kasimir, born in Ptuj, who immortalised in drawings and graphics war atrocities as they happened in Belgium, Galicia and the Dolomites. A file of his graphics, entitled Luigi Kasimir, Galicia 1915, Dairy of an Artist, is well known. Številni literati in tudi posamezniki, ki so spoznali vojaško plat življenja, so vtise o vojnih grozotah zapisali v svojih delih. Matija Belec, doma pri Sv. Bolfenku v Slovenskih goricah (Biš), je leta 1917 izdal zbirko domoljubnih pesmi z naslovom Solzna Avstrija, v spomin prelivanja krvi in svetovne vojske. Kljub vojnim razmeram so na Ptujskem v okrnjeni sestavi pripravljali kulturne dogodke (koncerte, gledališke predstave, proslave), v kinu pa so ob običajnem programu (romance, avanturistični filmi) predvajali tudi junaške vojaške filme in v predfilmu posplošena propagandna poročila o junaških dogodkih lastne armade. S temi poročili prebivalstva niso hoteli šokirati z vojno grozo, pač pa ljudi le odvrniti od napornega vojnega vsakdanjika. Numerous writers and other individuals who happened to experience the military way of life described war atrocities in their books. Matija Belec from Sv. Bolfenk in Slovenske Gorice (Biš), published in 1917 a collection of patriotic poems entitled Austria in Tears, in memory of the bloodshed and world war. Despite the war and what came with it, cultural events in Ptuj were going on, although the organising committee was rather diminished. There were concerts, theatre plays, celebrations, while the cinema staged, beside the regular programme (romantic and adventure films), heroic military films, and the propaganda newsreel showed generalised reports on heroic deeds of the army. The news was not intended to shock people with war atrocities, only to make them forget about their strenuous day. Luigi Kasimir, Pawlosinsky dvor (a), Wietlin (b). Iz grafične mape Galicija / Luigi Kasimir, Pawlosinsky palace (a), Wietlin (b). From a map of graphics Galicia Litografija / Lithography PMPO, G 1244g Plakat Narodne čitalnice, ki vabi na igro Pri belem konjičku, 28. april / A poster of the National Reading Circle inviting to a play At the White Horse, on 28th April 1918 SI_ZAP/0005, Mestna občina Ptuj , šk. 232, spis

16 Čeprav so bile zbirke ptujskega muzeja zaprte, pa raziskovalno delo na muzejskem področju v tem obdobju ni zastalo. Na Zgornjem Bregu in Spodnji Hajdini so potekala arheološka izkopavanja, ki sta jih izvajala Muzejsko društvo Ptuj in Avstrijski arheološki inštitut z Dunaja. Arheolog Karl Wigand je leta 1915 izdal članek o dotlej odkritih nutricah iz Petovione. Although the museum collections in Ptuj were closed down, the research work of the museum did all but stop. In Zgornji Breg and Spodjna Hajdina districts archaeological excavations were carried out by the Ptuj Museum Society and Austrian Archaeological Institute from Vienna. Karl Wigand, archaeologist, published in 1915 an article about Nutrices from Poetovio. Propagandna razglednica z motivom ptujskega gradu s severne strani in častniškim paviljonom, 1916/17 / A propaganda postcard with Ptuj castle to the north and officers pavilion, SI_ZAP/0219, Zbirka razglednic , št. 34. Propagandna zložljiva dopisnica: Svetovna vojna Kdo bo zmagal? /Weltkrieg Wer wird siegen? / Folding propaganda postcard: World War 1914, Who will win? / Propagandna razglednica Ptuja s tremi motivi, 1915 / A propaganda postcard from Ptuj with three motifs, 1915 SI_ZAP/0219, Zbirka razglednic , št

17 Nataša Kolar Zbiralne in humanitarne akcije Collecting and humanitarian activities Od začetka vojne je bila oskrba prebivalstva in vojske zelo težavna. Oblast je zato zelo močno propagirala različne zbiralne akcije, ki so jih pod okriljem vojnooskrbovalnega urada organizirale številne humanitarne organizacije, med katerimi je prevladovala avstrijska družba Rdečega križa z deželnimi društvi in njihovimi odbori. Zamenjava zlatih prstanov z železnimi je bil velik uspeh. Ko ni bilo mogoče ničesar več menjati, so uporabili bakrene strehe, zvonove, orgelske piščali in okovje za vrata. Za oskrbo vojakov na bojiščih so humanitarne organizacije zbirale materialne dobrine (toplo obleko, obutev, spodnje perilo, posteljnino, rokavice, nogavice in drugo) in denarne prispevke, slednje tudi za vojne invalide, sirote in otroke padlih vojakov ter vdove. Oblast je v okviru propagande za vojaški namen izkoristila tudi otroke in mladino, ki so ob različnih zbiralnih akcijah (zbirali so kovinske predmete, različna zelišča ter liste robidnic za čaj in drugo) izvajali tudi pomožna dela in pomagali v kmetijstvu. Since the beginning of the war, assuring supplies for the civilians and the army was very difficult. Therefore under the auspices of War-Supply Office the authorities made a fierce promotion of various collection activities to be carried out by numerous humanitarian organisations among which prevailed the Austrian unit of Red Cross, its provincial societies and councils. The exchange of golden rings for iron ones was a great success. When there was nothing to be exchanged any longer, copper roofs were taken, bells and organs, as well as door hinges. In order to supply the military on battlefields, the humanitarian organisations collected goods such as warm clothes, footwear, underclothes, bed linen, gloves, socks and other, as well as pecuniary donations destined for war invalids, orphans and children of soldiers killed in war, and widows. As part of the propaganda activities intended for the purposes of war, the authorities made use of the youth and children who, besides carrying out different collection activities (collection of metal items, various herbs and blackberry leaves to make tea), had to help with extra works and in agriculture. Among different activities organised by the War-Supply Office was also the publishing of various propaganda postcards in series with a specific thematic: holidays, service activities, prisoners of war, battlefields and others, as well as collections of stamps equally representing certain topics: crown lands of the monarchy, the supplying of widows and orphans, generals of the allied powers, a series of pictures of Emperor Charles, and other; both series bore the emblem of the Official War Welfare and the mention of the basic price. The surplus of the sale was intended to help and support war invalids, widows, orphans, children and others. Otroška propagandna razglednica za zbiranje kovinskih predmetov, / Children propaganda postcard for the collection of metal items, Na desni / On the right: Plakat deželnega namestnika Claryja za oddajo zlatih predmetov za vojaške namene, 7. oktober 1915 / Poster of the provincial deputy Clary for donation of golden items for the military purposes, 7th October 1915 SI_ZAP/0006 Zbirka muzejskega društva, šk

18 Med akcije, ki jih je organiziral vojnooskrbovalni urad, je spadalo tudi tiskanje različnih propagandnih serij vojnih razglednic z različno tematiko (prazniki, storitvene dejavnosti, vojni ujetniki, bojišča in drugo) in tematske serije znamk (kronovine monarhije, oskrba vdov in sirot, poveljniki sil osi, serija cesarja Karla in drugo), oboje z emblemom Uradno vojno varstvo (Offiziellen Kriegsfürsorge) ter navedbo prodajne cene. Izkupiček od prodaje je bil namenjen za pomoč in podporo vojnim invalidom, vdovam, sirotam, otrokom in drugim. Propagandna razglednica Rdečega križa z motivom vojnega invalida / Red Cross propaganda postcard displaying a motif of a disabled soldier / Propagandna razglednica Rdečega križa, / Red Cross propaganda postcard, / Na levi / On the left: Spominski list je v zahvalo ptujski dobrodelni organizaciji Stanislaus za zbrane in poslane darove v letih 1914 in 1915, namenjene vdovam in sirotam v vojni padlih vojakov, poslala ljudska šola Maria Zell iz Avstrije. / A memorial page sent to Ptuj humanitarian organisation Stanislaus by the public school Maria Zell from Austria to thank them for collected and sent goods in 1914 and 1915 intended for widows and orphans of soldiers killed in war

19 Nataša Kolar Bolnišnica Strnišče pri Ptuju Hospital in Strnišče pri Ptuju Avstrijska oblast je v Strnišču pri Ptuju med aprilom 1915 in junijem 1916 na površini 234 hektarjev zgradila taboriščni kompleks z 295 barakami za vojaški namen. Po prvotnem načrtu naj bi v njih nastanili ruske vojne ujetnike. Zaradi italijanske vojne napovedi 23. maja 1915 in s tem širitve bojišč je bila avstrijska oblast prisiljena večino vojnih ujetniških taborišč v monarhiji preoblikovati v vojaške rezervne bolnišnice za zdravljenje vojakov avstro-ogrske armade; z njimi je oblast tako dopolnila vojaške in civilne bolnišnice. Po spremembi namembnosti vojnega ujetniškega taborišča Strnišče pri Ptuju je oblast skupine barak namenila za dejavnost petih rezervnih vojaških bolnišnic. Uradni naziv vseh teh bolnišnic skupaj je bil Bolnišnica Strnišče (Spital Sternthal). Upravno je bila dodeljena poveljstvu jugozahodne fronte, podrejena pa 5. armadnemu etapnemu poveljstvu v Postojni. Med letoma 1915 in 1918 so se po doslej znanih podatkih v barakarskih skupinah zvrstile naslednje rezervne bolnišnice: Klatovo, Kutna gora, Halicz, Dunaj XIX, Vršovic-Nusle št. 7, Lukavac, Sanok No. 1, Mlada Boleslav. Ob imenovanih so bile še nekatere druge, ki pa so delovale zelo kratek čas. Po imenih bolnišnic sklepamo, da je Strnišče pri Ptuju zadovoljevalo zdravstvene potrebe tako vzhodnega kot zahodnega bojišča, saj je prišlo največ ranjencev s fronte v Karpatih in z velike italijanske fronte ob Soči. Rezervne bolnišnice so bile splošne, nekatere med njimi so imele še posebne specialistične oddelke. V Bolnišnici Strnišče so lahko sprejeli okrog ranjenih in bolnih vojakov, vojnih ujetnikov in zaposlenih. Between April 1915 and June 1916, the Austrians built near the village of Strnišče pri Ptuju a huttedcamp complex spreading on 234 hectares and with 295 huts to serve the military. It was initially meant for the Russian prisoners of war. As Italy declared war on 23rd May 1915 thus opening another frontline in Europe, the Austrians were obliged to turn the majority of prisoners camps in the monarchy into military reserve hospitals which would take care of the wounded soldiers of Austro-Hungarian troops; these hospitals thus increased the number of military and civil hospitals in the monarchy. After the purpose of the war prisoners camp in Strnišče pri Ptuju had changed, a group of huts was turned over to five military reserve hospitals. The official denomination of all these hospital premises was Strnišče Hospital (Spital Sternthal). In terms of administrative ranking the hospital was allocated to the headquarters of the south-western front and under the command of the fifth army unit positioned in Postojna. Between 1915 and 1918 and according to the available evidence, the following reserve hospitals were stationed in the huts: Klatovo, Kutna gora, Halicz, Vienna XIX, Vršovic-Nusle No. 7, Lukavac, Sanok No. 1, Mlada Boleslav. Besides the mentioned hospitals, there were some others which were in operation only for a short time. Judging by the names of the hospitals it can be assumed that Strnišče pri Ptuju provided health care for the needs of eastern and western battlefields as the majority of wounded were conveyed in from the Carpathian mountains, and from the great Italian Isonzo front. The reserve hospitals were general hospitals, but some of them had certain specialist units. The hospital in Strnišče could accommodate 9,700 wounded and sick soldiers, 2,400 prisoners of war, and 2,000 staff members. V bolnišničnem kompleksu sta bila napeljana kanalizacija in vodovod, razsvetljava je bila električna, delovala je ozkotirna železnica. Zaradi sistemsko urejenega samooskrbnega gospodarstva, vzdrževalnih del in dela v različnih obrtnih delavnicah, ki so bile sestavni del bolnišničnega kompleksa, je oblast v njegovem sestavu pustila vojnoujetniški delovni oddelek, v katerem so bili samo za potrebe Strnišča nastanjeni ruski vojni ujetniki. Njihovo število je bilo različno, na primer avgusta 1915 jih je bilo 1712, maja 1918 pa le 218. The hospital complex had sewage and water supply systems, electricity, and a narrow-gauge railway. Due to the subsistence economy system, maintenance works and manpower needs for different crafts workshops being an integral part of the hospital complex, a working unit of Russian prisoners of war was established in the complex to meet exclusively the needs of the Strnišče hospital. The number of prisoners varied; in August 1915 they were 1,712, in May 1918 only 218. Načrt kompleksa Bolnišnice Strnišče, 1915 / Plan of the Strnišče hospital complex PMPO, LR

20 36 37 Načrt bolnišnične barake v Strnišču / Plan of a hospital hut in Strnišče SI_ZAP/0005 MOP, šk. 262.

21 H kompleksu Bolnišnice Strnišče je spadalo tudi pokopališče, ki ga je vojaška uprava uredila za umrle v strniških rezervnih bolnišnicah. Večina vojakov je umrla zaradi infekcijskih bolezni (tifus, griža, vnetje ledvic, pljučnica in tuberkuloza). Med neinfekcijskimi boleznimi sta bila prevladujoča vzroka smrti slabitev srca in splošna izčrpanost zaradi posledic vojne. The hospital complex was also provided with a graveyard set up by the military administration uniquely for the needs of Strnišče hospital. The majority of soldiers died of infectious diseases, such as typhus, dysentery, kidney infection, pneumonia, tuberculosis, while non-infectious diseases that took their toll among the soldiers in Strnišče were the weakening and failure of the heart and general exhaustion as direct consequences of war. Jutranja vizita v baraki IV. oddelka. Posnetek iz Albuma rezervne bolnišnice Lukavac Albina Pogačnika st., / Morning medical round in the hut of the fourth unit. A photograph from the Album of the hospital Lukavac, photo by Albin Pogačnik, Sr., 1916 PMPO, ZG 4061 Tesarska delavnica. Posnetek iz Albuma rezervne bolnišnice Lukavac Albina Pogačnika st., 1916 / Carpenter s workshop. A photograph from the Album of the hospital Lukavac, photo by Albin Pogačnik, Sr., 1916 PMPO, ZG 4061 Pralnica. Posnetek iz Albuma rezervne bolnišnice Lukavac Albina Pogačnika st., / A washing-hut. A photograph from the Album of the hospital Lukavac, photo by Albin Pogačnik, Sr., 1916 PMPO, ZG

22 Katja Zupanič Premirje The Armistice Številne žrtve, ranjenci in pohabljenci, bojevanje mož nož na nož, pomanjkanje hrane, uporaba kemičnega orožja in drugo so povečevali protivojno razpoloženje med vojaki in prebivalstvom. Med vsemi avtonomnimi mesti avstrijskega dela monarhije je imel ptujski okraj do 31. decembra 1917 največ vojnih izgub oziroma žrtev, saj je bila umrljivost prebivalstva velika: umrlo je kar 350 prebivalcev od Smrt cesarja Franca Jožefa I. 21. novembra 1916 je med ljudmi vzbujala dodatno zaskrbljenost. Leta 1917 so se že na vseh bojiščih kazale posledice triletne vojne, protivojno razpoloženje pa se je še bolj okrepilo po oktobrski revoluciji, ko je Rusija izstopila iz vojne. Vedno več je bilo zahtev po ustanavljanju nacionalnih držav na tleh monarhije in po končanju vojne. Slovanski narodi se niso več hoteli bojevati. Izjema je bila soška fronta, kjer so se Slovenci še bojevali, saj so čutili, da s tem branijo tudi svojo domovino. Totalna blokada držav centralnih sil je v Nemčiji in Avstriji ustvarila tudi veliko pomanjkanje vsega, kar je bilo nujno za prehrano in oskrbo prebivalstva, tudi vojakov, ter pomanjkanje surovin za vojno industrijo. Dne 11. novembra 1918 se je s podpisom premirja končal štiriletni pokol. Vloga Evrope v svetu se je zmanjšala, v ospredje je stopila ZDA. Madžarska je zapustila zvezo z Avstrijo, cesar Karel I. se je odpovedal svoji vladarski vlogi. Dne 1. decembra 1918 je nastala Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev. Vojna, za katero se je pričakovalo, da bo končana v nekaj mesecih, je za seboj pustila množico mrtvih, ranjenih in pohabljenih, spremenila je pokrajine, politične ureditve in v življenju ljudi pustila neizbrisen pečat. Countless casualties, wounded and disabled, men fighting each other knife-to-knife, food shortage, the use of chemical weapons, and many other things resulted in the constantly increasing anti-military attitude among soldiers and civilians. Among the autonomous cities of the Austrian part of the monarchy, the district of Ptuj paid the greatest toll in terms of casualties as on 31st December 1917, and the death rate among people was enormous: 350 inhabitants out of 1,000 died. The death of Emperor Franz Josef I in November 1916 increased the anxiety of the already frightened population. In 1917 the consequences of the three-year war started to show on all war theatres, while the anti-war feelings grew stronger again after the October Revolution in Russia when the country pulled out of the war. There was an increasing number of demands for the establishment of national states on the territory of the monarchy after the end of the war. Slavic nations refused to fight any longer. The only exception to the rule was the Isonzo front where the Slovenians kept on fighting as they nurtured the feeling to defend their homeland. The total blockade of central-power countries caused, in Austria and Germany, a terrible lack of everything which was of vital importance for nourishment and general supply of the populations and soldiers, as well as the lack of raw materials needed for the war industry. On 11th November 1918 the four-year massacre ended with a peace treaty. The role of Europe in the world decreased as it was supplanted by the USA. Hungary abandoned the monarchy, the emperor Charles I abdicated. On 1st December 1918 the Kingdom of Serbs, Croatians and Slovenes was established. Osmrtnica za Avstrijo, 31. oktober 1918 / Obituary notice for Austria 31st October 1918 PMPO, LR 1931 The war everyone thought it would end in a few months left behind countless dead, wounded and disabled, changed landscapes, political regimes, and most of all left ineffaceable stamp in people s lives

23 Avstro-ogrska vojska med vojno na Ptuju, / Austro-Hungarian army in Ptuj during the war, PMPO, fotodokumentacija/ PMPO, photo documentation Obvestilo Okrajnega glavarstva na Ptuju z dne 5. novembra 1918 občinskemu uradu, da civilno prebivalstvo poskrbi za oddajo predpisane količine krompirja za železničarje. / 5th November 1918 Ptuj - District Authority s notice to the municipal office that the civilians were to hand over the prescribed quantities of potatoes intended for the railway workers. SI_ZAP/0005, Mestna občina Ptuj, šk

24 Prvi narodni praznik na Ptuju, 15. december 1918 / First national holiday celebrated in Ptuj, 15th December 1918 PMPO, fotodokumentacija / PMPO, photo documentation 44 45

25 Katalog Uniformiranost / Uniforms 1. Žandarmerijska torbica s pasom in tulcem za bajonet, po letu 1910 Usnje, železo Dolžina 38 cm PMPO, UO 1885/a DP Gendarme s bag with a belt and a bayonet-sheath, after 1910 Leather, iron Length 38 cm PMPO, UO 1885/a DP Na usnjenem pasu sta nameščena torbica in tulec za bajonet. 2. Italijanski bajonet za puško Vetterli M 1870/87 TA, sedemdeseta ali osemdeseta leta 19. stoletja Železo, les, usnje, medenina Dolžina celote 41 cm, dolžina rezila 28 cm PMPO, UO 894 o Italian bayonet for a rifle Vetterli M 1870/87 TA, seventies or eighties of the 19th century Iron, wood, leather, brass Length 41 cm, length of blade 28 cm PMPO, UO 894 o Bajonet ima dvorezno rezilo, ki je v prerezu rombaste oblike, z žlebičema. Na nepriostrenem delu je vtisnjen ovalen znak s črkama MA. Isti znak se ponovi tudi na nožnici, ki je opeta z usnjem in okrepljena z medenino. Lit.: Ciglenečki, Selinšek, 1999, str. 200, kat. št Torbica za naboje za revolver, po letu 1910 Usnje, železo Dolžina 13,1 cm, višina 5,9 cm širina 5,9 cm PMPO, UO 1884 DP A revolver bullet holder, after 1910 Leather, iron Length 13.1 cm, height 5.9 cm, width 5.9 cm PMPO, UO 1884 DP Usnjena torbica je bila namenjena za shranjevanje nabojev kalibra 11 mm. 4. Italijanska častniška spada, konec 19. stoletja Železo, les Dolžina celote 92 cm, dolžina rezila 78 cm PMPO, UO 756 o Italian officer s sword, end of 19th century Iron, wood Length 92 cm, length of blade 78 cm PMPO, UO 756 o Paradna spada z dvoreznim gladkim sečnim rezilom, ki je v prerezu rombaste oblike, je na obeh straneh okrašena z rastlinskimi ornamenti, trofejami in grboma. Lit.: Ciglenečki, Selinšek, 1999, str Čaka pehotnega štabnega častnika (podpolkovnik, polkovnik, major) cesarsko-kraljeve vojske, po letu 1910 Klobučevina, usnje, kovina, tekstilni material Velikost 22 x 13 cm PMPO, UO 655/6 DP A shako of the infantry staff officer of the Imperial-Royal Army, after 1910 Felt, leather, metal, textile Size 22 x 13 cm PMPO, UO 655/6 DP Podloga čake je rjava. Na notranji strani pokrivala sta kovinski zanki za pritrditev traku. V notranjosti ni več viden pečat izdelovalca. Velikost čake je 22 3/

26 6. Čaka pehotnega nižjega častnika (korporal) cesarsko- kraljeve vojske, po letu 1910 Klobučevina, usnje, tekstilni material Velikost 23,5 x 12,5 cm PMPO, UO 655/9 DP A shako of the infantry noncommissioned officer of the Imperial-Royal Army, after 1910 Felt, leather, metal, textile Size 23.5 x 12.5 cm PMPO, UO 655/9 DP Čaka je brez rože in dvoglavega orla. Podloga je rdečerjava. Na notranji strani pokrivala sta kovinski zanki za pritrditev traku. Velikost čake ni vidna. 7. Moštvena huzarska čaka za nižjega častnika (stražnik, korporal) cesarsko- kraljeve vojske, po letu 1910 Klobučevina, usnje, tekstilni material Velikost 22,7 x 13 cm PMPO, UO 655/8 DP A hussar shako of a noncommissioned officer of the Imperial-Royal Army, after 1910 Felt, leather, metal, textile Size 22.7 x 13 cm PMPO, UO 655/8 DP Temno modro čako so nosili pripadniki cesarsko-kraljeve vojske 1. in 13. huzarskega polka. Podloga je vijoličnorjava. Na notranji strani pokrivala sta kovinski zanki za pritrditev traku. Velikost čake je Zaščitna nadpokrivalna čaka za častnika, po letu 1910 Povoskana Velikost: 24,8 x 13,8 cm PMPO, UO 655/17 A protective cap for officer s shako, after 1910 Wax Size 24.8 x 13.8 cm PMPO, UO 655/17 Zaščitno nadpokrivalo je črno in povoščeno. Podloga je rjava. Na notranji strani pokrivala sta kovinski zanki za pritrditev traku. Velikost nadpokrivala je 58 1/2. Vojaška oprema in orožje / Military equipment and weapons 9. Nemška signalna pištola s kopitom, Železo, les Dolžina pištole 75,5 cm, dolžina cevi 43 cm PMPO, UO 863 o German flare gun with stock, Iron, wood Length 75.5 cm, length of barrel 43 cm PMPO, UO 863 o 10. Avstrijska signalna pištola M 1904 LP, 1918 Železo, les Dolžina pištole 40 cm, dolžina cevi 23 cm, kaliber 26 mm PMPO, UO 830 o Nemci so med letoma 1914 in 1916 na zahodni fronti, v Mulhausnu, zaplenjeno francosko pehotno puško Lebel Mle 1886 M 93 predelali v signalno pištolo. Oznaka AAG 1298 označuje vojaško enoto Armee Abteilung Gaede in verjetno njeno oznako. Lit.: Zbirka orožja, 1999, str. 236, kat. št Austrian flare gun M 1904 LP, 1918 Iron, wood Length 40 cm, length of barrel 23 cm, calibre 26 mm PMPO, UO 830 o Signalna pištola sistema Hebel nemške proizvodnje je namenjena za eno raketo. Na levi strani sta nad sprožilcem vtisnjeni oznaki W.H.F. (Waffenfabrik) in EAXI (Erzeugunsanstalt XI). Pod bobničem je vtisnjena serijska številka 82945, pod njo pa še kontrolni žig in leto sprejema v uporabo: Wa (wid) 18. Lit.: Zbirka orožja, 1999, str. 247, kat. št Domoljubna križna značka za kapo, 1914 Kositer Velikost 2,8 x 2,6 cm PMPO, ZGO 712/2014 A patriotic cross-shaped badge for a cap, 1914 Tin Size 2.8 x 2.6 cm PMPO, ZGO 712/2014 Značka ima obliko križa z reliefnima upodobitvama vladarjev Franca Jožefa I. in Viljema II. Na spodnjem kraku je letnica Na zadnji strani je napis: Uradna prodaja vojnega pomožnega urada Grs. Gesch.W.R. / Offiz. Verschleiss des Kriegshilfs Bureaus Grs. Gesch.W.R., prečna igla

27 12. Domoljubna križna značka za kapo, Cink Velikost 3 x 3 cm PMPO, ZGO 702/2014 A patriotic cross-shaped badge for a cap, Zinc Size 3 x 3 cm PMPO, ZGO 702/2014 V sredini križa je reliefna podoba cesarja Franca Jožefa I. Na zgornjem kraku je letnica 1914/15, na spodnjem kraku pa napis VII ARMEE. Na zadnji strani je prečna igla. 13. Rozeta za čako z znakom cesarja Karla I. Pločevina Premer 2,4 cm A shako rosette with the cipher of Emperor Charles I Sheet Diameter 2.4 cm Okrogla pločevinasta rozeta za čako ima v sredini inicialke cesarja Karla I. 14. Značka za vojaško kapo z reliefnim portretom cesarja Karla I., Cink Višina 4,9 cm A military badge for a cap with a relief portrait of the emperor Charles I, Zinc Height 4.9 cm Za znake s podobo cesarja Karla I. je bil zaradi slabih vojnih razmer na razpolago samo manj vreden material. Večinoma so za izdelovanje uporabili železno ali cinkovo pločevino. 16. Rozeta za čako z znakom cesarja Franca Jožefa I., Medenina Premer 2,5 cm A shako rosette with the cipher of Emperor Franz Josef I, Brass Diameter 2.5 cm Okrogla medeninasta rozeta za čako ima v sredini inicialke cesarja Franca Jožefa I. FJI. 17. Čelada italijanske vojske Adrian M-15 Železo, usnje Velikost 15 x 18 x 28 cm PMPO, UO 655/17 DP A helmet Adrian M-15 of the Italian army Iron, leather Size 15 x 18 x 28 cm PMPO, UO 655/17 DP Pol k rožna čelada ima osnovo v francoskem modelu. Sestavljena je iz štirih delov: krogelnega odseka, sprednjega in zadnjega ščitnika ter grebena na temenu. Znotraj ima usnjeno podlogo. Na prednji strani čelade sta z barvo odtisnjeni krona in številka Čutarica brez zamaška, Kovina, steklo Višina 16,3 cm PMPO, UO 1883 DP A gourd without cork, Metal, glass Height cm PMPO, UO 1883 DP Ena izmed številnih oblik čutaric, ki so si jih vojaki priskrbeli sami. V njih so zelo pogosto namesto vode imeli žganje. 15. Značka 3. armade v Beogradu 9. oktobra 1915 Medenina Velikost 3,2 x 6 cm PMPO, ZGO 722/2014 Badge of the 3rd Army in Belgrade on 9th October 1915 Brass Size 3.2 x 6 cm PMPO, ZGO 722/2014 Značka za kapo kaže panoramo Beograda s hriboma Vračar in Avala. Zgoraj je napis: 1915 / VK. VRČAR / AVALA. Spodaj piše: VIRIBUS UNITIS 9. OCTOBRIS / BELGRAD 3. ARMEE. Na zadnji strani so igla in signature. 19. Plinska maska M 1916 Kovina, plastika, platno Velikost 15 cm PMPO, ZGO 718/2014 Gas mask M 1916 Metal; plastic, linen Size 15 cm PMPO, ZGO 718/2014 Plinska maska, ki ima osnovo v nemškem modelu, je bila izdelana v Avstriji. Narejena je iz gumiranega platna in ožigosana z datumom kontrole 5. september 1918, G:G. Ö 4. Oznaka na filtru je K.U.K. F.4. Filter ustreza modernemu tristopenjskemu sistemu. Maska je shranjena v kositrni valjasti posodi. Na prednji strani je pečat s številko 3, ki pomeni velikost

28 20. Ohišje avstrijske ročne bombe, Železo Premer 9,5 cm PMPO, ZGO 720/ Zrno italijanske topovske granate kalibra 75 mm, 1914 Aluminij, baker, železo Dolžina 28,4 cm PMPO, ZGO 721/ Ohišje nemške okrogle ročne bombe M 1915 Železo Premer 8 cm PMPO, ZGO 719/ Čelada italijanske vojske Adrian M-15 Železo, usnje Velikost 15 x 18 x 28 cm PMPO, UO 655/18 DP 24. Reprodukciji fotografij vojakov v Strnišču. Iz Albuma rezervne bolnišnice Lukavac Albina Pogačnika st., 1916 PMPO, ZG 4061 Austrian hand bomb - shell, Iron Diameter 9.5 cm PMPO, ZGO 720/2014 Ohišje defenzivne avstrijske ročne bombe ima osnovo v francoskem modelu F 1. Bomba je narejena je iz litega železa in je jajčaste oblike. Na zunanjem plašču je grobo oblikovana okrnjena piramida. Zgoraj in spodaj je odprtina. A fragment of the Italian cannon grenade 75 mm calibre, 1914 Aluminium, copper, iron Length 28.4 cm PMPO, ZGO 721/2014 Telo granate je iz železa in cilindrične oblike, ki se proti vrhu zoži. Na vrhu je vijakast vžigalnik z mehanizmom za časovni vžig. Na vžigalniku je odtisnjena oznaka JCT 1/16 in BA v ovalu. Na dnu jedra je vtisnjena številka 14, ki pomeni leto izdelave, in zelo nečitljiva oznaka F6B. Domet zrna je bil nastavljen na 3850 metrov. German round hand bomb M 1915 shell Iron Diameter 8 cm PMPO, ZGO 719/2014 Ohišje težke bombe iz litega železa je okrogle oblike. Zgoraj in spodaj je odprtina. Bombo so aktivirali tako, da so z vžigalnikom udarili v trdo osnovo. Vžigalnik je bil zaščiten z varovalnim pokrovom, ki ga je bilo treba pred uporabo odviti. A helmet Adrian M-15 of the Italian army Iron, leather Size 15 x 18 x 28 cm PMPO, UO 655/18 DP Čelada je sestavljena iz štirih delov: krogelnega odseka, sprednjega in zadnjega ščitnika ter grebena na temenu. Znotraj manjka usnjena podloga. Številka na prednji strani čelade ni razpoznavna. Reproductions of photographs showing soldiers in Strnišče. From the album Lukavac hospital by Albin Pogačnik, Sr., 1916 PMPO, ZG Mitraljez Schwarzlose M 07/12, 1917 Kovina Dolžina 113 cm, višina s podstavkom 50 cm PMPO, LR 818a Machinegun Schwarzlose M 07/12, 1917 Metal Length 113 cm, height with stand 50 cm PMPO, LR 818a Od leta 1907 je bil sestavni del oborožitve avstro-ogrske armade tudi mitraljez Schwarzlose M 07 in njegov izpopolnjeni model z oznako M 07/12, ki je bil zaradi preprostega mehanizma zelo robusten in zanesljiv. Mitraljez s serijsko številko stoji na trinožnem stojalu, na katerem je bilo mogoče nastavljati višino

29 26. Reprodukcija fotografije minometa (»minonosca«) na zračni pritisk kalibra 12 cm. Iz Albuma Galicija, Ukrajina, Italija Cirila Rakuše. PMPO, ZG 4060 A photograph (reproduction) of a compressed-air mortar 12 cm. From the album Galicia, Ukraine, Italy by Ciril Rakuša. PMPO, ZG Ruska pehotna puška M 1891 Mosin-Nagant, 1914 Železo, les Dolžina 123,5 cm, dolžina cevi 91 cm, kaliber 7,62 mm PMPO, UO 702 o Russian infantry rifle M 1891 Mosin- Nagant, 1914 Iron, wood Length cm, length of barrel 91 cm, calibre 7.62 mm PMPO, UO 702 o V sestavu oborožitve vojske carske Rusije je bila puška repetirka od leta 1891 do druge svetovne vojne. V prvi svetovni vojni so bili z njo sprva oboroženi samo dragonci in pehota. Domet naboja je bil do 500 m. 27. Avstrijska vojaška puška Werndl M 1867/70 (?) Kovina, les Dolžina 126 cm, dolžina cevi 90 cm, kaliber 11 mm PMPO, LR 1824 Austrian military rifle Werndl M 1867/70 (?) Metal, wood Length 126 cm, length of barrel 90 cm, calibre 11 mm PMPO, LR 1824 Avstrijska vojaška puška Werndl na en naboj ima na strelnem mehanizmu naslednje oznake: vernol O.P. in S+70 ter napis Werndl 70. Puška kalibra 11 mm se polni zadaj in ima premični vizir; na oblesju in kopitu sta prstana za jermen. Manjkata jermen in šibka. 28. Belgijska hitrostrelna puška Mauser M 1889 Železo, les Dolžina 128 cm, dolžina cevi 97,5 cm, kaliber 7,65 mm PMPO, UO 703 o 30. Italijanska konjeniška puška Mannlicher-Carcano M 1891 z bajonetom, 1915 Železo, les Dolžina puške 93,5 cm, dolžina cevi 64 cm, kaliber 6,5 mm PMPO, UO 705 o Italian cavalry rifle Mannlicher- Carcano M 1891 with bayonet, 1915 Iron, wood Length 93.5 cm, length of barrel 64 cm, calibre 6.5 mm PMPO, UO 705 o Osnovno orožje italijanske vojske med prvo svetovno vojno je bila hitrostrelna puška Mannlicher-Carcano M 1891 kalibra 6,5 mm z okvirčkom s šestimi naboji. Domet naboja je bil od 300 do 600 m. Na cevi puške so vtisnjeni: oznaka izdelovalca Brescia, 1915 in R Zbirka orožja, 1999, str. 233, kat. št Belgian bolt-action rifle Mauser M 1889 Iron, wood, Length 128 cm, length of barrel 97.5 cm, calibre 7,65 mm PMPO, UO 703 o Belgijska hitrostrelna puška Mauser M 1889 ima na cevi vtisnjeno številko T 4191 in ime tovarne Fabrique Nationale Herstal Liege. Na kopitu so vtisnjeni: znak BP 223, vzpenjajoči se panter in napis Garde Civique

30 Spomini / Memories 31. Spominski krožnik z upodobitvijo topa in z napisom: 1914/1916, Z združenimi močmi / Viribus Unitis Keramika Premer 28 cm A memorial plate depicting a cannon and the writing: 1914/1916, With Joint Forces /Viribus Unitis Ceramics Diameter 28 cm 32. Dopisnica Andreja Dolmača iz Galicije Francu Miheliču v Dubravo pri Zavrču. Piše o svojih občutkih ob vojnih strahotah. 22. oktober Karton Velikost 14 x 9,1 cm PMPO, ZG 2894 A postcard sent by Andrej Dolmač from Galicia to France Mihelič in Dubrava, telling about his feelings to war atrocities, 22nd October 1914 Cardboard Size 14 x 9.1 cm PMPO, ZG Dopisnica Andreja Dolmača z bojišča v okolici Nabrežine Francu Miheliču v Dubravo pri Zavrču. Piše o slabem vremenu, o transportni kuhinji, poškodovani od bombardiranja, in o štirih civilnih žrtvah. 23. november Karton Velikost 14 x 9 cm PMPO, ZG 2898 A postcard sent by Andrej Dolmač from the battlefield near Nabrežina to France Mihelič in Dubrava, telling about the bad weather, the field kitchen damaged during bombarding, and four casualties among the civilians. 23rd November 1915 Cardboard Size 14 x9 cm PMPO, ZG Dopisnica Andreja Dolmača z italijanske fronte Francu Miheliču v Dubravo pri Zavrču. Piše o slabem vremenu na bojišču, o pomanjkanju živeža, zanima pa ga tudi letina trgatve v Halozah. 25. oktober Karton Velikost 13,9 x 9 cm PMPO, ZG 2906 A postcard sent by Andrej Dolmač from the Italian front to France Mihelič in Dubrava near Zavrč, telling about the bad weather on the front, food shortage, and enquiring about the yield in vineyards in Haloze; 25th October 1916 Cardboard Size 13.9 x 9 cm PMPO, ZG

31 35. Fotografija vojaka Andreja Dolmača kot dopisnica, Karton Velikost 13,8 x 8,8 cm PMPO, ZG 3157 A picture-postcard of Andrej Dolmač, soldier, Cardboard Size 13.8 x 8.8 cm PMPO, ZG Pismo Andreja Dolmača z italijanske fronte Francu Miheliču v Dubravo pri Zavrču. V njem beremo njegove misli o poteku soške fronte. 29. oktober Velikost 17,3 x 20,3 cm PMPO, ZG 3171 A letter sent by Andrej Dolmač from the Italian front to France Mihelič in Dubrava near Zavrč, describing his thoughts about the Isonzo front; 29th October 1917 Paper Size 17.3 x cm PMPO, ZG Pismo vojaka Andreja Dolmača iz ujetništva Francu Miheliču v Dubravo pri Zavrču, 17. avgust 1918 Velikost 13,6 x 21 cm PMPO, ZG 3172 A letter sent by the soldier Andrej Dolmač from the captivity to France Mihelič in Dubrava near Zavrč, 17th August 1918 Paper Size 13.6 x 21 cm PMPO, ZG Spominski obtežilnik Medenina, baker, železo, zlitina Višina 5,9 cm, premer 8,4 cm, PMPO, ZGO 724/2014 A memorial paperweight Brass, copper, iron, alloy Height 5.9 cm, diameter 8.4 cm PMPO, ZGO 724/2014 Obtežilnik je narejen iz vrhnjega dela zrna topovske granate, vijakastega vžigalnika, z balističnimi oznakami. Pričvrščen je na medeninasto okroglo ploščo, na kateri je na robu napis: Spomin na svetovno vojno 1914=15 / Andenken aus dem Weltkriege 1914=

32 39. Spominski kamen s tulcem naboja Kamen, kovina Dolžina 9,5 cm, širina 13,5 cm Igor Vodnik, Maribor A memorial stone with a cartridge case Stone, metal Length 9.5 cm, width 13.5 cm Na spominskem kamnu je napis: Spomin na svetovno vojno / Andenken von Weltkriege. Napis delijo kamen s tulcem naboja, vejica in inicialki JS. 40. Album posnetkov s fronte v Galiciji, Ukrajini in Italiji nadporočnika avstroogrske vojske Cirila Rakuše iz Cvetkovcev Karton, papir Velikost 17,3 x 26,2 cm PMPO, ZG 4060 Photo album with photographs from the frontlines in Galicia, Ukraine and Italy , Austro- Hungarian army lieutenant Ciril Rakuša from Cvetkovci Cardboard, paper Size 17.3 x 26.2 cm PMPO, ZG 4060 Gospodartstvo / Economy 41. Dopisnica kot vabilo za 8. vojno posojilo Karton Velikost 8,8 x 14,3 cm A postcard-invitation for the eight war loan Cardboard Size 8.8 x 14.3 cm 42. Avstro-ogrski bankovec za 2 kroni, 1. marec 1917 Velikost 12,4 x 8,3 cm Austro-Hungarian banknote 2 kroner, 1st March 1917 Paper Size 12.4 x 8.3 cm Odprta stran levo: minomet na zračni pritisk pogreb Odprta stran desno: Zbrisz, februar 1917 padli vojak med frontama Album posnetkov s fronte v Galiciji, Ukrajini in Italiji je bil last nadporočnika avstro-ogrske vojske Cirila Rakuše iz Cvetkovcev. Obsega 243 fotografij. Bankovec za dve kroni je bil v obtoku od 9. julija 1917 do 31. januarja Osnutek bankovca je oblikoval Rudolf Junk. Serijska številka bankovca za dve kroni je

33 43. Avstro-ogrski bankovec za 1 krono, 1. december 1916 Velikost 11,3 x 6,8 cm Austro-Hungarian banknote 1 krone, 1st December 1916 Paper Size 11.3 x 6.8 cm Bankovec za eno krono je bil v obtoku od 21. decembra 1916 do 31. januarja Osnutek bankovca je oblikoval Hans Schramm. Vrednost bankovca je napisana v vseh desetih uradnih jezikih takratne monarhije, tudi v slovenščini. 45. Avstro-ogrski kovanec, avstrijska krona, 1914 Srebro Premer 2,1 cm PMPO, ZG 674/2013 Austro-Hungarian coin, Austrian krone, 1914 Silver Diameter 2.1 cm PMPO, ZG 674/2013 Na sprednji strani novca je avstrijska cesarska krona, obdana s hrastovima vejicama. Pod krono je številka 1, pod njo letnica Na hrbtni strani novca je portret cesarja Franca Jožefa I. brez lovorjevega venca. Ob robu je napis: FRANC. JOS. I. D. G. IMP. AVSTR. REX BOH. GAL. ILL. ETC ET AP REX HVNG. Novec je tip Schwarz Kovnica: Dunaj. 46. Avstro-ogrski kovanec, madžarska korona, 1915 Srebro Premer 2,1 cm PMPO, ZG 681/2013 Austro-Hungarian coin, Hungarian korona, 1915 Silver Diameter 2.1 cm PMPO, ZG 681/2013 Na sprednji strani novca je na sredini ogrska krona, pod njo številka 1 in napis KORONA, pod napisom letnica 1915, ob robu novca hrastovi vejici, speti s pentljo ob spodnjem robu kovanca. Na hrbtni strani novca je portret cesarja Franca Jožefa I. z lovorjevim vencem na glavi. Pod portretom je oznaka K.B. Ob robu je napis: FERENCZ JOSESZEF I.K.A. CS. ES M.H.S.D.O. AP. KIR. Oznaka K.B. je kratica za kovnico v Kremnici na Slovaškem. 47. Avstro-ogrski kovanec, 20 madžarskih filerjev, 1917 Kovina Premer 1,9 cm PMPO, ZG 690/2013 Austro-Hungarian coin, 20 Hungarian fillers, 1917 Metal PMPO, ZG 690/2013 Diameter 1.9 cm PMPO, ZG 690/2013 Na sprednji strani je na sredini novca številka 20, pod njo napis FILLER, pod tem pa inicialki K.B., spodaj obrobljata kovanec dve prekrižani hrastovi vejici. Na hrbtni strani je na sredini madžarska krona, pod njo letnica 1917, na robu je napis: MAGYAR KIRALYI VALTGOPENZ in šesterokraka zvezda. 44. Avstro-ogrski bankovec za 20 kron, 2. januar 1913 Velikost 15 x 19 cm Austro-Hungarian banknote 20 kroner, 2nd January 1913 Paper Size 15 x 19 cm Bankovec za dvajset kron je bil v obtoku od 29. septembra 1913 do 31. januarja Osnutek bankovca je oblikoval Josef Pfeiffer. Na sprednji strani je na bankovcu pečat občinskega urada Sv. Jurij ob Ščavnici. Po razpadu Avstro-Ogrske je najprej Država Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov, nato pa Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev uvedla lastno valuto. Uporabili so zelo preprost postopek: bankovce avstro-ogrskih kron so kolkovali in žigosali s pečatom nove države. Kot druga uradna valuta so bili v obtoku do uvedbe dinarja leta

34 48. Avstro-ogrski kovanec, 20 avstrijskih helerjev, 1918 Železo Premer 1,9 cm PMPO, ZGO 693/ Avstro-ogrski kovanec, 2 avstrijska helerja, 1917 Železo Premer 1,5 cm PMPO, ZGO 689/ Avstro-ogrski kovanec, 10 avstrijskih helerjev, 1915 Baker, nikelj, cink Premer 1,7 cm PMPO ZGO 685/ List iz knjige Dorfbuch Pettau z nalepljenima primerkoma o dobavi petroleja, 1917 Velikost 29,7 x 21 cm PMPO, LR 1691/14 b 52. List iz knjige Dorfbuch Pettau z nalepljenima primerkoma prehrambnih navodil, 1. junij 1918 Velikost 29,7 x 21 cm PMPO, LR 1691/14 c Austro-Hungarian coin, 20 Austrian Hellers, 1918 Iron Diameter 1.9 cm PMPO, ZGO 693/2013 Na sredini novca je številka 20, ki je obdana z dvema hrastovima vejicama, na spodnjem delu spetima s pentljo, pod njo je letnica Na novcu je reliefna upodobitev avstrijskega orla s povezovalnim ščitom. Austro-Hungarian coin, 2 Austrian Hellers, 1917 Iron Diameter 1.5 cm PMPO, ZGO 689/2013 Na sredini novca je vrednost kovanca, številka 2, ki je obdana z dvema hrastovima vejicama, pod njo je letnica Na hrbtni strani novca je reliefna upodobitev avstrijskega orla s povezovalnim ščitom, ki se pojavlja na novcih od leta 1916 dalje, ko je bil spremenjen državni grb dvojne monarhije. Austro-Hungarian coin, 10 Austrian Hellers, 1915 Copper, nickel, zinc Diameter 1.7 cm PMPO ZGO 685/2013 Na sprednji strani je na sredini novca številka 10, ki jo obdajata dve hrastovi vejici, na spodnjem delu prekrižani. Na hrbtni strani je dvoglavi orel s povezovalnim avstrijskim ščitom. A page from the book Dorfbuch Pettau with the gluedon tickets of petroleum purchase, 1917 Paper Size 29.7 x 21 cm PMPO, LR 1691/14 b A page from the book Dorfbuch Pettau with the gluedon certificates for food guide, 1st June 1918 Paper Size 29.7 x 21 cm PMPO, LR 1691/14 c 64 65

35 53. List iz knjige Dorfbuch Pettau z nalepljenimi primerki živilskih kart za sladkor, Velikost 29,7 x 21 cm PMPO, LR 1691/14 a A page from the book Dorfbuch Pettau with the gluedon ration coupons for sugar, Paper Size 29.7 x 21 cm PMPO, LR 1691/14 a 54. Fotografija reklamnega vabila Podpišite za vojno posojilo! / Zeichnet Kriegsanleihe! SI_ZAP/0005 Mestna občina Ptuj, šk. 238 A photograph with a propaganda inscription inviting people to: Sing-up for a war loan! SI_ZAP/0005 Mestna občina Ptuj, šk. 238 Propaganda / Propaganda 55. Propagandna razglednica z motivom vojaka črne vojske v železu, ki prosi za dar žebljev, 1915 Velikost 14,1 x 9 cm A propaganda postcard displaying a black-army iron soldier asking for a donation of nails, 1915 Paper Size 14.1 x 9 cm Na razglednici stoji na podstavku, obdanem z vejicami, vojak črne vojske. Zgoraj in spodaj ga obdaja napis: Vojak črne vojske v železu prosi za dar žebljev. Temu sledi dvovrstični napis: Zabij žebelj, misli na mojo smrt, misli na mojo vdovo in moje sirote. Amen. / Schlag' den Nagel ein denk' des Todes mein. Denk' meiner Witwe und meiner Waisen. Amen. 56. Prstan z napisom Zlato za železo / Gold für Eisen, 1914 Železo Premer 12,8 cm PMPO, ZG 4055 A ring with the slogan Gold for Iron, 1914 Iron Diameter 12.8 cm PMPO, ZG 4055 Avstrijska oblast je jeseni 1914 začela pod geslom»zlato za železo«akcijo zbiranja daril v obliki zlatih in drugih dragocenejših predmetov. Po oceni in pisnem potrdilu so darovalci v zameno prejeli železen prstan v višini vrednosti darila. Najmanjša vrednost donacije je bila 5 kron. 57. Domoljubna značka v obliki križa, 1915 Kovina, emajl Velikost 1,9 x 1,9 cm PMPO, ZGO 702/2014 A patriotic badge in the shape of a cross, 1915 Metal, enamel Size 1.9 x 1.9 cm PMPO, ZGO 702/2014 Črna značka ima obliko enakokrakega križa. Kraki križa se proti sredini zožujejo. Na sredini je označena črka W, nad njo je cesarska krona, pod njo pa letnica

36 58. Reliefni medaljon z upodobitvijo cesarja Franca Jožefa I. v okroglem etuiju, 1914 Karton, bron Premer etuija 5,2 cm, premer medaljona 4,8 cm Medallion in a round case depicting in relief Emperor Franz Josef I, 1914 Cardboard, bronze Diameter of case 5.2 cm, diameter of medallion 4.8 cm Uradni vojni varstveni urad na Dunaju je dal v okviru prodajnih akcij izdelati vrsto medaljonov, ki so jih oblikovali priznani umetniki. Izdelovalec tega medaljona je bil A. Harting, Domoljubna značka v obliki križa z letnicama 1914 in 1915 Kovina, emajl Velikost 2 x 2 cm PMPO ZGO 704/2014 A patrioic badge in the shape of a cross dated 1914 and 1915 Metal, enamel Size 2 x 2 cm PMPO ZGO 704/2014 Črna značka ima obliko enakokrakega križa s kraki, ki se proti sredini zožujejo. V pozlačenih črno emajliranih krakih križa so cesarska krona, letnici 1914 in 1915 ter črka W. Na sredini je grbovni ščit z avstrijskimi barvami: črno-rumeno-črn. Na hrbtni strani je prečna igla. 60. Kipec Franca Jožefa I., Cinkova zlitina Višina 26 cm A statue of Franz Josef I, Zinc alloy Height 26 cm Stoječi kipec cesarja Franca Jožefa I. je izdelal kipar Bachmann. Na zadnji strani podstavka je napis: Uradna vojna oskrba / Offizielle Kriegsfürsorge. 62. Aliančna medalja s portretoma cesarjev Viljema II. in Franca Jožefa I., Medenina Premer 2,8 cm PMPO, ZGO 713/2014 Allied medal with portraits of the emperors William II and Franz Josef I, Brass Diameter 2.8 cm PMPO, ZGO 713/2014 Na prednji strani sta na levo stran obrnjena portreta cesarjev Viljema II. in Franca Jožefa I., ki ju obdaja napis: Zvestoba ni prazna utvara! / Die Treue ist kein leerer Wahn! Na hrbtni strani sta upodobljena vojaka avstro-ogrske in nemške armade, ki ju obdaja napis: Zvesto in trdno držimo skupaj / Wir halten fest u. treu zusammen! 63. Aliančni medaljon s portretoma cesarjev Viljema II. in Franca Jožefa I., Medenina Premer 2 cm PMPO, ZGO 714/2014 Allied medallion with portraits of the emperors William II and Franz Josef I, Brass Diameter 2 cm PMPO, 714/2014 Na prednji strani medaljona sta portreta cesarjev Franca Jožefa I. in cesarja Viljema II., ki sta obrnjena drug proti drugemu. Pod njima je dvovrstični napis: Radost miru / Die Freude des Friedens. Na hrbtni strani medalje sta grba s kronama Avstro-Ogrske in nemškega cesarstva. 64. Spominska skodelica s portretoma cesarjev Franca Jožefa I. in Viljema II., Porcelan Višina 8,8 cm, premer 7,1 cm A memorial cup displaying portraits of the emperors Franc Josef I and William II, Porcelain Height 8.8 cm, diameter 7.1 cm Valjasta skodelica z ročajema je okrašena s portretoma vladarjev sil osi Franca Jožefa I. in Viljema II. Nad glavama vladarjev je dvovrstični napis Bog z nami / Gott mit uns, pod njima letnici 1914/16. Skodelica je počena. 61. Domoljubni znak za kapo, 1914 Medenina, emajl Premer 2 cm PMPO ZGO 700/2014 A patriotic sign for a cap, 1914 Brass, enamel Diameter 2 cm PMPO ZGO 700/2014 Okrogla priponka za kapo je na sprednji strani rdeče-belo-rdeča z letnico 1914 na sredini in na robu obdana z majhnim zelenim vencem s po dvema zastavama Avstrije in Nemčije. Na hrbtni strani znaka je luknjičasta loputa in navedeno ime proizvajalca: R. Souval, Dunaj

37 65. Spominska skodelica s portreti vladarjev sil osi Avstro-Ogrske, Nemčije, Bolgarije in Turčije Porcelan Višina 8,8 cm, premer 7 cm A memorial cup displaying portraits of the rulers of central powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and Turkey Porcelain Height 8.8 cm, diameter 7 cm Valjasta skodelica z odlomljenim ročajem je okrašena z več barvnimi medaljoni doprsnih portretov vladarjev sil osi. Z leve proti desni so: Ferdinand I. Koburški (Kraljevina Bolgarija), Viljem II. (Nemško cesarstvo), Franc Jožef I. (avstro-ogrska monarhija) in Mehmed I. (Osmansko cesarstvo). 66. Aliančna broška s portreti treh vladarjev sil osi, Viljema II., Franca Jožefa I. in Mehmeda I., Medenina, steklo, fotografija na papirju Dolžina 4 cm Allied brooch with portraits of three rulers of central powers: William II, Franz Josef I and Mehmed I, Brass, glass, paper photograph Lenght 4 cm Številnim aliančnim domoljubnim znakom iz različnih materialov je vojna propaganda po priključitvi Turčije k zvezi sil osi 2. decembra 1914 pridružila še turške motive. Broška predstavlja zavezniške portrete vladarjev: na levi Viljema II., v sredini Mehmeda I. in na desni Franca Jožefa I. 68. Domoljubni obesek s portretoma cesarjev Franca Jožefa I. in Viljema II., 1915 Posrebrena medenina Premer 2,3 cm PMPO ZGO 710/2014 A patriotic pendant with portraits of the emperors Franz Josef I and William II, 1915 Silvered brass Diameter 2.3 cm PMPO ZGO 710/2014 Na sprednji strani domoljubnega obeska sta na sredini upodobljena cesarja Franc Jožef I. in Viljem II., ki sta obrnjena na levo. Nad njunima glavama je hrastova vejica. Pod njima je napis: Nemška zvestoba / Deutsche Treue. Na hrbtni strani medaljona hrastovi vejici obdajata dvovrstični napis na sredini z letnico: Spomin na / Errinerung an Domoljubni mini aliančni medaljon s črno-rumenim trakom, Medenina, tkanina Premer 1,4 cm PMPO ZGO 716/2014 A patriotic allied mini-medallion with a black-yellow ribbon, Brass, fabric Diameter 1.4 cm PMPO ZGO716/2014 Na prednji strani mini medaljona sta z desne strani upodobljena zavezniška vladarja Viljem II. in Franc Jožef I. Na hrbtni strani sta prikazana zavezniška vojaka avstro-ogrske in nemške vojske, nad njima je napis Viribus Unitis 1914 in zaščiten / geschützt. 70. Tobačnica z napisom Božič na bojišču 1916 / Weinachten im Felde 1916 Pločevina Velikost 9,5 x 6,3 cm A tobacco box with the slogan Christmas on the Field, 1916 Metal Size 9.5 x 6.3 cm Tobačnica je bila ena izmed štirih uradnih darilnih predmetov akcije Božič na bojišču, ki jo je organiziral Vojni varstveni urad na Dunaju. Izdelalo jo je dunajsko podjetje Winter & Adler. 67. Aliančni medaljon s portretoma cesarjev Viljema II. in Franca Jožefa I., Medenina Premer 2 cm PMPO, ZG 715/2014 Allied medallion with portraits of the emperors William II and Franz Josef I, Brass Diameter 2 cm PMPO, ZG715/2014 Na prednji strani medaljona sta portreta cesarjev Franca Jožefa I. in cesarja Viljema II., ki sta obrnjena drug proti drugemu. Pod njima je trivrstični napis: Radost miru / Die Freude des Friedens. Na hrbtni strani medalje sta grba s kronama Avstro-Ogrske in nemškega cesarstva. 71. Ustnik z etuijem, 20. stoletje Kovina, les, svila, žamet Dolžina 15,2 cm PMPO, UO 1884 DP A cigarette holder and its case, 20th century Metal, wood, silk, velvet Length 15.2 cm PMPO, UO 1884 DP Ustnik v prelivajoči se temno do svetlo rjavorumeni barvi je shranjen v lesenem etuiju, obloženem s temno rjavim žametom in svetlo svilo. Zapira se z okroglo kovinsko zaponko

38 72. Spominski vžigalnik s portretoma cesarjev Franca Jožefa I. na prednji in Karla I. na zadnji strani, Kovina Višina 5,5 cm A memorial lighter displaying a portrait of Emperor Franz Josef I on the front, and a portrait of Charles I on the back side, Metal Height 5.5 cm Vžigalnik je šesterokotne oblike z medaljonom na vsaki strani v sredini in z okroglim podstavkom. Oba vladarska reliefna portreta gledata na desno in sta predstavljena v obliki medaljona. Reliefni upodobitvi cesarja Karla I. je dodan napis: CAROLVS D. G. IMP. AVST. REX BOH.ETC.ET REX APOST.HVNG. 73. Domoljubni prstan, Aluminij, baker Premer 2,1 cm A patriotic ring, Aluminium, copper Diameter 2.1 cm Masiven širok prstan s kvadratno glavo, na kateri je izbočeno bakreno srce in obdano z vdelanim pikčastim okvirjem. Na levi in desni strani prstana sta ročno vrezani letnici 1914 in 1916, ki ju ločuje tudi ročno vrezana beseda TIROL. Ves prstan je okrašen s tolčenim dvovrstičnim trakom, ki se zaključuje z geometrijskim ornamentom. 75. Spominski prstan 1914 svetovna + vojna 1915 Kovina Premer 1,2 cm A memorial ring 1914 World + War 1915 Metal Diameter 1.2 cm Spominski prstan ima vgravirani letnici 1914 in 1915, ki ju ločuje s križem razdeljen napis Svetovna vojna / 1914 Welt + Krieg Domoljubni prstan, Aluminij, baker Premer 2 cm A patriotic ring, Aluminium, copper Diameter 2 cm Masiven širok prstan s pravokotno glavo s tolčenim bakrenim okrasom v obliki križa. Na levi in desni strani prstana sta ročno vrezani letnici 1914 in 1915, ki ju ločuje tolčena pentlja. Ves prstan je okrašen s cikcakastim ornamentom. 77. Domoljubna značka z zastavicama Avstrije in Madžarske Emajl Višina 4,2 cm PMPO, ZGO 703/2014 A patriotic badge with Austrian and Hungarian flags, Enamel Height 4.2 cm PMPO, ZGO 703/2014 Na sprednji strani sta vidni zastavi: na levi črno-rumena zastava Avstrije, na desni pa rdeče-belo-zelena zastava Madžarske. Na hrbtni strani je pokončna igla. 74. Domoljubni prstan, Aluminij Premer 2,1 cm A patriotic ring, Aluminium Diameter 2.1 cm Masiven širok prstan s pravokotno glavo z vrezanim motivom srca v cikcakastem okvirju. Na levi in desni strani prstana sta ročno vrezani letnici 1914 in 1916, ki ju ločujejo trakovi s cikcakastim ornamentom. 78. Domoljubna značka v obliki zavezniških zastavic Nemčije in Avstrije, Medenina, emajl Velikost 3,2 x 1,8 cm PMPO, ZG 4054 A patriotic badge in the shape of German and Austrian allied flags, Brass, enamel Size 3.2 x 1.8 cm PMPO, ZG 4054 Na sprednji strani sta vidni zastavi: na levi črno-belo-rdeča zastava Nemčije, na desni pa črno-rumena Avstrije. Na hrbtni strani je prečna igla. 79. Domoljubna značka Božič 1915 na bojišču Železo Velikost 2,9 cm, širina 1,8 cm PMPO ZGO 705/2014 A patriotic badge - Christmas 1915 on the field Iron Height 2.9 cm, width 1.8 cm PMPO ZGO 705/2014 Značka je oblikovana kot ščit. Na sredini je navpično postavljen meč, ki ga obdajata dve vejici jelke. V sredini je leto 19/15, spodaj je na robu polkrožni napis: WEINACHTEN IM FELDE. Na hrbtni strani je navpična igla

39 80. Spominski pepelnik Družbe Srebrnega križa Medenina Premer 11,5 cm Memorial ashtray of the Silver Cross Society, Brass Diameter 11.5 cm Pepelnik ima okrogel rob z vgraviranim napisom in rastlinskim ornamentom ter romboidno stiliziranim emblemom Srebrnega križa. Na 1,8 cm širokem robu je na zgornjem delu pepelnika portret cesarja Franca Jožefa I., ki deli napis: Zahvala Cesarsko-kraljevi družbi avstrijskega Srebrnega križa za skrb za domov vračajoče se rezerviste za spodbujanje njihovih namenov / Dank d.»k. k. Gesellschaft v. Oester. Silbernen Kreuze zur Fürsorge für die Heimkehrende Reservisten«für die Förderung Ihrer Zwecke. Dno sredine pepelnika je okrašeno s hrastovim vencem. 81. Spominski konični kozarec z zastavicama Nemčije in Avstrije in napisom Z združenimi močmi Višina 14 cm Steklo, emajl A memorial conical glass displaying German and Austrian flags and the slogan With Joint Forces Glass, enamel Height 14 cm Konični kozarec ima prekrižani zastavi držav zaveznic Nemčije in Avstrije in letnici 1914/15. Pod zastavama je napis: Z združenimi močmi / Mit Vereinten Kräften. 82. Velika spominska kovinska čaša z reliefnima dopasnima portretoma Franca Jožefa I. in Viljema II. na medaljonskem obroču z napisom, 1914 Kovina Višina 15 cm A big metal mug with a portrait of Franz Josef I and William II on the medallion ring and the inscription, 1914 Metal Height 15 cm Pod reliefnima podobama cesarjev sta na čaši njuna citata. Pod reliefno podobo cesarja Franca Jožefa I. je napis: Zaupam svojim narodom in pravičnosti naše stvari! / Ich Vertrau auf meine Völker und auf die Gerechtigkeit unserer Sache! Podpis: Franz Josef. Pod reliefno podobo cesarja Viljema II. je napis: Ne poznam nobenih strank več, poznam samo Nemce / Ich kenne keinen Parteien mehr, kenne nur noch Deutsche, Na dnu čaše je pečat izdelovalca: medved (Berndorfer Metallwarenfabrik Arthur Krupp A.G.) 83. Domoljubna značka z motivom planike, Steklena masa Velikost 4,5 cm, premer 2 cm A patriotic badge with Edelweiss motif, Glass paste Height 4.5 cm, diameter 2 cm Pod reliefno upodobitvijo motiva bele planike na črni osnovi sta v rumenem traku zapisani letnici Na hrbtni strani je navpična igla. 85. Žalna značka z motivom gorečega žrtvenika, Kovina Velikost 2,7 x 2,2 cm A mourning badge with the motif of the burning altar, Metal Size 2.7 x 2.2 cm Značka ima v osmerokotnem okvirju motiv gorečega žrtvenika, na njegovem podstavku sta zapisani letnici Na hrbtni strani je navpična igla. 84. Značka Božič na bojišču 1917 Kovina Višina 4 cm A patriotic badge - Christmas 1917 on the field Metal Height 4 cm Značka je oblikovana kot kapela, v kateri je na sredini upodobljen zvon s številko 4. Pod tem je napis: Božič na bojišču 1917 / Weinachten im Felde Spodnji del značke je obdan z vejicami jelke

40 Arheologija med prvo svetovno vojno / Archaeology during the First World War 86. Okrasna zaponka fibula v obliki ptice, 5. stoletje Posrebren bron Zgornja Hajdina Dolžina 3,56 cm, širina 2,9 cm, višina 1,35 cm PMPO, R 1038 Fibula - brooch in a shape of bird, 5th century Silvered bronze Zgornja Hajdina Length 3.56 cm, width 2.9 cm, height 1.35 cm PMPO, R Okras za konjsko opremo, 2., 3. stoletje Bron Ptuj, Zgornji Breg Velikost 3 x 3,9 cm 2., 3. stoletje PMPO, R 828 Horse trappings, 2nd, 3rd century Bronze Ptuj, Zgornji Breg Size 3 x 3.9 cm PMPO, R 828 Ulit ovalen okras je izdelan v predrti tehniki stiliziranih palmet. Lit: Mikl Curk 1976, 20. Vomer Gojkovič 1992, 104. Vomer Gojkovič, Žižek 2008, Ročaj vrča z Meduzino glavo, 1. do 3. stoletje Bron Ptuj, Zgornji Breg Dolžina 15,45 cm PMPO, R 830 Handle of a jug with a head of Medusa, 1st to the 3rd century Bronze Ptuj, Zgornji Breg Length cm PMPO, R 830 Trakast ročaj bronastega vrča je okrašen z vrezanimi peclji s cvetovi; konča se v list, na njem je vrezana Meduzina glava. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976, 20. Vomer Gojkovič 1992, Lonec, 1. do 2. stoletje Lončenina Spodnja Hajdina Velikost 17,5 cm, širina 15,2 cm PMPO, R 1578 Pot, 1st to the 2nd century Pottery Spodnja Hajdina Length 17.5 cm, width 15.2 cm PMPO, R 1578 Sivorjav lonec jajčaste oblike, z izvihanim ustjem in ravnim dnom je bil izdelan na vretenu. Okrašen je s plitkimi kanelurami na vratu in glavničenjem na ostenju. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976, 30. Vomer Gojkovič, S. Rindler 1992, Čaša, 1., 2. stoletje Lončenina Spodnja Hajdina Velikost 14,5 cm, širina 12,1 cm PMPO, R 1578a Beaker, 1st, 2nd century Pottery Length 14.5 cm, width 12.1 cm PMPO, R 1578a Rdeča čaša z rjavim premazom ima malo poudarjeno ustje in ravno dno. Izdelana je bila na vretenu. Pod ustjem je gladek pas, ki je s plitkima kanelurama ločen od spodnjega dela, okrašenega s peskanjem pod premazom. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976, 30. Vomer Gojkovič, S. Rindler 1992, 427. Bronasta posrebrena okrasna zaponka je v obliki ptice v letu. Na krilih ima vrezan krog z luknjicama na sredi; okrašena so bila z vloženim rdečim emajlom. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976, 22. Knific, Sagadin 1991, 31, 75. Vomer Gojkovič, Kolar 2013, Okrasna zaponka fibula v obliki ptice, 5. stoletje Bron Zgornja Hajdina Dolžina 3,33 cm, širina 1,28 cm, višina 1,78 cm PMPO, R 1038a Fibula - brooch in a shape of bird, 5th century Bronze Zgornja Hajdina Length 3.33 cm, width 1.28 cm, height 1.78 cm PMPO, R 1038a Ulita bronasta okrasna zaponka je v obliki ptice z razprtimi krili. Prehod med vratom in hrbtom je nakazan z dvema trikotnikoma, rep je obrobljen s cikcakastim okrasom, pod njim ima daljšo peresovino. Lit.: Mikl Curk, 1976, 22. Knific, Sagadin 1991, 75. Vomer Gojkovič, Kolar 2013, Škatlica za shranjevanje pečata, 1. do 3. stoletje Bron, emajl Ptuj, Zgornji Breg Velikost 2,5 cm PMPO, R 827 Box for saving seal, 1st to the 3rd century Bronze, enamel Ptuj, Zgornji Breg Size 2.5 cm PMPO, R 827 Pravokotna škatlica je okrašena z večbarvnim emajlom, vdelanim v rozeto. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976, 20. Vomer Gojkovič, Žižek 2008, Kip ženske (Venera), 1 do 3. stoletje Odlomek, marmor Spodnja Hajdina Dolžina 14 cm, višina 12 cm, debelina 8 cm PMPO, RL 587 (R 19) Statue of goddess (Venus), 1st to the 3 rd century Fragment, marble Spodnja Hajdina Length 14 cm, height 12 cm, width 8 cm PMPO, RL 587 (R 19) Ohranjen spodnji del prikazuje ovalno ploščo, na kateri so noge Venere, na njeni levi strani je pod nagubanim plaščem vrč, na njeni desni strani pa delfin. Lit.: Vomer Gojkovič 2011, 63,

41 94. Relief, žensko oprsje z dojenčkom Nutrica Avgusta, 2. stoletje Odlomek, marmor Spodnja Hajdina Velikost 9, cm PMPO, R 118 Relief, women breast with nursling Nutrica Augusta, 2nd century Fragment, marble Spodnja Hajdina Size cm PMPO, R 118 Odlomek plošče, posvečene vzvišenim (častitljivim) dojiljam. Na plošči je v reliefu upodobljena ženska, ki doji dojenčka. Lit.: Wigand 1915, 198. Mikl Curk 1976, Enoročajni vrč, 2., 3. stoletje Lončenina Zgornji Breg Višina 19,3 cm PMPO, R 878 Jug with one handle, 2nd, 3rd century Potter Zgornji Breg Height 19.3 cm PMPO, R 878 Svetlo rumen konični vrč je bil temnordeče barvan; trakast ročaj je pritrjen pod ovratasto ustje. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976, Krožnik, 1. do 3. stoletje Lončenina Zgornji Breg Premer 17,5 cm, višina 3,3 cm PMPO, R 880 Plate, 1st to the 3rd century Pottery Zgornji Breg Diameter 17.5 cm, height 3.3 cm PMPO, R 880 Svetlo rdeč krožnik z rdečim premazom ima na sredini ravnega dna nečitljiv pečat. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976, Čaša s pečatnim napisom, 1. do 3. stoletje Tera sigilata Zgornji Breg Višina 5,1 cm, premer noge 4,2 cm PMPO, R 802 Beaker, 1st to the 3rd century Terra sigillata Zgornji Breg Height 5.1 cm, diameter of the foot 4.2 cm PMPO, R 802 Poškodovana čaša iz rdeče tere sigilate tipa Drag. 33 s pečatom PAVLIM na dnu. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976, Kalup oljenke, 2. stoletje Odlomek, lončenina Zgornji Breg Višina 9,8 cm PMPO, R 810 Oil lamp, fragment, 2nd century Pottery Zgornji Breg Height 9.8 cm PMPO, R 810 Odlomek zgornjega dela kalupa oljenke z več plameni je okrašen. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976, Enoročajni vrč majolika, 2. stoletje Lončenina Zgornji Breg Višina 12 cm PMPO, R 879 Jug with one handle majolica, 2nd century Pottery Zgornji Breg Height 12 cm PMPO, R 879 Siv hruškast vrč ima širok vrat in ustje z livčkom. Lit.: Mikl Curk 1976,

42 Luigi Kasimir ( ) Umetnik Luigi Kasimir, po rodu Ptujčan, je med prvo svetovno vojno kot član umetniške skupine vojnoobveščevalnega urada v risbi in grafiki zabeležil vojne grozote v Belgiji, Galiciji in v Dolomitih. Kot vojni risar je v Galiciji upodobil porušene spomenike, cerkve, znamenitosti različnih mest (Przemysl, Radymno, vzhodno obrežje reke San in drugo) in tudi vsakdanjik. Serijo sedeminštiridesetih listov vojnih upodobitev je izdal v grafični mapi z naslovom Luigi Kasimir, Galicija 1915, Umetnikov dnevnik / Luigi Kasimir, Galizien 1915, Ein Künstlertagebuch Luigi Kasimir, Tržnica v Jaroslavu Iz grafične mape Galicija, 1915 Barvna litografija Odtis 228 x 170 mm PMPO, G 1249 g Luigi Kasimir, A market place in Jaroslav From the map of graphics Galicia, 1915 Coloured lithograph Print 228 x 170 mm PMPO, G 1249 g 103. Luigi Kasimir, Sieniawa II Iz grafične mape Galicija, 1915 Dvobarvna litografija Odtis 160 x 225 mm PMPO, G 1353 g Luigi Kasimir, Sieniawa II. From the map of graphics Galicia, 1915 Two-coloured lithograph Print 160 x 225 mm PMPO, G 1353 g 100. Luigi Kasimir, Porušen most v Przemyslu Iz grafične mape Galicija, 1915 Litografija Odtis 210 x 150 mm PMPO, G 1245 g Lit.: Smrekar, 2008, str. 88, kat. št. 57. Luigi Kasimir, A destroyed bridge in Przemysl. From the map of graphics Galicia, 1915 Lithograph Print 210 x 150 mm PMPO, G 1245 g Lit.: Smrekar, 2008, str. 88, kat. št Luigi Kasimir, Sieniawa I Iz grafične mape Galicija, 1915 Barvna litografija Odtis 180 x 220 mm PMPO, G 1353 g Luigi Kasimir, Sieniawa I. From the map of graphics Galicia, 1915 Coloured lithograph Print 180 x 220 mm PMPO, G 1352g 104. Luigi Kasimir, Wawel v Krakovu Iz grafične mape Galicija, 1915 Barvna litografija Odtis 230 x 140 mm PMPO, G 1252 g Luigi Kasimir, Wawel in Krakow From the map of graphics Galicia, 1915 Coloured lithograph Print 230 x 140 mm PMPO, G 1252 g 80 81

43 105. Luigi Kasimir, Pokopališče v Gorlicah Iz grafične mape Galicija, 1915 Barvna litografija Odtis 145 x 229 mm PMPO, G 1258 g Luigi Kasimir, A graveyard in Gorlice From the map of graphics Galicia, 1915 Coloured lithograph Print 145 x 229 mm PMPO, G 1258 g Propaganda - zbiralne akcije / Propaganda - collecting campaign 106. Spominski plakat s cesarsko družino in s portretom vojaka, tkanina Velikost 53 x 42,5 cm A memorial poster depicting the imperial family and a portrait of a soldier Paper, fabric Size 53 x 42.5 cm Na spominskem plakatu z napisom Bog blagoslovi cesarsko rodovin/o/ so portreti cesarja Karla I. (v sredini), cesarice Cite in prestolonaslednika Ota. Nad portreti članov cesarske družine je motiv Marije z detetom v ovalnem medaljonu na križu, obdanem s cvetličnim vencem. Pod njimi je podoba vojaka, levo in desno od njega sta motiva dveh bitk, na morju in na kopnem Kuverta z zapiralno znamko z motivom nadvojvode Karla, 1914 Velikost 15 x 12,5 cm An envelope with a closing-stamp displaying the archduke Charles, 1914 Paper Size 15 x 12.5 cm 82 83

44 108. Kuverta z zapiralno znamko z motivom nadvojvode Evgena, Velikost15 x 12,5 cm An envelope with a closing-stamp displaying the archduke Eugene, Paper; Size 15 x 12.5 cm Zapiralna znamka z motivom nadvojvode Evgena je opredeljena z nazivno vrednostjo 2 helerjev Zapiralna znamka uradnega vojnooskrbovalnega urada za akcijo Zimska zaščita, Velikost 3,5 x 5 cm A closing-stamp of the official War Supply Office issued for the purpose of Winter Protection Activities, Paper Size 3.5 x 5 cm Zapiralna znamka za akcijo Zimska zaščita je opredeljena z nazivno vrednostjo 5 helerjev Zapiralne znamke Društva Belega križa, Velikost 8,9 x 4,2 cm Closing stamps of White Cross Society, Paper Size 8.9 x 4.2 cm Zapiralne znamke Društva Belega križa imajo napis: Svetovni mir od Belega križa / Weltfriedenswek vom Weissen Kreuz Kuverta z zapiralnima znamkama z motivoma iz serije cesarja Karla I., Velikost 15 x 12,5 cm An envelope with a closing-stamp displaying a motif with the emperor from the series Emperor Charles I, Paper Size 15 x 12.5 cm 113. Domoljubna značka z grbom Društva Belega križa, Medenina, emajl Višina 3,1 cm, širina 1,9 cm PMPO, ZG Pola zapiralnih znamk z grbi dežel monarhije, serija uradnega vojnooskrbovalnega urada, Velikost 17 x 12,2 cm PMPO, ZG 4058 A patriotic badge with the White Cross Society coat of arms, Brass, enamel Height 3.1 cm, width 1.9 cm PMPO, ZG 4056 Domoljubna daritvena značka Društva Belega križa je narejena v obliki ščita. Namen društva je bil podpora in zdravljenje bolnih in ranjenih pripadnikov cesarskokraljeve armade. A sheet of closing-stamps displaying coats of arms of the states in the monarchy, a series of the official War Supply Office, Paper Size 17 x 12.2 cm PMPO, ZG 4058 Pola z devetnajstimi zapiralnimi znamkami predstavlja grbe dežel monarhije: Hrvaške, Slavonije, Reke, Bosne, Avstrije, Spodnje Avstrije, Zgornje Avstrije, Salzburga, Koroške, Kranjske, Gorice in Gradiščanske, Istre, Tirolske, Predarlberške, Češke, Slovaške, Bukovine, Dalmacije in Madžarske

45 114. Pola zapiralnih znamk z motivi cesarja Karla I., serija uradnega vojnooskrbovalnega urada, Velikost 23,5 x 8,6 cm PMPO, ZG 4059 A sheet of closing-stamps displaying Emperor Charles I, a series of the official War Supply Office, Paper Size 23.5 x 8.6 cm PMPO, ZG 4059 Pola z devetnajstimi zapiralnimi znamkami predstavlja obiske cesarja Karla I. na bojiščih in vojaških postojankah med prvo svetovno vojno. Znamke so opredeljene z nazivno vrednostjo 5 helerjev Pola zapiralnih znamk s portreti vladarjev in različnih poveljnikov, serija uradnega vojnooskrbovalnega urada, Velikost 23,3 x 17,6 cm A sheet of closing-stamps displaying rulers and different commanders, a series of the official War Supply Office, Paper Size 23.3 x 17.6 cm Pola s petindvajsetimi zapiralnimi znamkami predstavlja portrete vladarjev, prestolonaslednikov in različnih poveljnikov sil osi. Znamke so opredeljene z nazivno vrednostjo 2 helerjev Zapiralna znamka v podporo sklada za vdove in sirote, Velikost 3,3 x 4,5 cm 116. Zapiralni znamki v podporo pomožnega sklada za vdove in sirote, Velikost 6,3 x 4,1 cm A closing-stamp issued in support of widows and orphans fund, Paper Size 3.3 x 4.5 cm Zapiralna znamka v podporo sklada za vdove in sirote je opredeljena z nazivno vrednostjo 5 helerjev. Closing-stamps issued in support of widows and orphans relief fund, Size 6.3 x 4.1 cm 86 87

46 118. Spominski krožnik z upodobitvijo cesarja Franca Jožefa I., 1916 Keramika Velikost 22,5 cm PMPO, UO 1599 K 119. Pola zapiralnih znamk Zveze Nemcev v Spodnji Avstriji, Velikost 17,3 x 13,5 cm A sheet of closing-stamps of German Federation in Lower Austria, Paper Velikost 17.3 x 13.5 cm 121. Propagandna razglednica z motivom sestre Rdečega križa in ranjenega vojaka, 1914 Karton Velikost 14,4 x 9,3 cm A memorial plate displaying Emperor Franz Josef I, 1916 Ceramics Size 22.5 cm PMPO, UO 1599 K Globok krožnik je okrašen z 1,2 cm širokim črnim in enako širokim rumenim robom. Cesar Franc Jožef I. je v profilu predstavljen v svetlo modri uniformi s petimi odlikovanji. Pod upodobitvijo je letnica 1914/16. Pola petnajstih znamk Zveze Nemcev v Spodnji Avstriji predstavlja upodobitve iz vsakdanjega življenja na deželi. Znamke so opredeljene z nazivno vrednostjo 2 helerjev. A propaganda postcard displaying a Red Cross nurse and a wounded soldier, 1914 Cardboard Size 14.4 x 9.3 cm 122. Zapiralne znamke Za domovino, Velikost 15,1 x 4 cm Closing-stamps: For the Homeland, Paper Size 15.1 x 4 cm Zapiralne znamke serije Za domovino imajo različne motive vojakov na bojiščih: ranjenci, padli vojak, zmaga, poljsko pokopališče, pokrajina s topom in križem. Serijo znamk je izdala Zveza Nemcev v Spodnji Avstriji Razglednica s spredaj nalepljeno zapiralno znamko z napisom: Bog, kaznuj Anglijo. On jo kaznuje. / Gott strafe England. Er strafe es Karton Velikost 14 x 8,8 cm Postcards with a closing-stamp on the front page reading: God, punish England. He punishes it Cardboard Size 14 x 8.8 cm Zapiralno znamko na razglednici je izdala Zveza Nemcev v Spodnji Avstriji Novoletna razglednica Urada vojnega varstva z emblemom in napisom Veseli prazniki / Heitere Feiertage, Karton Velikost 14 x 9,1 cm Christmas postcard of the War Security Office with emblem and inscription: Happy holiday, Cardboard Size 14 x 9.1 cm 88 89

47 124. Zapiralne znamke Za domovino z motivom križa in gora, Velikost 9 x 4 cm Closing-stamps: For the Homeland, with a cross and mountains, Paper Size 9 x 4 cm 125. Dopisnica Rdečega križa za vojne ujetnike, 1915 Karton Velikost 14 x 9,1 cm Bolnišnica Strnišče pri Ptuju / Hospital Strnišče pri Ptuju 126. Uradna razglednica za Rdeči križ, Vojni pomožni urad in Vojni oskrbovalni urad z naslovom Sestra, Karton Velikost 9 x 14 cm Official postcard of the Red Cross, Auxiliary War Office and War Supply Office, entitled The Nurse, Cardboard Size 9 x 14 cm Razglednica z motivom sestre Rdečega križa, ki spremlja pod roko šibkega vojaka. Pod njima je napis: Sestra / Die Schwester in Uradna karta za Rdeči križ, Vojni pomožni urad in Vojni oskrbovalni urad / Offizielle Karte für das rote Kreuz, das Kriegshilfsbüro und Krügsfürsorgeamt. Red Cross postcard for prisoners of war, 1915 Cardboard Size 14 x 9.1 cm 127. Album posnetkov Rezervne bolnišnice Lukavac v Strnišču pri Ptuju iz leta 1916 fotografa Albina Pogačnika st. Karton Velikost 32 x 22 cm PMPO, ZG 4061 Photo album with pictures of hospital Lukavac in Strnišče pri Ptuju, 1916, photograph by Albin Pogačnik, Sr. Cardboard Size 32 x 22 cm PMPO, ZG 4061 Odprta stran levo: soba z mikroskopom razdelitev pošte po viziti branje v baraki Odprta stran desno: jedilnica notranjost barake na novo pospravljena baraka beljenje Album z 277 posnetki rezervne bolnišnice Lukavac fotografa Albina Pogačnika st. iz leta 1916 predstavlja vsakdanjik v bolnišnici (notranjost bolniških in zdravstvenih barak, barake delavnice, samooskrbno gospodarstvo, razvedrilo in drugo)

48 128. Podstavek za pisala Sternthal, 1917 Kamen Velikost 25,6 x 14,5 cm Franc Golob, Ptuj Writing set bearing the inscription Christmas 1917 Stone Size 25.6 x 14.5 cm Franc Golob, Ptuj Na podstavku za pisala je napis Božič 1917 / Weihnachten 1917 in inicialki S. L. Med vojno je podstavek verjetno uporabljal uslužbenec Bolnišnice Strnišče v svoji pisarni Obtežilnik za papir z napisom Sternthal, 1917 Kamen Velikost 7,3 x 10,2 cm Franc Golob, Ptuj Paperweight with the inscription Sternthal, 1917 Stone Size 7.3 x cm Franc Golob, Ptuj Obtežilnik za papir je bil izdelan v Strnišču / Sternthalu za božič Donacijski znak Rdečega križa, Medenina, emajl Premer 1,9 cm Red Cross donation token, Brass, enamel Diameter 1.9 cm 133. Humanitarna razglednica z napisom Tako plemenito dejanje dobi nagrado v nebesih, 1916 Karton Velikost 13,5 x 8,5 cm A humanitarian postcard reading: Such a noble deed shall be rewarded in Heaven, 1916 Cardboard Size 13.5 x 8.5 cm Razglednica z motivom sestre Rdečega križa, ki obvezuje glavo ranjenemu vojaku. Nad njima je napis: Tako plemenito dejanje dobi nagrado v nebesih / Solch edles Thun findet mim Himmel seinen Lohn! 134. Ruski kovanec, 10 kopejk / kopeks, 1914 Srebro Premer 1,5 cm PMPO, ZGO 696/2013 Russian coin, 10 kopeks, 1914 Silver Diameter 1.5 cm PMPO, ZGO 696/2013 Na sprednji notranji strani kovanca, obdanega z vencem, je nad letnico in vrednostjo novca krona. Pod letnico 1914 so inicialke kovnice: С.П.Б. (kovnica Sankt Peterburg). Na hrbtni strani kovanca je grb ruskega imperija: okronan dvoglavi cesarski orel s trakovi na kroni. Na spodnjem robu grba levo in desno sta inicialki B in C. Novec je izdelal kovaški mojster Viktor Smirnov Ruski kovanec, 10 kopejk / kopeks, 1916 Srebro Premer 1,5 cm PMPO, ZGO 694/2013 Russian coin, 10 kopeks, 1916 Silver Diameter 1.5 cm PMPO, ZGO 694/2013 Na sprednji notranji strani kovanca, obdanega z vencem, je nad letnico in vrednostjo novca krona. Kovanec nima oznake kovnice. Na hrbtni strani kovanca je grb ruskega imperija. Na spodnjem robu grba levo in desno sta inicialki B in C. V sredini grba je jezdec, Jurij Zmagoslavni, ki s kopjem porazi zmaja. Novec je izdelal kovaški mojster Viktor Smirnov Domoljubna značka Rdečega križa, 1916 Steklena masa Višina 5 cm, premer 2 cm Red Cross patriotic badge, 1916 Glass paste Height 5 cm, diameter 2 cm Okroglo značko s simbolom Rdečega križa obkrožajo tri letnice: 1914, 1915 in Na hrbtni strani je pritrjena igla Častna medalja Rdečega križa Patria AC Humanitati z vojno dekoracijo, 1914 Pozlačen bron, emajl Višina 8,6 cm, širina 4,9 cm Red Cross medal of honour Patria AC Humanitati with war decoration, 1914 Gilded bronze, enamel Height 8.6 cm, width 4.9 cm Medaljo so podelili vsem v monarhiji, ki so s svojim prostovoljnim delom pomagali v okviru Rdečega križa v miru ali vojni. Med vojno je bila častna medalja podeljena s trakom vojne dekoracije

49 136. Ruski kovanec, 20 kopejk / kopeks, 1914 Srebro Premer 2 cm PMPO, ZGO 695/2013 Russian coin, 20 kopeks, 1914 Silver Diameter 2 cm PMPO, ZGO 695/2013 Na sprednji notranji strani kovanca, obdanega z vencem, je nad letnico in vrednostjo novca krona. Pod letnico 1914 so inicialke kovnice: С.П.Б. (kovnica Sankt Peterburg). Na hrbtni strani kovanca je grb ruskega imperija: okronan dvoglavi cesarski orel s trakovi na kroni. V sredini grba je jezdec, Jurij Zmagoslavni, ki s kopjem porazi zmaja. Na spodnjem robu grba levo in desno sta inicialki B in C. Novec je izdelal kovaški mojster Viktor Smirnov Srbski kovanec, 10 para, 1912 Baker, nikelj Premer 1,8 cm PMPO, ZGO 698/2013 Serbian coin, 10 para, 1912 Copper, nickel Diameter 1.8 cm PMPO, ZGO 698/2013 Na sprednji strani kovanca je na sredini vrednost novca, številka 10, pod njo napis PARA; ob robu je napis: Kraljevina Srbija Na hrbtni strani kovanca je grb kraljevine Srbije s krono Srbski kovanec, 50 para, 1915 Srebro Premer 1,6 cm PMPO, ZGO 699/2013 Serbian coin, 50 para, 1915 Silver Diameter 1.6 cm PMPO, ZGO 699/2013 Na sprednji strani kovanca je na sredini trivrstični napis: 50, PARA, 1916, ki ga obrobljata dve s pentljo zvezani hrastovi vejici, med obema krakoma vejic je na vrhu kraljeva krona. Na hrbtni strani kovanca je portret srbskega kralja Petra I., ob robu je napis: Peter Prvi, kralj Srbije. Pod portretom je napis: Schwartz. Kovanec je bil kovan v pariški kovnici Nagrobna plošča z napisom umrlega vojaka Franca Kirbiša iz pehotnega polka št. 47. Pokopališče iz prve svetovne vojne v Kidričevem. Pločevina Velikost 26 x 19 cm Občina Kidričevo Tombstone with the inscription of the dead private soldier Franc Kirbiš, infantry regiment No. 47. Cemetery from the First World War in Kidričevo. Size 26 x 19 cm Sheet Občina Kidričevo 140. Nagrobna plošča ruskega vojnega ujetnika Ivana Čehovina / Jwan Tschechowin, 1917 Kamen Velikost 24 x 19,7 cm PMPO, ZGO 723/2014 Tombstone of Russian prisoner of war, Ivan Čehovin / Jwan Tschechowin, 1917 Stone Size 24 x cm PMPO, ZGO 723/

50 Odlikovanja / Decorations 141. Medalja ranjenemu vojaku, 1918 Cink Premer 3,6 cm PMPO, ZGO 707/2014 Medal for a wounded soldier, 1918 Zinc Diameter 3.6 cm PMPO, ZGO 707/2014 Na sprednji strani medalje je prikazana glava cesarja Karla I. v desenem profilu. Nad glavo je napis CAROLVS, spodaj pa sta dve lovorjevi vejici. Na hrbtni strani je napis: LAESO / MILITI / MCMXVIII (ranjenemu vojaku, 1918). Medaljo ranjenemu vojaku je cesar Karel I. začel podeljevati 12. avgusta Dobili so jo oboleli in ranjeni na bojišču Karlov četni križ Cink Premer 2,7 cm PMPO, ZGO 655/2013 Charles s squad cross, Zinc Diameter 2.7 cm PMPO, ZGO 655/2013 Cesar Karel I. je 13. decembra 1916 zasnoval Karlov četni križ. Križ ima obliko grškega šapastega križa. Podelili so ga pripadnikom vseh rodov kopenske vojske, mornarice, žandarmerije, ki so vsaj 12 tednov preživeli na bojišču ali sodelovali v najmanj eni bitki Zaslužni križ, 1916 Cink Višina 5,6 cm, širina 3,3 cm PMPO, ZGO 709/2014 Cross of Merit, 1916 Zinc Height 5.6 cm, width 3.3 cm PMPO, ZGO 709/2014 Cesar Franc Jožef I. je 1. aprila 1916 zasnoval železni zaslužni križ. Po pomembnosti je bil niže kot srebrni zaslužni križ oziroma bronasta medalja za hrabrost. Križ je nosil letnico 1916 v obroču na kronski podlagi, oboje je bilo obdano z lovorjevim vencem Zaslužni križ s krono, 1916 Železo Višina 7,1 cm, širina 3,2 cm PMPO, ZGO 708/2014 Cross of Merit with a Crown, 1916 Iron Height 7.1 cm, width 3.2 cm PMPO, ZGO 708/2014 Vsem uslužbencem brez stopenjskih razredov in tistim, ki so prostovoljno ostali v vojaški službi, čeprav so bili stari več kot 50 let, so na ukaz cesarja Karla I. z dne 26. septembra 1917 kot priznanje za njihov domoljubni čut podelili železni zaslužni križ s krono oziroma železni zaslužni križ Doprsni portret cesarja Franca Jožefa I. Mavec, odlitek Višina 28,5 cm PMPO, UO 1884 DP Bust of Emperor Franz Josef I Plaster cast Height 28.5 cm PMPO, UO 1884 DP Doprsni kip cesarja Franca Jožefa I. Cesar je upodobljen v častniški uniformi z odlikovanji Zavezniška propagandna razglednica, 1914 Velikost 9,3 x 14,3 cm Allied propaganda postcard, 1914 Paper Size 9.3 x 14.3 cm Na zavezniški propagandni razglednici sta motiva cesarjev Viljema II. in Franca Jožefa I. ter nemškega in avstro-ogrskega vojaka pod portretoma vladarjev. Pod vojakoma spodaj je napisana misel: Imam tovariša. Boljšega ne boš našel. / Ich hatt einen Kameraden, Einen bessern findst Du nicht

51 147. Bronasta vojaška medalja za zasluge Signum Laudis s cesarsko krono Pozlačen bron Višina 4,9 cm PMPO, ZGO 651/2013 A bronze military medal of merit Signum Laudis with Emperor s crown Gilded bronze Height 4.9 cm PMPO, ZGO 651/2013 Bronasta vojaška medalja za zasluge Signum Laudis s cesarsko krono je bila ustvarjena 12. marca 1890 za osebe, katerim so se z najvišjega mesta želeli zahvalili za vidne uspehe v vojni. Če je bila medalja zaslužena v bitki, so to označili s prekrižanima mečema na traku Bronasta medalja Franca Jožefa I. za hrabrost, Bron Premer 2,9 cm PMPO, ZGO 660/2013 Franz Josef I s bronze medal of courage, Bronze Diameter 2.9 cm PMPO, ZGO 660/ 2013 Medalja ima na sprednji strani reliefno podobo cesarja Franca Jožefa I. Zadnja stran je obdana z lovorjevim vencem, podloženim s šestimi prekrižanimi prapori. V sredini venca je dvovrstični napis: za hrabrost / Der Tapferkeit. Bronasto medaljo za hrabrost so v Avstro- Ogrski kot najvišjo stopnjo medalje lahko podelili tudi pripadnikom zavezniških armad z Avstrijo Srebrna medalja Franca Jožefa I. za hrabrost, Srebro Premer 2,9 cm PMPO, ZGO 659/2013 Franz Josef I s silver medal of courage, Silver Diameter 2.9 cm PMPO, ZGO 659/2013 Srebrna medalja za hrabrost II. razreda ima na sprednji strani reliefno podobo vladajočega monarha. Na levem spodnjem robu je napis izdelovalca: Tautenhayn. Zadnja stran je obdana z lovorjevim vencem, podloženim s šestimi prekrižanimi prapori. V sredini venca je dvovrstični napis: za hrabrost / Der Tapferkeit Medalja Franca Jožefa I. za hrabrost, Srebro Premer 3,8 mm PMPO ZGO 658/2013 Franz Josef I s silver medal of courage, Silver Diameter 3.8 cm PMPO ZGO 658/2013 Srebrna medalja za hrabrost I. razreda ima na sprednji strani reliefno podobo vladajočega monarha. Zadnja stran je obdana z lovorjevim vencem in podložena s šestimi prekrižanimi prapori. V sredini venca je dvovrstični napis: za hrabrost / Der Tapferkeit. Medalja za hrabrost je bila od leta 1809 visoko vojaško priznanje habsburške monarhije Skupina odlikovanih slovenskih vojakov, Velikost 15 x 11 cm PMPO, fotodokumentacija A group of decorated Slovene soldiers, Paper Size 15 x 11 cm PMPO, photo documentation 152. Odlikovana vojaka iz Središča ob Dravi, Velikost 11 x 15 cm PMPO, fotodokumentacija Decorated soldiers from Središče ob Dravi village, Size 11 x 15 cm PMPO, photo documentation 98 99

52 153. Plaketa za najboljšega strelca terezijanske vojaške akademije Bron Velikost 3,5 x 5,6 cm PMPO, ZGO 717/2014 Plaque for the best shot at Theresian Military Academy Bronze Size 3.5 x 3.5 cm PMPO, ZGO 717/ Vojaška zaslužna medalja 3. razreda za 25 let služenja Medenina, bela kovina (?) Premer 3,2 cm PMPO, ZGO 662/ Fotografija vojaka Davorina Grosa z odlikovanjema, Velikost 11 x 15 cm Družina Gros, Novo mesto 157. Fotografija nadporočnika Cirila Rakuše z odlikovanji. Iz albuma Galicija, Ukrajina in Italija Velikost 11 x 15 cm PMPO, ZG 4060 A military medal of merit, 3rd class for 25 years of service Brass, white metal (?) Diameter 3.2 cm PMPO, ZGO 662/2013 Vojaška zaslužna medalja 3. razreda ima obliko bronastega šapastega križa. Na sprednji strani je srebrn dvojni orel, ki je obložen z grbom kraljeve hiše. Vojaški zaslužni znak je bilo priznanje za častnike in moštvo. A photograph of private soldier Davorin Gros with decorations, Paper Size 11 x 15 cm Gros family, Novo Mesto Slovenski pravnik dr. Davorin Gros je bil od 14. novembra do 28. novembra 1915 zaradi rane na nogi, povzročene od drobcev granate, na zdravljenju v Bolnišnici Strnišče. Kot vojak cesarsko-kraljeve vojske je bil med prvo svetovno vojno šestkrat odlikovan. Prejel je medaljo ranjenemu vojaku, Karlov četni križ, bronasto medaljo za hrabrost s portretom Karla I., srebrno medaljo za hrabrost, bronasto medaljo za vojaške zasluge Signum Laudis s cesarsko krono in srebrno medaljo za hrabrost Signum Laudis s cesarsko krono. A picture of Lieutenant Ciril Rakuša with his decorations; from the album Galicia, Ukraine and Italy Paper Size 11 x 15 cm PMPO, ZG 4060 Pravokotna bronasta plaketa je dvostranska. Na eni strani je v medaljonu, ki ga na spodnji strani ovija rastlinski venec, v reliefu upodobljen doprsni portret cesarice Marije Terezije, ki gleda v desno. Pod portretom je reliefna upodobitev stavbe vojaške akademije v Dunajskem Novem mestu (Wiener Neustadt). Na drugi strani je nad stoječo podobo vojaka, ki drži v roki prapor, napis: Najboljše streljanje cesarskokraljeve terezijanske vojaške akademije / Bestschiessen der k.u.k. Theresianischen Militärakademie. Plaketo je izdelal J. Schwerdtner Vojaški jubilejni križ Pozlačen bron Premer 3,4 cm PMPO, ZGO 662/2013 A military jubilee cross Gilded bronze Diameter 3.4 cm PMPO, ZGO 662/2013 Dne 10. avgusta 1908 je cesar Franc Jožef I. v spomin na svoje šestdesetletno vladanje zasnoval vojaški jubilejni križ Upravičenci do te medalje so bili vsi, ki so bili do njene zasnove v aktivni vojaški službi vseh rodov vojske in žandarmerije, tudi navadni vojaki. Pogoj je bil le, da so bili na dan zasnove odlikovanja v vojski prisotni dve leti

53 Literatura Literature M. Ciglenečki, P. Selinšek, Zbirka orožja na ptujskem gradu, Pokrajinski muzej Ptuj, Ptuj Dadoh zlato za željezo, Svijetski rat u zbirkama hrvatskog povijesnog muzeja, Zagreb I. Mikl Curk, Poetovio I, Katalogi in monografije 13, Ljubljana Slovenstvo na Ptujskem v 20. stoletju, zbornik, izdalo Območno združenje borcev in udeležencev NOB, Ptuj Slovenska kronika XX. stoletja , Bojan Balkovec idr., Nova revija, Ljubljana A. Smrekar, Prvi listi, Začetki umetniške grafike na Slovenskem , Narodna Galerija, Ljubljana M. Vomer Gojkovič, God Liber, Goddess Venus and Wine Drinking in Poetovio, Religion in public and Private Sphere, Acta of the 4th International Colloquium The Autonomous Towns of Noricum and Pannonia Celje 2008 (ur. I. Lazar). Koper 2011, N. Davies, Zgodovina Evrope 2, Modrijan, Ljubljana Ž. Lazarevič, J. Prinčič, Zgodovina slovenskega bančništva ZBS, Ljubljana D. Stevenson, Der Erste Weltkrieg, Artemis & Winkler Verlag, Düsseldorf M. Vomer Gojkovič, N. Kolar, Od poganstva do krščanstva. Verovanje v Petovioni, Ptuj R. G. Grant, 1. svetovna vojna - Veliki ilustrirani vodnik, Založba Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana N. Kolar, "Oj fanti, kaj pa zdaj?" : vojaška taborišča in rezervne bolnišnice v Strnišču med letoma 1915 in 1918, Pokrajinski muzej Ptuj, N. Kolar, Prispevki k zgodovini Kidričevega v luči prve svetovne vojne, v: Zbornik občine Kidričevo, Kidričevo, 2010, str N. Kolar, Prispevek k zgodovini Središča ob Dravi: promet in gospodarski ukrepi med prvo svetovno vojno, v: Središče ob Dravi: Kronika , str T. Knific, M. Sagadin, Pismo brez pisave. Arheologija o prvih stoletjih krščanstva na Slovenskem, Ljubljana T. Loidl, Andenken aus Eiserner Zeit, Patriotische Abzeichen der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie von , Verlag Militaria, Vienna, Austria, J. Pleterski, Politično preganjanje Slovencev v Avstriji , poročili vojaške in vladne komisije, Viri 1, Arhivsko društvo Slovenije, Ljubljana M. Prašnički, Žrtve svetovnih vojn z območja Cirkulan, Kritična analiza podatkov, revizija in dopolnitve seznamov, Cirkulane Rest, Ortner, Ilming, Des Kaisers Rock im I. Weltkrieg, Militaria, Wien Slovenci + prva svetovna vojna, , uredil Marko Štepec, Muzej novejše zgodovine Slovenije, Ljubljana J. Stolzer, Ch. Steeb, Österreichs Orden vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, Akademische Drucku.Verlagsanstalt Graz/Austria, L. Šuligoj, Mestna občina Ptuj v desetletju , v: Časopis za zgodovino in narodopisje, letnik 70, zvezek, Univerza v Mariboru in Zgodovinsko društvo v Mariboru, Maribor J. J. Švajncer, Svetovna vojna , Slovenci v avstro-ogrski armadi, Pokrajinski muzej Maribor, Maribor M. Vomer Gojkovič, Nakit. Magična moč oblike, Ljubljana M. Vomer Gojkovič, S. Rindler, Ergänzungen zur Forschungsgeschichte Poetovios, v: E. Christof, G. Koiner, M. Lehner, E. Pochmarski (ur.): ПOTNIA ΘHPΩN, Festschrift für Gerda Schwarz zum 65. Geburtstag. Wien 2007, M. Vomer Gojkovič, I. Žižek, Rimski vsakdan v Petovioni, Ptuj K. Wigand, Die Nutrices Augustae von Poetovio. Jahreshefte des Oesterreichischen Archäologischen Institutes. Wien 1915,

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