FIGURE The South federal district of Russia and the independent FSU republics of the Caucasus. Map: J. Torguson.

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1 Don R. UKRAINE Volgograd Volga R. KAZAKHSTAN Sea of Azov Tsimlyanskiy Res. Don R. Rostov-on-Don RUSSIA Elista KALMYKIA Astrakhansky Zapovednik Astrakhan Volga Delta Krasnodar Stavropol Novorossiysk B l a c k S e a 1 - Adygeya 2 - Karachaero - Cherkessiya 3 - Kabardim - Balkaria 4 - North Ossetiya 5 - Ingush Republic 6 - Chechen Republic 7 - Abkhazia 8 - South Ossetiya 9 - Nagorny Karabakh 1 Kavkazsky Zapovednik Sochi Maykop Sokhumi 2 7 Batumi Cherkessk Nalchik Teberdinsky Zapovednik TURKEY Kilometers Miles Mineralnyye Vody Kutaisi 3 4 GEORGIA Grozny 5 8 Tskhinval Nazran Vladikavkaz Yerevan Tbilisi Sevan Lake 6 ARMENIA AZ. DAGESTAN Ganja Stepanakert 9 Makhachkala IRAN C a s p i a n S e a AZERBAIJAN Apsheron Peninsula Baku FIGURE The South federal district of Russia and the independent FSU republics of the Caucasus. Map: J. Torguson by The Guilford Press. All rights reserved.

2 TABLE The Caucasus: Subjects of Federation of Russia s South Federal District, plus Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan Subject or nation Administrative center Population (2006) (thousands) % ethnic Russian GRP/capita (rubles in 2006) Top products and areas of economic specialization (% of Russia s total production for some) Volgograd Oblast Volgograd 2, ,812 Tractors (26%), gas ranges and steel pipes (18%), fibers, oil refining Astrakhan Oblast Astrakhan ,172 Vegetables, watermelons, rice, sturgeon (caviar), oil, gas Kalmykiya Republic Elista ,728 Sheep and cattle ranching Rostov Oblast Rostov-on-Don 4, ,328 Electric locomotives (100%), anthracite (76%), combines (75%), vegetable oil Krasnodarsky Kray Krasnodar 5, ,369 Cement, shipping, tourism, sugar (34%), wine (26%), vegetable oil (22%) Stavropolsky Kray Stavropol 2, ,058 Plows (28%), brandy (19%), mineral water (12%), wine (10%), plastics Adygeya Republic Maykop ,373 Food industry, wheat, sunflower, orchard crops Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya Republic Cherkessk ,715 Tourism, food industry, mineral water (11%), paints (2%), sheep ranching Kabardino-Balkarskaya Republic Nalchik ,813 Tourism, diamond-cutting equipment (41%), wine (7%), liquor, mineral water, fruit North Ossetiya Republic Vladikavkaz ,979 Wine (14%), liquor (6%), finished metal products Republic of Ingushetiya Magas ,471 Vegetables, fruit, sheep/cattle ranching, nonmetal minerals Republic of Chechnya Grozny 1, ,920 Vegetables, fruit, sheep ranching, oil refining, cement Dagestan Republic Makhachkala 2, ,644 Brandy (19%), milk separators (13%), hydropower, petroleum Georgia Tbilisi 4, ,256 Steel, copper, manganese, wine, tea, tangerines, wood products, tourism Armenia Yerevan 2, ,074 Machine tools, electric motors, tires, knitwear, jewelry, brandy Azerbaijan Baku 8, ,198 Petroleum, steel, petrochemicals, cotton, rice, grapes, tobacco, livestock Note. Data for Russia from the Federal Service of State Statistics, Russian Federation (2009). To convert gross regional product (GRP) to U.S. dollars, divide GRP by Data for Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan from CIA World Factbook and calculations by author by The Guilford Press. All rights reserved.

3 FIGURE Cossack monument in Krasnodar. Photo: A. Pugach.

4 FIGURE A variety of fruits at a farmer s market in Krasnodar. Photo: A. Pugach.

5 FIGURE Beachgoers in Krasnodarsky Kray, the leading provider of seacoast tourism services in Russia. Photo: A. Pugach by The Guilford Press. All rights reserved.

6 FIGURE Old Tbilisi. Photo: K. Van Assche.

7 FIGURE At the museum of Joseph Stalin in Gori, Georgia. Photo: K. Van Assche.

8 FIGURE Armenia is full of dry mountains and beautiful old churches. Photo: K. Van Assche.

9 FIGURE A street in Yerevan. Photo: K. Van Assche.

10 FIGURE A famous landmark in downtown Baku, the Qiz Galasi, or Maidens Tower. Photo: S. O Lear.