Countering Energy Governance and State Capture Risks in the Western Balkans and Turkey

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1 Countering Energy Governance and State Capture Risks in the Western Balkans and Turkey Martin Vladimirov Policy Workshop: Strengthening Resilience to Corruption and State Capture in Southeast Europe 14 June 2016 Brussels, Belgium Co-funded by the European Union and the Central European Initiative (CEI). The views expressed during this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission and the CEI.

2 Energy Security Challenges for SEE

3 Energy Security Challenges for SEE Excessive dependence on energy imports Reliance on a limited number of energy suppliers High energy poverty levels Unsustainable energy intensity and demand Persistent Energy Governance and Corruption Risks

4 Energy Security Status Quo Source: International Index of Energy Security Risks

5 % of Final Energy Consumption Overall Energy Dependence Source: Eurostat

6 % of Consumption Excessive Natural Gas Dependence Source: Eurostat EU (28 countries) Bulgaria Greece Croatia Romania Slovenia FYROM Serbia Turkey

7 TOE/GDP Low Energy Efficiency EU (28 countries) Bulgaria Greece Croatia Romania Slovenia Montenegro FYROM Serbia Kosovo Turkey 0 Source: Eurostat

8 Governance Deficits and Corruption Risks

9 Stalled Energy Liberalisation Source: European Energy Community

10 Power market prior to and after liberalisation

11 Bad Corporate Governance of SOEs Political meddling in the day-to-day operations of energy SOEs Non-transparent staffing procedures for CEOs and Board of Directors Prevalent Political affiliations and conflicts of interest Limited transparency and management accountability

12 Revolving Doors and Political Patronage Company and Position Iber Lepenc, Kosovo, chair of board of directors Political Relations Fatos Sahiti was advisor to the Minister of Trade, Lutfi Zharku. At the same time, he was also the brother of Lutfi Zharku s wife, who is currently minister ofinfrastructure Iber Lepenc, Kosovo, board member Iber Lepenc, Kosovo, board member Iber Lepenc, Kosovo, board member ELEM, Macedonia, chair of the board member Elektroprivreda BiH, BiH Elektroprivreda RS, BiH Elektroprivreda HZHZ, BiH FERK, BiH Albiona Maloku, is the sister of Vlora Dumoshi, who is the Chief of Staff of the Prime Minister of Kosovo Ejup Visoka was the member of LDK Podujevë Branch Presidency since the establishment of LDK Mehdi Jonuzi was the LDK candidate for mayor in Mitrovicë municipality in the last local elections of 2013 Dejan Boshkovski is a member of the ruling party VMRO-DPMNE Member of the Executive Board of ruling party in BiH (SDA) Member of ruling party in Republic of Srpska(SNSD) Member of ruling party in BiH (HDZ) Close relative to the Co-president of ruling party in Federation of BiH who is also member of Council of Ministers in BiH (HDZ) EPS, Serbia, CEO Srbijagas, Serbia, CEO Aleksandar Obradovic is a member of the ruling party (Serbian Progressive Party). Dusan Bajatovic is a vice president of the second largest party in the Government (Socialist Party of Serbia). EMS, Serbia, CEO Nikola Petrovic is a close friend of the Prime Minister (he was the best man at PM s wedding, and PM is a godfather to his child)

13 Financial Management Current ratio of selected SOEs in the area of power production 7 EPS (Power Supplier Serbia) Srbijagas (Gas Supplier Serbia) EPCG (Power Supplier Montenegro) KESH (Power Supplier Albania) BOTAS (Wholesale Gas Supplier Turkey) ELEM (Power Supplier Macedonia) Kosovo Energy Corporation JSC JP Elektroprivreda BiH DD Sarajevo Source: Annual Financial Reports of Companies

14 Financial Management Debt ratio of selected SOEs in the area of power production 1,2 1 EPS (Power Supplier Serbia) Srbijagas (Gas Supplier Serbia) 0,8 0,6 0,4 0, EPCG (Power Supplier Montenegro) KESH (Power Supplier Albania) BOTAS (Wholesale Gas Supplier Turkey) ELEM (Power Supplier Macedonia) Kosovo Energy Corporation JSC JP Elektroprivreda BiH DD Sarajevo Source: Financial Reports of Companies

15 % ratio Financial Management Srbijagaz a case study example of bankrupt and loss-making SOE 2,0 0,0-2, ,01-0,28-4,0-6,0-8,0 Liquidity Ratio Return on Equity Return on Assets -10,0-12,0-14,0-12,64

16 Red Flags Low current, liquidity and quick ratio means payment trouble Large debt to assets ratio high leverage and lack of longterm sustainability Negative return on assets and equity means a loss-making company Regulatory regimes subsidizing energy prices remove the SOEs incentives to invest Public procurement is marred with corrupt procedures and concentration of tender winners. Transparency and accountability are purposefully eroded in the governance of large energy infrastructure projects

17 Macedonia s power producer and wholesale supplier (ELEM) Procurement Contracts ( ) No. contracts: No. contracts ( 09-14) Total Amount (EUR) % Open Procedure ,8% Restricted Procedure Negotiated procedure without prior publication of a contract notice ,7% ,3% Negotiated procedure with prior publication of a contract notice ,2% TOTAL % Source: Center for Civil Communications

18 Thank you!

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