Review of Maritime Transport 2016

Transcription

1 Review of Maritime Transport 2016 Release date 2 nd November V.F.Valentine, UNCTAD, Trade Logistics Branch

2 Contents 1. World Seaborne Trade 2. Merchant Fleet 3. Freight Rates 4. Ports 5. Legal

3 Structure of international seaborne trade, 2015

4 Excerpts from the Ports Chapter Chapter 4

5 Ports they re all different

6 Container ports The top 20 container ports, declined in growth from 5.4% in 2014 to just 0.5% in A wider sample of the top 100 container ports however showed a more positive growth of 6.8% over the previous year.

7 Table 4.2. Top 20 container terminals and their throughput for 2013, 2014 and 2015 (Twenty-foot equivalent units and percentage change) Rank Port Name Country Percentage change Percentage change Shanghai China Singapore Singapore Shenzhen China Ningbo & Zhoushan China Hong Kong China Busan Korea, Republic of Guangzhou China Qingdao China Dubai Ports United Arab Emirates Tianjin China Rotterdam Netherlands Port Klang Malaysia Kaohsiung Taiwan Antwerp Belgium Dalian China Xiamen China Tanjung Pelepas Malaysia Hamburg Germany Los Angeles United States of America Long Beach United States of America Total top Source: Various including Dynamar, July 2016 and Port of Rotterdam, Port Statistics. A Wealth of Information. Make it Happen (2016)

8 Table 4.3 Container Berth Productivity within selected developing Countries (2015) Terminal International Terminal Actual Port Country Region Operator Improvement Oman International Container Terminal HPH Sohar Oman Middle East 101% Luanda Container Terminal APMT Luanda Angola Africa 52% Tanzania Int'l Container Terminal Services HPH Dar es Salaam Tanzania Africa 37% Nam Hai Terminal Haiphong Vietnam Asia 22% DP World Maputo DP World Maputo Mozambique Africa 21% Tecon Suape Container Terminal ICTSI Suape Brazil South America 20% South Container Terminal DP World Jeddah Saudi Arabia Middle East 20% Shuaiba Area Container Terminal Shuaiba Kuwait Middle East 18% Jawaharlal Nehru Container Terminal DP World Nehru India Asia 18% Evergreen Container Terminal - LCB2 Evergreen Laem Chabang Thailand Asia 17% Manzanillo International Terminal SSA Marine Manzanillo Panama South America 16% Panama Ports Co. HPH Cristobal Panama South America 16% First Container Terminal Global Ports St. Petersburg Russian Federation Europe 14% Societe de Manutention du Terminal a Conteneurs Bolloré Group Cotonou Benin Africa 13% Terminal Petikemas Surabaya DP World Surabaya Indonesia Asia 11% Korea Express Busan Container Terminal China Shipping Group Busan Korea, Republic of Asia 9% South Harbor International Container Terminal (ATI) ICTSI Manila Philippines Asia 8% Aqaba Container Terminal APMT Aqaba Jordan Middle East 7% Walvis Bay Container Terminal Walvis Bay Namibia Africa 6% PSA Singapore Terminals PSA Singapore Singapore Asia 6% Terminal 2 - Rio Multitermais Container Terminal Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America 5% Dongbu Pusan Container Terminal Evergreen Busan Korea, Republic of Asia 3% Port Akdeniz Global Ports Holding Antalya Turkey Asia 2% APM Source: Terminals UNCTAD secretariat, Pecem derived from the Journal of Commerce APMT Port Productivity Database Pecem (2016) and other sources. Brazil South America 2%

9 World s leading ports by volume the 20 leading ports growth declined from 6.3% in 2014 to 0.9% in Of the seven largest ports to have experienced declines in throughput in 2015, Singapore was the only one not located in China. However, with fourteen of the top 20 leading ports located in China, some individual ports still managed to grow impressively, and one (Suzhou) even grew by double-digits.

10 Rank Port Name Country Percentage change Percentage change Ningbo & Zhoushan China Shanghai China Singapore Singapore Tianjin China Suzhou China Guangzhou China Qingdao China Tangshan China Rotterdam Netherlands Port Hedland Australia Dalian China Rizhao China Yingkou China Busan Korea, Republic of South Louisiana United States of America Hong Kong China Qinhuangdao China Port Klang Malaysia Shenzen China Xiamen China Total top Table 4.4 World leading ports by total volume (2015) Source: Port of Rotterdam, Port Statistics. A Wealth of Information. Make it Happen (2016)

11 Table 4.5 Average time bulk vessels spend waiting for, and alongside, a berth by country (2015) Quanity (tonnes in '000s) Average of Waiting (days) Average of Working Time (days) Quanity (tonnes in '000s) Source: UNCTAD secretariat, derived from data supplied by Wilhelmsen Ships Service (2016) Note:.. indicates data unavailable Average of Average Working of Waiting Time (days) (days) Row Labels Sample Size Sample Size Australia Brazil Canada China Colombia India Indonesia Korea, Republic Of Netherlands South Africa Taiwan, Republic of China United States Grand Total

12 Table 4.6 Estimated cost of waiting for a berth at selected countries ( ) Average of Waiting (days) Estimated Cost of Average sample wait of Waiting (in '000s $) Sample Size (days) Estimated Cost of sample wait (in '000s $) Country Sample Size Australia Brazil Canada China Colombia India Indonesia Korea, Republic Of Netherlands South Africa Taiwan, Republic Of China United States Grand Total Source: UNCTAD secretariat, derived from data supplied by Wilhelmsen Ships Service (2016) Note:.. indicates data unavailable The estimated cost of the sample wait is derived by taking the average daily charter rate over the year for the specific size of vessel carrying the cargo and multiplying this by the time. Both yearly figures involve different samples sizes and cannot be directly compared. The cost is part of the price (i.e. it excludes other factors e.g. crew wages, victualling, fuel oil etc.) of an underutilized asset and which will ultimately be borne by consumers as a higher transport cost component in the value of the final good.

13 How to overcome the global dearth in port statistics?

14 Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) Data Since 2002 the International Maritime Organization's International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) requires Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) to be fitted aboard international bound ships with gross tonnage (GT) of 300. The horizontal range is around 75km whereas the vertical range can be up to 400km making satellites mounted AIS receivers able to provide extra coverage out at sea

15 Figure 4.1. AIS Data signals sample by vessel type (2015) 2.8 million signals 1.6 million signals Source: UNCTAD secretariat, derived from AIS data supplied by MarineTraffic (2016)

16 Table 4.1 Vessel Calls by Region and Type (2015) Vessels Africa Asia Caribbean Europe North America Oceania South America Grand Total Cargo Carrying Bulk Carriers Container Ship Dry Cargo/Passenger Tankers Grand Total Source: UNCTAD secretariat, derived from AIS data supplied by MarineTraffic (2016) Note: The regions listed have been defined by UNCTAD and for the purpose of this research the Caribbean region also includes meso American countries

17 Figure 4.2. Scale of Vessel Port calls for the Africa Region (2015) 76,000 recorded port calls in the Africa region. This map of AIS data shows that there is a significant amount of vessel traffic in the Gulf of Guinea. Luanda, Angola Source: UNCTAD secretariat, derived from AIS data supplied by MarineTraffic (2016) Luanda, Angola, is singled out as the second busiest port in the data sample, after Morocco, with almost 4,000 port calls (2,105 Dry cargo/passenger ships, 1,236 Tankers, 507 Container ships and 147 bulk carriers). Other leading ports in the data sample show significant levels of traffic in Durban (South Africa), Lagos (Nigeria), Port Said (Egypt), Alexandria (Egypt) and Suez (Egypt).

18 Figure 4.3 Port Calls in the Africa Region (2015) The AIS data represents 73 ports located in 37 countries. Note this figure includes the island of Saint Helena (British Overseas Territory). It does not include the 15 African landlocked countries nor Cape Verde or the Democratic Republic of Congo where data was not reported upon. Source: UNCTAD secretariat, derived from AIS data supplied by MarineTraffic (2016)

19 What of South Asia? (not in the RMT 2016) Source: UNCTAD secretariat, derived from AIS data supplied by MarineTraffic (2016)

20 Colombo, Sri Lanka (not in the RMT 2016) Colombo, Sri Lanka Bulk Carriers 177 Container Ship 3,400 Dry Cargo/Passenger 563 Tankers 209 Source: UNCTAD secretariat, derived from AIS data supplied by MarineTraffic (2016)

21 CONCLUSION The port industry grew in 2015, albeit at a significantly lower rate compared to the previous year. Most of the growth occurred in smaller ports. A continued downward pressure in trade should put pressure upon ports to release of statistics not previously seen as newsworthy could become more common. Improvements in port efficiency could add further fuel to this process and help bring down the cost of international trade. Further analysis on AIS data is ongoing in the future we hope to be able to report upon information such as ship dwell time, vessel carrying capacity as part of a larger study on port productivity.

22 Review of Maritime Transport 2016 Release date 2 nd November V.F.Valentine, UNCTAD, Trade Logistics Branch