Sinclair Model United Nations XI 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Sinclair Model United Nations XI 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis"

Transcription

1 Sinclair Model United Nations XI 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis

2 Chair Introductions Bryce Donnelly- John F. Kennedy Hello delegates, my name is Bryce Donnelly, and I will be one of two head chairs for this exciting committee. This council will be challenging, and promises to keep delegates on their toes. I am a grade 12 student at Sinclair Secondary, having been on Sinclair s MUN team for two years now, I have attended a number of conferences, including SiMUN last year. I am hoping to attend Laurier University next year for Global Studies, and then pursue law afterwards. I hope everyone has fun, and has some great ideas to discuss so that we can launch into a great debate. Grace Turek- Advisor to Mr. Kennedy Hello delegates, my name is Grace Turek and I will be the rapporteur for the American side of our debate. I am a grade ten student and am I am new to Sinclair s MUN club this year. I have attended a couple of conferences, and look forward to developing my MUN knowledge along with all of you. As I am new to the club, I am excited to help host this conference for all delegates. I hope everyone learns, improves as a delegate and keeps their debate on target in order to blow our chair away. Colin Turner- Fidel Castro Hello delegates, and welcome to SiMUN! I am a grade twelve student at Sinclair, and will be a co-chair for the duration of this debate. Next year, I intend on attending the University of Ottawa where I ll be studying political sciences in French, before pursuing a degree in law. Hopefully we have some explosive fun discussing the Cuban missile crisis, make sure to prepare well for our debate to avoid bombing out. Good luck delegates, this should be an exciting council with many twists and turns in store. Max Poirier- Advisor to Mr. Castro Hello all delegates and welcome to SiMUN! I am a Grade 12 student at Sinclair and have been in MUN since I was in Grade 10, this is my sixth conference but my first as a director. I will be attending the French Glendon campus at York for History and French next year before hopefully earning a teaching degree. I really hope you have a wonderful time here at SiMUN in the Historical Council, good luck to all you delegates, and remember to keep it civil.

3 Introduction to a Historical Council A historical committee is unlike any debate system that delegates have ever experienced before. In this particular council, delegates will be emulating various important characters from the year 1962 and planning strategy for their respective countries. The council will be a joint-committee, divided up into two separate rooms where different, country-specific topics can be discussed separately, and strategies can be drawn up and implemented. Your chairs will be in constant communication with each other, and will meet to share the resolutions or directives of their delegates, and will furthermore share this information with delegates. Both chairs will also be in communication with SiMUN s crisis director who will be delivering crises both large and small throughout the day. Remember delegates, nobody is to be trusted in such a committee. The American side will be chaired by the President of the time, Mr. John F. Kennedy, who will be consulting various ministers and trusted key diplomats following a proper timeline of the crisis. In an adjacent room, the Cuban side of this committee will be chaired by Fidel Castro, who will constantly receive updates from Nikita Khrushchev and will be sharing this information with his delegates. Delegates should research not only their characters and the portfolio powers that they had, but must also align themselves with the historic goals, allies, and enemies of their country. They are encouraged to use their portfolio accordingly in order to keep events exciting on each side. A committee such as this one requires delegates that are well versed on the topic at hand, and who have previous MUN experience to guide them through the loose framework of a joint-historical committee. In terms of how the debate will flow throughout the day, delegates should commencing with a discussion on outlining their goals so that all delegates in each room are on the same page. The debate will run as a habitual Model United Nations conference, with delegates proposing motions for structured caucus; however they may be occasionally interrupted with crises or changes from the other side of the conflict. Both personal, as well as joint directives will be accepted, and depending on the crisis at hand, chairs will advise delegates as to whether or not to consider drafting a resolution in full. Points will remain intact, and decorum is expected to be maintained throughout all committee sessions as delegates work through the timeline of this crisis. Your chairs are extremely well prepared to advise committee sessions, and our excellent crisis director will ensure that proper communication is kept between all members of this committee. Our secretariat and all chairs are all very excited to watch the debate take off. Best of luck and enjoy, SiMUN Secretariat, Bryce Donnely, and Colin Turner

4 Introduction: America and the War Tensions between America and the Soviets have been high since World War II. Americans had been weary of Joseph Stalin s tyrannical bloodthirsty rule of his own nation, and soviet communism. The Soviets resented America for its refusal to treat the USSR as a legitimate part of the international community, and its late entrance into World War II, which resulted in the deaths of millions of Russians. After the war, these feelings ripened into mutual distrust, and suspicion. The US agreed to defend against the soviets with a strategy named containment 1. This strategy was the long term, vigilant containment of soviet expansive tendencies. President Harry Truman agreed with this strategy, and stated that it must be the policy of the United States, to support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by outside pressures. 2 The Containment strategy also allowed an unprecedented arms expansion in the United States, National Security Council report NSC-68 called for a four-fold increase in defense spending. This brought forth the first tests of the hydrogen bomb, a weapon that created a 25 square mile fireball and vaporized an island. The ever-present threat of nuclear war affected American life too, Americans built bomb shelters in their backyards. Practice attack drills were conducted in schools and public places, and therefore the cold war was a constant presence in everyday American lives. Space exploration became another aspect of the cold war when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik on October 4 th , this became the first manmade object to be launched into earth s orbit. It came as a surprise to Americans, and not a good one. The launch greatly disappointed the American people, as space was another frontier to explore, that was now being occupied by the Soviets. This also demonstrated the power of the Soviet R-7 missile that could potentially delivery a nuclear warhead into earth s orbit. In 1958 the US launched its own satellite Explorer I, thus commencing the Space Race. The same year, President Dwight Eisenhower created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) an agency dedicated to space exploration. Along with several agencies seeking to exploit the military potential of outer space 4. The Soviets were still one step ahead, and launched the first man into space in April of May of the same year, President John F. Kennedy made the promise to land a man on the moon by the end of the decade. After seizing power in the island nation of Cuba in 1959, Fidel Castro the leftist leader aligned his nation with the Soviet Union 5. Since then, Cuba has grown dependant on the Soviets for

5 economic, and military aid. Since 1945, America and the Soviet Union have been engaged in the cold war, a conflict that is a series of political and economic disputes. Cuban - American Relations Since its inception, Cuba has had an often strained relationship with the United States. In 1820, Tomas Jefferson told his secretary of war the United States, ought, at the first possible opportunity, to take Cuba 7. The first instance in which the two countries were involved in a conflict together was in the war of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, a wealthy Cuban sugar farmer, along with his newly freed slaves, declared war on the Spanish government in 1868 in an attempted to gain independence 9. Céspedes was accompanied by Thomas Jordan, an American General as head of the rebel army 10. What came to be known as The Ten Years war resulted in the Pact of Zanjón, which agreed to free all slaves who had fought in the war, but did not give Cuba its independence 11. Following the ten year war, the United States made several offers to buy Cuba from the Spanish Empire, and pay for Cuba s debts 12. In 1898, an offer of $300 million was proposed to Spanish Empire for the United States purchase of Cuba, but this was declined 13. During this time, the idea of an American annexation of Cuba was becoming popular within the southern states 14. After the Spanish-American War which lasted for three and a half months in 1989 between Cuba and the United States fighting against the Spanish Empire, the Treaty of Paris was signed 15. This document, among other things, surrendered Cuba to the United States 16. The annexation of Cuba was still prohibited according to the Teller Amendment which, signed by the United States in 1989, stipulated that the Americans could only help militarily in the Cuban s fight for independence, but that following independence, the Americans must withdraw their troops 17. Instead of withdrawing their troops following the Spanish Empire s defeat in 1989, the United States forced Cuba to sign the Platt Amendment in return for the extraction of their military from Cuba 18. The Republic of Cuba gained independence from the United States on May 20, The Cuban-American Treaty of Relations, which was similar to the Platt Amendment was passed on May 22, 1903 in Cuba, which stipulated seven pledges 19. Two of these pledges permitted the American government to intervene in Cuban affairs, which led to the American occupation of Cuba from 1906 to 1909 under the leadership of William Howard Taft, the American secretary of War 20. The Platt Amendment also required that Cuba sell or lease its land to the United States for the purposes of naval

6 station development and coaling stations which are fuelling stations for commercial or naval vessels 21. Within the coming years, the Cuban economy became even more reliant on the United States than it had been before % of crops produced in Cuba were being sold to the United States, along with 60% of the Cuban sugar industry being owned by American companies in After a Cuban rebel led, American influenced, overthrow of Gerardo Machado, the President of Cuba in 1933, and the United states sent 29 warships to Cuba 25. The Platt amendment was nullified by the new President of Cuba, Ramón Grau, so in response, the American Government refused to recognize the new Cuban government as legitimate 26. A new era of Cuban-American relations and an era of pour Soviet-Cuban relations began in 1940 when Fulgencio Batista became the President of Cuba 28. With the planning aid of the United States, he staged a military coup in 1952, and regained power, commencing an era of rampant corruption, and poverty 29. Fidel Castro, a man running for a seat in the Cuban House of Representatives in 1952 saw Batista s rule as a dictatorship, and challenged it in court. After losing these cases, Castro began planning a revolution to seize control over what he considered an illegitimate government 30. The first conflict between the Castro led rebels and the Cuban government was in 1953 at the military barracks in Santiago 31. Casualties were taken on both sides before Castro ordered his rebels to retreat. In the days after the attack, rebels were rounded up, some of them executed, others taken prisoner 32. Castro was among those taken prisoner, and was sentenced to 15 years in prison by the Batista government 33. In 1955, the Batista government in an attempt to gain publicity, granted amnesty to all the prisoners including Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl, who fled the country later that year 34. In 1956, Castro returned to Cuba with his rebel group, this time with much success 35. The Batista government, loosing many important sites to the rebels, became unpopular internationally 36. Having seen the failures of the Batista government to defend important Cuban positions, as well as the criticism of torture and media censorship, the United states stopped selling weapons to the Batista

7 government in Knowing that the Batista government would fall, Eulogio Cantillo, a General serving as the Chief of the Joint Staff in Cuba was instructed by the United States to declare a ceasefire with Castro 38. Batista fled Cuba, and Cantillo proclaimed that he was the new President 39. This caused Castro to end the ceasefire and oust Cantillo, who was sentenced to 15 years in prison by the revolutionary tribunals 40. Castro was appointed Prime Minister of Cuba in In 1961, suspecting that there were spies in the United States embassy requested that the staff of 300 be reduced 42. This caused the United States to sever all diplomatic relations with Cuba, and raise their funding to Cuban dissidents who went on to bomb Cuban factories and sugar mills 43. On April 15, 1961, piloting eight American supplied, CIA prepped Douglas B-26B Invader bombers, and exiled Cuban pilots bombed three Cuban airfields 44. This was part of a plan to invade Cuba approved by John F. Kennedy. Brigade 2506, approximately 1400 exiled Cuban ground troops arrived at the Bay of Pigs in the southern reaches of Cuba on April Accompanied by tanks and landing craft, the militants were met by what was left of Castro s air force 46. By late April 19, two American destroyers evacuated the retreating ground forces, after they were beaten by Castro s military 47. The defeat of the CIA trained ground troops at the Bay of Pigs served as propaganda for the Castro government against the United States, and further bolstered the American government s resolve to destabilize the Cuban government 48. This lead to the enactment of the Cuban Project in which there were association attempts against Cuban officials, and military as well as political sabotage 49. The Soviet Union lead by Nikita Khrushchev and Cuban government lead by Fidel Castro strengthened their relations during the years following the Bay of Pigs disaster 50. Khrushchev, with the knowledge that the United States had positioned mid-range ballistic missiles in Turkey, was keen to take aim and the United States with Soviet nuclear missiles 51. With the intention to position nuclear missiles in Cuba, Khrushchev sent over military and missile construction specialists to Cuba to persuade Fidel Castro to allow for the construction of nuclear missile launchers in Cuba 52. Fearing that an American invasion was immanent, Khrushchev wanted to safeguard Cuba to help preserve its communist ideals Soviet troops were transported to Cuba to help with the installation of the nuclear missiles 53. With tensions mounting between the United States and the Soviet Union after the Soviets admitted to supplying Cuba with defensive missiles, the Soviet Union declared that any attack on Cuba or Soviet transport ships would be taken as an act of war. 54

8 Works Cited 1- Staff, History.com. "Cold War History." History.com. A+E Networks, Web. 29 Jan ibid 1 3- "Space Race." Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian National Air and Space 4- Museum, n.d. Web. 08 Feb ibid 1 6- "EXCOMM." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 09 Feb "General Assembly Demands End to Cuba Blockade for Twenty-Second Year As Speakers Voice Concern over Impact on Third Countries". United Nations General Assembly, Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. 29 October Retrieved 8 February Schlesinger, Arthur. "The American Empire? Not So Fast." WORLD POLICY JOURNAL. World Policy Institute, Web. 09 Feb Chomsky, Aviva; Carr, Barry; Smorkaloff, Pamela Maria, eds. (2004). The Cuba Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN ibid 11- Ferguson, James R. "Cuba: Revolution, Resistance and Globalisation." Cuba: Revolution, Resistance and Globalisation. Bond University, Queensland, Australia The Department of International Relations. Web. 10 Feb , 13- ibid "Struggle for Independence - 5." Timetable History of Cuba. HistoryofCuba.com, n.d. Web. 10 Feb ibid 14

9 16- "The United States, Cuba, and the Platt Amendment, Milestones - Office of the Historian." The United States, Cuba, and the Platt Amendment, Milestones - Office of the Historian. United States Department of State, n.d. Web. 05 Feb ibid Ibid "Testimony of Arthur Gardner and Earl E. T. Smith." Testimony of Arthur Gardner and Earl E. T. Smith. COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, n.d. Web. 10 Feb Bourne, Peter G. (1986). Fidel: A Biography of Fidel Castro. New York City: Dodd, Mead & Company. ISBN ibid Coltman, Leycester (2003). The Real Fidel Castro. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN ibid ibid "Bay of Pigs Invasion." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 09 Feb ibid Franklin, Jane. "The Cuban Missile Crisis: An In-Depth Chronology." The Cuban Missile Crisis: An In-Depth Chronology. Jane Franklin, Web. 10 Feb f ibid 50

The Cuban Revolution and Guerrilla Movement in Mexico

The Cuban Revolution and Guerrilla Movement in Mexico The Cuban Revolution and Guerrilla Movement in Mexico SS6H3: The student will analyze important 20 th century issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. a. Explain the impact of the Cuban Revolution b.

More information

The Cuban Revolution

The Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution Background Info Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898. In the 1900s, Cuba s wealth was controlled by American companies. The main businesses in Cuba were sugar and mining

More information

How can something so beautiful nearly bring an end to the world? Cuban Missile Crisis

How can something so beautiful nearly bring an end to the world? Cuban Missile Crisis How can something so beautiful nearly bring an end to the world? Cuban Missile Crisis As the story goes The Berlin crisis, even with the wall being built seems to have been solved, with neither side particularly

More information

Organising and using correct language

Organising and using correct language Get started Get started Making a judgement (AO1) 4 Organising and using correct language This unit will help you learn how to develop your paragraphs effectively. Structuring your paragraphs will help

More information

To make sure it still had influence in the area, the US invaded, launching the Spanish-American War in /22/2008

To make sure it still had influence in the area, the US invaded, launching the Spanish-American War in /22/2008 Global Issues 621 September 2008 Population: 11 Million Capital City: Havana Head of State: Raul Castro (as of February 2008) Proximity to Florida: 90 Miles (less than the distance from Souris to Tignish)

More information

Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898.

Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898. The Where is Cuba? Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898. In the 1900s, Cuba s wealth was controlled by American companies. The main businesses in Cuba were sugar and mining companies. The leader

More information

The Cold War s Most Dangerous Decade??

The Cold War s Most Dangerous Decade?? The Cold War s Most Dangerous Decade?? 1 1959 Dwight Eisenhower is President Kruschev is leader in Russia Fidel Castro leads Cuban Revolution 1960 U2 Incident Bay of Pigs Invasion Berlin Wall is erected

More information

The Cuban Revolution and Guerrilla Movement in Mexico

The Cuban Revolution and Guerrilla Movement in Mexico Warm up 1) Who lead Mexico to independence? 2) What as Simon Bolivar's nick name? What countries did Bolivar lead to independence? 3) I was an ex-slave who lead Haiti to independence, Who am I? 4) Which

More information

PPT: Cold War Foreign Policy. How did the United States use the CIA to fight the Cold War?

PPT: Cold War Foreign Policy. How did the United States use the CIA to fight the Cold War? PPT: Cold War Foreign Policy How did the United States use the CIA to fight the Cold War? The CIA Created by the National Security Act of 1947 Mainly responsible for intelligence abroad. Two parts: collection

More information

U.S. and Latin America

U.S. and Latin America U.S. and Latin America U.S. after WWII The United States emerged from World War II the preeminent military and economic power in the world. While much of Europe and Asia struggled to recover from the physical

More information

The Cuban Missile Crisis - On the Brink of Nuclear War -

The Cuban Missile Crisis - On the Brink of Nuclear War - The Cuban Missile Crisis - On the Brink of Nuclear War - CUBAN CRISIS - BACKGROUND During the Spanish-American War in the 19 th century, the US gained control of Cuba. Americans were supporting a rather

More information

Richtor Scale of the Cold War: Détente or brinkmanship?

Richtor Scale of the Cold War: Détente or brinkmanship? WH3201: Outcome 4.2 Richtor Scale of the Cold War: Détente or brinkmanship? BRINKMANSHIP & PROXY WAR Cuban Missile Crisis Marshall Plan Molotov Plan NATO Korean War Berlin Wall built Warsaw Pact Khrushchev

More information

Fulgencio Batista was the president of Cuba form 1933 to 1944, and after overthrowing the government, becomes the dictator of Cuba from 1952 to 1959.

Fulgencio Batista was the president of Cuba form 1933 to 1944, and after overthrowing the government, becomes the dictator of Cuba from 1952 to 1959. The Where is Cuba? Fulgencio Batista was the president of Cuba form 1933 to 1944, and after overthrowing the government, becomes the dictator of Cuba from 1952 to 1959. Batista was a corrupt and repressive

More information

The Cuban Missile Crisis (October Crisis), 1962

The Cuban Missile Crisis (October Crisis), 1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis (October Crisis), 1962 Lesson objectives/questions What was the background to the events in Cuba? How successful were early attempts at containment? Why was the USSR interested

More information

JFK and The Cold War. Jenny, Valter, Eldrick

JFK and The Cold War. Jenny, Valter, Eldrick JFK and The Cold War Jenny, Valter, Eldrick Who is JFK? Born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, MA Served from January 20, 1961 November 22, 1963 43 year old Democrat from Massachusetts Overall Policies and

More information

SS6H3 The student will analyze important 20th century issues in Latin America and the Caribbean.

SS6H3 The student will analyze important 20th century issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Standards SS6H3 The student will analyze important 20th century issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. a. Explain the impact of the Cuban Revolution. Where is Cuba? Cuba gained its independence from

More information

Get in Touch with Tapasvi IAS

Get in Touch with Tapasvi IAS Know About Cuban Missile Crisis International Relation/World History Watch Full Video Here: https://bit.ly/2pf6min Get in Touch with Tapasvi IAS To Get free Study Material on WhatsApp Save our Number 06353628568

More information

student. They should complete the

student. They should complete the Standards SS6H3 The student will analyze important 20th century issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. a. Explain the impact of the Cuban Revolution. Teachers Print off the following page for each

More information

JFK AND FLEXIBLE RESPONSE

JFK AND FLEXIBLE RESPONSE JFK AND FLEXIBLE RESPONSE JFK is elected president of the U.S. in 1960. Flexible Response=JFK s new military policy. A) Increased spending on nonnuclear forces such as troops, ships, and artillery. B)

More information

The Cuban Revolution. By Preet Singh

The Cuban Revolution. By Preet Singh The Cuban Revolution By Preet Singh Cuban Relations w/ the U.S. After the Cuban war of Independence, Cuba began to offer Real Estate to United State s Investors. Guantanamo Bay would be opened. In 1926

More information

Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961

Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961 The Bay of Pigs Invasion, Operation Zapata, was an attempt by anticommunist Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro s Cuban government. This operation began on March 17, 1960,

More information

Any unilateral American intervention, in the absence of an external attack upon

Any unilateral American intervention, in the absence of an external attack upon 1 Any unilateral American intervention, in the absence of an external attack upon ourselves or an ally, would have been contrary to our traditions and to our international obligations. 1 President John

More information

26th of July Revolution. Unit 3: Revolution

26th of July Revolution. Unit 3: Revolution 26th of July Revolution Unit 3: Revolution Central Question What were the motivations behind the 26th of July Revolution? What is the historical context that set the stage for this to occur? What were

More information

Introduction. Definition of Key Terms

Introduction. Definition of Key Terms Forum: United Nations Historical Security Council Issue: Resolving an escalating crisis between the U.S. and USSR following the discovery of missiles being assembled in Cuba on October 14, 1962. Student

More information

FROM COLONY TO INDPENDENT NATION

FROM COLONY TO INDPENDENT NATION FROM COLONY TO INDPENDENT NATION Quiz: Wednesday! Aztecs, Incas, Cuban Revolution, Zapatista Movement, Independence Movements! HW: finish notes and complete Multi-Level Review Tomorrow: We begin Government

More information

Latin American Vocabulary. Review

Latin American Vocabulary. Review Latin American Vocabulary Review Andean geographic term for countries located along the Andes mountain range of South America Arable suitable for farming BRICS Political science term used for the world

More information

With a partner, discuss what you already know about Cuba. Include the government, economy, freedoms, etc.

With a partner, discuss what you already know about Cuba. Include the government, economy, freedoms, etc. With a partner, discuss what you already know about Cuba. Include the government, economy, freedoms, etc. In this lesson, we are going to examine a specific event that has had a lasting affect on the country

More information

The Spanish-American War

The Spanish-American War Warm-Up 1. List three reasons why the United States desired to become an Imperial Power. 2. What are the costs of Imperialism? 3. How did we convince Japan to trade with us in the 1850s? 4. What is the

More information

Eisenhower Policies. The Space Race, Middle Eastern Diplomacy, and Eisenhower Doctrine

Eisenhower Policies. The Space Race, Middle Eastern Diplomacy, and Eisenhower Doctrine Eisenhower Policies The Space Race, Middle Eastern Diplomacy, and Eisenhower Doctrine SPACE RACE Dwight Eisenhower 34th President Was a five star general serving in WW2 Authorized the establishment of

More information

Review Game. Latin America History. Inca and Aztec*Columbian Exchange*Atlantic Slave Trade*Triangular Trade Cuban Revolution*Zapatistas

Review Game. Latin America History. Inca and Aztec*Columbian Exchange*Atlantic Slave Trade*Triangular Trade Cuban Revolution*Zapatistas Inca and Aztec*Columbian Exchange*Atlantic Slave Trade*Triangular Trade Cuban Revolution*Zapatistas Latin America History Review Game Grade 6 Social Studies Department East Cobb Middle School 2016 Which

More information

Cuban Revolution. Cuban Revolution, widespread uprising in Cuba that overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista

Cuban Revolution. Cuban Revolution, widespread uprising in Cuba that overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista Cuban Revolution I INTRODUCTION Cuban Revolution, widespread uprising in Cuba that overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista (1952-1959) and brought the government of revolutionary leader Fidel Castro

More information

World War II. Major Events and U.S. Role

World War II. Major Events and U.S. Role World War II Major Events and U.S. Role Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Hitler and Stalin signed a Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in August 1939. They agreed not to go to war with each other. The Russians

More information

The Spanish-American War

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War 1898 Spain and Cuba Cuba, an island only 90 miles from the coast of Florida, was one of the last of Spain s colonial possessions in Latin America. Cubans were heavily taxed and

More information

Weekly Geopolitical Report

Weekly Geopolitical Report Weekly Geopolitical Report By Bill O Grady January 5, 2015 The Cuban Thaw On Wednesday, December 17, 2014, President Obama surprised the country by announcing a prisoner exchange and negotiations to begin

More information

11/16/15. Today s! Topic: " Latin America Independence Movement

11/16/15. Today s! Topic:  Latin America Independence Movement Classes begin at: 1st Block 8:35am 2 nd Block 10:05am Georgia Cyber Academy s mission is to provide an exemplary individualized and engaging educational experience for all students. Learning Target: I

More information

GA4 - The question of the restoration of the Cuban-American relations

GA4 - The question of the restoration of the Cuban-American relations 2017 GA4 The question of the restoration of the Cuban-American relations 1 Index Introduction... 3 Definition of key-terms... 4 General Overview... 7 Major parties involved and their views... 9 Timeline

More information

U.S., Cuba to begin working toward neighborly relationship

U.S., Cuba to begin working toward neighborly relationship U.S., Cuba to begin working toward neighborly relationship Deyoung, Karen. Washington Post via Newsela. (Ed. Newsela version 950). U.S., Cuba to begin working toward neighborly relationship 17 Apr. 15.

More information

Unit 6 Lesson 8 The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Unit 6 Lesson 8 The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Unit 6 Lesson 8 The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Lesson 8 The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars 1. Greece defeated two major Persian invasions in the. (Battle of Salamis/Persian Wars) 2. The began when

More information

The Spark That Brought Down Trujillo By CommonLit Staff 2017

The Spark That Brought Down Trujillo By CommonLit Staff 2017 Name: Class: The Spark That Brought Down Trujillo By CommonLit Staff 2017 Rafael Trujillo was a politician, soldier, and dictator of the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in

More information

Lesson Plan. TOPIC: Cúba y sus sabores (Cuba and its flavors) Objectives: Class Level: Spanish I & II. Duration: min.

Lesson Plan. TOPIC: Cúba y sus sabores (Cuba and its flavors) Objectives: Class Level: Spanish I & II. Duration: min. Lesson Plan TOPIC: Cúba y sus sabores (Cuba and its flavors) Objectives: To become more aware of Cuba and its culture To form questions To develop research skills To report information To learn about Cuban

More information

Content Statement: Explain how Enlightenment ideals influenced the French Revolution and Latin American wars for independence.

Content Statement: Explain how Enlightenment ideals influenced the French Revolution and Latin American wars for independence. Reforms, Revolutions, and Chapter War 9.3 Section 3 Independence in Latin America Content Statement: Explain how Enlightenment ideals influenced the French Revolution and Latin American wars for independence.

More information

SWBAT: Explain How the Spanish-American War sparked the age of imperialism in America

SWBAT: Explain How the Spanish-American War sparked the age of imperialism in America SWBAT: Explain How the Spanish-American War sparked the age of imperialism in America Do Now: a) Get a Chromebook from the back cabinet, log on, and access our Google Classroom b) Spanish-American War

More information

The Rise of Rome. Chapter 5.1

The Rise of Rome. Chapter 5.1 The Rise of Rome Chapter 5.1 The Land and the Peoples of Italy Italy is a peninsula about 750 miles long north to south. The run down the middle. Three important fertile plains ideal for farming are along

More information

Latin American Revolutions of the early 1800s

Latin American Revolutions of the early 1800s Latin American Revolutions of the early 1800s I. Background The Spanish/Portuguese Colonial System A. The Roles of Colonies fulfillment of mercantilism for Spain and Portugal 1. Plantation Agriculture

More information

The Cuban Revolution A short overview

The Cuban Revolution A short overview The Cuban Revolution A short overview This first chapter gives a short overview of the Cuban Revolution by presenting some of the most well-known Cuban billboards and the revolutionary slogans shown on

More information

Exercise 1: Match the words with the pictures and find them in the word search.

Exercise 1: Match the words with the pictures and find them in the word search. Exercise 1: Match the words with the pictures and find them in the word search. Havana Salsa Classic Cars Raul Castro Peso Communism Che Guevara Beaches Embargo Cigars Fidel Castro Guantanamo Bay Sugar

More information

The Age of European Expansion

The Age of European Expansion The Age of European Expansion 1580-1760 Spanish and Portuguese America 1581-1640 1. The Viceroyalty of New Spain was first established in 1535 by King Charles I 1 2. The 15 Captaincies of Brazil were first

More information

Operation 25 & Operation Marita. By: Young Young, Cecil, Ramsey,and michael

Operation 25 & Operation Marita. By: Young Young, Cecil, Ramsey,and michael Operation 25 & Operation Marita By: Young Young, Cecil, Ramsey,and michael Background on invasion of yugoslavia Operation 25, more commonly known as the Invasion of Yugoslavia or the April War, was an

More information

World War II in Japan:

World War II in Japan: World War II in Japan: 1939-1945 The Japanese Empire Japan wanted to expand to obtain more raw materials and markets for its industries/population 1931: Japan seized Manchuria 1937-40: Japan seized most

More information

millions around the world. He has become a standard bearer for all those who

millions around the world. He has become a standard bearer for all those who 14 WHO KILLED CHE? HOW THE CIA GOT AWAY WITH MURDER premeditation and cowardice, but it did not succeed in killing him. Today Che is more alive than ever. He lives on through his image, worn on the chests

More information

AGENDA 2: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

AGENDA 2: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS AGENDA 2: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Contents Introduction 1 Part 1. Historical context of the clash 2 1.1. Cuba-US relations 2 1.2. Overthrow attempts 3 1.3. Altering for USSR 5 1.4. Bay of Pigs issue 7 1.5.

More information

History of the Mexican Revolution

History of the Mexican Revolution History of the Mexican Revolution By ThoughtCo.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.19.17 Word Count 1,098 Level 840L Revolutionaries Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa are among the prominent figures from

More information

World War II in Asia. AP World History Chapter 21 Collapse and Recovery in Europe s

World War II in Asia. AP World History Chapter 21 Collapse and Recovery in Europe s World War II in Asia AP World History Chapter 21 Collapse and Recovery in Europe 1914 1970s Japanese Imperialism In the 1930s = Japan had seized much of China Japan now set its sights on French, British,

More information

Game of Chess: Cuba vs United States. On October 22nd, 1960 The Economist released an article illuminating the inception of

Game of Chess: Cuba vs United States. On October 22nd, 1960 The Economist released an article illuminating the inception of P a g e 1 Game of Chess: Cuba vs United States On October 22nd, 1960 The Economist released an article illuminating the inception of conflict between Cuba and the United States. The piece, On the Rocks,

More information

Guided Notes - Persian & Peloponnesian Wars

Guided Notes - Persian & Peloponnesian Wars Guided Notes - Persian & Peloponnesian Wars The Persian Wars - 510-478 B.C.E Major Battles: Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, & Plataea The Persians: Led by Began creating one of the world s largest empires

More information

Chapter 10. America Claims An Empire

Chapter 10. America Claims An Empire Chapter 10 America Claims An Empire Chapter 10 Vocabulary 1. Queen Liliuokalani 2. Imperialism* 3. Alfred T. Mahan 4. William Seward 5. Pearl Harbor* 6. Sanford B. Dole 7. Jose Marti 8. Valeriano Weyler

More information

Text 1: Empire Building Through Conquest. Topic 6: Ancient Rome and the Origins of Christianity Lesson 2: The Roman Empire: Rise and Decline

Text 1: Empire Building Through Conquest. Topic 6: Ancient Rome and the Origins of Christianity Lesson 2: The Roman Empire: Rise and Decline Text 1: Empire Building Through Conquest Topic 6: Ancient Rome and the Origins of Christianity Lesson 2: The Roman Empire: Rise and Decline BELLWORK How did Rome s conquests affect the Empire? OBJECTIVES

More information

I...... ", 1961:\", '\ The Bay of Pigs c. Invasion Fifty years ago, the U.S. backed a secret plan to overthrow Cuba's new Communist regime. The U.S. and Cuba have been at loggerheads ever since BY ANTHONY

More information

The question of the restoration of the Cuban-American relations

The question of the restoration of the Cuban-American relations Research Report XXVI Annual Session The question of the restoration of the Cuban-American relations Maela Ruiz Le Moing Rohaan Radhakrishnan Forum Issue: Student Officer: Position: General Assembly Fourth

More information

The Suez Crisis. Background Crisis / Events Aftermath / Consequences

The Suez Crisis. Background Crisis / Events Aftermath / Consequences The Suez Crisis Background Crisis / Events Aftermath / Consequences Key words / terms / figures Nationalisation Pan-Arab nationalism Suez Canal Cold War Anthony Eden Colonel Nasser Dwight Eisenhower Gamal

More information

The Rise of Rome. After about 800 BC other people also began settling in Italy The two most notable were the and the

The Rise of Rome. After about 800 BC other people also began settling in Italy The two most notable were the and the The Rise of Rome The Land and People of Italy Italy is a peninsula extending about miles from north to south and only about 120 miles wide. The mountains form a ridge from north to south down the middle

More information

9/28/2015. The Gallipoli Campaign (Dardanelles Campaign) Including the Armenian Genocide. February December 1915

9/28/2015. The Gallipoli Campaign (Dardanelles Campaign) Including the Armenian Genocide. February December 1915 The Gallipoli Campaign (Dardanelles Campaign) Including the Armenian Genocide February December 1915 The Downfall of Winston Churchill?? 1 2 Turkey Enters World War I on 28 October 1914 (Secret treaty

More information

THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary

THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary Fact Sheet: Charting a New Course on Cuba Today, the United States is taking historic steps to chart a new course in our relations with Cuba and to further

More information

MGH Institute of Health Professions March 15, 2010

MGH Institute of Health Professions March 15, 2010 Katie Seamon, Nixon Cornay, Sigrid Bergenstein, Leila Hepp, and special guest Marie Germaine Cornay MGH Institute of Health Professions March 15, 2010 Haiti was the first black republic in the world, established

More information

COUNTRY DATA: Cuba : Information from the CIA World Factbook

COUNTRY DATA: Cuba : Information from the CIA World Factbook COUNTRY DATA: Cuba : Information from the CIA World Factbook INTRODUCTION The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in

More information

Our Class. More Complicated. What We Believe About End. The Fall of Imperial Japan and The Rise of Modern Japan

Our Class. More Complicated. What We Believe About End. The Fall of Imperial Japan and The Rise of Modern Japan The Fall of Imperial Japan and The Rise of Modern Japan Our Class Begins with a brief history of Japan 800-1945 Discusses the factors leading to World War II Closely reviews the events ending the war describing

More information

War Begins. p

War Begins. p War Begins p. 758-763 War Begins September 1, 1939, Hitler sent his armies into Poland. Two days later, Great Britain & France declared war on Germany & WWII began. Sep. 1 Germany invades Poland Sep. 3

More information

The Blockade! Virtual Walls of Naval Warfare! Michael W. Harris! Cold Wars 2007! Admiralty Trilogy Seminar!

The Blockade! Virtual Walls of Naval Warfare! Michael W. Harris! Cold Wars 2007! Admiralty Trilogy Seminar! The Blockade! Virtual Walls of Naval Warfare! Michael W. Harris! Cold Wars 2007! Admiralty Trilogy Seminar! Outline This Seminar and the Cold Wars 07 Theme Why use a Naval Blockade? What is a Naval Blockade?

More information

THE CUBA TRADE EMBARGO CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE NEWS

THE CUBA TRADE EMBARGO CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE NEWS THE CUBA TRADE EMBARGO CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE NEWS CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE NEWS Close Up's Controversial Issues discussions highlight policy issues recently featured in the news. Each discussion

More information

The Suez Canal Crisis. By: Nikki, Michael, Taylor, Kylee, Danica, and Michaela.

The Suez Canal Crisis. By: Nikki, Michael, Taylor, Kylee, Danica, and Michaela. The Suez Canal Crisis By: Nikki, Michael, Taylor, Kylee, Danica, and Michaela. Timeline 1953: Nasser introduces blockades/restricts Israeli commerce July 26th: Nasser announces nationalization of the Canal

More information

3.2.5: Japanese American Relations U.S. Entry into WWII. War in the Pacific

3.2.5: Japanese American Relations U.S. Entry into WWII. War in the Pacific 3.2.5: Japanese American Relations 1937-1942 U.S. Entry into WWII War in the Pacific 1920s 1930s Review USA Wilson s 14 Points...League of Nations Isolationism Economic Depression FDR Japan Emerging world

More information

LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS : An Age of Revolutions

LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS : An Age of Revolutions LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS 1750-1914: An Age of Revolutions BACKGROUND Indigenous peoples and civilizations Maya, Aztec, Inca European Colonization, 1500s Spain, Portugal, France American Revolution,

More information

Dr. Stephen Wilkinson

Dr. Stephen Wilkinson Dr. Stephen Wilkinson s.wilkinson@londonmet.ac.uk Transition but Regime change (i.e. Cambio Sí, Castro No!) Helms-Burton Law 1996:... a transition government in Cuba is a government that:...(3) has dissolved

More information

The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Conflict of Nuclear Powers. Logan Meyer Junior Division Historical Paper Paper Length: 2,462 words

The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Conflict of Nuclear Powers. Logan Meyer Junior Division Historical Paper Paper Length: 2,462 words The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Conflict of Nuclear Powers Logan Meyer Junior Division Historical Paper Paper Length: 2,462 words The Cold War era was a dark era for many which forced people to quiver under

More information

Brazilian Revolution

Brazilian Revolution Brazilian Revolution A. 1. -The Portuguese royal family arrived in Brazil in 1807 to flee Napoleon s invasion of Portugal -Brazil was raised to equal status with Portugal, and the functions of the royal

More information

JAPAN S PACIFIC CAMPAIGN. Chapter 16 section 2

JAPAN S PACIFIC CAMPAIGN. Chapter 16 section 2 JAPAN S PACIFIC CAMPAIGN Chapter 16 section 2 Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor October 1940 the U.S. had cracked one of the codes that the Japanese used in sending secret messages. Which meant the U.S.

More information

Chapter 13 Eastern Europe & Western Russia: Recovering from war, communism, genocide, and unfortunate geography (Pg )

Chapter 13 Eastern Europe & Western Russia: Recovering from war, communism, genocide, and unfortunate geography (Pg ) Chapter 13 Eastern Europe & Western Russia: Recovering from war, communism, genocide, and unfortunate geography (Pg. 393-420) Lesson 1: Physical Geography of Eastern Europe & Western Russia Pg. 396-401

More information

The Status Process and Its Implications for Kosovo and Serbia

The Status Process and Its Implications for Kosovo and Serbia The Status Process and Its Implications for Kosovo and Serbia Lulzim Peci The declaration of independence of Kosovo on February 17 th, 2008 has marked the last stage of Kosovo s path to state building

More information

Cuba's Socialist Renewal

Cuba's Socialist Renewal Cuba's Socialist Renewal Obama s new Cuba policy: McDonald's in Old Havana? Posted: 01 Feb 2015 07:22 PM PST This commentary was written for and first published in Australia's Green Left Weekly. Obama

More information

A New Kind of War. Chapter 11 Section 2

A New Kind of War. Chapter 11 Section 2 A New Kind of War Chapter 11 Section 2 Introduction Great War was the largest conflict in history up to that time Millions of French, British, Russian, and German soldiers mobilized for battle German forces

More information

Index. Brazil 6, 22, 55, 72, 111, 133, 180, 184 5, 187 Bruguera, Tania 67 8, 75, Bush, George W. 34, 39, 59, 192

Index. Brazil 6, 22, 55, 72, 111, 133, 180, 184 5, 187 Bruguera, Tania 67 8, 75, Bush, George W. 34, 39, 59, 192 Index 17D and US-Latin America relations 3 7, 34 5 announcements 1, 4, 11, 31, 43 4, 102, 137, 179 quotes from presidents speeches 20, 41, 161, 164, 174, 174n1 as continuation of societal trends 9, 47

More information

Michael Dunne marks the 50th anniversary of the US-backed Bay of Pigs invasion of Castro's Cuba.

Michael Dunne marks the 50th anniversary of the US-backed Bay of Pigs invasion of Castro's Cuba. HISTORY TODAY, 2012 Michael Dunne marks the 50th anniversary of the US-backed Bay of Pigs invasion of Castro's Cuba. On the night of April 16th and 17th, 1961, 1,400 armed men on board a flotilla of small

More information

Cuban History in a Coconut Shell

Cuban History in a Coconut Shell Cuban History in a Coconut Shell Cuba lies at the mouth of the Gulf of Mexico and is both the largest and most populated island in the region. Pre-Occupation Siboney hunter gatherers from South America

More information

The End of WWII & The Dropping of the Atomic Bombs

The End of WWII & The Dropping of the Atomic Bombs The End of WWII & The Dropping of the Atomic Bombs The Beginning of the end Big three Stalin (Soviet Union), FDR (USA), and Churchill (Great Britain) Meetings 1. Tehran 1943 plan the war/ unconditional

More information

notes on cuba containing pdf Notes On Cuba Containing An Account Of Its Discovery And Notes on Cuba : containing an account - Internet Archive

notes on cuba containing pdf Notes On Cuba Containing An Account Of Its Discovery And Notes on Cuba : containing an account - Internet Archive DOWNLOAD OR READ : NOTES ON CUBA CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF ITS DISCOVERY AND EARLY HISTORY A DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY ITS POPULATION RESOURCES AND WEALTH ITS INSTITUTIONS AND THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF

More information

PUBLICATIONS ON BURMA. Andrew Selth ARC Research Fellow Griffith Asia Institute Griffith University

PUBLICATIONS ON BURMA. Andrew Selth ARC Research Fellow Griffith Asia Institute Griffith University PUBLICATIONS ON BURMA by Andrew Selth ARC Research Fellow Griffith Asia Institute Griffith University Books Transforming the Tatmadaw: The Burmese Armed Forces Since 1988, Canberra Papers on Strategy and

More information

WWII The War in the Pacific

WWII The War in the Pacific WWII The War in the Pacific Japan controls the Pacific Japan attacks various Pacific locations late 1941 Japan controlled Hong Kong, Thailand, Guam, Wake, Burma, Malaya Japan attacks Philippines pushes

More information

Canada s Contributions Abroad WWII

Canada s Contributions Abroad WWII Canada s Contributions Abroad WWII Battle of the Atlantic (1939-1945) Struggle between the Allied and German forces for control of the Atlantic Ocean. The Allies needed to keep the vital flow of men and

More information

Big Idea Rome Becomes an Empire Essential Question How did Rome become an Empire?

Big Idea Rome Becomes an Empire Essential Question How did Rome become an Empire? Big Idea Rome Becomes an Empire Essential Question How did Rome become an Empire? 1 Words To Know Reform To make changes or improvements. Let s Set The Stage After gaining control of the Italian peninsula,

More information

GRECO-PERSIAN WARS NAME: B.C. 499 TO 479. Task: Read ~ Write ~ Respond Use your Split note-taking skills

GRECO-PERSIAN WARS NAME: B.C. 499 TO 479. Task: Read ~ Write ~ Respond Use your Split note-taking skills NAME: PERIOD: Task: Read ~ Write ~ Respond Use your Split note-taking skills GRECO-PERSIAN WARS B.C. 499 TO 479 As many historians have suggested, the Greco-Persian Wars were a David and Goliath struggle

More information

José Antonio Echeverría. José Antonio Echeverría was a Cuban democratic student activist who believed

José Antonio Echeverría. José Antonio Echeverría was a Cuban democratic student activist who believed Raul Perez José Antonio Echeverría José Antonio Echeverría was a Cuban democratic student activist who believed strongly in freeing his country from the dictatorship and corruption it was suffering under

More information

2/6/11! Pacific Theater! Pacific Theater! Pacific Theater!

2/6/11! Pacific Theater! Pacific Theater! Pacific Theater! Pacific Theater! Pacific Theater! Pacific Theater! 1! 2/6/11! Pacific Theater! Pacific Theater! MacArthur & Minitz! General Douglas MacArthur commander of all US Army units in Pacific! Admiral Charles

More information

11/6/2018. The Battle of the Somme. 1 July Darkest Day in the History of the British Army. 1 July 18 November 1916

11/6/2018. The Battle of the Somme. 1 July Darkest Day in the History of the British Army. 1 July 18 November 1916 The Battle of the Somme 1 July 1916 Darkest Day in the History of the British Army 1 2 The Battle of the Somme 1 July 18 November 1916 Battle began with a British preliminary artillery bombardment Last

More information

The Eighty Years War and the Dutch Republic

The Eighty Years War and the Dutch Republic The Eighty Years War and the Dutch Republic Europe in 1555 Background Info The Netherlands was a wealthy area within the Holy Roman Empire It was a rich trading center A key region in the manufacture of

More information

Unvanquished: Cuba's Resistance To Fidel Castro By Enrique Encinosa

Unvanquished: Cuba's Resistance To Fidel Castro By Enrique Encinosa Unvanquished: Cuba's Resistance To Fidel Castro By Enrique Encinosa If you are searched for a ebook by Enrique Encinosa Unvanquished: Cuba's Resistance to Fidel Castro in pdf format, then you've come to

More information

Egyptian Civilization. World History Maria E. Ortiz Castillo

Egyptian Civilization. World History Maria E. Ortiz Castillo Egyptian Civilization World History Maria E. Ortiz Castillo Egypt 5000 B.C. Villages with its own rituals, gods and chieftain 3200 B.C. Two Kingdoms Lower Egypt Upper Egypt 3000 B.C. Unification of Egypt

More information

MANAGING INTERSTATE CCNELKT, Data with Synopses 194(5-74: Ecfoert Lyle Itittei MI i H i. with Margaret E. Scranton

MANAGING INTERSTATE CCNELKT, Data with Synopses 194(5-74: Ecfoert Lyle Itittei MI i H i. with Margaret E. Scranton MANAGING INTERSTATE CCNELKT, 194(5-74: Data with Synopses Ecfoert Lyle Itittei MI i H i with Margaret E. Scranton Copyright 1976 Robert Lyle Butterworth and the All Rights Reserved International Standard

More information

THINGS TO REMEMBER CARIBBEAN STUDIES

THINGS TO REMEMBER CARIBBEAN STUDIES PREMIER CURRICULUM SERIES Based on the Sunshine State Standards for Secondary Education, established by the State of Florida, Department of Education THINGS TO REMEMBER CARIBBEAN STUDIES Copyright 2009

More information

Operation 25 & Operation Marita. By: Manoella Contigiani, Haley Williams & Adam Simer

Operation 25 & Operation Marita. By: Manoella Contigiani, Haley Williams & Adam Simer Operation 25 & Operation Marita By: Manoella Contigiani, Haley Williams & Adam Simer Operation 25 Maps Operation Marita Operation 25 Operation 25 The Invasion of Yugoslavia, or the April War, was a German

More information