The Blue Flag Campaign in the Caribbean

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Blue Flag Campaign in the Caribbean"

Transcription

1 in the Caribbean Caribbean Regional Consortium Caribbean Tourism Organization Caribbean Conservation Association Caribbean Alliance for Sustainable Tourism

2

3

4 .. What is it? The Blue Flag is an exclusive voluntary eco-label awarded to more than 2800 beaches and marinas in 23 countries across Europe and South Africa in 2002 Owned and run by the independent non-profit organisation Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) Symbol of high environmental standards as well as superior sanitary and safety facilities at beaches/marinas

5 .. What is it? includes environmental education and information for the public, decision makers and tourism operators Originally developed in France (1985) Since 1987 launched in Europe (FEEE)

6 ..what are its objectives? Improve understanding and protection of coastal and marine environment Promote incorporation of environmental issues in decision-making process of authorities and their partners Achieve self-regulation by industry to meet environmental standards

7 local authorities..who does it target? the general public the tourism industry other major stakeholders

8 ..What criteria? Imperative or Guideline criteria Beaches and Marinas Both cover 4 aspects: Water Quality (regular testing and reporting) Environmental Education & Information (public outreach) Environmental Management (protection, safety, cleanliness) Safety and Facilities (services and infrastructure)

9 National operators Self-regulation Public plays important role..monitoring? Blue Flags awarded annually, can be removed at any time if criteria not achieved or upheld

10 ..What is a Blue Flag Beach?

11 ..What users expect from a Blue Flag Beach? Clean and analyzed sea water Environmental Information and education Clean sand and regular solid waste disposal Security and first aid services Easy and safe access to the beach Signage and enforcement of coastal legislation Potable water and sanitary facilities No motor vehicles circulation No pets allowed on beach( some exceptions)

12 ..What users expect from a Blue Flag Beach?

13

14 ..What users expect from a Blue Flag Beach?

15 ..now in the Caribbean Caribbean Region: 33 countries from the English, Spanish, French and Dutch Caribbean Independent States and Overseas Territories of France, UK and the Netherlands

16 ..now in the Caribbean Transferring the Blue Flag to the Caribbean: 1. Initial meeting : Puerto Rico Dec UNEP/WTO/CAST 2. Conducted a feasibility study: Selected a regional consortium: Barbados, May 2001 First meeting

17 ..now in the Caribbean The Blue Flag Caribbean Consortium: Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Regional tourism development agency for the Caribbean. 32 Countries. Public/Private sector members Caribbean Conservation Association (CCA) Oldest environmental regional body in the Caribbean (38 years old), 18 Caribbean governments, 19 NGO s, several hundred individual and corporate members Caribbean Alliance for Sustainable Tourism (CAST) Caribbean Hotel Association s environmental arm. Development of sustainable tourism standards

18 .now in the Caribbean 4. Determining the pilot phase criteria: First Coordinators Meeting - March Dom. Republic 5. Define the scope and extent of the campaign 6 Select beaches for pilot phase 7 Select National Committees 8. Raise public awareness 9. LAUNCH the public campaign: Pilot Phase Nov. 2002

19 ..now in the Caribbean Pilot Phase Criteria The Caribbean criteria are taking into account: regional environmental conditions (and threats!) socio-economic conditions institutional and legal frameworks: local, regional, and international

20 ..now in the Caribbean Pilot Phase Criteria The criteria have been designed so that they: address priority environment and tourism issues be attainable by all countries involved be capable of being monitored and controlled and consistent be simple to implement represent an improvement with respect to the status quo maintain the International Blue Flag quality

21 ..now in the Caribbean The Caribbean Blue Flag National Committees Suggested composition: National water quality authorities National authorities in charge of national policies on ICZM and nature protection National tourism & environment authorities National marine associations National associations of local authorities and interests NGOs representing environmental and community interests and environmental education National representative of the tourism trade National consumers association and safety boards

22 ..now in the Caribbean The Caribbean Blue Flag Pilot Countries (as of November 2002): Antigua & Barbuda Dominican Republic The Bahamas Jamaica Guadeloupe Puerto Rico Venezuela

23 .now in the Caribbean Puerto Rico beaches: - Monserrate Beach- Municipality of Luquillo - Carolina Beach-Municipality of Carolina - El Escambron beach San Juan - Flamenco Beach Municipality of Culebra

24 Carolina Beach..now in the Caribbean Three miles of sandy beach on the Atlantic coast. It is the closest beach to the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport. It has service, safety and information infrastructure that needs improvements to meet Blue Flag criteria. The Carolina Public Beach is administered by the Carolina Municipality.

25 .now in the Caribbean Jamaica Beaches: - Long Bay beach Negril in Westmoreland/Hanover - Doctors Cove Bathing Club Montego Bay, St. James - Dolphin s Cove Ocho Rios, St. Ann - Frenchman s Cove Port Antonio, Portland - Dunn s River, Ocho Rios, St. Ann Marina: - New Marina development in Port Antonio

26 .now in the Caribbean Dolphin Cove, Jamaica

27 .now in the Caribbean Dominican Republic Beaches: - Bayahibe Beach- Casa del Mar segment- Province of Altagracia - Bayahibe Beach Club Dominicus segment Province of Altagracia

28 .now in the Caribbean Bayahibe Beach, Dominican Republic

29 .now in the Caribbean Venezuela Beaches: - Adicora Beach Paraguana Peninsula, state of Falcon

30 .now in the Caribbean Adicora Beach, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela

31 .now in the Caribbean - The Bahamas: - Our Lucaya Marina, Freeport, Grand Bahama Island

32 ..now in the Caribbean Special issues for the Caribbean: Hotels / Hotel association as beach managers Beaches with restricted public access Coral reefs beaches linkages, including diving operators Community involvement Public reporting of water quality

33 .now in the Caribbean Pilot Phase Time Frame: Launch of Pilot Year in December - signs on 14 beaches/marinas. New countries can join up to December 30, 2002 Criteria tested and finalized by Oct National juries receive applications and a Regional Jury makes selections of candidates First Blue Flags in the region by winter 2004?

34 .now in the Caribbean

35 Many thanks for your attention! PENELOPE HYNAM Blue Flag Representative CARIBBEAN CONSERVATION ASSOCIATION

BLUE FLAG: A STEP TOWARDS

BLUE FLAG: A STEP TOWARDS PRESENTER: SEAN TOWNSEND Natural Resources Management & Planning Dept. BLUE FLAG: A STEP TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF JAMAICA'S PUBLIC BEACHES SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT is the management

More information

Tourism Quality and Standards: A Sustainable Tourism Policy Perspective

Tourism Quality and Standards: A Sustainable Tourism Policy Perspective Tourism Quality and Standards: A Sustainable Tourism Policy Perspective Presented by: Gail N. Henry Sustainable Tourism Product Specialist Caribbean Tourism Organization at CROSQ/GNBS SME Workshop Guyana,

More information

Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri, SPAW Secretariat Helene Souan, Director, SPAW-RAC

Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri, SPAW Secretariat Helene Souan, Director, SPAW-RAC UNEP s Caribbean Environment Programme (CEP) The Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife Protocol (SPAW) and the Regional Activity Centre for SPAW Protocol (SPAW RAC) Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri, SPAW Protocol

More information

JAMAICA. Cruise Passengers 1,678, % 35.7% Cruise Calls VISITOR PROFILE % 5.7% 15.5% TOURISM AND OTHER RELATED ECONOMIC STATISTICS

JAMAICA. Cruise Passengers 1,678, % 35.7% Cruise Calls VISITOR PROFILE % 5.7% 15.5% TOURISM AND OTHER RELATED ECONOMIC STATISTICS JAMAICA TOURISM HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2006 VISITOR ARRIVALS Tourist Arrivals I ( Summer ( Winter 1,678,905 64.3% 35.7% Cruise Passengers ( Summer ( Winter Cruise Calls 1,336,453 61.4% 38.6% 563 VISITOR PROFILE

More information

The Ultimate Caribbean Sale! Escape to the Caribbean and Save up to 50%

The Ultimate Caribbean Sale! Escape to the Caribbean and Save up to 50% Antigua Galley Bay Resort and Spa - All-Inclusive Now 8/31/10 3/4/10 Hotel savings of 20-30% off plus receive an Funjet Exclusive FREE room upgrade! Antigua St. James s Club - All-Inclusive Now 8/31/10

More information

World Tourism Organization Leading organization in the field of tourism today. Global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of

World Tourism Organization Leading organization in the field of tourism today. Global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of World Tourism Organization Leading organization in the field of tourism today. Global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism know how Members are 139 countries and 350 affiliate

More information

Climate Change and Tourism A Caribbean Tourism Organization Perspective

Climate Change and Tourism A Caribbean Tourism Organization Perspective Climate Change and Tourism A Caribbean Tourism Organization Perspective Presented by: Gail N. Henry Sustainable Tourism Product Specialist Caribbean Tourism Organization CARIBSAVE Partners Symposium, The

More information

CariCOF Drought Outlook. By the end of March 2019

CariCOF Drought Outlook. By the end of March 2019 CariCOF Drought Outlook By the end of March 2019 Shorter term Drought Outlook (October 2018 to March 2019) Areas under immediate drought concern? Current Outlook Current update (December 2018): We are

More information

Cartagena, Colombia August 2013 Dav Ernan Kowlessar

Cartagena, Colombia August 2013 Dav Ernan Kowlessar Cartagena, Colombia August 2013 Dav Ernan Kowlessar Context of this presentation CAIC Overview Reality of the Caribbean Landscape Input from the Caribbean Private Sector on developing a Roadmap Management

More information

REGIONAL AGREEMENT AND FRAMEWORK FOR MARINE MAMMALS CONSERVATION IN THE WCR: THE SPAW PROTOCOL AND THE MARINE MAMMAL ACTION PLAN

REGIONAL AGREEMENT AND FRAMEWORK FOR MARINE MAMMALS CONSERVATION IN THE WCR: THE SPAW PROTOCOL AND THE MARINE MAMMAL ACTION PLAN REGIONAL AGREEMENT AND FRAMEWORK FOR MARINE MAMMALS CONSERVATION IN THE WCR: THE SPAW PROTOCOL AND THE MARINE MAMMAL ACTION PLAN ALESSANDRA VANZELLA-KHOURI SPAW Programme Officer United Nations Environment

More information

(No. 9) (Approved April 8, 2001) AN ACT

(No. 9) (Approved April 8, 2001) AN ACT (S. B. 148) (No. 9) (Approved April 8, 2001) AN ACT To establish the Puerto Rico National Parks System, establish its objectives, its administration, the powers and duties of the Executive Director of

More information

PRESENTATION ASSET RECOVERY INTER-AGENCY NETWORK FOR THE CARIBBEAN (ARIN-CARIB)

PRESENTATION ASSET RECOVERY INTER-AGENCY NETWORK FOR THE CARIBBEAN (ARIN-CARIB) Secretariat for Multidimensional Security XLIV MEETING OF THE GROUP OF EXPERTS FOR THE CONTROL OF MONEY LAUNDERING September 25-26, 2017 Asuncion, Paraguay OEA/Ser.L/XIV. 4.44 DDOT/LAVEX/doc.16/17 September

More information

Basel Convention Regional Centre for Training and Technology Transfer for the Caribbean Region. Activities Report 2011.

Basel Convention Regional Centre for Training and Technology Transfer for the Caribbean Region. Activities Report 2011. Basel Convention Regional Centre for Training and Technology Transfer for the Caribbean Region. Activities Report 2011. Background BCRC-Caribbean was established under the Framework Agreement between the

More information

OUR Promise. OUR Caribbean.

OUR Promise. OUR Caribbean. OUR Promise. OUR Caribbean. Expanding upon the philanthropic work that SRI has undertaken over the past 30 years; to create a positive and sustainable impact on both people s lives and the environment

More information

CARIBBEAN TOURISM ORGANIZATION LATEST STATISTICS 2008

CARIBBEAN TOURISM ORGANIZATION LATEST STATISTICS 2008 CARIBBEAN TOURISM ORGANIZATION LATEST STATISTICS 2008 December 9, 2008 Table 1: Tourist (Stop-over) Arrivals in 2008 Period Tourist Arrivals % Change Overall Winter# Summer# Anguilla Jan-Aug 53,077-10.8-13.9-7.0

More information

United Nations Environment Programme

United Nations Environment Programme UNITED NATIONS EP United Nations Environment Programme Distr. RESTRICTED UNEP(DEPI)/CAR IG.28/INF.9 1 July 2008 Original: ENGLISH Thirteenth Intergovernmental Meeting on the Action Plan for the Caribbean

More information

TABLE 1 VISITOR ARRIVALS. Total Visitor Arrivals +/ Month / / /18

TABLE 1 VISITOR ARRIVALS. Total Visitor Arrivals +/ Month / / /18 TABLE 1 VISITOR ARRIVALS Stopover Arrivals +/ Cruise Passengers +/ Total Visitor Arrivals +/ Month 2018 2019 2019/18 2018 2019 2019/18 2018 2019 2019/18 January 194,609 216,509 11.3% 249,635 249,239 0.2%

More information

2008 UK & EUROPEAN MARKETING UPDATE

2008 UK & EUROPEAN MARKETING UPDATE 2008 UK & EUROPEAN MARKETING UPDATE Presented by Julia Hendry Director of Marketing UK & Europe Annual Caribbean Tourism Summit, Washington DC 21-25 June 2008 1 2008 OFF TO A GOOD START Full programme

More information

REGIONAL APPROACHES TO DISASTER RECOVERY AND HERITAGE PRESERVATION BY RITA TJIEN FOOH

REGIONAL APPROACHES TO DISASTER RECOVERY AND HERITAGE PRESERVATION BY RITA TJIEN FOOH REGIONAL APPROACHES TO DISASTER RECOVERY AND HERITAGE PRESERVATION BY RITA TJIEN FOOH BRITISH VIRGIN ISLAND SINT MAARTEN (DUTCH) SAINT MARTIN SAINT MARTIN CARBICA OUTREACH TO MEMBERS AFTER THE HURRICANES

More information

Mainstreaming Biodiversity Considerations into Sustainable Tourism Development & Land Use Planning

Mainstreaming Biodiversity Considerations into Sustainable Tourism Development & Land Use Planning Mainstreaming Biodiversity Considerations into Sustainable Tourism Development & Land Use Planning Deirdre Shurland Coordinator Global Partnership for Sustainable Tourism UNEP Division of Technology, Industry

More information

Regional Governance related to the Marine Environment in the Wider Caribbean

Regional Governance related to the Marine Environment in the Wider Caribbean Regional Governance related to the Marine Environment in the Wider Caribbean Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri Caribbean Environment Programme (CEP) UNEP Kingston, Jamaica Caribbean Environment Programme (CEP)

More information

Ocho Rios, Jamaica GEF-IWCAM AND IABIN INDICATORS MECHANISM WORKSHOP March TNC s Marine Protected Area Work.

Ocho Rios, Jamaica GEF-IWCAM AND IABIN INDICATORS MECHANISM WORKSHOP March TNC s Marine Protected Area Work. TNC s Marine Protected Area Work in the Caribbean GEF-IWCAM AND IABIN INDICATORS MECHANISM WORKSHOP 10-12 March 2008 Ocho Rios, Jamaica Caribbean Decision-Support System 3 years (2003-2006) $2.2 million

More information

Paper for the Consideration by CBSC18. MACHC report

Paper for the Consideration by CBSC18. MACHC report CBSC16-05.1I 16 th MEETING OF THE IHO CAPACITY BUILDING SUB-COMMITTEE IHO-CBSC16 Goa, India, 30 May - 1 June 2018 Submitted by: Executive Summary: Paper for the Consideration by CBSC18 MACHC report MACHC

More information

We, Ministers, assembled in Berlin for the International Conference on Biodiversity and Tourism from 6 to 8 March 1997

We, Ministers, assembled in Berlin for the International Conference on Biodiversity and Tourism from 6 to 8 March 1997 March 8th, 1997 Berlin Declaration BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM We, Ministers, assembled in Berlin for the International Conference on Biodiversity and Tourism from 6 to 8 March 1997 -

More information

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Coastal Transport Infrastructure in Caribbean SIDS

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Coastal Transport Infrastructure in Caribbean SIDS UNCTAD National Workshop Jamaica 30 May 1 June 2017, Kingston, Jamaica Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Coastal Transport Infrastructure in Caribbean SIDS The Convention for the Protection and

More information

Destination Stewardship

Destination Stewardship Destination Stewardship RCL s Framework for Sustainable Miguel Peña, Senior Analyst of Sustainability Programs 22 nd Inter-American Congress of Ministers and High-Level Authorities Bridgetown, Barbados,

More information

Caribbean Challenge Initiative

Caribbean Challenge Initiative Caribbean Challenge Initiative Outline of Presentation 1. Context and history 2. Phase I of CCI 3. Phase II of CCI Origins of CCI Governments increasingly aware of economic values of marine / coastal resources,

More information

CARIBBEAN TOURISM STATISTICAL REPORT Edition

CARIBBEAN TOURISM STATISTICAL REPORT Edition CARIBBEAN TOURISM STATISTICAL REPORT 2016 Edition CARIBBEAN TOURISM ORGANIZATION Seventh Floor, Baobab Tower Warrens, St Michael, BB22026 Barbados Tel.: (246) 427-5242 Website: www.onecaribbean.org E-mail:

More information

ASTA International Destination Expo Puerto Rico 14 th April, Session: Sustainable Tourism and Development: How the Caribbean is Leading the Way!

ASTA International Destination Expo Puerto Rico 14 th April, Session: Sustainable Tourism and Development: How the Caribbean is Leading the Way! The Caribbean Tourism Organization ASTA International Destination Expo Puerto Rico 14 th April, 2011 Session: Sustainable Tourism and Development: How the Caribbean is Leading the Way! CARIBBEAN FACT SHEET

More information

For authorization of the reproduction of CTO works, please contact the CTO at the address and above.

For authorization of the reproduction of CTO works, please contact the CTO at the address and  above. Copyright 2018, Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), 2018. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this

More information

CARIBBEAN SANITATION ISSUES: AN OVERVIEW

CARIBBEAN SANITATION ISSUES: AN OVERVIEW CARIBBEAN SANITATION ISSUES: AN OVERVIEW Presentation on CSD Panel on Gender Sensitive Sanitation Policies United Nations, NY, May 14, 2008 Linnette Vassell, MOWH, Jamaica. COUNTRY SANITATION SURVEY Countries

More information

CARIBBEAN TOURISM ORGANIZATION LATEST STATISTICS December 4, 2014

CARIBBEAN TOURISM ORGANIZATION LATEST STATISTICS December 4, 2014 CARIBBEAN TOURISM ORGANIZATION LATEST STATISTICS 2014 December 4, 2014 FINAL Destination Table 1: Tourist (Stop-over) Arrivals in 2014 Period Tourist Arrivals % Change Overall Winter# Summer# Anguilla

More information

Secondary Education FAIE Annual State Conference Kurt Baumbach, Academic Evaluation Services, Inc. Caribbean Countries

Secondary Education FAIE Annual State Conference Kurt Baumbach, Academic Evaluation Services, Inc. Caribbean Countries Secondary Education 2018 FAIE Annual State Conference Kurt Baumbach, Academic Evaluation Services, Inc. Caribbean Countries Secondary Education - Caribbean Countries Secondary Education - Caribbean Countries

More information

FUTURE FOR DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AS LNG HUB IN THE CARIBBEAN

FUTURE FOR DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AS LNG HUB IN THE CARIBBEAN FUTURE FOR DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AS LNG HUB IN THE CARIBBEAN LNG gc AMERICAS June 2 nd 2017 Houston, Texas by Fernando Gonzalez 1 AGENDA 1./ DOMINICAN REPUBLIC A SUITABLE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION 2./ DRIVERS

More information

Session 1: Tourism Development and Conservation of Island Resources KEY ISSUES FOR SIDS AND ALL ISLAND DESTINATIONS.

Session 1: Tourism Development and Conservation of Island Resources KEY ISSUES FOR SIDS AND ALL ISLAND DESTINATIONS. Session 1: Tourism Development and Conservation of Island Resources KEY ISSUES FOR SIDS AND ALL ISLAND DESTINATIONS Richard Denman A presentation in 2 parts Tourism and Small Island Developing States:

More information

ANGUILLA TOURISM HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2006 VISITOR ARRIVALS 72, % 60.1% Same Day Visitors 94,283. Tourist Arrivals I ( Winter ( Summer

ANGUILLA TOURISM HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2006 VISITOR ARRIVALS 72, % 60.1% Same Day Visitors 94,283. Tourist Arrivals I ( Winter ( Summer ANGUILLA TOURISM HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2006 VISITOR ARRIVALS Tourist Arrivals I ( Winter ( Summer 72,962 39.9% 60.1% Same Day Visitors 94,283 VISITOR PROFILE Average Length of Stay (nights) I 8.0 Tourist Arrivals

More information

Health Impact Assessment on Tourism and. Recreational Water Policies III MACEDONİAN CONGRESS İ PREVENTİVE MEDİCİNE, OHRİD, 4-7 OCTOBER 2006

Health Impact Assessment on Tourism and. Recreational Water Policies III MACEDONİAN CONGRESS İ PREVENTİVE MEDİCİNE, OHRİD, 4-7 OCTOBER 2006 Health Impact Assessment on Tourism and Recreational Water Policies III MACEDONİAN CONGRESS İ PREVENTİVE MEDİCİNE, OHRİD, 4-7 OCTOBER 2006 E.Didem Evci Assist.Prof.Dr., MD.,PhD., Adnan Menderes University,

More information

Regional commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Caribbean)

Regional commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Caribbean) United Nations Environment Programme Twelfth Forum of Ministers of the Environment of Latin America and the Caribbean Bridgetown, Barbados 2 nd to 7 th March 2000 A. Preparatory Meeting of Experts 2 nd

More information

Advancing Sustainable Tourism in the Caribbean Region. October 30-31, A Symposium of the Caribbean Tourism Organization

Advancing Sustainable Tourism in the Caribbean Region. October 30-31, A Symposium of the Caribbean Tourism Organization Advancing Sustainable Tourism in the Caribbean Region A Symposium of the Caribbean Tourism Organization October 30-31, 2012 Mr. Desmond Thomas Lead Economist Overview of the Tourism Sector Contents The

More information

Researched and compiled by Ms. Elvira Doyle, UNDESA, 27 April 2004

Researched and compiled by Ms. Elvira Doyle, UNDESA, 27 April 2004 Status /Overseas THE CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES & REGIONAL ENTITIES United Nations Researched and compiled by Ms. Elvira Doyle, UNDESA, 27 April 2004 CARICOM a/ CARI FORUM b/ ECLAC/ CDCC c/ 1. Anguilla United

More information

For authorization of the reproduction of CTO works, please contact the CTO at the address and above.

For authorization of the reproduction of CTO works, please contact the CTO at the address and  above. Copyright 2018, Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), 2018. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this

More information

TOURIST ARRIVALS REPORT

TOURIST ARRIVALS REPORT No. of Arrivals TOURIST ARRIVALS REPORT Stay Over Arrivals by Market (March, 217) 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, USA UK Caribbean Canada Rest of Europe Germany France Rest of World 216 15,61 6,61 5,57

More information

TOURIST ARRIVALS REPORT

TOURIST ARRIVALS REPORT No. of Arrivals TOURIST ARRIVALS REPORT Stay Over Arrivals by Market (June, 217) 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, USA UK Caribbean Canada Rest of Europe Germany France Rest of World 216 15,24 3,941 4,425

More information

CARIBBEAN ISLANDS 260,671 km 2

CARIBBEAN ISLANDS 260,671 km 2 The Bahamas Havana Cuba Camaguey Santiago de Cuba Dominican Republic Santiago Port-au-Prince San Juan Mexico Jamaica Kingston Haiti Santo Domingo Puerto Rico Venezuela CARIBBEAN ISLANDS 260,671 km 2 BIODIVERSITY

More information

PBN Implementation CAR/NAM Regions

PBN Implementation CAR/NAM Regions Regional Forum Creating More Lift PBN Implementation CAR/NAM Regions Victor Hernandez RO ATM/SAR ICAO North America, Central America and Caribbean Regional Office Project: PBN Implementation Regional Performance

More information

Sustainable development: 'Lanzarote and the Biosphere strategy'. LIFE97 ENV/E/000286

Sustainable development: 'Lanzarote and the Biosphere strategy'. LIFE97 ENV/E/000286 Sustainable development: 'Lanzarote and the Biosphere strategy'. LIFE97 ENV/E/000286 Project description Environmental issues Beneficiaries Administrative data Read more Contact details: Project Manager:

More information

For authorization of the reproduction of CTO works, please contact the CTO at the address and above.

For authorization of the reproduction of CTO works, please contact the CTO at the address and  above. Copyright 2018, Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), 2018. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this

More information

VISITOR ARRIVALS REPORT

VISITOR ARRIVALS REPORT No. of Arrivals VISITOR ARRIVALS REPORT Stay Over Arrivals by Market (September, 217) 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, USA UK Caribbean Canada Rest of Europe Germany France 216 7,91 3,874 4,36 1,134 374 6 114

More information

UNLOCKING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

UNLOCKING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY UNLOCKING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY WHY CHOOSE GREEN KEY? Green Key aims to increase the use of environmentally friendly and sustainable methods of operation and technology in tourism establishments,

More information

IMO/IHO World-Wide Navigational Warning Service NAVAREA IV / XII

IMO/IHO World-Wide Navigational Warning Service NAVAREA IV / XII UNCLASSIFIED IMO/IHO World-Wide Navigational Warning Service NAVAREA IV / XII 10 December 2015 The World-Wide Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS) is the internationally and nationally coordinated service

More information

EU Delegations arrangement in the Caribbean

EU Delegations arrangement in the Caribbean EU Delegations arrangement in the Caribbean 1. Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago and the Dutch Overseas Countries and Territories, CARICOM/CARIFORUM and EPA/CSME Guyana Delegation. 2. BARBADOS, /OECS

More information

TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON TOURISM INVESTMENTS IN THE AMERICAS Asuncion, Paraguay. May 17-18, 2011

TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON TOURISM INVESTMENTS IN THE AMERICAS Asuncion, Paraguay. May 17-18, 2011 TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON TOURISM INVESTMENTS IN THE AMERICAS Asuncion, Paraguay May 17-18, 2011 STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION CONTEXT TOURISM IN THE AMERICAS ROLES OF INSTITUTIONS FOCUS ON OAS AS A MULTILATERAL

More information

UN-GGIM:Americas. UN-GGIM Expanded Bureau Meeting 7-9 December 2016, UN Headquarters New York. Rolando Ocampo President of UN-GGIM:Americas

UN-GGIM:Americas. UN-GGIM Expanded Bureau Meeting 7-9 December 2016, UN Headquarters New York. Rolando Ocampo President of UN-GGIM:Americas UN-GGIM:Americas UN-GGIM Expanded Bureau Meeting 7-9 December 2016, UN Headquarters New York Rolando Ocampo President of UN-GGIM:Americas Antigua and Barbuda 38 Member States Argentina Bahamas Belize Bolivia

More information

ICELANDAIR NICE-REYKJAVIK SURVEY. OPPORTUNITIES SURVEY SOUTH & CENTRAL AMERICA / CARRIBEAN FROM/TO NICE AIRPORT Routes Online 2012

ICELANDAIR NICE-REYKJAVIK SURVEY. OPPORTUNITIES SURVEY SOUTH & CENTRAL AMERICA / CARRIBEAN FROM/TO NICE AIRPORT Routes Online 2012 ICELANDAIR NICE-REYKJAVIK SURVEY OPPORTUNITIES SURVEY SOUTH & CENTRAL AMERICA / CARRIBEAN FROM/TO NICE AIRPORT Routes Online 2012 1 NICESOUTH & CENTR.AM / CARRIBEAN 2 - South & Central Amer. / Carribean

More information

Overview CARIBBEAN MARINE BIODIVERSITY PROGRAM

Overview CARIBBEAN MARINE BIODIVERSITY PROGRAM CARIBBEAN MARINE BIODIVERSITY PROGRAM Overview The Caribbean Marine Biodiversity Program is a five-year project (2014-2019), funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development and The Nature Conservancy,

More information

The U.S. Commercial Service

The U.S. Commercial Service The U.S. Commercial Service Briefing for Americas Business Forum, UCLA, Los Angeles, California U.S. Embassy, Santo Domingo The Caribbean Region: A Sizeable Export Market Caribbean US$17.39 Italy US$16.01

More information

IAC 2011 Cape Town, October th

IAC 2011 Cape Town, October th Cape Town, October 05 05 th Project Partners External Supporters and Sponsors The Problem The Solution Overview S 2 BAS Concept of Operations Architecture Possible Applications Stakeholders Flight Phases

More information

Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), All rights reserved.

Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), All rights reserved. Copyright 2016, Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), 2016. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this

More information

TOURIST ARRIVALS REPORT

TOURIST ARRIVALS REPORT No. of Arrivals TOURIST ARRIVALS REPORT Stay Over Arrivals by Market (, 217) 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, USA UK Caribbean Canada Rest of Europe Germany France Rest of World 216 13,454 5,969 4,154 5,881

More information

Strategies for the design, development and implementation of Marine Protected Areas in Puerto Rico under the Caribbean Coral Reef Institute

Strategies for the design, development and implementation of Marine Protected Areas in Puerto Rico under the Caribbean Coral Reef Institute Strategies for the design, development and implementation of Marine Protected Areas in Puerto Rico under the Caribbean Coral Reef Institute La Parguera, August 4, 2006 Manuel Valdes Pizzini Interdisciplinary

More information

Carnival Glory (GL) Carnival Glory 7 Day Exotic Western Caribbean from Miami, FL Port Day Arrive Depart Port Notes

Carnival Glory (GL) Carnival Glory 7 Day Exotic Western Caribbean from Miami, FL Port Day Arrive Depart Port Notes Carnival Glory (GL) Itineraries listed by Embarkation Home Port, in order of duration. Embarkation Home Port: Carnival Glory 7 Day Exotic Western Caribbean from Miami, FL Georgetown, Grand Cayman, Cayman

More information

INTRODUCTION ITINERARY CUBA & THE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS - JAMAICA ENCOMPASSED TRIP CODE JATSJE DEPARTURE

INTRODUCTION ITINERARY CUBA & THE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS - JAMAICA ENCOMPASSED TRIP CODE JATSJE DEPARTURE INTRODUCTION Escape the all-inclusive resorts and see a side of that few tourists experience on this whirlwind 10-day adventure. Meet true Rastafarians and learn about the original inhabitants of the island

More information

A Survey to Assess the Needs of MPAs in Building Capacity for Effective Management and Coral Reef Conservation

A Survey to Assess the Needs of MPAs in Building Capacity for Effective Management and Coral Reef Conservation A Survey to Assess the Needs of MPAs in Building Capacity for Effective Management and Coral Reef Conservation Tegan Churcher HOFFMANN Ph.D T.C. Hoffmann and Associates, Oakland, CA, USA, www.tchoffmann.com

More information

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Canada. Latin America. Monthly Statistical Report

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Canada. Latin America. Monthly Statistical Report J 2018 V XXV, I 1 Monthly Statistical Report IN 2018 Stopover arrivals up 4.7% US Market up 7.2% Canada up 2.0% Europe up 0.7% Cruise Passenger up by 21.3% TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Stopover arrivals

More information

Countries of the World

Countries of the World As of September 2017 Countries of the World Website: Countries of the World. com https://www.countries-ofthe-world.com/countries-of-north-america.html Website: CIA.gov https://www.cia.gov/index.html Tales

More information

CTO State of the Industry Report Dissecting the Numbers Presented By Ryan Skeete, Director of Research & IT (ag) February 16 th, 2016

CTO State of the Industry Report Dissecting the Numbers Presented By Ryan Skeete, Director of Research & IT (ag) February 16 th, 2016 CTO State of the Industry Report 2015 - Dissecting the Numbers Presented By Ryan Skeete, Director of Research & IT (ag) February 16 th, 2016 Overview: I am going to discuss the Caribbean tourism performance

More information

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Canada. Latin America. Monthly Statistical Report

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Canada. Latin America. Monthly Statistical Report J 2017 V XXV, I 1 Monthly Statistical Report IN 2017 Stopover arrivals up 3.5% US Market up 1.9% Canada up 6.3% Europe up 7.8% Cruise Passenger up by 10.2% TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Stopover arrivals

More information

Strengthening the Ontario Trails Strategy. Report on Consultations and the Environmental Bill of Rights Registry

Strengthening the Ontario Trails Strategy. Report on Consultations and the Environmental Bill of Rights Registry Strengthening the Ontario Trails Strategy Report on Consultations and the Environmental Bill of Rights Registry Purpose To report on the feedback and information received through the regional consultations,

More information

1. Introduction. 2. Basic Fundamentals. 4. Results. 5. Initiatives. 6. Final Conclusions.

1. Introduction. 2. Basic Fundamentals. 4. Results. 5. Initiatives. 6. Final Conclusions. 1 1. Introduction. 2. Basic Fundamentals. 3. Small member states of the OAS, CARICOM and IAD 4. Results. 5. Initiatives. 6. Final Conclusions. 2 THE IADB IS MANDATED BY STATUTE TO ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF

More information

Adequate information for tourism will help us to:

Adequate information for tourism will help us to: 1 Adequate information for tourism will help us to: Provide a realistic diagnosis of the baseline situation: Statistics are required to define the characteristics of our destination, the number of tourists

More information

Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), All rights reserved.

Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), All rights reserved. Copyright 2016, Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), 2016. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this

More information

Brussels Briefing No. 38:

Brussels Briefing No. 38: Brussels Briefing No. 38: Fighting IUU FISHING IN THE CARIBBEAN Milton Haughton Executive Director Presentation Overview IUU Fishing in the Caribbean Common Fisheries Policy Castries Declaration on IUU

More information

Appendix A. PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC STATISTICS

Appendix A. PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC STATISTICS Appendix A. PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC STATISTICS FOR THE CARIBBEAN REGION TABLE A1. CORAL REEF AREA IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN Estimates of Coral Reef Area Reefs at Risk in the World Atlas of Coral Reefs

More information

For authorization of the reproduction of CTO works, please contact the CTO at the address and above.

For authorization of the reproduction of CTO works, please contact the CTO at the address and  above. Copyright 2018, Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), 2018. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this

More information

SPECIAL ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE (SPACC) PROJECT - CARIBBEAN

SPECIAL ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE (SPACC) PROJECT - CARIBBEAN SPECIAL ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE (SPACC) PROJECT - CARIBBEAN UNFCCC Technical Workshop on Costs and Benefits of Adaptation Options under the NWP Madrid, Spain 22 24 June 2010 Carlos Fuller Deputy Director

More information

Business Opportunities in the Caribbean Region. Presented by: Robert Jones Commercial Counselor - Caribbean Region

Business Opportunities in the Caribbean Region. Presented by: Robert Jones Commercial Counselor - Caribbean Region Business Opportunities in the Caribbean Region Presented by: Robert Jones Commercial Counselor - Caribbean Region The Caribbean region imports $20.3 billion of US products and services Jamaica US$2.64

More information

STRATEGY/ACTION PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMA IN THE AFRICA-INDIAN OCEAN REGION 22 NOVEMBER 2003

STRATEGY/ACTION PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMA IN THE AFRICA-INDIAN OCEAN REGION 22 NOVEMBER 2003 STRATEGY/ACTION PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMA IN THE AFRICA-INDIAN OCEAN REGION 22 NOVEMBER 2003 Prepared by the APIRG RVSM Implementation Task Force AFI STRATEGY/ACTION

More information

THE REALITY OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION IN THE CARIBBEAN. Rachel Allen Centre for Marine Science, Jamaica

THE REALITY OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION IN THE CARIBBEAN. Rachel Allen Centre for Marine Science, Jamaica THE REALITY OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION IN THE CARIBBEAN Rachel Allen Centre for Marine Science, Jamaica AS A RESULT: Numerous scientific articles on OA Introduction of Acidification as a issue negotiated at

More information

Airline Capacity in the Caribbean. Michael Lum Air Service Strategy and Development Consultant Sixel Consulting Group, Inc.

Airline Capacity in the Caribbean. Michael Lum Air Service Strategy and Development Consultant Sixel Consulting Group, Inc. Airline Capacity in the Caribbean Michael Lum Air Service Strategy and Development Consultant Sixel Consulting Group, Inc. October 2013 2 Today's Discussion How has airline capacity in the Caribbean changed

More information

NEVIS PREMIUM SCHEDULED SERVICE

NEVIS PREMIUM SCHEDULED SERVICE NEVIS PREMIUM SCHEDULED SERVICE COMFORT, CONVENIENCE, SAFETY San Juan St. Thomas Anguilla ATLANTIC OCEAN St. Barths CARIBBEAN SEA Nevis Antigua SCHEDULED FLIGHTS FROM SAN JUAN Travel in the most modern

More information

Upcoming Adventures

Upcoming Adventures www.singlescruise.com 800.393.5000 April 2018 8 Night Panama Canal Apr 14-22, 2018 Carnival Miracle Ports: Tampa, FL Limón, Costa Rica Panama Canal Partial Transit Grand Cayman, Grand Cayman Islands May

More information

Contact Agent: John Doe

Contact Agent: John Doe April 2018 8 Night Panama Canal Apr 14-22, 2018 Carnival Miracle Ports: Tampa, FL Limón, Costa Rica Panama Canal Partial Transit Grand Cayman, Grand Cayman Islands May 2018 7 Night Hawaii (LAND Based)

More information

Annual Report of Implementation 2017 Citizens summary

Annual Report of Implementation 2017 Citizens summary Annual Report of Implementation 2017 Citizens summary What is INTERREG Caraïbes? An European programme to promote cooperation in the Caribbean. INTERREG Caraïbes provides financial support for projects

More information

Caribbean Day. ICRI General Meeting Monaco Wednesday 13 January 2010

Caribbean Day. ICRI General Meeting Monaco Wednesday 13 January 2010 Caribbean Day ICRI General Meeting Monaco Wednesday 13 January 2010 The Wider Caribbean ICRI General Meeting Special Session The Wider Caribbean includes Brazil for ICRI Wednesday January 13th - Caribbean

More information

BABIA GÓRA DECLARATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MOUNTAIN AREAS

BABIA GÓRA DECLARATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MOUNTAIN AREAS BABIA GÓRA DECLARATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MOUNTAIN AREAS The participants of the International Workshop for CEE Countries Tourism in Mountain Areas and the Convention on Biological Diversity",

More information

Caribbean EVDO & CDMA Roaming Market: Potential Revenue:

Caribbean EVDO & CDMA Roaming Market: Potential Revenue: Caribbean EVDO & CDMA Roaming Market: Potential Revenue: 2005 2010 Jose F. Otero Signals Telecom Consulting CDMA Roaming Forum Rio de Janeiro, Brazil April 18, 2005 Prepared for: About Signals Founded

More information

Caribbean Water and Wastewater Association EXECUTIVE REPORT OCTOBER SEPTEMBER 2012

Caribbean Water and Wastewater Association EXECUTIVE REPORT OCTOBER SEPTEMBER 2012 Caribbean Water and Wastewater Association EXECUTIVE REPORT OCTOBER 2011 - SEPTEMBER 2012 AGENDA 1. Meet the Executives 2. Executive Meeting Report 3. 20 th Annual Conference and Exhibition Overview 4.

More information

Lessons Learned from 50 Years of Cruise Tourism in the Caribbean

Lessons Learned from 50 Years of Cruise Tourism in the Caribbean Lessons Learned from 50 Years of Cruise Tourism in the Caribbean PRESENTED BY: MARTHA HONEY, PH.D., EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR CENTER FOR RESPONSIBLE TRAVEL (CREST) SESSION 1: NOVEMBER 27, 2017, TOURISM & SUSTAINABILITY

More information

The OECS was hardest hit by reduced arrivals showing an overall 12.3% decline in 2009

The OECS was hardest hit by reduced arrivals showing an overall 12.3% decline in 2009 CTO Media Conference Feb. 8, 2010, 9AM EST Caribbean Tourism Overview 2009 1. Wider Caribbean Region Tourists arrivals in the Caribbean are on the rebound. Although aggregate tourist arrivals to the wider

More information

(No. 48) (Approved July 31, 2009) AN ACT

(No. 48) (Approved July 31, 2009) AN ACT (H. B. 779) (No. 48) (Approved July 31, 2009) AN ACT To create the Special San Juan Bay Estuary Fund, for the purposes of restoring the Estuary s bodies of water by developing initiatives that shall include

More information

~s study deals with two island economies that are much separated

~s study deals with two island economies that are much separated CONCLUSION Ecotourism is 'environment- friendly' tourism which promtses to fulfill dual goals of economic development and the conservation of natural environment. It is the fastest growing segment of international

More information

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Latin America. Canada. Monthly Statistical Report USA 64.4% Canada 16.9% UK 9.4% All Other 2.

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Latin America. Canada. Monthly Statistical Report USA 64.4% Canada 16.9% UK 9.4% All Other 2. N 2017 V XXV, I 11 Monthly Statistical Report IN NOVEMBER 2017 Stopover arrivals up 14.7% US Market up 18.6% Canada up 12.5% Europe up 5.2% Cruise Passenger up by 47.2% TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Stopover

More information

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Canada. Latin America. Monthly Statistical Report USA 66.0% Canada 15.9% UK 8.8% All Other 2.

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Canada. Latin America. Monthly Statistical Report USA 66.0% Canada 15.9% UK 8.8% All Other 2. N 2018 V XXV, I 11 Monthly Statistical Report IN NOVEMBER 2018 Stopover arrivals up 5.1% US Market up 9.0% Canada down 6.5% Europe up 4.6% Cruise Passenger down by 26.1% TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Stopover

More information

Sustainable Tourism at the Rainforest Alliance: Global Partnerships Benefit Economies and Ecosystems in Latin America

Sustainable Tourism at the Rainforest Alliance: Global Partnerships Benefit Economies and Ecosystems in Latin America Sustainable Tourism at the Rainforest Alliance: Global Partnerships Benefit Economies and Ecosystems in Latin America New York, NY Copyright 2007. Rainforest Alliance June 2007 Sunday, June 17, 2007 Rainforest

More information

Caribbean Tourism Organization

Caribbean Tourism Organization Caribbean Tourism Organization 2017 year-to-date (Jan-Oct.) & Forward looking for next 6 months --- A focus on Travel Agencies Air reservation WTM - November 2017 SERVING MARKETS COVERED Retailers Financials

More information

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Canada. Latin America. Monthly Statistical Report USA 66.5% Canada 16.5% UK 8.2% All. Other 2.

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Canada. Latin America. Monthly Statistical Report USA 66.5% Canada 16.5% UK 8.2% All. Other 2. J 2018 V XXV, I 7 Monthly Statistical Report IN JULY 2018 Stopover arrivals up 3.4% US Market up 4.6% Canada down 2.0% Europe down 0.2% Cruise Passenger down by 5.4% TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Stopover

More information

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Latin America. Canada. Monthly Statistical Report

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Latin America. Canada. Monthly Statistical Report F 2017 V XXV, I 2 Monthly Statistical Report IN FEBRUARY 2017 Stopover arrivals up 0.8% US Market flat -0.4% Canada up 2.6% Europe down 1.4% Cruise Passenger down by 2.4% TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Stopover

More information

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Latin America. Canada. Monthly Statistical Report USA 64.2% Canada 17.2% UK 9.3% All Other 2.

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Latin America. Canada. Monthly Statistical Report USA 64.2% Canada 17.2% UK 9.3% All Other 2. D 2017 V XXV, I 12 Monthly Statistical Report IN DECEMBER 2017 Stopover arrivals up 9.3% US Market up 9.4% Canada up 10.5% Europe up 9.0% Cruise Passenger up by 14.2% TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Stopover

More information

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Latin America. Canada. Monthly Statistical Report USA 65.0% Canada 16.7% UK 9.2% All Other 2.

TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Europe. United States. Latin America. Canada. Monthly Statistical Report USA 65.0% Canada 16.7% UK 9.2% All Other 2. S 2017 V XXV, I 9 Monthly Statistical Report IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Stopover arrivals up 9.2% US Market up 3.2% Canada up 25.6% Europe up 20.5% Cruise Passenger up by 54.1% TOURIST (Stopover Arrivals) Stopover

More information

JAMAICA - IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMS) FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM CASE #153

JAMAICA - IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMS) FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM CASE #153 JAMAICA - IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMS) FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM CASE #153 ABSTRACT Description As the tourism industry continues to grow, the coastal ecosystems that attract many

More information