Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems with LNTE 50 Hz and 60 Hz
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1 PLEASANT RIDGE EXHIBIT 15 Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems with LNTE 50 Hz and 60 Hz Noise-Reduced Operation according to IEC Incl. Octave Band Spectra Incl. 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra imagination at work.
2 Visit us at Copyright and patent rights This document is to be treated confidentially. It may only be made accessible to authorized persons. It may only be made available to third parties with the expressed written consent of General Electric Company. All documents are copyrighted within the meaning of the Copyright Act. The transmission and reproduction of the documents, also in extracts, as well as the exploitation and communication of the contents are not allowed without express written consent. Contraventions are liable to prosecution and compensation for damage. We reserve all rights for the exercise of commercial patent rights General Electric Company. All rights reserved. GE and are trademarks and service marks of General Electric Company. Other company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. imagination at work _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx.
3 Table of Contents 1 Introduction Sound Power Levels Sound Power Level as a Function of Wind Speed Uncertainty Levels Tonality IEC and IEC/TS Terminology Octave Band Spectra and 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra References... 8 Annex I Octave Band Spectra - 80 m hub height... 9 Annex II 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra - 80 m hub height _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx x
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5 1 Introduction Thanks to its plant control system, the with Low Noise Trailing Edge (LNTE) is able to enter noisereduced operating mode (NRO = Noise-Reduced Operation) without any manual intervention. This is not a compulsory fixed operating point, but a range below normal nominal operation that can be defined by means of parameter settings. With the aid of the control system the turbine can be switched to noise-reduced mode, usually depending on the time of day, e.g. NRO at nighttime and normal operation at daytime. The noise emitted by the with LNTE is predominantly determined by the aerodynamic broadband noise of the rotor blades, which is directly dependent on the circumferential or blade tip speed. Blade noise increases with increasing wind speed until rated power is reached. The sound power level can be lowered by reducing the rotor speed, thus lowering and limiting the tip speed. The rated power level is reduced accordingly, which has a secondary positive effect on the noise level through earlier blade pitching. In the upper wind speed range at the benefit of lower noise levels, there is some loss in energy yield because of the reduction in power level. Controller parameter settings determine at which maximum noise emission level the turbine operates. Reference values for various reduced sound power levels are given further on in the document. It is always possible to determine compliance of the actual operating mode with the set operating mode as the control system constantly records the operating data on the system computer. This could be useful in meeting possible requirements issued by the monitoring authorities. Noise-reduced operation (NRO) is enabled in a time-controlled manner via a leaded time switch. The most significant data are: P_Act N_Rot 10 minutes mean value of electrical active power 10 minutes mean value of rotor speed The two-stored parameter values thus provide clear and traceable evidence of the noise-reduced operational mode. A retrospective check of the installed system can be carried out by evaluating up to three months of recorded data _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 5/16
6 2 Sound Power Levels Following are 10 minute mean values of nominal power and rotor speed for the with LNTE turbine at different reference sound power levels (L WA) with an uncertainty of 2 %. Baseline NRO100 NRO101 NRO102 NRO103 NRO104 Rotor Speed [rpm] Rated Power [kw] Noise Level LWA (db) Table 1: Noise-reduced operation modes 3 Sound Power Level as a Function of Wind Speed The following table presents calculated reference sound power levels as a function of hub height wind. Wind speed at hub height (m/s) NRO 100 LWA (db) NRO 101 LWA (db) NRO 102 LWA (db) NRO 103 LWA (db) NRO 104 LWA (db) cutout Table 2: Reference sound power levels The corresponding wind speed at 10 m height depends on hub height. It can be calculated for a given surface roughness using a logarithmic trend for wind shear: V V ln 10m z0 ln hub height z 10m height hub * Typical values for on land surface roughness (z 0) are 0.05 m, depending on terrain conditions. 0 * Simplified from IEC : 2006 equation _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 6/16
7 4 Uncertainty Levels The apparent sound power levels given above are calculated mean levels. If a wind turbine noise performance test is carried out, it needs to be done in accordance with the regulations of the international standard IEC , ed. 2.1: Uncertainty levels associated with measurements are described in IEC/TS Per IEC/TS , L WAd is the maximum apparent sound power level for 95 % confidence level resulting from n measurements performed according to IEC standard: L Wad = L WA + K, where L WA is the mean apparent sound power level from IEC testing reports and K = σ T. The testing standard deviation values σ T, σ R and σ P for measured apparent sound power level are described by IEC/TS , where σ T is the total standard deviation, σ P is the standard deviation for product variation and σ R is the standard deviation for test reproducibility. Assuming σ R < 0.8 db and σ P < 0.8 db as typical values leads to a calculated K < 2 db for 95 % confidence level. 5 Tonality The tonal audibility (L a,k), when measured in accordance with the IEC standard, for the GE s with LNTE is less than or equal to 4 db. 6 IEC and IEC/TS Terminology L WA,k is wind turbine apparent sound power level (referenced to W) measured with A-weighting as function of reference wind speed v 10m. Derived from multiple measurement reports per IEC , it is considered as a mean value σ P is the product variation i.e. the with LNTE unit-to-unit product variation; typically < 0.8 db σ R is the overall measurement testing reproducibility as defined per IEC ; typically < 0.8 db with adequate measurement conditions and sufficient amount of data samples σ T is the total standard deviation combining both σ P and σ R K = σ T is defined by IEC/TS for 95 % confidence level R o is the ground measuring distance from the wind turbine tower axis per IEC , which shall equal the hub height plus half the rotor diameter L a, k is the tonal audibility according to IEC , described as potentially audible narrow band sound 7 Octave Band Spectra and 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra The tables in Annex I are showing octave band values for different noise-reduced operational modes at different wind speeds. The tables in Annex II are showing the 1/3 rd octave band values for different noise-reduced operational modes at different wind speeds _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 7/16
8 8 References IEC , Wind turbines part 1: Design requirements, ed. 3, IEC , wind turbine generator systems part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques, ed. 2.1, IEC/TS , Wind turbines part 14: Declaration of apparent sound power level and tonality values, ed. 1, MNPT Machine Noise Performance Test, Technical documentation _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 8/16
9 Annex I Octave Band Spectra - 80 m hub height with LNTE NRO 104 Octave Band Spectra (db) Table 3: Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness length of 0.05 m with LNTE NRO 103 Octave Band Spectra Table 4: Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness length of 0.05 m _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 9/16
10 with LNTE NRO 102 Octave Band Spectra Table 5: Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness length of 0.05 m with LNTE NRO 101 Octave Band Spectra Table 6: Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness length of 0.05 m _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 10/16
11 with LNTE NRO 100 Octave Band Spectra Table 7: Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness length of 0.05 m _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 11/16
12 Annex II 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra - 80 m hub height with LNTE NRO 104 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra Table 8: 1/3 rd Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness lenght of 0.05 m _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 12/16
13 with LNTE NRO 103 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra Table 9: 1/3 rd Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness lenght of 0.05 m _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 13/16
14 with LNTE NRO 102 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra Table 10: 1/3 rd Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness lenght of 0.05 m _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 14/16
15 with LNTE NRO 101 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra Table 11: 1/3 rd Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness lenght of 0.05 m _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 15/16
16 with LNTE NRO 100 1/3 rd Octave Band Spectra Table 12: 1/3 rd Octave Spectra for with LNTE NRO hub height wind speeds were calculated based on equation (7) from IEC standard :2006. using a representative roughness lenght of 0.05 m _xxHz_SCD_allComp_NRO_IEC_LNTE.ENxxx.00.docx 16/16
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