Welcome.

Transcription

1 Welcome Technology Informatics Design Endeavour (TIDE), # 19th 9th Cross, 6th Main, Malleshwaram Bangalore Website: Ph: ; tide@vsnl.com IRDWST 1

2 TIDE A not for profit society Vision: To facilitate sustainable development through technology intervention Focus Areas Renewable Energy/Energy Efficiency Competence in rural energy access (household energy and biomass energy for small businesses) and energy efficiency Women & livelihoods New livelihood options leading to social and economic empowerment of women, breaking gender stereotypes. Water - Technology interventions for partial water security in households and for communities, institutions and agriculture. Training and capacity building Techniques for awareness creation, community participation and inclusive processes; technical training in adoption of new technology. September 2013, ETC 2 TIDE completed 20 years in May 2013

3 Glimpse of our work in other focus areas RE / EE Low carbon technologies disseminated through community initiatives Impact of clean cook stoves Development of fuel efficient cook stoves for domestic and commercial stove, for artisanal industries Water / Environment Ground water management and rain water harvesting Micro water shed management Cross cutting Nutrition augmentation in mid day meals Creation of livelihoods through environmental stewardship September 2013, ETC 3

4 About TIDE Implemented over 200 projects, in the interface of technology and community 30 technologies and products developed from the idea stage to securing livelihoods Entrepreneurs nurtured by TIDE in the past 10 years have had a total turnover of about 7 crores and earned profits of about 1 crore. 2/19/2015 4

5 Technology linked entrepreneurship spun Grassroot entrepreneurs Onsite construction of areca, jaggery, ayurvedic, textile, silk reeling, bath water etc. stoves Manufacturing of water heaters, dryers RWH trained masons off by TIDE Women s enterprises Household stoves Drying based enterprises Lighting entrepreneurs Green house horticulture Areca leaf plate making Brick making TIDE presentation 5

6 What can you do to make rural home kitchens safe & smokeless? Technology Informatics Design Endeavour (TIDE) #19, 9 th Cross, Malleswaram, Bangalore Tel: ; Fax: E mail: tide@vsnl.com ; info@tide-india.org 6

7 Hazards of using inefficient stoves Health hazards of smoke 4 million people die every year through exposure to smoke from kitchen fires The Lancet As per WHO, 488,200 deaths per year in India can be attributed to IAP ~400 million people in India (of which 90% are women) are exposed to the negative health impacts associated with indoor air pollution from inefficient cook stoves, resulting in respiratory, pulmonary and vision problems. Other negative impacts In addition to the health impacts, inefficient cook stoves and practices entails that women spend up to ~5-8 hours per day on cooking activities, with ~20% of that time devoted to the collection of fuel. Loss of economic opportunities Ref: Indian Cook stoves and Fuel Markets assessment (Dalberg Global Development Advisors, Feb _User_acceptance_of_improved_stoves_in_Uttar_Pradesh,_Bihar_and_West-Bengal_-_Gaurav_Mehta_%26_Vinay_Jaju.pdf WHO Factsheet - 7

8 Biomass Wood remains the largest biomass energy source to this date. Biomass fuels used in India account for about one third of the total fuel used in the country, being the most important fuel used in over 90% of the rural households and about 15% of the urban households. 2/19/2015 8

9 DEFORESTATION Deforestation is clearing Earth's forests on a massive scale The world s rain forests could completely vanish in a hundred years at the current rate of deforestation slash and burn Effects of deforestation Soil erosion destruction Water Cycle Loss of Biodiversity Climate Change 2/19/2015 9

10 CLIMATE CHANGE 1. Climate change refers to general changes in climate patterns, including temperature, precipitation, winds, and other factors 2. A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. 3. Global warming is also used to refer to increases in average temperature of the air and sea 2/19/

11 So it appears that use of firewood for cooking in rural areas is inevitable in the near future.

12 Research Background High dependency on solid biomass fuel in South Asia for cooking Percentage of South Asian households using solid biomass fuel for cooking 2/19/

13 Predominance of mud stoves... The analysis of cooking practices (in India) highlighted that virtually all households used traditional cook stoves made of brick and/or mud as their primary cook stoves. Ref: The Kaleidoscope of Cooking Understanding Cooking Behaviour and Stove - Preferences in Rural India, April

14 Why clean cooking? In India 668 million people depend on traditional biomass for cooking Cooking on open fires is unsafe, a health hazard especially for women; also contributing to depletion of biomass resource and CO 2 emission Inefficient cooking practices is a big environmental problem and a health risk. 2/19/

15 Improved cook stoves Cook stoves are commonly used for cooking and heating food in developing countries.... A cook stove is heated by burning wood, charcoal, cow dung or crop residue. 2/19/

16 What do women want from a stove Cooking should finish fast No smoke should be emitted Vessels should be clean and easy to wash Kitchen walls should be clean Health of family and self should not be affected Should be able to cook large and small quantities Stove should be easy to maintain

17 Various stoves used Kerosene stove Solar cooker LPG stove Electric stove

18 Drawbacks of these stoves LPG (gas) is costly, not easily accessible in villages, is a non renewable energy resource Kerosene is not easily available, not very clean, not too safe, is a non renewable energy resource Electricity is not always available, is costly Solar cooker takes time to cook and is not very efficient in rainy season.

19 Smoke Black walls Sooty Vessels Conventional Biomass Stoves: Cooking takes a long time Lot of fuel (wood/biomass) is used. Kitchen becomes very hot Causes health problems Problems

20 Part 1 Introduction to Smokeless Stoves

21 SMOKE

22 Black walls

23 Sooty vessels

24 Health hazards of smoke Eyes water and become red, become susceptible to infections In the long term can impair vision Cough, Breathing problems Susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections Headaches

25 Smokeless Household stoves/sarala Stove Sarala stove. 25

26 Sarala stove 2-pan stove with 1 fuel feeding port Requires less space- 2.5 ft x 1.5 feet Cost of stove is low, because it is built with locally available materials: mud, bricks, ACC pipe, grate, frame. Building is easy, maintenance is easy Efficiency upto 30%. Any agro waste can be used as fuel.

27 Smokeless household stoves Smokeless household stoves are more fuel efficient than the conventional stoves with fuel efficiency up to 30%. Annually 500 kg of fuel wood can be saved from each stove. By constructing of 1000 stoves annually saves the 500 tones of firewood. If kerosene is used for cooking, a household uses a minimum of 15 litres of kerosene a month for cooking alone. The project will conserve litres of kerosene a year by building 1000 smokeless stoves. Smokeless household stoves consist 2 pan stove with 1 fuel feeding port. This requires less space-2.5 ft x 1.5 feet. Construction and maintenance is also easy & any agro waste can be used as fuel. 27

28 Benefits of Smokeless Stoves No smoke, so is healthy. Cooking is faster. Clean vessels and kitchen. Saves fuel. Fuel is renewable. Any agro waste can be used as fuel. Cost of stove is low, because it is built with locally available materials: mud, bricks, ACC pipe, fuel frame, and grate. Building is easy, maintenance is easy onsite construction. Efficiency 30%. 28

29 Some smokeless stoves Biomass burning smokeless stoves being used: Sarala stove Envirofit stove Astra stove

30 Material required for one stove Material 4 diameter, 10 ft length AC pipe 1 Quantity. 6 x6 Cast Iron grate 1 Mud /Soil 15 vessels Sand 5 vessels Red tiles 4 pieces Bricks 25 Fuel feeding frame 6 x6 x6 (I_I) 1 30

31 Different Types of Improved Cook stoves Types of stoves smokeless household chullas (Sarala stove ICS) Descriptions Improved mud stove (onsite construction using mould) with chimney. Emission driven out of the house. Safe, life more & maintenance is easy, cost effective. Non farming livelihood option for women. Maintenance ownership by women. Chulika ICS Greenway ICS Gram Panchyat ICS Envirofit ICS Portable metal stoves (factory produced without chimney) Factory produced stove made from mild steel, insulation, portable stoves Factory produced stove made from mild steel, portable stoves. Improved mud stove built on site by trained mason with chimney Portable metal stoves, factory produced Usually single pan and so cannot cook two dishes simultaneously on a single stove with a single heat source. Lower life depending on usage 31

32 Benefits of smokeless stoves No smoke, so is healthy Cooking is faster Fuel is saved Clean vessels and kitchen Fuel (Biomass) is available easily and is renewable energy.

33 Outputs: Focus on training rural women as stove builders master trainers in stove construction Capacity building of women in construction of smokeless stoves & Marketing the stoves.

34 Smokeless household stoves & Women. More than sarala stove built by successful stove Entrepreneur Mrs. Kathyayini over a 11 years. 10 villages converted into smokeless villages. Energy needs met: Clean stove, reduced fuel usage, fast cooking, Enhanced income for stove entrepreneursamounting to Rs /- Strategic interests secured: Time saved Reduction in drudgery of fuel collection, cleaning vessels Increased productivity Improvement in the health of the women and their families. Empowerment: Women have spare time and they decide how they would like to use this time, Stove entrepreneurs manage enterprise activities Enhanced status in the community. Women become more confident and are able to meet other challenges as well. 34

35 Mrs. Lalithabai, a stove Entrepreneur. Awarded Woman Exemplar in 2007 by Confederation of Indian Industry. Built more than stoves in about 11 years. Stove entrepreneurship enabled her daughter to complete her education and get a job as a government school teacher. 35

36 Part 2 Building a Sarala stove: Step by step guide

37 Chapter 1 Parts of the mould

38 1 st and 2 nd plates of mould

39 Right and left plates of the mould

40 1st mould ring

41 2 nd mould ring

42 1 st smoke box

43 2 nd smoke box

44 3 rd smoke box

45 Locking rods for plates

46 Locking rods for rings

47 Grate

48 Chapter 2 Assembling the mould

49 Identify the place for the stove Clean and level the ground Sprinkle water Preparing the ground

50 Apply oil to the inner sides of the 4 mould plates

51 Assemble the mould plates in the prepared place

52 Lock the plates using the locking rods

53 Chapter 3 Building the stove

54 Place 3 bricks as shown

55 Place the grate on the bricks

56 Place another brick next to the grate

57 Fix the first ring in the slots provided in the mould. Lock the ring using the locking rod.

58 The locked ring will look like this

59 Prepare mud for the stove. The mud should be mixed with water until it is like chapati dough.

60 Pack the mould with the prepared mud. The mud should be packed tightly.

61 Fix the 1 st smoke box

62 Fix the 2 nd smoke box to the 1 st smoke box

63 Now, fix the 2 nd ring in the given slots

64 Construction of Sarala stove

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67 Lock the 2 nd ring with its locking rod

68 Fix the 3 rd smoke box next to the 2 nd ring

69 Place a piece of tile between the 2 rings and another piece above the 3 rd smoke box.

70 Pack the mould with prepared mud. Pack the mud tightly and make the top even.

71 Now, remove the locking rod of the first ring.

72 Remove the first ring carefully

73 Remove the locking rod of the 2 nd ring

74 Remove the 2 nd ring carefully

75 Slide out the 1 st smoke box

76 Then remove the 2 nd smoke box

77 Place the pan rings at this stage if using.

78 Fix 2 nd pan ring

79 Put the surface of the mud with mud and water to make it even.

80 Now remove the 4 locking rods of the mould plates

81 Remove the front and back plates of the mould one by one.

82 After removing the front and back plates, remove the side plates.

83 Slide out the 3 rd smoke box from the side.

84 Pack the gap between the wall and the stove with mud and make it smooth

85 Make the fuel feeding port by removing mud and making a 6x6 square opening in the front, below the 1 st ring

86 Make the sides smooth and remove any mud that is fallen on the grate

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88 Make a hump with mud in the second pan. It should look like this from the top.

89 To make the chimney, make a platfrom with bricks and mud next to the stove until it reaches the stove height

90 Place four bricke on the two sides of the platform. Leaving a space in the middle.pack mud on it.

91 Make a small platform in front of the fuel port to make it easy to place fuel while burning

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94 Remove a few tiles from the roof to allow the ACC pipe to go out of the house

95 Now, place the ACC pipe at the back of the chimney platform

96 Fix the chimney and plaster the platform with mud

97 The stove looks like this, with chimney and priming hole. Priming hole

98 The priming hole can be closed when the stove is being used. It should be opened when cleaning the chimeny, to remove the dirt.

99 View of grate from top

100 Part 3 Maintenance of the stove

101 Smear the stove with cow dung every week. If the stove is plastered with cement after building, this is not required.

102 Clean the chimney pipe regularly using a cloth tied to a long stick, to avoid blockage.

103 Clean out the ash and dirt that falls from the chimney from the priming hole.

104 Do not stuff the fuel port with fuel. Use only the amount that is required.

105 THANK YOU