A new approach to Improved Stoves

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1 A new approach to Improved Stoves The example of Mongolia and Haiti Robert J. van der Plas

2 Outline Summary historic overview of urban stove programs (non-complete) New approach for future stove programs Example of this approach Case study of Mongolia (space heating) Haiti (urban cooking)

Households to automatically adopt this model Penetration rate Result: Failure

3 1 st Generation Stove Programs (Urban) 1980s Halt deforestation Laboratory developed One size fits all, selected by donor Highly subsidized Expected result Households to automatically adopt this model Penetration rate Result: Failure Success: China project duration 1st generation

2 nd Generation Stove Programs 1990s and beyond Deforestation & social benefits Laboratory developed, user tested + feedback Different models per country or within Donor selects the stove model Not

4 2 nd Generation Stove Programs 1990s and beyond Deforestation & social benefits Laboratory developed, user tested + feedback Different models per country or within Donor selects the stove model Not subsidized but promotion and market development Beneficiary now needs to buy it at cost Sustainability expected due to commercial approach Result: General Failure Success: Kenya, Rwanda, Madagascar, Guatamala, Sri Lanka Penetration rate project duration 2nd generation

Madagascar Mitsitse Rwanda Canamake + Rondereza Sri Lanka 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Penetration rate project

5 next generation is needed What are lessons learnt so far? Very few success stories China, but not replicable Guatemala Kenya, KCJ Ethiopia, Lakech + Mirte Mali, Sewa Madagascar Mitsitse Rwanda Canamake + Rondereza Sri Lanka Penetration rate project duration 3rd generation 10 Acceptance is good during project period but dwindles soon thereafter Despite considerable savings/ short payback

distinguishable from traditional stoves Form

6 Common Success Factors Good acceptance Better performance Appearance, looks Modernity Easily distinguishable from traditional stoves Form (KCJ, Lakech) Color (Mitsitse) Label (Rondereza)

stoves are needed, why they need to be certified, where to obtain, how they look like, etc Very important: how to use correctly Develop demand for better stoves But no pre-selection of certain

7 3 rd generation stove programs? Focus on quality & characteristics of generic efficient stove models National stove standard Performance (fuel use, IAP, CO 2 emissions) Quality label/certification Awareness raising Why new stoves are needed, why they need to be certified, where to obtain, how they look like, etc Very important: how to use correctly Develop demand for better stoves But no pre-selection of certain stove models Verification of quality + performance Capacity building to develop certified models if needed Not trivial: many programs failed to do this! ex: Uganda Subsidy - if funds are available Allowing better, more expensive stoves to be used Higher subsidy for better performing stove Different mechanisms possible directly to the household In the form of a voucher

8 Mongolia Heating Stoves» Rampant Air Pollution from peri-urban Ger Districts

Of which 40-45% in a Ger Rapid periurban growth (10-20k

9 Ulaanbaatar Coldest capital in the World Population about 1 million 40-50% lives in Ger districts 140,000 households Of which 40-45% in a Ger Rapid periurban growth (10-20k households/yr) Brown coal + wood use for heating Smog inversion

10 GEF Improved Stove Program 16,000 stoves OBA NGO, distribution center Doesn t compensate for peri-urban influx New approach need to scale up

11 Haiti Most deforested country in Western Hemisphere Border Haiti - Dominican Republic visible 80% of Haitians live below the absolute poverty line Urban charcoal market: US$175 million/yr (PaP)

ESMAP Energy Strategy Study (2005) Use energy

production Imports Import/produce substitute

produced substitute fuels Briquettes, ethanol

productivity, better management, planting)

12 ESMAP Energy Strategy Study (2005) Use energy efficient equipment More professional production Imports Import/produce substitute fuels LPG, kerosene, coal Promote locally produced substitute fuels Briquettes, ethanol Increase supply of woodfuels (increased productivity, better management, planting) Farmers fields Watershed protection areas Regulatory, legislative, fiscal measures

13 Mechanism in Practice (3 rd generation stove programs) Publicity campaign households Certification Energy efficient cooking/heating equipment in general Professional supply chain Verification

14 Mechanism in Practice Publicity campaign Subsidy New stove voucher households Certification better stove models Political priority: air pollution in Ulaanbaatar Therefore: subsidy to all households available Verification Haiti: deforestation is serious, but not declared enough of a political priority to make a subsidy available

15 Mechanism in Practice Publicity campaign Subsidy New stove voucher households Certification good stove models Political priority: air pollution in Ulaanbaatar Therefore: subsidy to all households available Verification Haiti: deforestation is serious, but not declared enough of a political priority to make a subsidy available

16 Publicity campaign Subsidy New stove voucher households Request new stove models Laboratory testing Certification -Stoves -Producers Certified proprietary stove models National stove standard Testing protocol Certified open source stove models & producers Verification

17 Publicity campaign Subsidy New stove voucher households Request new stove models Laboratory testing Certification -Stoves -Producers Certified proprietary stove models National stove standard Testing protocol Certified open source stove models & producers Replace old Stove voucher Verification

18 Benefits A range of better stoves available to users Cheap to expensive More professional actors in supply chain Imported stoves are optional Different fuels can be included Quality & Verification system allows beneficiary choice Voucher system designed for OBA & other forms of donor assistance Better stoves could benefit from larger subsidy Carbon savings are easier to verify

Improved Household Cooking in the Millennium Villages

Improved Household Cooking in the Millennium Villages Kate Kennedy Freeman, Junior Kanu, Peter Koinei, Vijay Modi 2009 PCIA FORUM Key Message The Millennium Village Project (MVP) model recognizes that