(First few minutes of interview were not recorded by camera, but were transcribed from an audio tape that was recorded at the same time)

Transcription

1 ALBERTA M. MARLATT. Born Transcript of OH 1220V. This interview was recorded at 613 Loomis Court, Longmont, Colorado 80501, for the Boulder County Parks and Open Space Department. A copy of the interview is archived with the Maria Rogers Oral History Program The interviewer is Anne Dyni. The interview also is available on video tape, filmed by Anne Dyni. [A]. (First few minutes of interview were not recorded by camera, but were transcribed from an audio tape that was recorded at the same time) A.D. The date is July 2, My name is Anne Dyni and I'm interviewing Alberta Marlatt of 613 Loomis Court, Longmont. Alberta, when and where were you born? A.M. I was born in Longmont on Collyer Street, Do I have to tell you the year? A.D. Uh, that would be nice if you don't mind. A.M A.D. Were you born in the Longmont Hospital? A.M. No, there was a house, I believe at 5th and Collyer, that I believe Dr. White used as a hospital. That's where I was born. A.D. So it was not a hospital. A.M. Not a true hospital, no. A.D. How did it differ? A.M. Well, it was more like a doctor's office, I presume. A.D. Did your mother ever talk about that experience? How long she stayed there? A.M. No, she really didn't. I was the last of six, so you know I guess she didn't have time to talk about those things. A.D. (Chuckle) Did you grow up on a farm? A.M. Pretty much, yes. We lived in the Firestone area and my father farmed, rented farms for Miller and Grant you've heard of those names in Longmont. Well, they had lots of

2 farms and they still do. The family still do. But anyway, my father died when I was about four and left three older children and three younger children. So my mother took the 3 younger children back to her home farm in Missouri. And so I was raised I was in Missouri about 10 years and came back out here in 1935, I think. I finished high school here and graduated from high school. A.D. What were your parents' names? A.M. James and Lilly Walker. A.D. Where did they come from? A.M. Oh, I'd have to stop and think. My mother's home was in Missouri as was my father's, but I think probably my father came from Illinois and I do have some of that information but it's not on the tip of my tongue. A.D. Do you know when they came here? A.M. I don't think I do. Probably in 1917, something like that. I'm just guessing. A.D. Had they started their family at that time? A.M. I can probably connect some of those dates. It was after I had a sister born just before 1900 and one born just after And then another one later, and those three were youngsters when they came. So it was early 1900s. (Video recording begins here) 00:00 A.D. When did you meet your husband and what was his name or IS his name? A.M. His name is Willis Marlatt, and his family he was born in Nebraska. Then his family went to the Haxtun area in about 1917 or '18. Then they got tired of grasshoppers and dust storms and dry weather and all of that, and came up to Hygiene area and bought a farm just south of Hygiene. That's where he was living at the time I met him and I went there with some other young people for an MYF meeting one night. A.D. When was this? A.M. Probably about 1939, something like that. A.D. MYF. Is that Methodist Youth Fellowship? A.M. Methodist Youth Fellowship, right. A.D. Tell me about Hygiene in those days. What was that like?

3 A.M. Well, I don't know that I can remember too much about Hygiene at that time. Of course it's always been just a one-street, main street, mostly. I believe there was a store there at that time. It had a post office and probably a gas station. The church was there. That church has been there since I believe It's hard to single out just what it was like at that time and sort out the changes in the ensuing years. A.D. Well, I'll get back to the changes in the ensuing years. A.M. There was the school. The school was there quite a long time. A.D. OK, that's the school on 75th? A.M. Yes, on the east side. It was an 8-grade school for a long time. 8 grades for a long time. And then consolidation came about and it was changed. A.D. Your husband's family had purchased that property on 75th, south of Hygiene. Who did they buy it from? A.M. From W.R. Brown. And he moved to a place west of Hygiene where the road goes west from the railroad track. He bought the farm about the first farm on the north side of the road. He was a man that bought farms, and fixed them up and sold farms. So he didn't ever stay long in one place. But they lived there for three or four years after he sold the farm to Willis's dad. 02:45 A.D. Where does the Forbess family fit into this picture? A.M. Well, their farm adjoined the Marlatt farm to the south. After we were married a few years, we were living on a farm further west of Hygiene, west of the river and my husband was renting land. Mr. and Mrs. Forbess were very elderly. He was about 80 and she was 65 or something like that. So he was unable to farm. So she came and asked Willis if he could farm their land. And so we did rent it for a couple or three years and lived in the little house that was on the Forbess farm. That little house has been taken away or destroyed or something in the last three or four years. But we lived there for a while, and then Mr. Forbess' health continued to decline and she asked us if we were interested in buying the place. So we did at a very nominal fee by today's standards. A.D. How many acres did you have there? A.M. There was 160 acres in that farm. 160 acres minus five that was traded off on the deed for water. Then it adjoined my husband's father's farm to the north. And so he farmed them all together. A.D. The St. Vrain flows through that property?

4 A.M. Yes. Diagonally through the Forbess farm. A.D. Was much of it put into crops, or what did you do with it? A.M. There was a portion of it on the south side of the river that was not irrigated. It was just a dry bluff and the river land is dry pasture. So there was not a large acreage of farm land. It was only I'm guessing around 60 or 70 acres of farm land. A.D. What did you raise? A.M. Various things. The whole gamut of grains and corn, and one time sugar beets. Then my husband finally got into grass hay, and that was the best for the farm. We had dairy cattle and then we had beef cattle. And then we got into the grass hay. Then we sold or leased land to Golden Gravel for gravel mining and were able to pay our debts and get out of the red. 05:20 A.D. I presume you raised a family on this property? A.M. Yes, we had two children. We lived in that little house on the Forbess place when our daughter was born and she is now Marcia Williams and lives in the Hygiene area in the house where her grandparents lived. And then our son was born a couple of years later. In fact, yesterday was his 59th birthday. And we lived down on what we called the Chandler Place at that time. So that's a little bit southeast of there. We lived over there for a little while. A.D. Well, it sounds like you raised a lot of crops, raised livestock. What was your role in the farming part of this, Alberta? A.M. Well, when we had dairy cattle I always had to help with the chores and washing the milking equipment and feeding at the time when the milking was going on. And just whatever was needed, a farm wife helped with. I didn't drive a tractor. My husband tried to teach me one time, and that didn't work out very well. A.D. Were you glad? (chuckle) A.M. Yes, (laughs) A.D. You had milk picked up, I presume, by a milk truck. A.M. Yes, we did. When we started out there was an old horse barn there and Willis fixed it up so he could have four cows. Well pretty soon he decided we had to have more cows, so we borrowed money against the farm and built onto the barn and could put in ten cows. Then a few years later we added a milking parlor which was a more modern invention. We could milk three cows up on a platform, then you stood down below. Then the milk was piped over to a big tank in the next room. So we did that several years.

5 07: 22 A.D. When did you start allowing your children to have chores? A.M. Well, I'd say as soon as they could get to the barn. (laughs) A.D. What did you allow them to do. A.M. Well, I guess I allowed them to gather the eggs because they talk yet about how they hated to gather eggs. But you know, they would help with graining giving grain to the cows in the stanchions, and just little things. As it gradually went along why it increased until they were doing regular chores. 07:54 A.D. You sold a lot of hay off of that property. A.M. Many, many hundreds of tons, yes. And Willis was the first farmer maybe not in Boulder County, but in the large area that planted a special mix of wild grasses for horse hay. And there were lots of pleasure horses in Boulder County, so we had quite a business of people coming to the farm and buying a pickup load of hay and so forth. Then we delivered to a lot of people. And then other people decided it was a good resource so they joined in. So there were many after that. But we started it, really. A.D. What kind of grass hay was it? A.M. I don't know that I could tell you. He could, because there were seven grasses in it. And I just know that it was a good mixture and it worked out good for horses. A.D. You were strictly selling for horse feed. A.M. Yes. A.D. And it was barn-stored? A.M. Uh, for a lot of years it was not. But we built a big hay barn after a few years and that now has been torn down. But we built quite a big long hay barn and then we even added onto it. So I can't even remember now how many tons that we could put in that hay barn but it was a lot. Then we got good equipment to harvest the hay. And Willis had a loader that people still use now for hay, for loading, that would load 160 bales at a time, and push it into the barn. So that was a good labor saver. 09:40 A.D. You said your hay fields were along the St. Vrain. Did you ever have to contend with flood waters? A.M. A couple of times we did. One time, water came down north of where Willis' folks lived, south of the railroad tracks as you're going down from Hygiene down 75th, and blocked that road. Then it washed out the bridge on the other side of us two or three

6 times, maybe even more than that. So there was a time there we were isolated. And when we knew that water was going to block that road, we could tell that, you know, we were going to have problems. It was when the kids were little, and we had relatives visiting that also had children, so we brought them all into Longmont to my mother and let them stay here in town not here, but in her apartment for a few days till the water receded and we could move vehicles. But sometimes that bridge would be out for weeks at a time. But in later years it was finally rebuilt high enough that there hasn't been any problem for a lot of years. A.D. You probably were not the only farm in that area that was inconvenienced by that. A.M. Well, I'm sure there were others. I can't remember just now which ones were. Further toward Lyons there were several farms that were having problems. A.D. You mentioned for a while that you raised sugar beets. A.M. Just for a short time. I think a year or two, maybe. A.D. When would that have been? A.M. It was during WWII because there were prisoners stationed at the old Great Western sugar factory in Longmont. And they came out and helped on the beets with a supervisor. So it would have been at that time. 11:30 A.D. What goes into the decision making of starting a new crop? A.M. Well, I guess a lot of things. For one thing, what you're doing is not enough (chuckle) and you have to find something else. My husband had attended Colorado State University so he had quite an agricultural background in crops. I know that he developed that grass seed mixture himself, so I don' t know just. Well for one thing, when we were doing the dairy cows, interest rates were high and feed was high. We had to buy a lot of feed and pretty soon we owed more money than we could get from the dairy. So we changed to beef cattle. I guess for one thing, we did get a disease in the dairy cattle and had to sell them. Then we had the beef cattle and that's when the interest rates were terribly high and we couldn't make enough. We could pay interest but we couldn't pay principle at the bank so the banker wasn't too happy. So he said, You'd better get rid of the beef cattle. So that's when Willis decided to try grass hay. A.D. And this was in the forties? A.M. Probably later than that. Wasn't interest rates the highest in about the 70s? A.D. You raised what? Were they Herefords?

7 A.M. Yes. 12:57 A.D. What was the disease that you got in your dairy herd? A.M. I'm thinking it was called vibriosis, but I could be wrong on that. But it was something that the cows would die from. So it was a serious disease and we had to sell them. We consulted several authorities on it and why they got it, I do not know. A.D. No other farmers had the problem? A.M. They probably did, but I don't know. I can't identify any now. A.D. You were talking about Mr. Forbess. Was that George Forbess? A.M. Yes, George Madison Forbess. A.D. He was a Dunkard. Is that correct? A.M. I can't verify that. I just read something in They Came to Stay this morning and I thought it said something about the Brethren Church. But it might have been the Dunkards. I don't know. A.D. OK. Well, isn't it the Dunkard Church that's in Hygiene? A.M. Yes. But they were members all the time that I knew them, in the Methodist Church. A.D. Oh, OK. What do you know about the Dunkard Church? A.N. I used to know a great deal when I was working at the (Longmont) Museum and had all the history things at my beck and call. I don't remember now, but they were still having an annual meeting there. I don't know if they still do, but they did for years and years. And they had a lot of the records in the church of various early settlers and all, and then someone took them to have them copied and something mis-happened. So I think the records were lost. Etta Marie Marcy would know more about that than I. A.D. Is the church still used for anything? A.M. I don't have much contact out there anymore and I can't answer that. I assume it might be for an occasional meeting of some group. A.D. Are there still burials going on in the Hygiene cemetery? A.M. I think so. This Eric Johnson that was a good friend in our family and worked with our family for many years was a Swedish fellow, and his grave is there. And that was in

8 :12 A.D. You had on that property a silo that was made out of concrete block. A.M. I think that's right. My husband could tell you more about that than I. But Mr. Forbess made those blocks himself and the form was there that he made them with. So it is kind of an interesting silo. A.D. I don't think there are many of those in the county. A.M. Probably not. Right. A.D. Were other buildings on the property made out of that block? A.M. No, I don't believe so. There was an old shop building and I kinda believe it's still standing there, isn't it? Do you know that? A.D. I don't know. A.M. You see, the farm has sold to David Nasser who is quite a wealthy man and has done a lot of unusual things to the farm. But I believe that old shop has had to stay because of its historical value and it was unpainted and it was in very poor condition. But it was where Mr. Forbess did all of his blacksmith work. He was a thrasher. He had a thrashing machine. A.D. OK. He had his own threshing equipment? When you moved onto that property, was there.well, you lived there before you bought. A.M. Yes. A.D. When you bought and you could take a really good look at the place, were there many artifacts in the barns and so on that were of special interest? A.M. Well, at that time I didn't have a special interest (laughs) so I' m sure there were. Yes, especially in that shop building and there was an old metal lathe there that was quite a valuable thing. And we sold that after we moved. We sold that to someone who could appreciate it and value it. And he had a forge and all his own blacksmith tools. A.D. Did your husband have a blacksmith shop on the farm? A.M. We built a shop in later years. A modern what do they call them? A.D. Welding? A.M. Well, he did welding, all kinds of things, but I'm trying to think of a Morton

9 building, a metal Morton building. You know what those are. And that was out there toward the barn and he did all kinds of repair work there. And it was large enough to have three or four vehicles in it or more. So he did a lot of things there. A.D. When you came to a piece of machinery that you couldn't fix yourself, where would you take it? A.M. Well, for a few years there were some good implement companies in Longmont. And then they were kind of forced out by politics or taxes or whatever, I'm not sure. But in later years, occasionally if something came up that he couldn't do, even as far as Greeley he would go to a repairman. A.D. Do you remember a pea station, Kuner-Empson? A.M. Yes, I have to think on that one. My husband cut peas for Kuner-Empson in the first years of our marriage. We got enough money by hook or crook to buy a tractor and some of the equipment needed and he cut peas for the Kuner-Empson. They had a place there just south of Hygiene where I think they piled them and then put them on the railroad car to Kuner-Empson maybe, or trucked them in. I'm not sure on that. But anyway, there was a place there. But then there were other places that he would cut and they were piled and then they were loaded onto rail cars. A.D. Did you raise any vegetables for Kuner? A.M. No, we did not. A.D. Was the Kuner processing plant in Longmont at that time? Is that where they were taken? A.M. Yes, and the building still stands there today and it's an apartment house. My mother and older sisters worked in that at one time. And they would, I don't know, clean the peas or do various things. But it was more than just peas that they processed there. But they worked in that, just odd hours in the summer. 19:24 A.D. You lived fairly close to the property that the county now owns as the Agricultural Heritage Center, which belonged to Shorty Lohr's family. Did you know Shorty? A.M. Yes, we did. A.D. Did you have business dealings with him? A.M. Oh, I think so. I believe Willis said that he filled silo for Shorty. Willis got his own silo equipment and filled silos for many, many farmers. In fact he says he's

10 crawled along the top of all the silos in this part of the county, even Weld County. A.D. Did he have to have a crew for that? A.M. As I recall, we didn't have the crew. I think Willis just had the cutter and the blower to push it up. I think the farmer had to do his own crew, I believe. A.D. That's kind of dangerous work, isn't it? A.M. Yes. It's dangerous work. One time Willis was following along behind watching for some trouble or something, and one of the belts caught his shirt. He dropped to the ground real fast and tore the shirt practically off of him, but it saved his arm, you know. Another time, he caught a pant leg in the belt on the tractor and that was a close call, too. But that was the only thing that happened to him. A.D. Farm work has to be some of the most dangerous work there is. A.M. Well it is. And one of our neighbor boys lost an arm in an ensilage cutter. A.D. Did they tell you not to wear loose clothing? A.M. (chuckle) You learned that. 21:12 A.D. You were along the St.Vrain, but did you have irrigation on your fields? A.M. We had one of the best irrigation rights in the area. If you're familiar with irrigation rights, it was number #15 on the St.Vrain River. And we never ran out of water. We always had water extra water. And one time, it was a drought year, and the Zwecks who also had a good right but not as good., and the ditch boss came to Willis and asked if he would share with Russell because he didn't have enough water to finish his crop. But we never ran out of water. It was one of the best ones. Runyan Ditch A.D. Did you see.over the years of living here, did you see any change in the amount of water that came down that ditch because of the municipalities buying in? A.M. I don't believe it affected our right. I don't believe so. You know, those irrigation rights are pretty sacred and if they're filed on properly, the cities can't do much about it. 22:22 A.D. You lived in a very idyllic location there. Did groups ever come to enjoy the ponds that you had there, or A.M. Well, yes we rented one big pond out to a fishing club. And I believe it was almost ten years that they enjoyed that. And they built up a campground and put in some toilet facilities. And they had just lots of functions there. And it was a profitable thing

11 for a while and then when we sold the property, why they weren't able to buy. They hated to leave and I said, Well you can buy this property. And they couldn't do that so they had to go somewhere over by Greeley and find another alternate site. But that was the big thing that we did. A.D. Did they stock the ponds themselves? A.M. I believe they did. A.D. What kind of fish would you stock those with? A.M. Well, I'm sure there were trout in there. I can't recall because I don't fish, but I presume there's probably bass. Now, then there's more gravel pits and there's one lake there that has three owners. And our daughter is one of the owners. Mr. Middlehouse is another one. And Mr. Holmes that lived next door to us is the third owner. And recently, there was a man came along and wanted to buy Mr. Holmes' share. But he wanted to put on a water ski kind of thing. And so the other two turned it down. A.D. That must be a fairly good sized pond. A.M. Well, it is, but my husband said and Mr. Middlehouse said too, it was not big enough for water skiing. We water-skied, I mean I didn't but our kids did, and Willis had the boat and we would go to Carter Lake. And that' s a good place to water ski. 24:21 A.D. You have the distinction of having the largest cottonwood tree on your property. A.M. Yes. That's the largest plains cottonwood in the U.S. that has been registered. Photo #1 of cottonwood tree A.M. Owning that tree property has been fun over the years because there have been so many people contact us and want to see it. Many school groups have gone there school groups. It's been very educational and interesting. A.D. Well, tell me about the tree. A.M. Well, we lived there for a lot of years and had cattle in that pasture and would go out and bring the cattle in at night. But we didn't think much about the tree. But Allegra Collister who was a member of the Audubon Society in Longmont asked Willis if she could come out there and band birds, and he gave her permission. She decided that tree was very unusual, so she asked if she could contact the college about it. And I believe that's the first thing that she did was contact the college. And I think they came down and made some basic measurements. It has not been ringed and it won't be, I'm sure. The college did some basic measurements and they're over there on that little plaque. And

12 then eventually she reported it to the Big Tree in Washington. So it is in the big tree book in Washington, D.C. A.D. Well, technically it is the largest plains cottonwood in the United States. A.M. Correct. A.D. And how is its health now? A.M. I think it's pretty good. For one thing, and the reason it has grown so well, there is an irrigation ditch above it (it's a little hard to see here). And then there's a river below it so it gets lot of water. Its feet are wet all the time, I presume. A.D. I'm going to add another picture. Photo #2: Bill Marlatt standing on base of tree 26:32 A.M. That picture was taken by the Times Call in 1988 and it shows our son standing on the base of the tree. I think the article said it would take about 25 or 30 children to reach around the tree. A.D. Who owns the tree now? A.M. Boulder County. We sold that portion of the property to Open Space. A.D. You also have some aerial photographs showing the ponds and the gravel workings on your property. Let's put that on there and talk and little bit about that as well. Photo #3: Aerial photo showing gravel ponds on property 27:13 A.M. This is Hygiene up here and this north and south 75th Street. And this is Hygiene Road running west. And we lived right here. We owned all this property here and we leased it to a gravel company, Golden Gravel. This property right on the very edge, there was this narrow strip that belonged to the McCaslin family. But basically our property went around here around Crane Hollow Road and down this way almost up to Hygiene Road and then back. These were the first to lakes that were dug on Crane Hollow Road. These three here and this is one of the later ones. The two lakes on the west end belong to the county and this big lake that goes down almost to our daughter's property, Marcia Williams, is owned by three property owners: Marcia and somebody and this property right here. There's a building lot in between this big lake and the two small lakes. So the owner of that building site and the owner of THIS property and our daughter owns the rights to those three lakes.

13 A.D. And that large lake was the one that they wanted to water ski on? A.M. Yes, the large lake. This, we leased to a fishing club for at least ten years and they had a nice campground up here in the trees. A.D. What's happened to that? A.M. The county didn't want a campground, but I think the county has plans now of doing a lot of hiking in there and they've had meetings with our daughter and these other two owners here about the irrigation ditches and all that. So, I think they're expecting ten to twenty thousand people hiking in that area in the summertime now. Mind boggling. A.D. Yes, it is. Did your family belong to any agricultural organizations? A.M. My husband was always active in various committees that involved agriculture. We were members of the grange, Longs Peak Grange, but not for too many years because it just was difficult to make the meetings. We still technically belong to Farm Bureau Insurance but that's the only I think there was a dairy co-op that we belonged to. A.D. What about involvement in the County Fair? A.M. There again, we were too busy to get very involved. I had 4-H for girls and our daughter was involved in that. She went to State Fair with her projects. The kids had calves one year, but it just wasn't too compatible with the rest of the work. 30:10 A.D. You mentioned the Museum. Do you volunteer for the Longmont Museum? A.M. I worked for the City of Longmont for ten years and worked at the Museum. A.D. So it was not in a volunteer capacity. A.M. No, it was a paid position. I enjoyed it very much and learned lots. But I've forgotten a lot. Nevertheless it was a very enjoyable experience. A.D. Well, I guess I would ask you your impression of the new museum. A.M. Difficult to accept. (laughs) A.D. How's that? A.M. To me, the Pioneer Museum fills a need for people that this new museum does not. It's much like all the new museums you'll find in the big cities, but I think that people sometimes need those common roots, simple roots. And the Pioneer Museum really had many exhibits that were that way.

14 31:14 A.D. You mentioned Crane Hollow Road. Where did that name come from? A.M. That's one I'm not sure I could come up with, but I presume that there were cranes along there. And we saw cranes often. They still are seen around the lakes. So I presume the early settlers found that name a simple thing. There was a mill, a grist mill, on that road at one time in the very early days. A.D. Are there any remnants of that at all? A.M. For a long time, those cement burrs or grinders or the wheels, were on display down in front of the old library in Longmont. I believe they might still be there. A.D. Where, in relation to Crange Hollow? Was it WEST of Crane Hollow Road? A.M. The mill? Yes, as you came down around the hill to the bottom land, it was just to the west. A.D. You had mentioned that Hygiene has changed a bit. How has it changed since you first moved into that area? A.M. Of course there's a new area called Hygiene Heights that is there completely new. And there have been more houses built. There's still Main Street and there's still some farm land that adjoins the main street. The church is still there. The Dunkard Church is still there. The firehouse was built and now there's a new firehouse being built or finished, and a new post office. But there was a, Harvey Holiday had a blacksmith shop that's gone. A.D. Where was that? A.M. They lived just west of the intersection of the railroad track and 75th, and I think his building was there just south of the store, a couple of places. 33:29 A.D. What do you think of the fact that the county is buying land like your property to keep open and free from development? A.M. I have mixed feelings because I think I read just the other day there's 88,000 acres, plus, that they own. What it's doing is pushing development out into the next county and so I can't see that they've solved the problem. But a lot of farmers have gotten themselves solvent by selling to Open Space. I felt like they could have handled it in different ways, and not owned it and given maybe tax breaks to the farmers or something, and kept more of the land in agriculture. 34:22 A.D. They have done that in some areas. The Upper Crossing was the crossing of

15 the St. Vrain up by where your farm was. A.M. Yes. A.D. Has that term survived into modern day? A.M. I don't think so. Now the county has that open space on the east side of 75th that used to be part of the Roy White Farm. And they call that Pella Crossing. And I said when they're using our open space land for hiking, I'd like to see it called the Marlatt Open Space. But I think they're going to call it Pella West, which distresses me a little bit. A.D. And you had mentioned that perhaps the county was going to put hiking trails in that. What do you think of that plan? A.M. Their plans, it seems like, are going to make it pretty heavily used. I hope it's not too heavily used. Our daughter still lives there on the property just south of the railroad tracks. And she and two other landowners have been involved with the county in several meetings. And they've indicated that they could have ten to twenty thousand hikers on some of that property in the summertime. Well, it's involving crossing irrigation ditches. And I don't know how it's come out. But they wanted our people to cover the irrigation ditches, which can be a problem. But it could be a problem the other way, too, with so many people. So many hikers don't have a very good idea of the needs of farmers and how important irrigation ditches are to the farmers. A.D. Alberta, thank you very much for sharing your information with us. I appreciate it so much. 36:25 End of Interview