CEPEJ 2014 Evaluation report on European Judicial Systems (2012 data) 1

Transcription

1 CEPEJ 2014 Evaluation report on European Judicial Systems (2012 data) 1

2 Presentation of the main results By the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) 2

3 45 Member States and 1 observer State (Israël) 2012 data from the States concerned More than 3 million entries in the database 5 th report (previous reports 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012) 3

4 Presented by John Stacey, CEPEJ President Jean-Paul Jean, President of the CEPEJ Working group on evaluation of judicial systems, Divisional President, Court de cassation Paris 4

5 - Financing of the judicial systems - Access to justice - Rights and public confidence for court users - The courts - Alternative dispute resolution - Judges - Non-judge staff - Court efficiency - Prosecutors - Status and career of judges and prosecutors - Lawyers - Execution of court decisions 5

6 - Notaries - Judicial experts - Court interpreters - Judicial reforms - Towards greater efficiency and quality within the European judicial systems 6

7 ISL:30235 Not a member of CoE Data not supplied COUNTRY:GDP per capita Population Figure 1.2 : Level of population and per capita GDP in Europe in 2012 PRT:15607 IRL:35752 ESP:22300 UK:NIR:19777 UK:SCO:29672 UK:ENG&WAL:30292 AND:32892 FRA:31059 NLD:35772 BEL:34000 LUX:83600 CHE:61200 LIE MCO:59541 NOR:79235 DNK:43738 DEU:32550 SMR SVN:17172 ITA:25729 Less than Less than inhab. From to less than From to less than inhab. From to less than From to inhab and over inhab. and over SWE:43867 CZE:14557 AUT:36430 HRV: MLT:16417 POL:10126 BIH:3430 SVK:13207 HUN:9800 MNE:5063 SRB:4158 ALB:3363 LTU:11025 MKD:3616 FIN:35571 GRC:17161 EST:13495 LVA:10858 ROU:6200 BGR:5436 MDA:1586 UKR:3008 TUR:8221 CYP:20512 RUS:10877 GEO:2642 ARM:2560 AZE:5885 ISR:25536

8 Figure 2.29: Total annual public budget allocated to all courts, public prosecution and legal aid in 2012 per inhabitant - in uros - as part of GDP PRT:58 ESP:32 IRL:50 ISL:44 UK:NIR:115 UK:SCO:84 UK:ENG&WAL:96 AND:84 FRA:61 BEL:89 NLD:125 LUX:147 CHE:198 MCO:165 DEU:114 LIE NOR:104 DNK:75 SMR ITA:77 CZE:46 AUT:91 SVN:92 HRV:47 SWE:107 BIH:28 POL:47 SVK:41 HUN:46 MNE:40 SRB:27 ALB:9 LTU:28 MKD:17 GRC:41 FIN:67 EST:33 LVA:32 ROU:23 Not a member of CoE Data not supplied Judicial system budget per inhab. in BGR:29 MDA:5 UKR:15 GDP per capita Less than 10 Less than From 10 to less than 30 From to less than From 30 to less than 50 From to less than From 50 to less than and over 100 and over TUR:18 RUS:32 GEO:6 ARM:NC AZE: MLT:32 CYP:58 ISR:NC

9 Average 60,6 Median 46,2 Figure 2.24: Total annual public budget allocated to all courts, public prosecution and legal aid in per inhabitant Switzerland Monaco Luxembourg Netherlands UK-Northern Ireland Germany Sweden Norway UK-England and Wales Slovenia Austria Belgium Andorra UK-Scotland Italy Denmark Finland France Cyprus Portugal Ireland Poland Croatia Hungary Czech Republic Iceland Slovakia Greece Montenegro Estonia Spain Latvia Russian Federation Malta Bulgaria Bosnia and Herzegovina Lithuania Serbia Romania Turkey The FYROMacedonia Ukraine Azerbaijan Albania Georgia Republic of Moldova 125,4 114,6 114,3 106,5 104,3 96,5 92,3 91,2 89,4 84,5 84,2 76,7 75,2 66,8 61,2 57,9 57,8 50,3 47,4 46,6 45,7 45,6 43,8 41,5 40,8 40,0 33,3 32,4 32,3 31,9 31,8 29,5 28,0 27,9 26,9 22,6 18,3 17,1 14,7 11,6 9,1 5,8 4,7 147,1 164, ,7

10 Average 0,33% Figure 2.25: Total annual public budget allocated to all courts, public prosecution and legal aid in 2012 per inhabitant as part of GDP Bosnia and Herzegovina Montenegro Serbia UK-Northern Ireland Bulgaria Slovenia Ukraine The FYROMacedonia Poland Hungary Croatia Portugal Romania Germany Netherlands Switzerland UK-England and Wales Slovakia Czech Republic Italy Latvia Republic of Moldova Russian Federation UK-Scotland Cyprus Monaco Albania Belgium Andorra Lithuania Austria Estonia Sweden Greece Turkey Georgia France Azerbaijan Malta Finland Luxembourg Denmark Iceland Ireland Norway 0,37% 0,36% 0,351% 0,351% 0,323% 0,318% 0,314% 0,313% 0,298% 0,297% 0,295% 0,293% 0,284% 0,282% 0,276% 0,270% 0,263% 0,257% 0,253% 0,250% 0,247% 0,243% 0,238% 0,223% 0,219% 0,197% 0,197% 0,194% 0,188% 0,176% 0,172% 0,145% 0,141% 0,132% 0,49% 0,473% 0,468% 0,466% 0,45% 0,58% 0,54% 0,54% 0,65% 0,82% 0,79% ,000% 0,100% 0,200% 0,300% 0,400% 0,500% 0,600% 0,700% 0,800% 0,900%

11 GDP per capita (in ) Wealth LUX NOR Correlation between the GDP per capita and the total budget (courts, prosecution and legal aid) in LTU TUR EST ESP MLT LVA RUS ISL GRC IRL CZE SVK HRV POL HUN CYP PRT FRA FIN DNK ITA AND BEL UK:SCO AUT SVN SWE UK:ENG&WAL AZE ROU ALB MKD SRB BGR MNE GEO UKR BIH MDA Total budget allocated to judicial system (all courts, public prosecution and legal aid) per inhabitant (in ) DEU UK:NIR NLD MCO Budgetary effort for judicial system CHE

12 Table 2.9 : Distribution of the main budgetary posts of the courts by country, in % Table 2.11 Distribution of the main budgetary posts of the courts by country in 2012, in % (Q6) States/entities Total annual approved public budget allocated to all courts* (Q6) Annual public budget allocated to (gross) salaries Annual public budget allocated to computerisation** Annual public budget allocated to justice expenses Annual public budget allocated to court buildings*** Annual public budget allocated to investements in new buildings Annual public budget allocated to training & education Other Albania ,5% 1,8% 21,0% 1,3% 5,1% 0,2% NA Andorra**** ,5% NA 1,9% 0,2% NAP 0,5% NAP Armenia ,5% NA 0,3% 0,1% NA 2,6% 19,5% Austria**** ,4% 4,8% 13,8% 7,9% 0,0% 0,3% 17,8% Azerbaijan ,9% 12,0% NAP 5,3% 34,1% 5,0% 3,6% Belgium**** ,5% 4,1% 9,6% 7,2% 0,9% 0,6% 10,6% Bosnia and Herzegovina ,2% 1,5% 0,4% 9,0% NAP 0,9% 13,9% Bulgaria ,2% 0,3% NA NA NAP 0,0% 26,2% Croatia ,3% 3,9% NA 0,5% NA 0,3% NA Cyprus ,5% 0,4% 0,4% 8,1% 9,8% 0,3% 6,6% Czech Republic ,0% 1,7% 4,2% 2,6% NAP 0,1% 17,4% Denmark ,8% 6,6% 4,1% 17,8% NA 0,9% 5,7% Estonia ,9% 2,7% 1,1% 16,7% 0,0% 0,6% 3,0% Finland ,4% 5,1% 3,1% 13,8% NA 0,4% 2,2% France**** ,0% 1,4% 13,1% 6,9% 3,9% 2,3% 9,4% Georgia ,5% 1,6% 13,5% 7,1% 12,9% 2,7% 5,6% Germany ,7% 2,1% 21,4% 3,5% 0,8% 0,8% 10,7% Greece**** ,4% 1,3% 0,7% 7,8% 1,6% 2,1% NAP Hungary ,3% 0,4% 4,4% 8,4% 2,4% 0,1% 12,0% Iceland NA 0,5% NA NA NA NA NA Ireland ,3% 5,2% 4,5% 12,7% 23,4% 0,5% 7,5% Italy ,7% 2,2% 10,9% 6,1% NA 0,0% 3,2% Latvia ,3% 2,4% 5,8% 16,3% NA 0,6% 1,7% Lithuania ,2% 0,7% 0,6% 3,1% 1,9% 0,6% 5,9% Luxembourg**** ,8% 1,4% 5,3% 1,1% NAP 0,1% 12,3% Malta ,1% 11,6% 12,8% 1,7% 0,7% 0,0% NAP Republic of Moldova ,6% 1,7% NA 19,0% 0,0% 0,3% 15,4% Monaco**** ,6% 1,0% 19,3% NA NA 1,2% 3,8% Montenegro***** NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Netherlands ,6% 6,7% 0,4% 11,9% NA 1,9% 5,4% Norway ,4% 4,0% NAP 26,6% 0,0% 1,7% NAP Poland ,1% 4,1% 11,5% 6,7% 2,8% 0,2% 9,6% Portugal ,5% 1,8% 2,3% 6,9% NA 1,6% NA Romania ,3% 0,2% 0,0% 10,7% 3,6% 1,1% 27,1% Russian Federation ,6% 4,5% 2,2% 5,9% 5,5% 0,5% 23,8% Serbia***** NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Slovakia ,5% 2,3% 5,5% 8,8% 0,0% 0,9% 25,9% Slovenia ,7% 2,1% 18,6% 4,3% NA 0,3% NA Spain ,0% 3,6% NA 3,6% 1,5% 0,2% 10,0% Sweden ,1% 2,4% NA 14,2% NA 1,2% 12,1% Switzerland ,5% 4,0% 5,0% 6,2% 4,0% 0,4% 6,9% The FYROMacedonia ,5% 0,4% 4,7% 6,4% 0,2% 1,9% 3,8% Turkey**** ,2% 1,9% 6,3% 0,9% 7,4% 0,4% NA Ukraine***** NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC UK-England and Wales ,1% 2,1% 4,1% 17,7% 0,0% 0,1% 24,9% UK-Northern Ireland ,0% 9,1% 6,9% 29,9% 0,0% 0,2% NAP UK-Scotland ,9% 3,2% 6,1% 23,8% 8,5% 0,5% 22,0% Average ,0% 3,1% 6,8% 9,0% 4,8% 0,9% 11,7% Median ,3% 2,2% 4,8% 7,1% 1,9% 0,5% 10,0% Minimum ,9% 0,2% 0,0% 0,1% 0,0% 0,0% 1,7% Maximum ,5% 12,0% 21,4% 29,9% 34,1% 5,0% 27,1% Israel ,7% 6,3% 3,2% 10,7% 7,2% 0,5% 4,4% * w ith neither prosecution nor legal aid ** equipment, investments and maintenance *** maintenance and operating costs 12

13 Figure 2.28 Respective parts in the public judicial system budget of courts, legal aid and public prosecution in 2012 Figure 2.35 Relative distribution of parts in the public judicial system budget between courts, legal aid and public prosecution in 2012 (Q6, Q12, Q13) States/entities Total annual approved public budget allocated to judicial system (Q6, Q12, Q13) Courts budget (Q6) Legal aid budget (Q12) Public prosecution budget (Q13) Albania ,00 48,93% 0,24% 50,84% Andorra ,00 NC 6,01% NC Armenia NC NC NC NC Austria ,00 NC 2,47% NC Azerbaijan ,00 54,85% 0,43% 44,72% Belgium ,00 NC 8,72% NC Bosnia and Herzegovina ,00 73,55% 6,64% 19,82% Bulgaria ,00 58,21% 2,71% 39,09% Croatia ,00 78,77% 0,08% 21,15% Cyprus ,00 61,09% 3,05% 35,86% Czech Republic ,00 77,30% 5,03% 17,66% Denmark ,00 57,74% 19,85% 22,40% Estonia ,00 69,43% 8,96% 21,62% Finland ,00 68,84% 18,66% 12,49% France ,00 NC 9,15% NC Georgia ,00 64,34% 5,50% 30,16% Germany ,00 NC NC NC Greece ,00 NC 1,84% NC Hungary ,00 71,98% 0,20% 27,82% Iceland ,00 68,06% 25,20% 6,74% Ireland ,00 46,40% 36,03% 17,56% Italy ,00 65,28% 3,35% 31,37% Latvia ,90 67,46% 1,46% 31,08% Lithuania ,00 63,42% 5,42% 31,15% Luxembourg ,00 NC 4,53% NC Malta ,00 85,99% 0,37% 13,64% Republic of Moldova ,00 57,48% 7,27% 35,26% Monaco ,00 NC 4,95% NC Montenegro ,00 NC NC 22,36% Netherlands ,00 46,76% 22,96% 30,28% Norway ,00 44,42% 51,35% 4,23% Poland ,00 75,47% 1,32% 23,21% Portugal ,00 74,79% 9,11% 16,10% Romania ,00 67,50% 1,65% 30,84% Russian Federation ,00 73,05% 1,52% 25,43% Serbia ,00 NC NC 8,01% Slovakia ,00 68,04% 0,79% 31,17% Slovenia ,00 86,87% 3,55% 9,58% Spain ,33 83,34% 2,48% 14,19% Sweden ,00 62,59% 23,22% 14,19% Switzerland ,00 61,74% 6,83% 31,43% The FYROMacedonia ,00 84,51% 0,86% 14,62% Turkey ,00 NC 6,49% NC Ukraine ,00 NC NC 38,58% UK-England and Wales ,00 43,69% 43,07% 13,24% UK-Northern Ireland ,00 35,37% 44,13% 20,50% UK-Scotland ,00 30,36% 40,01% 29,63% 13 Average ,29 64,05% 10,65% 24,00% Median ,00 66,37% 5,23% 22,40% Minimum ,00 30,36% 0,08% 4,23% Maximum ,00 86,87% 51,35% 50,84%

14 Table 2.1, part 1: Total annual approved budget allocated to the whole justice system in 2012, in and budgetary elements that are included in the whole justice system. Tableau partie 1 Budget public annuel total approuvé et alloué à l'ensemble du système de justice en 2012, en (Q15.1) et éléments composant le budget de l'ensemble du système de justice (Q15.2) Système judiciaire Yes Système de justice (6 premiers éléments sur 13) No NA Inclus Non inclus Non disponible Non applicable Etats / entités Budget public annuel Budget public annuel total approuvé et total approuvé et alloué à l'ensemble du alloué à l'ensemble du système de justice en système de justice en 2010 () 2012 () Service de gestion du Tribunaux Aide judiciaire Ministère public System pénitentiaire Service de probation Conseil de la justice Cour constitutionnelle système judiciaire Service de l'avocat d'etat Albanie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Andorre Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Arménie NA Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Autriche Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Azerbaïjan Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Belgique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Bosnie-Herzégovine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Bulgarie NA NA No No No No No No Croatie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Chypre Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes République Tchèque Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Danemark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA No Estonie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Finlande Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Géorgie NA Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No Allemagne Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Grèce Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Hongrie Yes Yes Yes Yes NA Yes No Yes Islande Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA Irlande Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Italie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Lettonie Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Lituanie Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Malte Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes République de Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Monaco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Monténégro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Pays-Bas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Norvège Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NA NA Pologne Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Portugal Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Roumanie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Fédération de Russie Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Serbie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Slovaquie Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Slovénie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Espagne Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Suède Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Suisse Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes ERYMacédoine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA Turquie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes RU: Angleterre et Pays de Galles Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No RU: Irlande du Nord Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes RU: Ecosse NA Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No 14 Moyenne pays 44 pays 39 pays 43 pays 33 pays 29 pays 19 pays 25 pays 14 pays Médiane Minimum Maximum

15 Table 2.1, part 2: Total annual approved budget allocated to the whole justice system in 2012, in and budgetary Yes Inclus No elements that are included in the whole justice system Tableau partie 2 Budget public annuel total approuvé et alloué à l'ensemble du système de justice en 2012, en (Q15.1) et éléments composant le budget de Non inclus l'ensemble du système de justice (Q15.2) NA Non disponible Non applicable Système judiciaire Système de justice (7 derniers éléments sur 13) Etats / entités Budget public annuel Budget public annuel total approuvé et total approuvé et alloué à l'ensemble du alloué à l'ensemble du système de justice en système de justice en 2010 () 2012 () Tribunaux Aide judiciaire Ministère public Service de l'exécution Notariat Service d'expertise légale Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse Fonctionnement du ministère de la justice Service des demandeurs d'asile et réfugiés Autres Albanie Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Andorre Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Arménie NA Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No Autriche Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Azerbaïjan Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Belgique Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Bosnie-Herzégovine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Bulgarie NA NA No No No No No No Croatie Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Chypre Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No République Tchèque Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Danemark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Estonie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NA Yes Finlande Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes France Yes Yes Yes NA No No Yes Yes No No Géorgie NA Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No Allemagne Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Grèce Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Hongrie Yes Yes Yes No No NA No Yes NA No Islande Yes Yes Yes Yes NA NA No NA Yes No Irlande Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Italie Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Lettonie Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Lituanie Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Malte Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No République de Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Monaco Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Monténégro Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Pays-Bas Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Norvège Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes Pologne Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Portugal Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Roumanie Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Fédération de Russie Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Serbie Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Slovaquie Yes Yes No No No No NA Yes Yes Yes Slovénie Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Espagne Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Suède Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Suisse Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No ERYMacédoine Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA NA Yes NA Yes Turquie Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No RU: Angleterre et Pays de Galles Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes RU: Irlande du Nord Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No RU: Ecosse NA Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes 15 Moyenne pays 44 pays 39 pays 21 pays 5 pays 20 pays 19 pays 42 pays 9 pays 19 pays Médiane Minimum Maximum

16 Not a member of CoE Data not supplied ISL:11,05 Budget allocated to legal aid per inhab. in GDP per capita Figure 3.4 Global annual public budget allocated to legal aid for all cases per inhabitant (in ) and GDP per capita in 2012 PRT:5,26 IRL:18,11 ESP:0,80 UK:NIR:50,59 UK:SCO:33,69 UK:ENG&WAL:NC AND:5,08 FRA:5,60 NLD:28,79 BEL:7,80 LUX:6,67 CHE:13,51 MCO:8,15 DEU:4,29 LIE NOR:53,55 DNK:14,93 SMR SVN:3,27 ITA:2,57 SWE:24,74 CZE:2,30 AUT:2,25 HRV:0, MLT:0,12 BIH:1,86 POL:0,63 SVK:0,33 HUN:0,09 MNE:NC SRB:NC ALB:0,02 FIN:12,47 LTU:1,51 MKD:0,15 GRC:0,75 EST:2,98 LVA:0,47 ROU:0,37 Less than 2 Less than From 2 to less than 5 From to less than From 5 to less than 10 From to less than From 10 to less than and over 30 and over BGR:0,80 MDA:0,34 UKR:NC RUS:0,48 TUR:1,19 GEO:0,32 ARM:NC AZE:0,05 ISR:4,98

17 Average 8,63 Median 2,30 Figure 2.15 Annual public budget allocated to legal aid In per inhabitant in 2012 Norway UK-Northern Ireland UK-England and Wales UK-Scotland Netherlands Sweden Ireland Denmark Switzerland Finland Iceland Monaco Belgium Luxembourg France Portugal Andorra Germany Slovenia Estonia Italy Czech Republic Austria Bosnia and Herzegovina Cyprus Lithuania Turkey Spain Bulgaria Greece Poland Russian Federation Latvia Romania Republic of Moldova Slovakia Georgia The FYROMacedonia Malta Hungary Azerbaijan Croatia Albania Israel 8,15 7,80 6,67 5,60 5,26 5,08 4,29 3,27 2,98 2,57 2,30 2,25 1,86 1,76 1,51 1,19 0,80 0,80 0,75 0,63 0,48 0,47 0,37 0,34 0,33 0,32 0,15 0,12 0,09 0,05 0,04 0,02 4,98 18,11 14,93 13,51 12,47 11,05 24,74 28,79 33,69 41, ,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 53,55 50,59

18 Average 0,02394% Figure 2.21: Annual public budget allocated to legal aid per inhabitant in 2012 In % as part of GDP UK-Northern Ireland UK-England and Wales UK-Scotland Netherlands Norway Sweden Bosnia and Herzegovina Ireland Iceland Finland Denmark Portugal Belgium Estonia Switzerland Republic of Moldova Slovenia France Czech Republic Andorra Bulgaria Turkey Lithuania Monaco Germany Georgia Italy Cyprus Luxembourg Poland Austria Romania Russian Federation Greece Latvia The FYROMacedonia Spain Slovakia Hungary Azerbaijan Malta Albania Croatia Israel 0,08% 0,07% 0,056% 0,054% 0,051% 0,037% 0,035% 0,0341% 0,0337% 0,02293% 0,02209% 0,02208% 0,02146% 0,01907% 0,01803% 0,01578% 0,01545% 0,01467% 0,01445% 0,01372% 0,01368% 0,01319% 0,01206% 0,00999% 0,00860% 0,00797% 0,00618% 0,00617% 0,00602% 0,00445% 0,00437% 0,00433% 0,00409% 0,00360% 0,00248% 0,00094% 0,00084% 0,00072% 0,00064% 0,00038% 0,01951% 0,11% 0,14% ,26%

19 Number of cases for which legal aid has been granted Number of cases granted legal aid per inhab. Annual public budget allocated to legal aid per case granted legal aid States/entities Cases brought to court (Q20) Not brought to court (Q20.1) Total Cases brought to court Not brought to court Total Cases brought to court Not brought to court Total Table 3.5: Number of legal aid cases per inhabitants and amount allocated in the public budget for legal aid per case in 2012 Albania NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Andorra NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Armenia NC NC NC Austria nap NC 239 NC NC 939 Azerbaijan NAP NC 65 NC NC 76 Belgium NC NC 687 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA NC 152 NC NC NC NC NC Bulgaria NC NC 138 Croatia NA 465 NC NC 11 NC NC NC NC Cyprus NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Czech Republic NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Denmark NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Estonia NA NA NC NC NC NC 225 Finland NC NC 867 France NA NC NC NC 337 NC NC Georgia NC NC 196 Germany Greece NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Hungary NC NC 46 Iceland NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Ireland NA NC NC NC NC NC Italy NA NC 320 NC NC 803 NC NC Latvia NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Lithuania Luxembourg NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Malta 528 NA NC 125 NC NC 94 NC NC Republic of Moldova NC NC 40 Monaco 753 NAP NC NC NC 391 Montenegro NC NC NC Netherlands NC NC 883 Norway Poland NA NAP NA NC NC NC NC NC NC Portugal NC NC 328 Romania NA NC 196 NC NC 191 NC NC Russian Federation NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Serbia NA NAP NA NC NC NC NC NC NC Slovakia NA 13 NC NC 0 NC NC NC NC Slovenia NC Spain NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Sweden NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Switzerland N.A. NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC The FYROMacedonia NAP NC NC 124 Turkey NA NC 135 NC NC 878 NC NC Ukraine NA NAP NA NC NC NC NC NC NC UK-England and Wales NA NC NC NC NC NC NC UK-Northern Ireland N/A NC NC NC NC NC NC UK-Scotland NA NA NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Average ,10 246,84 615, Median ,54 44,93 232,41 Minimum ,10 11,62 40,08 Maximum ,79 683, ,27

20 Number of legal aid cases per inhabitants Amount allocated in the public budget for legal aid per case Figure 3.7: Total number of legal aid per cases per inhabitants and amount allocated in Figure 3.7 Total number of legal aid cases (Q20, Q20.1) per inhabitants the public and budget amount allocated for legal in aid the public per case budget in for 2012 legal aid (Q12) per case in

21 Number of legal aid cases brought to court per inhabitants Amount allocated in the public budget for legal aid per case 1654 Figure 3.8: For cases brought to court, total number of legal aid cases per inhabitants and amount allocated in the public budget for legal aid Figure 3.8 For cases brought to court, total number of legal aid cases (Q20) per inhabitants per case and in amount 2012 allocated in the public budget for legal aid (Q12.1) per case in

22 States/entities Share of court fees (or taxes) in the court budget 2010 Share of court fees (or taxes) in the court budget 2012 Biennial variation Figure 3.12 : Evolution between 2010 and 2012 of the share of courts fees (or taxes) in the court budget Albania 15,1% 34,6% 19,5% Andorra NC NC NC Armenia NC 24,5% NC Austria 109,8% NC NC Azerbaijan 1,9% 2,1% 0,1% Belgium 3,7% NC NC Bosnia and Herzegovina 35,3% 33,1% -2,2% Bulgaria 52,0% 49,3% -2,7% Croatia 11,9% 18,4% 6,5% Cyprus 29,2% 37,2% 7,9% Czech Republic 10,8% 15,9% 5,1% Denmark 44,3% 40,5% -3,8% Estonia 48,2% 24,3% -23,9% Finland 12,9% 13,5% 0,7% France NC NC NC Georgia NC NC NC Germany 45,1% 43,0% -2,2% Greece 14,2% NC NC Hungary 4,3% 4,6% 0,3% Iceland NC NC NC Ireland 31,8% 40,8% 9,0% Italy 10,7% 15,6% 4,9% Latvia 47,8% 37,2% -10,6% Lithuania 13,7% 14,3% 0,6% Luxembourg NC NC NC Malta 65,3% 55,5% -9,8% Republic of Moldova NC 24,4% NC Monaco NC NC NC Montenegro 31,3% NC NC Netherlands 19,3% 24,1% 4,9% Norway 10,5% 9,4% -1,0% Poland 38,8% 29,6% -9,2% Portugal 41,2% 45,9% 4,7% Romania 13,0% 16,7% 3,7% Russian Federation 14,6% 13,6% -1,1% Serbia 76,7% NC NC Slovakia 41,2% 35,0% -6,2% Slovenia 28,5% 24,5% -4,0% Spain 4,1% 13,8% 9,7% Sweden 0,8% 0,8% 0,0% Switzerland 30,2% 24,4% -5,8% The FYROMacedonia 35,4% 34,0% -1,4% Turkey 45,5% NC NC Ukraine 4,0% NC NC UK-England and Wales 46,2% 24,6% -21,6% UK-Northern Ireland 41,6% 52,1% 10,5% UK-Scotland 18,2% 19,8% 1,6% Average 26,4% 26,4% -0,5% 22 Median 24,5% 24,5% 0,1% Minimum 0,8% 0,8% -23,9% Maximum 55,5% 55,5% 19,5%

23 Table 4.2: Special favourable arrangements applied during judicial proceedings to certain categories of vulnerable persons States/entities Information mechanism Special hearing modalities Other special arrangements Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No 16 Andorra No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No 7 Armenia No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No 7 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 24 Azerbaijan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No 17 Belgium Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No 12 Bosnia and Herzegovina No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No 10 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No 14 Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 16 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 16 Czech Republic No No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No 4 Denmark Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No 8 Estonia Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes 18 Finland Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No No 13 France Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 17 Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No 12 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No 8 Greece No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 9 Hungary No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No 10 Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes 21 Ireland Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No 12 Italy No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No No No 7 Latvia No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 6 Lithuania No No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No 7 Luxembourg Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No 10 Malta Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes No 11 Republic of Moldova No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes 11 Monaco Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes 21 Montenegro No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes 14 Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No 18 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes 16 Poland Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No 12 Portugal No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes 15 Romania No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 22 Russian Federation No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 8 Serbia No No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No 4 Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 21 Slovenia No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No 11 Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No 15 Sweden No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 8 Switzerland Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No 12 The FYROMacedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 15 Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes 18 Ukraine No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No 5 UK-England and Wales Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 24 UK-Northern Ireland No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 8 UK-Scotland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 18 Number of countries Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Total Average number of countries/entities per arrangement Yes Yes Victims of rape 30 No No Victims of terrorism 19 Children (witness/victim) 36 Ethnic minorities Disabled persons 25 Juvenil offenders 31

24 Yes Yes States/entities Excessive length of proceedings Non execution of court decisions Wrongful arrest Wrongful condemnation Table 4.5: System for compensating users in various particular circumstances Albania No Yes Yes Yes 3 Andorra Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Armenia No No Yes Yes 2 Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Belgium Yes No Yes No 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Croatia Yes No Yes Yes 3 Cyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Czech Republic Yes No Yes Yes 3 Denmark Yes No Yes Yes 3 Estonia No No Yes Yes 2 Finland Yes No Yes Yes 3 France Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Georgia No No Yes No 1 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Iceland Yes No Yes Yes 3 Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Italy Yes No Yes Yes 3 Latvia No No Yes Yes 2 Lithuania Yes No Yes Yes 3 Luxembourg No No Yes Yes 2 Malta Yes No Yes No 2 Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Monaco No No No Yes 1 Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Netherlands No No Yes Yes 2 Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Slovakia Yes No Yes Yes 3 Slovenia Yes No Yes Yes 3 Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Switzerland Yes No Yes Yes 3 The FYROMacedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Turkey No Yes Yes Yes 3 Ukraine No No Yes Yes 2 UK-England and Wales No No Yes Yes 2 UK-Northern Ireland No No Yes No 1 UK-Scotland No No Yes No 1 Number of countries Israel Yes No Yes Yes

25 Not a member of CoE Data not supplied ISL:3,1 Number of 1st instance courts per inhab. (Geographic locations) Less than 1 From 1 to less than 2 From 2 to less than 5 5 and over FIN:1,5 Figure 5.3: Number of all courts (geographic locations) per inhabitants in 2012 UK:SCO:1,2 UK:NIR:NC IRL:2,3 UK:ENG&WAL:0,9 FRA:1,0 BEL:2,6 NLD:0,4 LUX:1,5 CHE:4,5 NOR:1,4 SWE:1,0 DNK:0,5 POL:2,1 DEU:1,4 CZE:0,9 SVK:1,2 AUT:1,8 LIE HUN:1,6 SVN:3,2 EST:1,7 LVA:2,3 LTU:2,2 ROU:1,1 MDA:1,5 UKR:1,7 RUS:2,1 PRT:3,0 ESP:1,7 AND:3,9 MCO:2,8 SMR HRV:3,7 BIH:2,6 SRB:1,8 MNE:3,5 BGR:1,0 GEO:0,6 ARM:0,7 AZE:1 ITA:2,3 MKD:1,6 ALB:1,1 TUR:0,9 GRC:3, MLT:0,5 CYP:2,4 ISR:0,5

26 Figure 5.4 Variation of the absolute number of all courts (geographic locations) Figure 5.9 : Use of the video between conferencing 2008 and 2012 in criminal cases and other than criminal cases PRT:-5,4% ESP:2,7% ISL:11,1% IRL:-19,2% UK:NIR:NC UK:SCO:-15,8% UK:ENG&WAL:-12,7% AND:200,0% PRT FRA:-28,9% IRL ISL UK:NIR UK:SCO UK:ENG&WAL NLD:-6,3% BEL:0,0% LUX:0,0% FRA CHE:-22,3% LIE MCO:0,0% AND ESP NOR:-2,7% DNK:-3,3% DEU:NC BEL NLD AUT:0,0% AUT CHE LIE HUN:0,0% HUN SVN:0,0% SVN ROU:-0,8% HRV:-16,8% HRV SMR MCO ITA:0,0% SWE:-29,1% LUX CZE:0,0% DNK NOR POL:19,9% DEU SVK:-5,9% CZE BIH:5,4% BIH SMR SRB:-35,2% MNE:0,0% ITA MKD:3,0% ALB:0,0% FIN:-37,4% SWE EST:0,0% LVA:14,3% LTU:0,0% POL SVK ALB SRB BGR:-61,5% MNE MKD -20% and over From -20% For to all -10% cases (criminal and non criminal) From -10% Only to for less criminal than 0% cases No variation Not using videoconferencing From more than 0% to less than 10% More than 10% FIN LTU Not a member of CoE Not a member of CoE Data not supplied Data not supplied Variation of the abs. nb of all courts (Geographic locations) Use of videoconferencing in the courts EST LVA MDA:-1,8% ROU BGR UKR:-2,0% MDA UKR RUS:NC RUS TUR:-88,7% TUR GEO:-54,7% ARM:5,0% AZE:-0,9% GRC:-7,6% GRC 26 MLT:0,0% MLT CYP CYP:16,7% ISR ISR:NC%

27 Performance and quality indicators defined Yes Yes Incoming cases Length of proceedings (timeframes) Closed cases Pending cases and backlog Productivity of judges and court staff Quality indicators emphasized by countries / entities States/entities Table 5.11 : Performance and quality indicators emphasized by countries for the proper functioning of courts Albania Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Andorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Armenia Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Austria Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Azerbaijan Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Belgium No No No No No No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Croatia Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyprus Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Czech Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Finland Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes France Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Georgia Yes Yes Yes No No No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Greece Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Ireland Yes Yes No No No No Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Latvia No No No No No No Lithuania Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Luxembourg No No No No No No Malta No No No No No No Republic of Moldova Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Monaco No No No No No No Montenegro Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Netherlands Yes No Yes Yes No No Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Romania Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Slovenia Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Sweden Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No The FYROMacedonia Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Turkey Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Ukraine Yes No No No No No UK-England and Wales Yes Yes Yes Yes No No UK-Northern Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes No No UK-Scotland Yes No Yes No Yes No Number of countries Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No

28 Table 6.3 : Types of cases concerned by judicial mediation in 2012 States/entities Civil and commercial cases Family law cases (ex. divorce) Administrative cases Employment dismissals Criminal cases Albania No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No 9 Andorra No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No 2 Armenia No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 0 Austria No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes 6 Azerbaijan No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 0 Belgium Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes 8 Bosnia and Herzegovina No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No 8 Bulgaria No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No 4 Croatia Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes 13 Cyprus Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 2 Czech Republic Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No 11 Denmark Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 5 Estonia No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No 8 Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No 13 France No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes 8 Georgia Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No 3 Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No 17 Greece Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes 9 Hungary Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No 12 Iceland No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes 6 Ireland Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No 5 Italy No Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No 5 Latvia No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 0 Lithuania Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No 10 Luxembourg Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No 8 Malta Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 4 Republic of Moldova No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No 5 Monaco No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 2 Montenegro No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No 4 Netherlands Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 8 Norway No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No 10 Poland No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No 5 Portugal No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No 9 Romania Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No 8 Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No 15 Serbia Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No 13 Slovakia No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No 3 Slovenia Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes 8 Spain Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes 11 Sweden Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No 10 Switzerland No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 0 The FYROMacedonia No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No 4 Turkey No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes 7 Ukraine No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 0 UK-England and Wales Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No 9 UK-Northern Ireland Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No 6 UK-Scotland No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 0 Number of countries Israel Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No 10 Total Average number of country per type of authoritie Yes Yes Court annexed mediation 16 No No Private mediator Judge 10 Public authority (other than the court) 28

29 Figure 7.2 Number of professional judges sitting in courts (FTE) for inhabitants, in 2012 (Q1, Q46) Not a member of CoE Data not supplied 17,1 Nb of professional judges per inhab. Less than 10 From 10 to less than 15 From 15 to less than 20 From 20 to less than and over 18,1 umber of rofessional udges itting in ourts (FTE) or nhabitants n ,1 3,8 3,6 3,5 14,3 14,4 40,4 6,6 24,7 11,0 29,1 11,8 26,2 17,7 21,5 25,6 17,1 23,2 24,2 10,7 15,8 LIE 18,3 27,9 12,4 19,2 11,2 31,5 102,4 SMR 47,1 45,3 25,1 42,4 40,5 20,2 30,7 5,4 7,2 6,5 10,6 32,4 13,5 10,7 23,3 9,5 11, ISR:8,2

30 States/entities Total of professional judges (FTE) 1st instance professional judges 2nd instance professional judges Supreme court professional judge Figure 7.5 : Distribution (in %) of professional judges between first instance courts, second instance courts and supreme courts Albania ,9% 16,8% 4,2% Andorra 24 50,0% 50,0% 0,0% Armenia ,9% 17,4% 7,8% Austria ,6% 10,2% 4,2% Azerbaijan 600 NC NC NC Belgium ,9% 19,1% 1,9% Bosnia and Herzegovina ,1% 21,0% 9,9% Bulgaria ,1% 38,4% 8,6% Croatia ,3% 26,6% 2,1% Cyprus ,4% NC 12,6% Czech Republic ,8% 31,6% 7,7% Denmark ,6% 25,3% 5,1% Estonia ,2% 18,4% 8,3% Finland ,8% 19,8% 4,4% France ,6% 24,1% 5,3% Georgia ,4% 24,0% 6,6% Germany ,9% 20,5% 4,6% Greece ,0% 31,5% 9,5% Hungary ,4% 36,9% 2,7% Iceland 55 78,2% NC 21,8% Ireland ,4% NC 5,6% Italy ,7% 17,6% 4,7% Latvia ,9% 28,7% 11,4% Lithuania ,1% 6,6% 4,3% Luxembourg ,7% NC 19,3% Malta 40 85,0% 15,0% NC Republic of Moldova ,0% 19,5% 7,5% Monaco 37 43,2% 13,5% 43,2% Montenegro ,4% 24,7% 6,8% Netherlands ,0% 21,5% 1,5% Norway ,2% 30,2% 3,6% Poland ,3% 4,9% 1,7% Portugal ,7% 22,2% 4,2% Romania ,4% 51,4% 2,2% Russian Federation NC NC 0,4% Serbia ,4% 22,4% 1,2% Slovakia ,6% 26,9% 6,4% Slovenia ,0% 15,5% 3,5% Spain ,7% 27,8% 1,5% Sweden ,2% 28,9% 2,9% Switzerland ,7% 28,3% 3,0% The FYROMacedonia ,6% 17,4% 3,0% Turkey ,5% NC 6,5% Ukraine ,5% 19,9% 0,6% UK-England and Wales 2016 NC NC NC UK-Northern Ireland 70 81,5% 4,3% 14,2% UK-Scotland ,8% 9,2% NC Average ,5% 22,8% Median ,3% 21,5% 4 Minimum 24 43,2% 4,3% 0 Maximum ,4% 51,4% 43

31 Figure 8.3 Number of non-judge staff whose task is to assist the judge per one professional judge (Q46, Q52) Not a member of CoE Data not supplied 0,4 Nb of non-judge staff per prof. judge Less than 2 From 2 to less than 3 From 3 to less than 5 5 and over Figure 8.4 : 0,0 NC Number of non-judge staff per whose task is to assist the judge per one professional judge 5,5 7,0 NC 6,6 2,5 3,1 2,0 1,1 1,5 0,9 1,6 LIE 3,1 1,5 0,0 0,5 2,3 1,6 0,9 1,0 2,5 1,8 1,3 NC NC 1,8 2,6 1,6 2,8 NC 3,3 0,5 SMR 1,2 0,5 1,6 2,0 NC 1,4 0,6 1,1 2,7 NC 5,3 31 1,3 IS

32 Average 161,4 Median 112,6 Figure 12.2 : Number of lawyers per inhabitants in 2012 Luxembourg Greece Italy Malta Iceland UK-England and Wales Cyprus Spain Portugal Ukraine Ireland Andorra Albania UK-Scotland Germany Bulgaria Belgium Norway Switzerland Hungary The FYROMacedonia Poland Montenegro Serbia Denmark Czech Republic Croatia Netherlands Turkey Romania Slovakia Austria Monaco France Georgia Slovenia Estonia Latvia Lithuania Sweden Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Armenia UK-Northern Ireland Finland Bosnia and Herzegovina Azerbaijan Israel 8,9 164,9 155,3 138,0 134,9 131,2 121,1 114,4 113,5 111,6 107,5 104,1 103,0 101,3 98,5 98,2 96,3 93,0 85,8 85,7 82,6 68,8 65,8 65,7 59,8 54,9 49,2 47,6 45,4 44,1 35,7 35,2 332,3 322,5 308,1 295,4 285,5 270,2 244,2 240,8 219,0 215,6 209,5 200,5 384,8 380,7 379,0 Lawyers and legal advisors Lawyers ,0 200,0 300,0 400,0 500,0 600,0 700,0 636,9

33 Average 14,7 igure 12.3: umber of awyers er one rofessional udge UK-England and Wales Ireland UK-Scotland Italy Malta Spain Cyprus Iceland Denmark Greece Albania Georgia Ukraine Portugal Norway UK-Northern Ireland Belgium Luxembourg Turkey Switzerland Germany France Netherlands Andorra Armenia Bulgaria Austria Romania Hungary Sweden Poland Slovakia Republic of Moldova The FYROMacedonia Estonia Czech Republic Latvia Serbia Montenegro Russian Federation Lithuania Croatia Finland Slovenia Bosnia and Herzegovina Azerbaijan Monaco Israel 18,9 17,3 16,4 16,0 15,3 14,3 14,1 12,5 11,5 10,8 9,5 9,2 8,5 8,1 8,0 7,1 7,0 6,3 5,4 5,1 4,9 4,7 4,7 4,4 4,0 4,0 3,7 3,7 3,6 3,1 2,8 2,7 2,6 2,3 2,3 2,0 1,5 1,4 1,4 0,8 25,5 24,8 35,6 35, ,2 76,8 Lawyers and legal advisors Lawyers 78,1 86,4

34 Number of lawyers per inhabitants Variation (%) Figure 12.4 : Number of practising lawyers (without legal advisors) per inhabitants; average variation Figure 12.4 Number of practicing lawyers (without legal advisors) per inhab. in 2006, 2008, 2010 and Average variation between 2006 and 2012 (Q146, Q147) ,0% 85,5% Average 99,1 110,0 131,6 140,2 80,0% 75,6% Median 78,2 83,3 96,6 104, ,4% 67,9% 70,0% ,0% ,0% 47,0% 45,4% 42,2% ,4% 39,5% 39,1% 40,0% 34,8% 34,1% 33,4% 33,6% ,9% 30,9% 30,0% 27,5% 25,7% ,1% 21,7% 19,9% 20,0% 50 10,7% 7,3% 9,1% 12,0% 13,3% 11,5% 10,7% 10,9% 7,4% 7,3% 13,0% 10,0% 3,5% 4,9% 3,6% 0 0,0% 34

35 Figure 10.2 Number of public prosecutors per inhabitants in 2012 (Q55) Not a member of CoE Data not supplied ISL:25,2 Nb of public prosecutors per inhab. Less than 5 From 5 to less than 10 From 10 to less than 15 From 15 to less than and over FIN:7,4 Figure 10.2: UK:SCO:10,4 NOR:12,2 SWE:10,6 EST:13,1 Number of public prosecutors per inhabitants in 2012 UK:NIR:9,7 IRL:2,3 UK:ENG&WAL:4,8 NLD:4,7 BEL:7,4 LUX:9,0 DNK:10,1 DEU:6,5 CZE:11,8 LVA:22,1 LTU:25,5 POL:15,7 SVK:16,7 UKR:27,4 RUS:22,8 FRA:2,9 CHE:10,4 LIE AUT:4,1 SVN:9,2 HUN:18,3 ROU:12,0 MDA:20,9 PRT:14,9 ESP:5,3 AND:5,2 MCO:13,8 SMR HRV:14,5 BIH:8,1 SRB:9,2 MNE:14,7 BGR:27,1 GEO:9,0 ARM:10,5 AZE:11,6 ITA:3,2 MKD:10,0 ALB:11,7 TUR:5,8 GRC:5,0 MLT:6,9 35 CYP:12,9 ISR:11,6

36 Yes Yes Figure 10.6: Role and attributions of public prosecutors in criminal procedures States/entities Conduct or supervise police investigation Conduct investigations Request investigation measures from the judge Charge Present the case in the court Propose a sentence to the judge Appeal Supervise the enforcement procedure Discontinue a case w ithout needing a decision by a judge End the case by imposing or negotiating a penalty Albania Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Andorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Armenia Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Azerbaijan Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Belgium No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Bulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Croatia Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Cyprus Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Czech Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Finland No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Greece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Iceland Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Ireland No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Italy Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Malta No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Republic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Monaco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Norway Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Russian Federation Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Serbia Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Slovenia No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Sweden Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No The FYROMacedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Ukraine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No UK-England and Wales No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes UK-Northern Ireland No No No No Yes No No No Yes No No UK-Scotland Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Other significant pow ers Number of countries Israel No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No

37 2500,0 Figure Number of law cases brought by the public prosecutor to the courts per inhabitants between 2006 and 2012 (Q107) Average 656,9 691,8 837,5 807,9 2000,0 Median 565,5 670,9 672,0 721,9 Calculated with data of shown countries/entities Figure : Number of cases brought by the public prosecutor before the courts per inhabitants between 2006 and ,0 1000,0 500,0 0,0 37

38 Judges Prosecutors States/entities Gross annual salary Gross salary in regard to national average gross annual salary Net annual salary Gross annual salary Gross salary in regard to national average gross annual salary Net annual salary Table 11.13: Gross and net annual salaries of judges and prosecutors at the Supreme Court or at the last instance In 2012 Albania , , Andorra , , Armenia , NA NC NA Austria , , Azerbaijan , , Belgium , , Bosnia and Herzegovina , , Bulgaria , , Croatia , , Cyprus ,5 NA NA NC NA Czech Republic ,4 NA ,7 NA Denmark ,4 NA ,7 NA Estonia , , Finland , , France , , Georgia NC NAP NC NAP Germany , ,3 Greece NC NC Hungary , , Iceland ,3 NA ,0 NA Ireland ,9 NA ,6 NA Italy , , Latvia , , Lithuania , , Luxembourg ,1 NA ,9 NA Malta , , Republic of Moldova , , Monaco NC NC Montenegro , ,1 NA Netherlands , ,8 NA Norway , , Poland , , Portugal ,3 NA ,3 NA Romania , , Russian Federation NA NC NA NA NC NA Serbia , , Slovakia ,4 NA ,4 NA Slovenia , , Spain , , Sweden ,3 NA ,8 NA Switzerland , , The FYROMacedonia , , Turkey , , Ukraine , , UK-England and Wales ,7 NA ,3 NA UK-Northern Ireland , ,8 UK-Scotland ,8 NA NA NC NA Average , , Median , , Minimum , , Maximum , ,

39 Figure 11.23: Distribution of male and female professional judges within the total number of professional judges in

40 Greece 30,4% 69,6% Slovenia 33,3% 66,7% Latvia 37,0% 63,0% Romania 38,0% 62,0% Croatia 43,7% 56,3% Estonia 44,4% 55,6% Serbia 45,0% 55,0% Hungary 47,1% 52,9% Lithuania 47,5% 52,5% Ireland 50,0% 50,0% Poland 52,5% 47,5% Slovakia 54,1% 45,9% Cyprus 55,6% 44,4% Bosnia and Herzegovina 56,0% 44,0% Austria 61,3% 38,7% Luxembourg 62,5% 37,5% igure 11.25: he glass eiling istribution f male and emale ourt residents Monaco Czech Republic Sweden Russian Federation Switzerland Belgium Montenegro Norway Albania France Denmark The FYROMacedonia Republic of Moldova Finland Italy UK-Northern Ireland Iceland Netherlands Turkey Georgia Azerbaijan Andorra Armenia Malta UK-Scotland Israel 45,0% 62,5% 62,9% 63,9% 65,2% 66,4% 67,1% 68,2% 68,5% 71,0% 71,4% 72,4% 73,5% 74,0% 78,3% 78,6% 83,3% 88,9% 90,0% 92,7% 93,1% 96,2% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 55,0% 37,5% 37,1% 36,1% 34,8% 33,6% 32,9% 31,8% 31,5% 29,0% 28,6% 27,6% 26,5% 26,0% 21,7% 21,4% 16,7% 11,1% 10,0% 7,3% 6,9% 3,8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 40 % Males % Females % Males % Females Average 67,0% 33,0%

41 Deux indicateurs : Efficacité de la justice - Clearance rate : supérieur à 100 %; le stock d affaires diminue. Inférieur à 100 %; le stock d affaires s accroît - Disposition time : durée estimée en jours pour juger le stock d affaires 41

42 gure 9.4 : umber of t instance ncoming and esolved ivil (and mmercial) litigious ases per habitants in 2012 Finland Norway Georgia Albania Sweden Armenia Denmark Netherlands Malta Azerbaijan Austria Estonia Luxembourg UK-Scotland Latvia Slovenia Ukraine Germany Monaco The FYROMacedonia Republic of Moldova Slovakia Turkey Poland France Switzerland Montenegro Greece Czech Republic Italy Portugal Lithuania Serbia Spain Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina Russian Federation Hungary Romania Andorra Israel Incoming per inhab Resolved per inhab. Incoming per inhab. Resolved per inhab. Average Median

43 Figure 9.8 Clearance rate (CR) of civil litigious in 2006, 2008, 2010 and Evolution of the clearance rate between 2006 and 2012, in % (Q9) 140% Figure 9.8 : Evolution of the Clearance Rate (CR) of civil litigious cases between 2006 and % 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 43

44 ISL Not a member of CoE Data not supplied Clearance Rate (%) Disposition Time (days) Less than 90% Less than 100 days From 90 to less than 100% From 100 to less than 200 days From 100 to less than 110% From 200 to less than 365 days 110% and over 365 days and over Figure 9.10 : Disposition time and Clearance Rate of litigious civil (and commercial) cases in 1st instance courts in 2012 PRT ESP IRL UK:NIR UK:SCO UK:ENG&WAL AND FRA BEL NLD LUX CHE MCO DEU LIE DNK NOR SMR ITA AUT SVN CZE SWE HRV BIH POL SVK HUN MNE ALB SRB MKD GRC FIN LTU EST LVA ROU BGR MDA UKR TUR RUS GEO ARM AZE 44 MLT CYP ISR

45 Figure 9.13 : Evolution of the Clearance Rate (CR) of administrative law cases between 2006 and 2012 Figure 9.13 Clearance rate of administrative law cases. Evolution of the clearance rate between 2006 and 2012, in % (Q91) 45

46 Average length 2006 Average length 2008 Average length 2010 Average length 2012 Figure 9.29 : Average length of proceedings for litigious divorce cases in first instance courts in Figure 9.31 Average length of proceedings 2006, 2008, for litigious 2010 divorce and cases 2012, at first instance days courts in 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012, in days (Q102) Average (days) Median (days) Calculated with data of shown countries/entities

47 Figure 9.30 : Evolution of the Clearance Rate of employment dismissal cases in first instance Figure 9.32 Clearance rate of employment courts dismissal between cases in 2006, 2008, and and Evolution of the clearance rate between 150% 2006 and 2012, in % (Q101) 140% 130% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 47 CR 2006 of employment dismissal cases (%) CR 2008 of employment dismissal cases (%) CR 2010 of employment dismissal cases (%) CR 2012 of employment dismissal cases (%)