Social Community Accessibility

Transcription

1 Social Community Accessibility Australian Geography Teachers Conference 8-12 January University of Tasmania Launceston NEIL COFFEE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE

2 Geography V GIS? National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 2

3 Outline The National Key Centre for Social Applications of GIS Some Examples of Community and Social Applications of SIS Conclusion National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 3

4 Thinking Spatially Most data exists as tables of numbers More accessible when we incorporate the spatial dimension National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 4

5 GIS cuts vertically through data layers for analysis at known spatial locations National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 5

6 GIS All Pervasive Enabler National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 6

7 1995 Social applications Education Undergraduate Postgraduate Secondary GISCA 10 years Many and varied projects over that time more about that later! National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7

8 GIS particularly the case in the area of LIS and in natural resource and environmental management but less so for social, economic and planning implications these are areas in which developments are still at a relatively early stage compared with other countries. Garner 1990:41 National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 8

9 Areas where SIS can Contribute to Social and Community Planning Allocation of Resources Between Groups and Areas Diagnosing Social Conditions and Needs Matching Demand for Services and their Existing Supply Overlaying Data Sets of Different Types and Areal Resolution Integration of Data Sets National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 9

10 Areas where SIS can Contribute to Social and Community Planning Development of Multidimensional and Spatial Measures Evaluation and Monitoring Transforming Administrative Data Sets to Planning Tools Defining Relevant Spatial Units Scenario Construction National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 10

11 APPROACHES TO RESOURCE ALLOCATION a fixed allocation to each community or area; a per capita approach; a response-based approach; a demand-based approach; a history-based approach; a needs-based approach. National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 11

12 SIS and Community Empowerment Danger of Reinforcing the Elite Potential to Inform Individuals and Communities Potential to Encourage Participation in Decision Making Interventions Needed by Government National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 12

13 Project Examples Taken from GISCA projects and Post Graduate work. National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 13

14 Quantifying Accessibility - A GIS Approach Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

15 Introduction GISCA and the Commonwealth Dept of Health and Aged Care developed a GIS based methodology to quantify Accessibility/Remoteness in Australia ARIA, a generalized accessibility/remoteness measure Specific service access measures using this methodolgy access to GP s, Hospitals, Education) National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 15

16 GIS Database Transport Network AUSLIG TOPO 250K) Populated Localities AUSLIG TOPO 250K) Population ABS) Services Desk Top Mapping Services) Administrative Boundaries ABS) Collection Districts 1996 Postcodes 1996 Statistical Local Areas 1996 National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 16

17 11,340 localities Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

18 ÊÚ ÊÚ Road Road Network Network and Populated and Populated Localities Localities The Minimum Road Distance from each populated locality11,338) to the nearest service centre for each of the four classes was extracted Assumption that if closer to a larger centre the distance to the large centre predominates Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

19 ARIA Methodology Network Analysis was conducted on the entire Australian road network Road Distances were calculated from 11,800 populated localities to 201 service centres Class A to Class D) producing a Road Distance Matrix The Minimum Distance from each populated locality11,338) to the nearest centre of each of the four classes was extracted from the distance matrix A ratio of the minimum distance to mean for each class of service centre was calculated Addition of 4 ratios to give a Remoteness Value 0-12) for 11,338 populated localities Interpolation of remoteness to a one kilometre grid Remoteness values calculated for each CD, Postcode and SLA National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 19

20 Calculating ARIA 800km to A avg = 413km 200km to B avg = 239km 110km to C avg = 139km 20km to E avg = 88km ARIA Calculation Category A score = 800/413 = 1.93 Category B score = 200/239 = 0.84 Category C score = 110/139 = 0.79 Category D score = 50/88 = 0.59 Total ARIA score = = 4.58 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

21 RIA - Populated calities Showing moteness Value Dark Red - Remote Pale Red - Accessible Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

22 ARIA 1km Grid Red = accessible Dark blue = remote National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 22

23 ARIA Value by SLA Neil Coffee National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee 23

24 Cost Distance along road network National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee 24

25 Cost allocation of the road network cells National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee 25

26 Catchments for class B towns National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee 26

27 The location of GP s in SA Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

28 Populated Localities and GP s in SA Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

29 Accessibility Surface Showing Distance to GP s Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

30 SERVICES ANALYSED HEALTH SERVICES Hospitals Doctors Aboriginal Medical Health Centres Home and Community Care Remote Area Nurses Aged Care Pharmacies Dentists RFDS Medicare Offices Primary Health Care 99.5%) OTHER SERVICES Banks Credit Unions Rural Financial Counsellors Centrelink Post Offices Government Schools Non Government Schools TAFE University Hotels National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 30

31 National Centre for Social Applications of GIS National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 31 Neil Coffee Doctors Doctors ABS demographic data ABS demographic data

32 Demographic Characteristics Outside 80km service area 86 towns with > 200 people) 156,000 people 60,000 are of indigenous origin 14,000 people are over 65 years of age Inside 80 km service area 17.7 Million people 99.0% of Australia s population National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 32

33 GP catchment areas Nearest by road National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 33

34 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

35 FUNDING ALLOCATIONS using ARIA METHODOLOGY Rural Retention Program for GPs Viability Payments for Aged Care Facilities Fuel Subsidy Scheme Allocations for Non- Metropolitan Pharmacies Commonwealth Grant Commission Allocations Over 200 million in funding allocations National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 35

36 Metro ARIA Distance to Banks Instead of measuring distances to Service Centres, Metro ARIA works by measuring the road distance to a number of basic services including Hospitals GPs Schools Banks Shopping Centres Public Transport National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee 36

37 Metro ARIA Distance to Major Hospitals National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee 37

38 Metro ARIA Distance to GPs National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee 38

39 Metro ARIA Distance to Public Transport National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee 39

40 Metro ARIA Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

41 Local Accessibility Modelling Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

42 Local Accessibility Modelling Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee Coffee N, Leslie E, Owen N & Hugo G 2003

43 Relocation Decision Support System: Emma Baker Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

44 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

45 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

46 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

47 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

48 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

49 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

50 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

51 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

52 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

53 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

54 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

55 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

56 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

57 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

58 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

59 Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

60 Number of people hospitalised by urban centre 45% attack rate, risk distribution B, upper estimate Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

61 Number and distribution of hospital beds Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

62 Excess hospitalisations in same urban centre 0% occupation rate at onset of pandemic Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

63 Excess hospitalisations in same urban centre 60% occupation rate at onset of pandemic Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

64 Zooming in to New South Wales Excess hospitalisations in catchment 80% occupation Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

65 EQUITY IN EDUCATION When data are aggregated to CDs, a more precise definition of location is obtained The dress circle location of AU students becomes clearer in this representation than in the representation at SLA level National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 65

66 EQUITY IN EDUCATION GIS can take record data, aggregate it to an areal unit, and then relate it to other data sets, many of which are held in the Key Centre More refined comparisons are possible - eg AU students as % of population National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 66

67 Unit record ambulance response rates Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

68 Surface of ambulance response rates Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

69 Diseases Monitoring National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 69

70 Crime Mapping Map locations of car thefts National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 70

71 Optimal Pharmacy Location New Pharmacy Existing Pharmacy % % % % % % % % Meekatharra % % Leonora % % % % %% % % % % % % % %%%% % % % % % %% % % % %%% %% % % % %% % % % % % % % %% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Fi tzroy Crossing % Halls Creek Warburton % % % % % % % % % 114 localities in WA have a pharmacy Average distance to the closest pharmacy is 9.9 km Five extra pharmacies in these positions reduce the distance to 6.6 km. Decrease in distance of 33% Average Distance to Closest Pharmacy Number of Additional Pharmacy Locations Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

72 Whooping Cough National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 72

73 Walkability Index Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee

74 Supply Linkages CITY OF ELIZABETH GENERAL MOTORS-HOLDENS AUTOMOTIVE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS AND COMPONENT INDUSTRIES CITY OF PORT ADELAIDE Legend Mitsubishi Supply Lines CITY OF ADELAIDE GM-Holden Supply Lines Industrial Zones LGA Boundary Main Roads MITSUBISHI MOTORS AUST LTD CITY OF HAPPY VALLEY Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee CITY OF NOARLUNGA Kilometers Source: Planning SA

75 Industrial Site WADDIKEE ROAD Selection Criteria for selection Land is vacant Area between 2,000 and 4,000sqm Within 500m of selected intersection DYSON ROAD BREDBO STREET HEATH STREET O'SULLIVAN BEACH ROAD DORSET STREET Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston Neil Coffee National Centre for Social Applications of GIS CITY OF Neil Coffee NOARLUNGA Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston CITY OF NOARLUNGA 75 Source: Planning SA

76 3D Urban Modelling Adelaide model One of the first 3D urban models developed Many application areas: Urban aesthetics & planning Telecommunications National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 76

77 Thank you National Centre for Social Applications of GIS Neil Coffee Australian Geography Teachers Conference, 8-12 January 2006, University of Tasmania, Launceston 77