FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT ON WORLD HERITAGE SITES AND MUSEUMS PREPARED BY TARISI VUNIDILO, SECRETARY-GENERAL, PIMA FOR UNESCO SUBMITTED ON MAY 15, 2012

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1 Working together, preserving, celebrating and nurturing the heritage of the peoples of the Pacific Islands FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT ON WORLD HERITAGE SITES AND MUSEUMS PREPARED BY TARISI VUNIDILO, SECRETARY-GENERAL, PIMA FOR UNESCO SUBMITTED ON MAY 15, 2012 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 1

2 Table of Contents 1. Acknowledgement 2. Introduction 3. Case Studies a. Vanuatu b. Solomon Islands c. Papua New Guinea d. Kiribati e. New Caledonia f. Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) 4. Feasibility Project Findings & Summary 5. Future Actions 6. Conclusion 7. Appendix 1: Questionnaire 8. Appendix 2: List of the six museums 9. Appendix 3: WH criteria 10. Appendix 4: Selected Photographs Caption for cover page photo: Re-enactment photo of a chief at the Chief Roimata Domain, Vanuatu (Photo courtesy of the World Heritage Office, Port Vila, Vanuatu) Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 2

3 Acknowledgement I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who contributed to this project. First and foremost, to UNESCO (Samoa Office) for providing the funds to get this project underway and completed by PIMA. PIMA s appreciation goes to our Pacific colleagues who tirelessly work in museums, universities, regional World Heritage (WH) Offices and High Commission in the six selected countries listed below: 1. Vanuatu Kaltoral Senta (VKS) 2. Solomon Islands National Museum 3. Papua New Guinea (University of Goroka-Melanesian Studies) 4. Kiribati (Culture Department, Ministry of Internal and Social Affairs) 5. New Caledonia (High Commission of New Caledonia) 6. Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) Alele Museum Everyone was very helpful in promptly responding to the questionnaire, telephone calls and s. Your honest feedback and time is gratefully appreciated: I would also like to acknowledge Ms. Tuliana Cirivakayawa from the PIMA Secretariat in Port Vila, who accompanied me during the Vanuatu Field Visit in January, Vinaka Vakalevu Tarisi Vunidilo, PIMA Secretary-General Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 3

4 Introduction The Pacific Islands Museums Association (PIMA) was approached by UNESCO (Samoa) to undertake this feasibility study. PIMA was requested to undertake a feasibility study on a capacity building program in World Heritage site related museum management in the Pacific small islands developing countries (SIDS) based on a thorough analysis of existing program/projects in this field. The study paid special attention to make a complete list of existing World Heritage site-related museums, interpretation centers and other institutions in the Pacific SIDS and its contribution to museum development in the region. PACIFIC REGION OR OCEANIA Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 4

5 PIMA was required to: i) Prepare a feasibility study on a region-wide capacity building in museum management in the Pacific SIDS in close consultation with museums in SIDS, regional organizations, experts and development partners. ii) Prepare a final version of the feasibility study and submit it together with a report of activities carried out under the contract The final report should contain the following: List of all museums having connection with World Heritage sites (e.g. physically located near the inscribed zones, possessing collections discovered from the WH sites, or having connection with populations related to World Heritage sites) with the number of collections, staff and main activities, as well as on-going international/national assistance A set of analytical recommendations in terms of most pressing needs in training, as well as possible regional activities that WH related museum institutions can develop in the future to share their experience Given the short time frame and the funding available, PIMA decided to only focus on the six island nations that already have their sites listed and recognized by UNESCO. The six countries are: Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Kiribati, New Caledonia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Five of the six countries have ratified the World Heritage Convention except New Caledonia, which is a non-pacific State Party. To have New Caledonia as one of the case-studies would provide a different perspective on how their site is supported, even though New Caledonia has Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 5

6 not ratified the convention. Comparison between these case studies can provide an even platform on how museums can support these sites, whether a country is a state party or not. It is important to note that there are other island nations that are proposing new sites for nomination, one of which is Fiji that submitted their tentative list in January of this year. Trans-boundary nominations such as the Yap Stone money quarry and sites (Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia) and Taputapua tea (France/French Polynesia) have also been proposed. Even though the Pacific region continues to be the most under-represented region on the World Heritage list, this feasibility study can provide some hands-on suggestions on how museums can assist to strengthen the link between communities and world heritage sites in the region. The beneficiaries would no doubt be the Pacific communities and its people. In the following pages, case studies are discussed following this format: 1. Background 2. UNESCO Criterion 3. Questionnaire Discussion 4. Links to museums. Research findings and a summary along with proposed actions are outlined on part 4 and 5 of this report. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 6

7 PART 3: CASE STUDIES The six (6) case studies are listed in the following order: 1. VANUATU 2. SOLOMON ISLANDS 3. PAPUA NEW GUINEA 4. KIRIBATI 5. NEW CALEDONIA 6. REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (RMI) Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 7

8 VANUATU Vanuatu Kaltoral Senta (VKS) Source: Tarisi Vunidilo, PIMA Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 8

9 Case Study 1: Chief Roimata Domain, Vanuatu The discussion outline of this case study is as follows: 1. Background 2. UNESCO criterion 3. Field Visit in Vanuatu 4. Questionnaire discussion 5. Link to the Museum In July 2008, the CHIEF ROI MATA'S DOMAIN (CRMD) was formally registered as a World Heritage site the first in VANUATU. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 9

10 1. Background 1 Chief Roi Mata s Domain is the first site to be inscribed in Vanuatu. It consists of three early 17th century AD sites on the islands of Efate, Lelepa and Artok associated with the life and death of the last paramount chief, or Roi Mata, of what is now Central Vanuatu. The property includes Roi Mata s residence, the site of his death and Roi Mata s mass burial site. It is closely associated with the oral traditions surrounding the chief and the moral values he espoused. The site reflects the convergence between oral tradition and archaeology and bears witness to the persistence of Roi Mata s social reforms and conflict resolution, still relevant to the people of the region Villagers of Mangaliliu Village, fourth from right is Mrs. Leisara Kalotiti, the leader of the women s group Special Features of the CRMD The CRMD includes places associated with Chief Roimata and that includes his residence, where he died, and where he was buried. Mangaliliu and Natapau villages 1 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 10

11 are the two key villages involved in this project There are three important activities that was noted from the CRMD Management Plan that other future communities can learn from and they are as follows: 1. In terms of community consultation, most key individuals and villages were contacted and interviewed. In 2005, 93 individuals attended 3 workshops to cover 3 topics of the management plan 2. Acknowledging Oral Traditions and Place Namesa. Co-management between rightful custodians from the 2 governing villages of Mangaliliu and Natapau Villages b. Development of community based tourism company called Roi Mata tours c. Tours includes re-enactment and story-telling (note picture on report cover) 3. Chiefs were involved in the consultation process. The research team worked close together with the local chiefs and landowners. Five chiefs are listed below: 1. Chief Kalkot Murmur 2. Chief Atafsaru 3. Chief Meto 4. Kalfau Palinga 5. Chief Fartepar 2. UNESCO Criterion 2 The Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the site is that it is an outstanding example of a landscape representative of Pacific chiefly systems. The following criterion was based on the final decision for the site to be listed as a World and they are: Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 11

12 Criterion (iii): Chief Roi Mata s Domain is a continuing cultural landscape reflecting the way chiefs derive their authority from previous title holders, and in particular how the tabu prohibitions on the use of Roi Mata s residence and burial site have been observed for 400 years and continue to structure the local landscape and social practices. Criterion (v): Chief Roi Mata s Domain is an outstanding example of a landscape representative of Pacific chiefly systems and the connection between Pacific people and their environment over time reflected in respect for the tangible remains of the three key sites associated with Roi Mata, guided by the spiritual and moral legacy of his social reforms. Criterion (vi): Chief Roi Mata s Domain still lives for many people in contemporary Vanuatu, as a source of power evident through the landscape and as an inspiration for people negotiating their lives. 2 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 12

13 3.FIELD VISIT TO VANUATU-JANUARY 2012 The PIMA Secretary-General, Ms. Tarisi Vunidilo visited Vanuatu in January 2012 to interview the World Heritage focal point regarding CRMD. Ms. Vunidilo was accompanied by the PIMA Administrator/ Finance Officer, Ms. Tuliana Cirivakayawa and the VKS Director and PIMA Board member/treasurer, Mr. Marcellin Abong to Mangaliliu Vilage. Due to bad weather, visiting the Roi Mata site on Retoka Island was not feasible. However, time was spent visiting Mrs. Leisara Kalotiti, and her husband at Magaliliu village. They both gave us some first hand information on how the CRMD project is going on the ground. This visit was seen as a useful exercise of forging the relationship between the museum and members of the community. PIMA Secretariat staff standing in front of the CRMD Board, located on the main road to Mangaliliu village, Vanuatu (Photo: Courtesy of Tarisi Vunidilo) Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 13

14 Site Visit Photos View of Retoka Island from Mangaliliu Village Landing site at Lelepa Board informing visitors about the CRMD Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 14

15 FIELD VISIT OBSERVATIONS The PIMA Secretary General made a number of observations during the field visit and they are outlined here below: (i) World Heritage Office It was pleasing to see that PIMA and the World Heritage focal point share the same space, located at the VKS. The close proximity of the office space reflected on how the Director of the VKS view the close relationship the World Heritage project has with PIMA. More importantly, having the WH office in the VKS is evidence of their combined support to the CRMD project. Our PIMA staff (left) and intern from Canada Sarah-Beth Knowles (right) standing in the shared PIMA and World Heritage office located in the Vanuatu Kaltoral Senta, Port Vila Even though the WH focal point was on maternity leave in January, I was able to acquire relevant information related to this project from the resources available in the shared office. I was reassured that it would be more beneficial to visit the site, and also speak to Mrs. Leisara Kalotiti to get more on the ground update of how the project is going. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 15

16 (ii) Mangaliliu Village Site Visit Mangaliliu is one of the principal villages that form the hub of the CRMD. Talking with Mrs. Kalotiti proved beneficial as we were able to witness some of the community jewellery-making work that women in neighboring villages were collectively making to meet the demand of visitors purchasing souvenirs while visiting the CRDM. Photo 1: Tarisi Vunidilo with Mrs. Kalotiti jewellery Photo 2: Mrs. Kalotiti showing some Photo 3: VKS Director with Chief Kalotiti and a Korean Volunteer Our visit to Mangaliliu Village reaffirmed the strong relationship Mangaliliu Village has with the VKS. The jewellery made by women in surrounding villages are also sold in the VKS Museum shop. They also have a shop located in downtown Port Vila that has now become a popular tourist outlet for their hand-made resources. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 16

17 (iii) Vanuatu Kaltoral Senta (VKS) Mr. and Mr Kalotiti from Mangaliliu village spoke positively about the role the VKS play for the CRMD project. They both have participated in the annual Fieldworkers Program (for women and men) that VKS organizes for many years. Numerous heritage related meetings and workshops have been undertaken at the VKS, which again demonstrated the leading role museum play in the capacity building activities of the CRMD. I also observed that there is a permanent exhibition dedicated to the archaeological work on the CRDM. This provided the scientific information relevant for all visitors to the CRDM. This is beneficial for all visitors to see and learn from, prior to their site visit. Having some background information about the CRDM will ensure that everyone benefits from the site tours and will be equally culturally enriched. 4. Questionnaire Discussion Ms. Brigitte Lambukly, the Vanuatu WH focal point had the privilege of responding to set of questions pertaining to the CRMD (see Appendix 1 with a generic questionnaire copy). On the question on what role her organization play in the management of the CRDM site, she mentioned that the Vanuatu Kaltoral Senta (VKS), which the national museum is administered under has taken the lead in the administration and focal point between the communities of Mangaliliu and Lelepa, other NGO's, Government departments, stakeholders, donors, organisation such as UNESCO and World Heritage Centre. The VKS administers funds for the site as well as liaise with the communities on projects and developments in and around the world heritage site. In terms of how the museum is used in her work as the WH focal point, she confirmed that VKS is housed in the same building as the National Museum and its work and responsibilities are interconnected. Other departments in the Centre include the National Archives of Vanuatu, The National Library of Vanuatu, the National Heritage Registry of Vanuatu. With regards to the WH site, the museum is used as a starting point where tourists/visitors are given a brief summary of the site before the tour begins. Talks are also organised in the museum as well as exhibitions and craft sales. These are some of the purposes that the World Heritage site of CRMD have used the museum. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 17

18 The WH Focal point believes that the museum is currently playing a key role for CRMD, however in the VKS, the Museum is part of a section known as the Productions section, whose main function is to make income to run the VKS. In the case of Vanuatu, the cultural centre is the most appropriate organisation to work with World Heritage sites. In this case, the museum and CRMD is able to generate money as income for both projects. For the question of how the WH focal point can improve her relationship with the national museum, she mentioned that she can improve her WH team s relationship by partnering with other museum that have world heritage sites in the region, and organise travelling exhibitions to create more awareness, by promoting the world heritage sites through talks in the museum and also improve sales of world heritage crafts in the museum. On the question of whether a dedicated World Heritage Museum in Vanuatu is the way to go for the future, she mentioned that she strongly believe that strengthening existing museums and their capability is the way to go. Firstly by supporting and improving existing exhibitions, creating markets for World Heritage crafts, creating and supporting youth projects that link museum and world heritage sites, such as tours. In the Chief Roi Mata Domain the communities have requested a museum to be located on site and will be used to showcase artefacts and crafts within the World Heritage site, and in her opinion would be more appropriate than a World Heritage Museum In summary of the response of this questionnaire, one of the main point she would like to highlight is noted above. This is the point that the local communities around the CRDM have requested for a museum to be located closer to the site. If this is actioned, it will bring a great deal of strength to the current capacity of skilled workers, and most importantly will forge a stronger link between the CRMD and the current museum at the VKS. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 18

19 5. Link to the Museum The Director of the VKS as well as the WH focal point both shared similar sentiments that the national museum plays a very important role in the success of the CRDM. To them, the following roles are played by the museum: The museum play a mediating role The museum also act on an advisory capacity The museum also collaborate with international heritage experts They act as a neutral player in the CRMD project They have the capacity to undertake research and play the repository roles The museum also act as the custodian of data collected for future use 3 Photo Caption: Picture of Eratoka Island where the burials of Chief Roimata is located VANUATU NATIONAL MUSEUM DATA PARTICULARS TOTAL Number of Permanent Staff 19 Number of collection Over 2000 Funding Vanuatu Government, Grants from Australia, France and the United States of America 3 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 19

20 4 SOLOMON ISLANDS 5 East Rennell, a World Heritage site, is the main attraction, with the South Pacific s largest inland lake, Lake Te Nggano. The two-island province of uplifted corals lies directly south of Guadalcanal. The lake and its surrounds are home to numerous endemic birds and plants. Activities for visitors include land crab hunting, spear diving, night fishing and dolphin watching. A number of rest-houses are by the lake whilst Bellona offers cave accommodation. The islanders are Polynesians, thus visitors do get a glimpse of ancient songs and dances Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 20

21 Case Study 2: East Rennell, Solomon Islands On this case study, the discussions will be undertaken as follows: 1. Background 2. UNESCO Criterion 3. Oral Traditions 4. Interview with current Museum Director 5. Questionnaire response from past Museum Director 6. Link to the museum 1. Background The East Rennell site is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Environment and Conservation. Source: PIMA/ICOMOS Pasifika 6 East Rennell makes up the southern third of RenneIl island, the southernmost island in the Solomon Island group in the western Pacific. Rennell, 86 km long x 15 km wide, is the largest raised coral atoll in the world. The site includes approximately 37,000 ha 6 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 21

22 and a marine area extending 3 nautical miles to sea. A major feature of the island is Lake Tegano, which was the former lagoon on the atoll. The lake, the largest in the insular Pacific (15,500 ha), is brackish and contains many rugged limestone islands and endemic species. Rennell is mostly covered with dense forest, with a canopy averaging 20 m in height. Combined with the strong climatic effects of frequent cyclones, the site is a true natural laboratory for scientific study. The site is under customary land ownership and management. 7 The two Polynesian island of Rennell (Mu Nggava) and Bellona (Mu Ngiki) are raised atolls, Rennell being the largest example on earth. Rennell also has the largest freshwater lake, Te Nggano, in the Pacific, a unique habitat for many endemic species of plants, birds and animals and is now a listed World Heritage Site. Legend goes that the two islands were settled from a voyage made from from the island of Wallis or Uvea (French possession) 26 generations ago. This would have been during one of the waves of back migrations that occurred after the central and eastern Polynesian islands were settled. 2. UNESCO Criterion The criterion that was used to approve the selection of this site was: Criterion (ix): East Rennell, as a stepping stone in the migration and evolution of species in the western Pacific, is an important site for the science of island biogeography. Combined with the strong climate effects of frequent cyclones, East Rennell is a true natural laboratory for scientific study. 3. Oral History of Rennel Island. 8 Seven clans participated in the migration, using seven large canoes. A man called Kaitu u, now renowned as an ancestral hero of the present day people, also joined the voyage in a large double-hulled canoe. He had been prompted to do so after his mother dreamt of a distant island (there is a different version of the story from each island; the island in the dream was either small and surrounded by white sands or large Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 22

23 with a lake teeming of birds). The seven clans took with them two stone god figures, as Polynesian custom would require. Kaitu'u took with him a temple called Ngaguenga and a ceremonial staff called Ga'akautu'uti. Heading to the southwest, they had a near disaster when a large wave swamped all the canoes except for the double canoe of Kaitu'u and an outrigger sailed by Taupongi and his clan. The survivors of the other clans were picked up by Kaitu'u. One of the gods was lost overboard, so a replacement was cut from a stalactite in a place called Henuatai, assumed today to be a place in Tikopia (Temotu Province). After a long voyage they found the islands they were searching for. They arrived first at the southeastern end of Rennell where they set the two gods ashore and explored to find a large inland lake (Te Nggano). However, the gods returned to the canoe under their own power, prompting the party to travel on to Bellona. There, the two gods jumped up onto the sand beach, and everyone went ashore. Bellona was settled after the incumbent Hitis, a race of "small hairy" people, were forcibly eliminated by Kaitu'u (You can still visit the Hiti caves). Due to fighting between the clans, only one of the voyaging families (the Taupongi clan who settled West Bellona) persisted together with that of Kaitu'u (who became a powerful chief, almost a demigod, and controlled the rest of Bellona and all of Rennell). Everyone on the two islands now is descended from these two clans. 4. Interview with the Museum Director Based on our telephone interview, Mr. Tony Heorake confirmed that there is no strong link between the WH site with the National Museum. Given the oral history above, it would be more appropriate to have the WH site information along with visuals and photographs of the islands for visitors to see and learn from inside the museum exhibition space. In comparison with the VKS, Solomon Islands can learn from Vanuatu in terms of the exhibiting East Renell site information in the museum. According to the Mr. Heorake, one of the main reasons that there is no direct link between the museum and the WH site is that the current WH site is viewed and classified as a natural site. There is no link to the Solomon Islands National Museum at Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 23

24 all. If it was classified as cultural, the museum would no doubt be an active participant in the project. Other reasons why there is no direct link to the WH site are as follows: 1. The Museum do not have a large Natural History Collection 2. There is no dedicated museum space for Natural History exhibition 3. The Museum also do not have a natural History Collection Policy that supports the small natural history collection From the museum s perspective, for the World Heritage site to be managed by Ministry of Environment and Conservation is quite relevant but may mean that cultural aspects of the site will be on low priority. This Ministry has other pressing issues to manage, such as waste management and logging, which are two major threats to the Solomon Islands pristine environment. Even though there are existing rules and regulations within the Ministry that it can implement to manage such issues, it would be highly recommended that this Ministry should adopt a more stronger work relationship with the Ministry of Culture and Heritage and Ministry of Education. The museum Director reaffirms that education is one of the key activity that the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Culture and Heritage should be working on. Information on East Rennell site can be included in the education curriculum, and introducing conservation and environmental management to young people, at school level to is essential. All local schools should be encouraged to learn about their own country s bio-diversity. To learn about the WH site (a site recognized on a world stage) is indeed valuable for future generation of the Solomon Islands. 5. Questionnaire response from past Director The previous Solomon Islands National Museum Director, Mr. Lawrence Foanaota was also interviewed. In terms of his views on how closely involved the museum should be with the WH site of East Renell, he knew that the site is fully managed by the Ministry of Environment. The National Museum s involvement in the East Rennell World Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 24

25 Heritage Site was mainly advising the local people regarding the importance of managing the site and the idea of having small scale income generating projects such as running small poultry and piggery farming, etc. The museum also helped local people to try and work together rather than arguing as to who should be responsible for the site. Another important role was the museum was acting an advisory institution especially on the cultural component of the site. As mentioned above, even though the site is classified as a natural site, it is important for museums to involve in the management of WHS because in most indigenous societies, those registered under natural sites like the East Rennell also has cultural importance attached to it, therefore museums have important roles to play in ensuring that they are involved in managing WH sites. It is also critical for museums to be involved in any projects that are concerned with the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the country in which the museum is responsible for their protection, preservation and documentation. With the proposed question on the possibility of developing a World Heritage Museum (WHM) that focuses mainly on WH matters and projects, this was well received. The response given was as follows: It is very important to have a dedicated World Heritage Museum to be responsible for the various components that are associated with the cultural heritage whether be WHS, Ethnographic Materials, History, Natural Sites, etc. One of his advice in relation to WH is that it is important to remember that in most indigenous communities, the environment where many of the sites are located and the peoples cultural heritage whether tangible or intangible are inter-related. To have a World Heritage Museum dedicated to looking after these areas in the Solomon Islands is one way of minimising costs and will be easier to administer in smaller and less economical developed states, countries or territories in different parts of the globe. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 25

26 6. Link with Museum Both the current and current Director of the SI National Museum mention that the only link the WH site have to the museum was the advisory role they played in the beginning of the project. There is no exhibition in the museum and no display on site that connects back to the museum. One reason would be that the museum does not have a natural history collection. However, this has changed recently. The exchange candidate from the Caribbean that took part in the PIMA-MAC Exchange program sponsored by the European Union (EU) has developed a Collection policy for the museum and this also addressed the natural history collection. For the future, there can be a special display of East Rennell with specimens and photographs shown within the museum. This is exciting for the Solomon Islands. Solomon Islands National Museum data PARTICULARS TOTAL Number of Fulltime Staff 10 Number of collection Over 2000 Funding National government Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 26

27 9 PAPUA NEW GUINEA 9 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 27

28 Case Study 3: Kuk Site, Papua New Guinea The discussion outline of this case study is as follows: 1. Background 2. UNESCO criterion 3. Questionnaire discussion 4. Link to the Museum 1. Background 10 Kuk Early Agricultural Site consists of 116 ha of swamps in the western highlands of New Guinea 1,500 metres above sea-level. Archaeological excavation has revealed the landscape to be one of wetland reclamation worked almost continuously for 7,000, and possibly for 10,000 years. It contains well-preserved archaeological remains demonstrating the technological leap, which transformed plant exploitation to agriculture around 6,500 years ago. It is an excellent example of transformation of agricultural practices over time, from cultivation mounds to draining the wetlands through the digging of ditches with wooden tools. Kuk is one of the few places in the world where archaeological evidence suggests independent agricultural development and changes in agricultural practice over such a long period of time. Picture of the Kuk agricultural site during excavation by Dr. Jack Golson 10 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 28

29 2. UNESCO Criterion Even though Kuk is an outdoor agricultural site, it is on the World Heritage List as a relict cultural landscape on the basis of criteria (iii) and (iv). The criterions are: 1. Criterion (iii): The extent of the evidence of early agriculture on the Kuk site can be seen as an exceptional testimony to a type of exploitation of the land, which reflects the culture of early man in the region. 2. Criterion (iv): Kuk is one of the few places in the world where archaeological evidence suggests independent agricultural development and changes in agricultural practice over a 7,000 and possibly a 10,000 year time span. It is also great to see in the Kuk site documents, that the Kawelka landowners were acknowledged. Not only they were mentioned in reports and other important documents, they were critical in the approval, confirmation and implementation of the Kuk Management Plan. Picture of a village near the Kuk Site in Papua New Guinea 3. Questionnaire Discussion The questionnaire for PNG was filled by Dr. Sam Kari, Director of Melanesia Studies, University of Goroka. His institution has an educational role and the aim is to educate students and encourage them to work in museum and heritage areas within the country of Papua New Guinea. Given this education focus, students are encouraged to use the local museums for their projects or research centers. With the question of whether museums should play a key role in the management of world heritage sites, he agreed Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 29

30 whole-heartedly because he believed that museum staff are well trained in their professional roles relating to heritage matters. He believes for the relationship between the museum and their university to blossom, more dialogue and setting common objectives is needed. When asked the question of a dedicated World heritage museum (WHM) to be developed in PNG, he agreed giving the reason that the way forward in preserving and conserving our heritage for future generations is through the development of such museums 4. Link to the Museum The Papua New Guinea National Museum has a strong link with the Kuk site. The museum is known to have a strong archaeology team since Dr. Jack Golson and his time located the site. Their archaeology department is well respected in the region and has seen numerous local archaeologists being trained through their capacity building Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 30

31 program and support of the Australian government through scholarships and other inkind support. Papua New Guinea National Museum data PARTICULARS TOTAL Number of Full-time Staff 88 Number of collection More than 600,000 Funding PNG Government Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 31

32 11 KIRIBATI 11 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 32

33 Case study 4: The Phoenix Island protected Area (PIPA), Kiribati The discussion outline of this case study is as follows: 1. Background 2. UNESCO criterion 3. Questionnaire discussion 4. Link to the Museum 1. Background 12 The Phoenix Island Protected Area (PIPA) is a 408,250 sq.km expanse of marine and terrestrial habitats in the Southern Pacific Ocean. The property encompasses the Phoenix Island Group, one of three island groups in Kiribati, and is the largest designated Marine Protected Area in the world. PIPA conserves one of the world's largest intact oceanic coral archipelago ecosystems, together with 14 known underwater sea mounts (presumed to be extinct volcanoes) and other deep-sea habitats. The area contains approximately 800 known species of fauna, including about 200 coral species, 500 fish species, 18 marine mammals and 44 bird species. The structure and functioning of PIPA's ecosystems illustrates its pristine nature and importance as a migration route and reservoir. This is the first site in Kiribati to be inscribed on the World Heritage List. PIPA includes all eight atoll and low reef islands of the Kiribati section of the Phoenix Island group, Rawaki, Enderbury, Nikumaroro, McKean, Manra, Birnie, Kanton and Orona. PIPA also includes two submerged reefs, Carondelet Reef and Winslow Reef, with Carondelet Reef being as little as 3 to 4 meters underwater at low tide. It is estimated that there could be more than 30 seamounts within PIPA though to date only nine have been named. The greater part of PIPA by area is comprised of ocean floor 12 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 33

34 with a water column averaging more than 4,000 meters (2.5 miles) deep with a maximum at 6,147 meters. The traditional name for Phoenix Islands is Rawaki UNESCO Criterion Kiribati first declared the creation of PIPA at the 2006 Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in Brazil. On January 30, 2008, Kiribati adopted formal regulations for PIPA that more than doubled the original size to make it at that time the largest marine protected area on Earth. In 2010 PIPA was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. It is the largest and deepest World Heritage site on Earth. The selection of this site was based on two criterions and they are: Criterion (vii): The property is distinguished by containing a large suite of seamounts complete with a broad expanse of contextual abyssal plain with a natural phenomenon of global significance Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 34

35 Criterion (ix): Phoenix Islands Protected Area has exceptional value as a natural laboratory for the study and understanding of the significant ongoing ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of marine ecosystems of the Pacific, the world's largest ocean, indeed all oceans Questionnaire The Culture Centre & Museum senior staff Mr. Natan Itonga was interviewed. Even though there is a dedicated PIPA Manager, the museum was also involved in the early stages of the development of the Management Plan of PIPA. The museum s contribution may be seen as small, museum staff are still being consulted on an ad-hoc basis, offering support where required. Generally, the roles of the Culture Centre & Museum and some of which were offered for PIPA are as follows: a. Consultation with the local communities, the elders, land owners, island council (local Government) 14 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 35

36 b. Identification of Heritage sites (historical, natural & cultural) mostly mixed sites c. Locating on GPS sites d. Documentations of sites ( video recordings, publishing materials, producing maps of sites with GPS locations) e. Promotion of sites f. Safeguarding and preservation of sites are yet to be done due to no funding available. g. Cultural mapping on all heritage sites are still progressing, 95% completed for the first mapping. The second mapping on endangered sites is progressing on one site first It is require to have all endangered sites mapped. h. Aiming for the nomination of heritage sites to world heritage, and for tentative listing- in the meantime, Te Nnabakana site is ongoing, after then it should be nominated and listed for world heritage site. i. Heritage sites are utilised currently for the cultural tourism (economical), and for the records of cultural and historical purposes ( Kiribati cultural heritage). As for the display and information of PIPA, the museum aims to support it by the following: a. Displaying of exhibits such as artefacts, and resource materials related to cultural and historical information for public viewing (Exhibit hall) b. Research center for public, school students, scholars (local and foreigners) to do researches and studies of Kiribati related cultural and historical materials c. Video viewing room (audio and visual room) d Training purposes of Local skills and knowledge to the public e. The Museum is part of the Culture center facility and its purpose is to store and archive artifacts and other forms of media in relation to Kiribati history. In terms of the role of the museum in the management of PIPA, all the information documented on all sites all over the Nation (including PIPA) are done by museum staff. They have the recurrent budget to meet for affordable Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 36

37 documentation, consultations, archiving and exhibitions within the Office (Museum & Culture Center). Other sites that are located on all the islands of Kiribati (outdoor) coastal areas, within land or in the sea, are all part of their office duties to document, store info, safeguarding and restoration before they disappear due to climate change threats or vandalisms. All information and data are kept stored in their office. No other office or department is doing these tasks. The museum have the data, informants records, sites photos and video and even GPS locations. In order to improve relationship between PIPA and the museum, one suggestion is to enhance capacity building development especially on heritage management skills on all staff who manages all sites in Kiribati, not only for PIPA. As for the suggestion of a World Heritage Museum in Kiribati (a museum dedicated to world heritage sites), Kiribati supports the idea. Mr. Itonga mentioned that most of the heritage sites in Kiribati are covering all parts of Kiribati coastal and sea sites. If all sites are maintained as they are, and well documented, and preserved/safeguarded and restored, then after nominating it and registered under the world heritage, it should be well recognised then under the World Heritage sites or similarly World Heritage Museum. The additional information shared by Kiribati is the issue of sea-level rise, which has become a global issue. Kiribati will recommend and propose that the WH could fully support the countries like Kiribati which is currently under the issue of water is rising threat. One day Kiribati will be known as the biggest underwater cultural heritage, if the issue is real! Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 37

38 4. Link to the Museum There is no current exhibition that links the museum to PIPA, however they have a Library and archives on site that contains books and other resources that relates to the Phoenix Islands. Also as part of the PIPA project, there is Inter-ministerial Committee and the museum representative in the committee is Mr. Tekautu Ioane from the Cultural Division, Ministry of Internal and Social Affairs. He is the Senior Cultural officer that oversees the work of the museum and library as well. This is another direct link that PIPA has to the museum. Kiribati Museum and Cultural Centre data PARTICULARS TOTAL Number of Staff 5 Number of collection Over 250 objects Funding Government of Kiribati Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 38

39 15 NEW CALEDONIA 15 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 39

40 Case Study 5: Lagoons of New Caledonia, New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystem The discussion outline of this case study is as follows: 1. Background 2. UNESCO criterion 3. Questionnaire discussion 4. Link to the Museum 1. Background 16 This serial site comprises six marine clusters that represent the main diversity of coral reefs and associated ecosystems in the French Pacific Ocean archipelago of New Caledonia and one of the three most extensive reef systems in the world. These Lagoons are of exceptional natural beauty. They feature an exceptional diversity of coral and fish species and a continuum of habitats from mangroves to seagrasses with the world s most diverse concentration of reef structures. The Lagoons of New Caledonia display intact ecosystems, with healthy populations of large predators, and a great number and diversity of big fish. They provide habitat to a number of emblematic or threatened marine species such as turtles, whales or dugongs whose population here is the third largest in the world. 2. UNESCO Criterion This WH site was inscribed in 2008.These are three criterions that was used to approve the selection of this site Criterion (vii): Superlative natural phenomena or natural beauty: The tropical lagoons and coral reefs of New Caledonia are considered to be some of the most beautiful reef systems in the world due to their wide variety of shapes and forms within a comparatively small area. This ranges from extensive double barrier systems, offshore reefs and coral islands, to the near-shore reticulate reef formations in the west coast zone. The richness and diversity of landscapes and coastal backdrops gives a distinctive aesthetic appeal of exceptional quality. This beauty continues below the 16 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 40

41 surface with dramatic displays of coral diversity, massive coral structures, together with arches, caves and major fissures in the reefs. Criterion (ix): Ongoing biological and ecological processes: The reef complex within this serial property is globally unique in that it is "free-standing" in the ocean and encircles the island of New Caledonia, providing a variety of different kinds of oceanographic exposure, including both warm and cold currents. The coral reef complex has a great diversity of forms including all the major reef types from fringing reefs to atolls, as well as associated ecosystems in both coastal and oceanic situations. Extending over important oceanic gradients, it is one of the planet's best examples of the ecological and biological processes underlying tropical lagoon and coral reef ecosystems, themselves one of the most ancient and complex ecosystem types. Criterion (x): Biological diversity and threatened species: The property is a marine site of exceptional diversity with a continuum of habitats from mangroves to seagrasses and a wide range of reef forms. The barrier reefs and atolls in New Caledonia form one of the three most extensive reef systems in the world, and together with the reefs of Fiji, are the most significant coral reefs in Oceania. They are the location for the world s most diverse concentration of reef structures, 146 types based on a global classification system, and they equal or even surpass the much larger Great Barrier Reef in coral and fish diversity. They provide habitat to a number of threatened fish, turtles, and marine mammals, including the third largest population of dugongs in the world. 3. Questionnaire Discussion When the World Heritage (WH) staff were contacted in New Caledonia, they responded by saying that the only WH site in New Caledonia is the lagoon. It is a natural site, and not a cultural site, therefore there is no direct link to the museum. Museums in New Caledonia do not cover fisheries or lagoon sites. They however mentioned that is an aquarium in Noumea that may be linked to the WH site, but the "museum" definitely do not have a direct link with the WH site. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 41

42 4. Link with the Museum Caption: Museum of New Caledonia, Noumea There is no direct link with the museum. This is similar to the case-study from the Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands and Kiribati. Due to their classification as a natural site, museums therefore as a result do not have direct link to the project. Museum staff may be part of any community groups that governs the WH site, but to be given sole responsibility is fairly non-existent. Museum of New Caledonia data PARTICULARS TOTAL Number of Full-time Staff 10 Number of collection More than 4500 Funding Government funding Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 42

43 17 MAP OF MARSHALL ISLANDS 17 Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 43

44 Case Study 6: Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site, Marshall Islands The discussion outline of this case study is as follows: 1. Background 2. UNESCO criterion 3. Questionnaire discussion 4. Link to the Museum 1. Background In the wake of World War II, in a move closely related to the beginnings of the Cold War, the United States of America decided to resume nuclear testing in the Pacific Ocean, on Bikini Atoll in the Marshall archipelago. After the displacement of the local inhabitants, 67 nuclear tests were carried out from 1946 to 1958, including the explosion of the first H-bomb (1952). Bikini Atoll has conserved direct tangible evidence that is highly significant in conveying the power of the nuclear tests, i.e. the sunken ships sent to the bottom of the lagoon by the tests in 1946 and the gigantic Bravo crater. Equivalent to 7,000 times the force of the Hiroshima bomb, the tests had major consequences on the geology and natural environment of Bikini Atoll and on the health of those who were exposed to radiation. Through its history, the atoll symbolises the dawn of the nuclear age, despite its paradoxical image of peace and of earthly paradise. This is the first site from the Marshall Islands to be inscribed on the World Heritage List. 2. UNESCO Criterion These are two criterions that are used to approve the selection of this site: Criterion (iv): Bikini Atoll is an outstanding example of a nuclear test site. It has many military remains and characteristic terrestrial and underwater landscape elements. It is tangible testimony of the birth of the Cold War and it bears testimony to the race to develop increasingly powerful nuclear weapons. In the wake of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs, the Bikini Atoll site confirmed that mankind was entering a nuclear era. It also bears witness to the consequences of the nuclear tests on the civil populations of Bikini and the Marshall Islands, in terms of population displacement and public-health issues. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 44

45 Criterion (vi): The ideas and beliefs associated with the Bikini nuclear test site, and more generally with the escalation of military power which characterized the Cold War, are of international significance. These events gave rise to a large number of international movements advocating nuclear disarmament; they gave rise to powerful symbols and to many images associated with the nuclear era, which characterized the second part of the 20th century. 3. Questionnaire Discussion The current Alele Museum Executive Director Mr. Newton Lajuan was interviewed. When asked what role the museum played in the WH site, he mentioned that at this point in time, the Alele Inc. has no active part in the management of Bikini World Heritage Site, although it his understanding that in the initial phase of the process, Alele Inc. was the focal point for the entire endeavour. In terms of the role of his institution (which includes the museum), the Alele Inc., by RMI laws, is the governing entity for the National Museum, Library, and Archives. In this capacity as director, Alele Inc. operates a small sized museum that features small scale exhibits, and displays that showcase the history and events of the Marshall Islands from pre-western contact up till the present. With the question on whether the museum should play a key role in the management of WH sites, he absolutely agreed that museums must actively participate. Museums should not play a part but rather the key part in the management of world heritage sites. The present arrangement for the management of Bikini World Heritage Site now is that the Bikini Atoll Local Council is the one and only governing body. Therefore, only a small select group is empowered to make management decisions on behalf of the entire RMI population. It would give the RMI Government and people a sense of ownership and pride if Alele Museum, as the duly appointed representative of the government and people, re-assumes that responsibility. He can understand and sympathize with the fact that Alele Inc. was deprived of this responsibility due to prior incompetence but that is all in the past. He thinks it is time responsibility for Bikini World Heritage Site returned to Alele Inc., in partnership with the Bikini Atoll Local Council. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 45

46 The idea of having a WH museum was also welcomed. He agreed that having one dedicated World Heritage Museum is definitely the choice for the future. Once world governments get past the petty squabbles of consensual location and shared funding responsibility, then what eventuates is a one-stop, top-of-the-line institution housing the entire planet s cultures, traditions, and histories. As Director of the Alele Museum, he wanted to reiterate his conviction that Alele Inc. should resume oversight of Bikini World Heritage Site and would like to invite PIMA to lend support to this effort. 4. Link to the Museum The Museum staff participated on an advisory role only. Someone form the museum also sits in the Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site Committee. There is no exhibition or display at the museum that links the museum to the site, or vice versa. Source: PIMA/ICOMOS Pasifika Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 46

47 Alele Museum data PARTICULARS TOTAL Number of Fulltime Staff 1 Number of collection 589 Funding National Government Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 47

48 PART 4: FEASIBILITY PROJECT FINDINGS & SUMMARY Statistics Summary Particulars Total Total case-studies 6 Strong links to museum 1 Natural Sites 2 Cultural Sites 4 Need museum strengthening 6 COUNTRY Cultural/Natural Site Museum Link Vanuatu Cultural Yes-they have an exhibition in the museum. Strong links with the museum and community Solomon Islands Natural No-link or exhibition at the Solomon Islands Museum New Caledonia Natural No-link or exhibition at the Museum of New Caledonia Papua New Guinea Cultural Yes-a display in the museum (more so on the archaeology/scientific aspect of the project) Marshall Islands Natural No strong link with the museum, even though senior individuals in the museums are in the Management Committee of the site Kiribati Natural No-Link with the museum With reference to the above table, the Vanuatu Kaltoral Senta (VKS) is the only museum that has an active role in the management of the WH site at the Chief Roi Mata Domain (CRMD). The WH focal point is located within the vicinity of the museum Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 48

49 and in the previous years have had major financial and in-kind support from the Australian government. Vanuatu has set a good example to the other countries in terms of museum support to WH sites. Next to Vanuatu, in terms of strong synergy between museums and WH sites is Papua New Guinea. Due to its archaeological nature, the Kuk site, reflect well on the archaeology department of the Papua New Guinea National Museum. Through the years, and with the support of Australia, local archaeologists have been trained to undertake further archaeological research and work around the country. Natural sites as in the case of Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Kiribati and The Republic of Marshall Islands tend to have a stronger link with their Ministry of Environment. Their Museum or cultural centre, in the case of the RMI (the Heritage Preservation Office) were consulted in the early stages of the WH nomination or soon after the inscription. Museums in these countries have very little to do with the management or running of the WH site. They are only consulted when a cultural matter of the site has to be discussed. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 49

50 Some other major findings are outlined here below: Most of the museums and individuals who were interviewed appreciated being part of this feasibility study. Questions being asked during interviews made them think deeply on the importance of world heritage sites and its relationship with their museum and communities There is a realization that more can be done to enhance relationships between local/national museums and local world heritage sites For countries that already has a strong relationship between the national museum and the World Heritage team/focal point, there is an interest to have a local museum or visitors centre near or on- site These museums can collaborate to promote the site, have more in-depth information of the site in their display and exhibition, and also for money making ventures such as a gift shop, café or educational centre All countries with world heritage sites had made contact with their local museum, or have museum staff in their local WH committee Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 50

51 PART 5: FUTURE ACTIONS Feedback Summary and Actions Overall, there was general appreciation from the six countries regarding this feasibility study. Based on the interview and questionnaire feedback from respondents, there is still more research to be done. However, it is important to note that in comparison with other parts of the world, the Pacific has a huge potential for many more sites to be nominated and protected. Museums then play a very critical role in this process. I would like to group the feedback summary into these categories: (i) (ii) (iii) Museum human resources a. Capacity building museums to identify needs within the institution and develop a mid-term to long term training strategy for current and future staff b. Training museums to seek local or international support for heritage training for its staff c. Funding museums to identify relevant funding that are project based results of which can be achieved within a realistic time-frame Museum programming a. Education museums to identify ways to developing heritage stories between museums and WH sites through the support of its in-house education team and the Ministry of Education. b. Exhibition museum curators to identify heritage topics from the WH site that can link to the museum exhibition program and collections c. Collections museums to identify artefacts/objects that can be collected from the site for safe-keeping at the museum. d. Marketing & E-Commerce with relevant approvals and consents, merchandise can be developed from the site with educational messages to the community. This can be sold at the museum shop for visitors to purchase as souvenirs Museum collaborations a. Networking museums in these six islands should connect digitally Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 51

52 (iv) and form an alliance of network so they can share research data from their WH site, and also assist future sites that are yet to be nominated b. Joint online presence - museums to take advantage of websites that are free and/or reasonably easy to access, and encourage one another to link up online, for purposes of information sharing and solidarity Museum community outreach a. Awareness programs (digital, print, audio and moving image) museums to identify which media reaches out to majority of its community for example in the Solomon Islands, the use of the radio using vernacular languages reaches out to most of their audience SUGGESTED TRAINING Training of museum staff in conjunction with the WH focal points is highly recommended. Here are some proposed training programs that can be put in place: 1. Management Plan development training 2. WH local training for museum staff 3. Archaeology training in Vanuatu and PNG 4. Marine biology training in New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands and Kiribati 5. Environmental science workshop in the Republic of Marshall islands 6. Social networking and E-collaboration training for web site managers in museums 7. Educational support for younger generation in tertiary and vocational schools 8. Exchange programs arranged between the countries with WH sites 9. Encourage site visits between these 6 countries 10. Organise WH workshops that rotates within these 6 countries and invite those who are preparing their nomination to attend Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 52

53 RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that all museums in these 6 countries should re-evaluate the following: 1. Exhibitions Programs 2. Collection Policies 3. Education Programs 4. Community outreach and marketing 5. Revenue making activities Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 53

54 Some additional points to the above list are: it is important for the World Heritage focal point to effectively work with museum/s local It is also critical that the WH focal point and relevant museum staff to have a good rapport with members of the communities where the site is located The involvement of local people with the right skills and training will ensure that sites are well managed on the ground on a daily level Lack of knowledge in the population can be a problem in terms of site management and safety Educational programs can be encouraged using the medium that local people use most, such as radio (in their vernacular) and newspaper. Even though high illiteracy level can be a problem in some island countries, using the above medium of communication can assist in the dissemination of information to the people Awareness, communication and education are important factors to consider in island countries that have world heritage sites that they manage. Collaboration between institutions such as museums and the Ministry of Education as well as the Ministry of Environment needs to be strengthened. Sharing of information between these departments is important so they know what the other department is doing Adopt an online presence that can effectively link these sites and can form an educational resource to schools and other relevant institutions Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 54

55 Conclusion In the Pacific, natural and cultural sites are difficult to separate. To the minds of many indigenous people, cultural sites in the natural environments are one of the other, or sub-set of each other. For instance, a group of islands or reef system may be classified as natural sites and categorized differently. However, to local communities, they are viewed as cultural sites too. To many, reefs are traditional boundaries that have indigenous names and have connections to oral traditions and tribal stories between tribes or islands. For UNESCO and other international organization, they need to take this into consideration when they discuss management of future sites, in particular mixed or natural sites. It is critical and important to involve local or national museum staff from the beginning of the process of any world heritage site negotiation process, as well as the management process, when a site is finally approved to be included in the list. In this feasibility study, it is noted that museums have staff with high-level technical skills that are critical to the longevity of the successful management of sites. Knowing this would ensure that qualified museum staff is valued. Some can assist with the conservation, education and marketing of these sites, to all visitors. Museums as well can be used as promotion and marketing platforms for these sites. For those sites that do not have displays at the site, World Heritage focal points can work with museum curators to develop exhibitions that focus on these sites. Site tours can begin at the museum, offering some background information to visitors prior to the visit to the site. Vanuatu is a good case study to look at. In the case of Kiribati, it is also important to include in the management of the site issues pertaining to sea-level rise. All sites must be well managed and issues that directly affect their management on a daily basis should be taken seriously. For Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 55

56 instance, any damage to sites located on the island must e reported immediately to staff concerned. Recovery archaeology work can be undertaken to enable the retrieval of cultural objects that may be at risk of being damaged or disappearing. Collaboration is the key for success. It should be encouraged that all Ministries and government departments that somehow have an interest on the site must share information. To conclude, museums are valuable institutions in any given society. Even though in the Pacific, many communities still have a living tradition, in other words they practice their culture and tradition, museums can still support the role of schools as educational institutions for the present and future generations. World heritage sites can benefit so much from museums if they enhance their current professional relationship and make it better for the FUTURE. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 56

57 Appendix 1: Questionnaire Working together, preserving, celebrating and nurturing the heritage of the peoples of the Pacific Islands QUESTIONNAIRE PIMA WOULD LIKE TO TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE TIME TO FILL IN THIS BRIEF QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Name of your organisation: 2. Name of Country: 3. Name & position of staff (filling in this form): 4. What role does your organisation play in the management of your national World Heritage Site? 5. Does your department/team access your local museum at all? Yes or No (please circle your answer). (If you don t use the museum, please go straight to question 8) 6. If you do use the museum, for what purpose do you use it for? Please elaborate. 7. Do you feel that museums should play a key role in the management of world heritage sites? If so, please explain your answer. 8. How can you improve your professional relationship with your national museum? Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 57

58 9. Do you think that a dedicated World Heritage Museum is the way to go for the future? Please explain your answer. 10. Do you have any other comments? VINAKA! MALO! MAHALO! FA AFETAI! Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 58

59 Appendix 2: List of the six (6) museums that were part of this study: LIST OF MUSEUMS COUNTRIES MUSEUMS ROLE IN WH INTERNATIONAL WH FOCAL FUNDING POINT SUPPORT Vanuatu VKS Advisory Australian Yes (internal) Solomon Is Solomon Is Advisory Australian Yes (external) National Museum PNG PNG National Advisory Australian Yes (external) Museum Kiribati Culture Center & Museum Advisory United Kingdom Conservation International Yes (external) New Caledonia Museum of No link of WH France Yes (external) New Caledonia to Museum Republic of Alele Museum Advisory RMI Yes (external) Marshall Is Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 59

60 Appendix 3: World Heritage Selection criteria: i. to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; ii. to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design; iii. to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared; iv. to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history; v. to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change; vi. to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria); vii. to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance; viii. to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features; ix. to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals; x. to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation. The protection, management, authenticity and integrity of properties are also important considerations. Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 60

61 Appendix 4: Selected Photographs Interior of Alele Museum, Marshall Islands Cultural performance at the Museum of New Caledonia, Noumea Pacific Islands Museums Association C/- Vanuatu Cultural Centre PO Box 184, Port Vila, VANUATU 61